DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DRILLING RIG: DEFINITIONS

RODRIGO BERNARDO FERNNDEZ
November 26th 2013




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INDEX
1. Drill pipe 2
2. Pipe racks 3
3. Iron roughneck 4
4. Tanks, agitators 5
5. Casing 6
6. Bibliography 7














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1. DRILL PIPE
Drill pipe, is hollow, thick-walled, steel piping that is used on drilling rigs
and horizontal drilling to facilitate the drilling of awellbore and comes in a
variety of sizes, strengths, and weights but are typically 30 to 33 feet in
length. They are hollow to allow drilling fluid to be pumped through them,
down the hole, and back up the annulus.
Drill pipe is a portion of the overall drill string. The drill string consists of
both drill pipe and the drill stem which is the tubular portion closest to the
bit or downhole assembly. Drill pipe and drill stems can be differentiated
in that the drill pipe is quite flexible and produced in longer segments
whereas the drill stem is much more rigid and manufactured in shorter
task specific segments






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2. PIPE RACKS
Structural steel pipe racks typically support pipes, power cables and
instrument cable trays in petrochemical, chemical and power plants.
Occasionally, pipe racks may also support mechanical equipment, vessels
and valve access platforms. Main pipe racks generally transfer material
between equipment and storage or utility areas. Storage racks found in
warehouses are not pipe racks, even if they store lengths of pipe.
A pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. Pipe racks carry process
and utility piping and may also include instrument and cable trays as well
as equipment mounted over all of these.
Pipe racks consist of a series of transverse bents that run along the length
of the pipe system, spaced at uniform intervals typically around 20ft. To
allow maintenance access under the pipe rack, the transverse bents are
typically moment frames. Transverse bents are typically connected with
longitudinal struts.




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3. IRON ROUGHNECK
Iron Roughneck product line maximizes the efficiency of pipe handling
operations by providing integrated spinning and torque making capabilities
into a single machine.
The Iron Roughneck dramatically increases safety which not only benefits
the entire drilling operation but also, more importantly, the personal
safety of the crew. Greater speed and the ability to perform simultaneous
functions means more time saved on every pipe connection, and more
time saved means more cost efficiency. The compact size and light weight
make the Iron Roughneck ideal for situations in which drill floor space is
limited. The Iron Roughneck models are available in several size ranges and
unit mounting methods include linear tracks on the drill floor, on a scissor
arm, in conjunction with the Starracker or on a rotating pedestal system
depending on which model is selected.



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4. TANKS, AGITATORS
Industrial agitators are machines used in industries that process products
in a view of :
Mixing liquids together
Promote the reactions of chemical substances
Keeping homogeneous liquid bulk during storage
Increase heat transfer (heating or cooling)
Types
Several different kind of industrial agitators exist:
Mechanical agitators (rotating)
Static agitators ( pipe fitted with baffles)
Rotating tank agitators (like concrete mixer)
Agitators working with a pump blasting liquid
Agitator turning thanks to gas
The choice of the agitator depends on the phase that needs to be mixed:
Liquids only, liquid and solid, liquid and gas or liquid with solids and gas.
Depending on the type of phase and viscosity of the bulk, the agitator can
be named mixer, kneader, dough mixer, amongst others. The agitators use
in liquids can be placed on the top of the tank on vertical position, or
horizontally or less common, agitator is located on the bottom of the tank.

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5. CASING
Casing that is cemented in place aids the drilling process in several ways:
Prevent contamination of fresh water well zones.
Prevent unstable upper formations from caving-in and sticking the drill
string or forming large caverns.
Provides a strong upper foundation to use high-density drilling fluid to
continue drilling deeper.
Isolates different zones, that may have different pressures or fluids -
known as zonal isolation, in the drilled formations from one another.
Seals off high pressure zones from the surface, avoiding potential for
a blowout
Prevents fluid loss into or contamination of production zones.
Provides a smooth internal bore for installing production equipment.




A slightly different metal string, called production tubing, is often used
without cement in the smallest casing of a well completion to contain
production fluids and convey them to the surface from an underground
reservoir.




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6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/illustrated_glossary/standpipe.html

http://www.nov.com/Drilling/Iron_Roughnecks.aspx

http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms.aspx?LookIn=term%20name&filter=standpipe

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/illustrated_glossary/water_tank.html

http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/c/choke_manifold.aspx

http://petrowiki.org/PetroWiki