< .01
State 3
b
At times I feel
distant from a
divine source
.33* -.01 < .01
State 4
c
I have
experienced
moments of
peace in a
devastating
event
.61* .28
< .01
State 5
d
I have had an
experience in
which all things
seemed to be
conscious
.59* .08
< .01
State 6
c
I have had an
experience in
which I felt
nothing is ever
really dead
.45* -.20
< .01
State 7
b
Sometimes I
feel a divine
sources love for
me through
others
.71* .50
< .01
State 8
a
At times I
consult with
.52* .35 .03
124
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Correlation of
State Items to
Total Religiosity
Score
Significance of
Correlations of State
Items to Total State
Score and State
Items to Total
Religiosity Score
clergy or
spiritual healers
State 9
a
I have had an
experience of
complete joy
and ecstasy
.54* .09 < .01
State 10
b
At times I have
harmony with
myself
.54* .07 < .01
State 11
a
I have had an
overwhelming
experience of
love
.52* .12 < .01
State 12
a
I have had an
experience
which made me
extremely happy
and, at least
temporarily,
helped me to
transcend or
resolve
dichotomies like
beautiful vs ugly
.56* -.05
< .01
State 13
a
During worship,
or at other times
when
connecting to a
divine source, I
feel joy which
lifts me out of
my daily
concerns
.68* .61
.22
State 14
b
At times I feel
close to a divine
source
.70* .57
.03
State 15
b
Sometimes I am
aware of a
transcendent
energy source
.67* .19
< .01
125
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Correlation of
State Items to
Total Religiosity
Score
Significance of
Correlations of State
Items to Total State
Score and State
Items to Total
Religiosity Score
State 16
b
I once had
spiritual well-
being but have
lost it
.22* -.01 .02
State 17
b
At times I watch
or listen to
spiritual
programs on TV
or radio
.45* .49
.60
State 18
b
I have had an
experience in
which a new
view of reality
was revealed to
me
.45* -.02 < .01
State 19
b
At times I
discuss
spirituality
openly
.46* .14 < .01
State 20
c
I only meditate
on special
occasions
.34* -.07 < .01
State 21
b
There are times
when I feel like
a divine source
has let me down
.26* -.03
< .01
State 22
c
I have had an
experience in
which
everything
seemed to
disappear from
my mind until I
was conscious
only of a void
.37* -.19
< .01
a
n = 208.
b
n=207.
c
n=206.
d
n = 205.
e
Underlined items were discarded at this level.* p <
. 01 for significance of correlations between state items to total state score.
p < .01 for
significance of correlations between state items to total religiosity score.
126
Table 3
Correlation Between Trait Items and Total Trait Score versus Correlation Between Trait
Items and Total Religiosity Score
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait Score
Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Religiosity
Score
Significance of
Correlations of
Trait Items to Total
Trait Score and
Trait Items to Total
Religiosity Score
Trait 1
a
My mission in
life is guided
by my faith in
a divine
source
.84* .74
.01
Trait 2
c
A spiritual
person is
centered
.67* .37
< .01
Trait 3
b
All of life is
infused with
sacredness
.42* .07 .01
Trait 4
a
A spiritual
person is
usually aware
of a divine
source
.65* .47
.01
Trait 5
c
There is a
transcendent,
spiritual
dimension to
life
.63* .23
< .01
Trait 6
a
My spiritual
beliefs give
my life a
sense of
significance
and purpose
.87* .65
< .01
Trait 7
a
My primary
purpose is to
live faithfully
in accordance
with my
spiritual
beliefs
.80* .60
< .01
127
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait Score
Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Religiosity
Score
Significance of
Correlations of
Trait Items to Total
Trait Score and
Trait Items to Total
Religiosity Score
Trait 8
a
My spirituality
gives
meaning to
my life
.89* .62
< .01
Trait 9
b
Nothing is as
important to
me as serving
a divine
source as
best I know
how
.84* .72
< .01
Trait 10
a
Overall, I am
a spiritual
person
.83* .48
< .01
Trait 11
b
It is important
for me to
know that I
am honest in
how I live my
life
.32* .07 .01
Trait 12
b
My
relationship
with a divine
source
contributes to
my sense of
well-being
.88* .61
< .01
a
n = 208.
b
n=207.
c
n=206.
* p < .01 for significance of correlations between trait items to total trait score and trait
items to total religiosity score.
p < .01 for significance of correlations between trait items to total religiosity score.
128
Table 4
Correlation of Trait Items with Total Trait Score and State Items with Total State Score
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait
Scores
Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Significance of
Correlations
Between
Columns 3 and
4
State Spirituality Items
State 1
a
There are times
when a divine
source
frustrates me
.17* .37
.02
State 2
b
Sometimes I
feel a divine
sources
presence
.75* .70
.26
State 3
b
At times I feel
distant from a
divine source
.08 .33
< .01
State 4
c
I have
experienced
moments of
peace in a
devastating
event
.51* .61
.15
State 5
d
I have had an
experience in
which all things
seemed to be
conscious
.34* .59
< .01
State 6
c
I have had an
experience in
which I felt
nothing is ever
really dead
.14* .45
< .01
State 7
b
Sometimes I
feel a divine
sources love
for me through
others
.73* .71
.69
State 8
a
At times I
consult with
clergy or
.44* .52
.30
129
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait
Scores
Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Significance of
Correlations
Between
Columns 3 and
4
spiritual healers
State 9
a
I have had an
experience of
complete joy
and ecstasy
.35* .54
.02
State
10
b
At times I have
harmony with
myself
.37* .54
.03
State
11
a
I have had an
overwhelming
experience of
love
.32* .52
.01
State
12
a
I have had an
experience
which made me
extremely
happy and, at
least
temporarily,
helped me to
transcend or
resolve
dichotomies
like beautiful vs
ugly
.23* .56
< .01
State
14
b
At times I feel
close to a
divine source
.84* .70
< .001
State
15
b
Sometimes I
am aware of a
transcendent
energy source
.57* .67
.10
State
16
b
I once had
spiritual well-
being but I lost
it
-.07 .22
< .01
State
18
b
I have had an
experience in
which a new
view of reality
was revealed to
.15* .45
< .01
130
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait
Scores
Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Significance of
Correlations
Between
Columns 3 and
4
me
State
19
b
At times I
discuss
spirituality
openly
.32* .46
.11
State
20
c
I only meditate
on special
occasions
.10 .34
.01
State
21
b
There are times
when I feel like
a divine source
has let me
down
-.03 .26
< .01
State
22
c
I have had an
experience in
which
everything
seemed to
disappear from
my mind until I
was conscious
only of a void
-.07* .37
< .01
Trait Spirituality Items
Trait 1
a
My mission in
life is guided by
my faith in a
divine source
.84* .56
< .01
Trait 2
c
A spiritual
person is
centered
.67*
.44
< .01
Trait 3
b
All of life is
infused with
sacredness
.42* .23
.03
Trait 4
a
A spiritual
person is
usually aware
of a divine
source
.65* .37
< .01
Trait 5
c
There is a
transcendent,
.63* .51
.06
131
Item
Number
Item Correlation of
Trait Items to
Total Trait
Scores
Correlation of
State Items to
Total State
Score
Significance of
Correlations
Between
Columns 3 and
4
spiritual
dimension to
life
Trait 6
a
My spiritual
beliefs give my
life a sense of
significance
and purpose
.87* .56
< .01
Trait 7v My primary
purpose is to
live faithfully in
accordance
with my
spiritual beliefs
.80* .52
< .01
Trait 8
a
My spirituality
gives meaning
to my life
.89* .60
< .01
Trait 9
b
Nothing is as
important to me
as serving a
divine source
as best I know
how
.84* .61
< .01
Trait 10
a
Overall, I am a
spiritual person
.83* .66
< .01
Trait 11
b
It is important
for me to know
that I am
honest in how I
live my life
.32* .20
.19
Trait 12
b
My relationship
with a divine
source
contributes to
my sense of
well-being
.88* .68
< .01
a
n = 208.
b
n=207.
c
n=206.
d
n = 205.
e
Underlined items were discarded at this level.
* p < .05, ** p < .01 for significance of correlations between trait items to total trait score.
p < .05,
p < .01 for significance of correlations between state items to total state
score.
132
Table 5
Reliability Analysis of Retained State Scale Items (14 Items)
Item # Item Alpha Reliability of
Trait Items
(Corrected Item-Total
Correlation
State 1 There are times when a divine source
frustrates me
.25
State 3 At times I feel distant from a divine source .28
State 5 I have had an experience in which all things
seemed to be conscious
.53
State 6 I have had an experience in which I felt nothing
is ever really dead
.40
State 9 I have had an experience of complete joy and
ecstasy
.49
State 10 At times I have harmony with myself .47
State 11 I have had an overwhelming experience of
love
.44
State 12 I have had an experience which made me
extremely happy and, at least temporarily,
helped me to transcend or resolve dichotomies
like beautiful vs ugly
.27
State 14 At times I feel close to a divine source .32
State 16 I once had spiritual well-being but I lost it .20
State 18 I have had an experience in which a new view
of reality was revealed to me
.40
State 20 I only meditate on special occasions .26
State 21 There are times when I feel like a divine
source has let me down
.22
State 22 I have had an experience in which everything
seemed to disappear from my mind until I was
conscious only of a void
.42
Standardized Item Alpha Reliability of State Scale = .76
133
Table 6
Reliability Analysis of Trait Scale Items (10 Items)
Item # Item Corrected Item-Total
Correlation
Trait 1
My mission in life is guided by my faith in a
divine source
.81
Trait 2
A spiritual person is centered
.58
Trait 3
All of life is infused with sacredness
.27
Trait 4
A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine
source
.57
Trait 6
My spiritual beliefs give my life a sense of
significance and purpose
.85
Trait 7
My primary purpose is to live faithfully in
accordance with my spiritual beliefs
.79
Trait 8
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.88
Trait 9
Nothing is as important to me as serving a
divine source as best I know how
.83
Trait 10
Overall, I am a spiritual person
.79
Trait 12
My relationship with a divine source
contributes to my sense of well-being
.85
Standardized Item Alpha Reliability of Trait Scale = .93
134
Table 7
Revised Reliability Analysis of Trait Items (Nine Items)
Item # Item Corrected Item-Total
Correlation
Trait 1
My mission in life is guided by my faith
in a divine source
.84
Trait 2
A spiritual person is centered
.57
Trait 4
A spiritual person is usually aware of a
divine source
.56
Trait 6
My spiritual beliefs give my life a
sense of significance and purpose
.86
Trait 7
My primary purpose is to live faithfully
in accordance with my spiritual beliefs
.80
Trait 8
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.89
Trait 9
Nothing is as important to me as
serving a divine source as best I know
how
.85
Trait 10
Overall, I am a spiritual person
.80
Trait 12
My relationship with a divine source
contributes to my sense of well-being
.86
Standardized Item Alpha of Trait Scale = .94
135
Table 8
Rotated Component Matrix with Two Factors for the 23 Items Retained from Reliability
Analysis
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
Trait 8
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.91
Trait 12
My relationship with a divine source contributes to my
sense of well-being
.90
Trait 6
My spiritual beliefs give my life a sense of significance
and purpose
.89
Trait 9
Nothing is as important to me as serving a divine source
as best I know how
.88
Trait 1
My mission in life is guided by my faith in a divine source
.88
State 14
At times I feel close to a divine source
.87
Trait 10
Overall, I am a spiritual person
.83
Trait 7
My primary purpose is to live faithfully in accordance with
my spiritual beliefs
.83
Trait 2
A spiritual person is centered
.61
Trait 4
A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine source
.60
State 1
There are times when a divine source frustrates me
State 12
I have had an experience which made me extremely
happy and, at least temporarily, helped me to transcend
or resolve dichotomies like beautiful vs ugly
.77
State 9
I have had an experience of complete joy and ecstasy
.31
.66
State 10
At times I have harmony with myself
.31
.65
State 5
I have had an experience in which all things seemed to be
.32
.61
136
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
conscious
State 22
I have had an experience in which everything seemed to
disappear from my mind until I was conscious only of a
void
.60
State 11
I have had an overwhelming experience of love
.33
.58
State 6
I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is ever
really dead
.55
State 18
I have had an experience in which a new view of reality
was revealed to me
.52
State 20
I only meditate on special occasions
.31
State 3
At times I feel distant from a divine source
State 16
I once had spiritual well-being but have lost it
State 21
There are times when I feel like a divine source has let me
down
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
137
Table 9
Rotated Component Matrix for Three Factors for the 23 Items Retained from Reliability
Analysis
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
3
Trait 8
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.90
Trait 6
My spiritual beliefs give my life a sense of
significance and purpose
.89
Trait 12
My relationship with a divine source contributes to
my sense of well-being
.89
Trait 1
My mission in life is guided by my faith in a divine
source
.89
Trait 9
Nothing is as important to me as serving a divine
source as best I know how
.87
State 14
At times I feel close to a divine source
.84
Trait 7
My primary purpose is to live faithfully in
accordance with my spiritual beliefs
.83
Trait 10
Overall, I am a spiritual person
.80 .32
Trait 4
A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine
source
.61
Trait 2
A spiritual person is centered
.59
State 12
I have had an experience which made me
extremely happy and, at least temporarily, helped
me to transcend or resolve dichotomies like
beautiful vs ugly
.79
State 10
At times I have harmony with myself
.76
State 9
I have had an experience of complete joy and
.76
138
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
3
ecstasy
State 11
I have had an overwhelming experience of love
.69
State 5
I have had an experience in which all things
seemed to be conscious
.63
State 6
I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is
ever really dead
.50
State 18
I have had an experience in which a new view of
reality was revealed to me
.46
State 21
There are times when I feel like a divine source has
let me down
.78
State 1
There are times when a divine source frustrates me
.64
State 3
At times I feel distant from a divine source
.62
State 16
I once had spiritual well-being but have lost it
.54
State 22
I have had an experience in which everything
seemed to disappear from my mind until I was
conscious only of a voice
.46 .47
State 20
I only meditate on special occasions
.39
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
139
Table 10
Rotated Component Matrix with Four Factors for the 23 Items Retained from Reliability
Analysis
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
3
4
Trait 8
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.91
Trait 6
My spiritual beliefs give my life a sense of
significance and purpose
.89
Trait 12
My relationship with a divine source
contributes to my sense of well-being
.89
Trait 1
My mission in life is guided by my faith in a
divine source
.88
Trait 9
Nothing is as important to me as serving a
divine source as best I know how
.87
State 14
At times I feel close to a divine source
.84
Trait 7
My primary purpose is to live faithfully in
accordance with my spiritual beliefs
.83
Trait 10
Overall, I am a spiritual person
.81
Trait 4
A spiritual person is usually aware of a
divine source
.61
Trait 2
A spiritual person is centered
.60
State 10
At times I have harmony with myself
.82
State 9
I have had an experience of complete joy
and ecstasy
.81
State 11
I have had an overwhelming experience of
love
.79
State 12
I have had an experience which made me
.72
.34
140
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1
2
3
4
extremely happy and, at least temporarily,
helped me to transcend or resolve
dichotomies like beautiful vs ugly
State 18
I have had an experience in which a new
view of reality was revealed to me
.36
.35
State 21
There are times when I feel like a divine
source has let me down
.80
State 3
At times I feel distant from a divine source
.74
State 1
There are times when I divine source
frustrates me
.67
State 16
I once had spiritual well-being but have lost
it
.49
State 6
I have had an experience in which I felt
nothing is ever really dead
.74
State 20
I only meditate on special occasions
.69
State 5
I have had an experience in which all things
seemed to be conscious
.46
.50
State 22
I have had an experience in which
everything seemed to disappear from my
mind until I was conscious only of a void
.33
.37
.44
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
141
Table 11
Correlations Between Items Loading onto Factor 1 for the Three-Factor Solution
T-1
a
T-2
T-4
T-6 T-7 T-8 T-9 T-10 T-12 S-14
b
T-1
-
T-2
.45*
-
T-4
.49*
.47*
-
T-6
.76*
.52*
.55*
-
T-7
.73*
.46*
.41*
.73*
-
T-8
.76*
.52*
.53*
.85*
.77*
-
T-9
.83*
.47*
.49*
.73*
.74*
.79*
-
T-10
.64*
.52*
.42*
.71*
.65*
.78*
.68*
-
T-12
.80*
.48*
.49*
.76*
.71*
.78*
.80*
.78*
-
S-14
.73*
.48*
.47*
.74*
.63*
.75*
.76*
.78*
.88*
-
a
Trait items are designated with T.
b
State items are designated with S.
c
Correlations in bold-face are items with r > .80.
* p < .05 (2-tailed).
142
Table 12
Three-Factor Solution of Items Retained from Correlation of Items on Factor 1
Item
Number
Item Factor Loading
1 2 3
Trait 1 My mission in life is guided by my faith in a
divine source
.89
Trait 8 My spirituality gives meaning to my life .88
Trait 12 My relationship with a divine source contributes
to my sense of well-being
.87
Trait 7 My primary purpose is to live faithfully in
accordance with my spiritual beliefs
.85
Trait 4 A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine
source
.65
Trait 2 A spiritual person is centered .62
State 12 I have had an experience which made me
extremely happy, and, at least temporarily,
helped me to transcend or resolve dichotomies
like beautiful vs ugly
.78
State 10 At times I have harmony with myself .78
State 9 I have had an experience of complete joy and
ecstasy
.78
State 11 I have had an overwhelming experience of love .71
State 5 I have had an experience in which all things
seemed to be conscious
.65
State 6 I have had an experience in which I felt nothing
is ever really dead
.51
State 18 I have had an experience in which a new view
of reality was revealed to me
.46
State 21 There are times when I feel like a divine source
has let me down
.78
State 1 There are times when a divine source
frustrates me
.67
State 3 At times I feel distant from a divine source .63
State 16 I once had spiritual well-being but have lost it .53
State 20 I only meditate on special occasions .40
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
143
Table 13
Final Two-Factor Solution Derived from the Student Sample
Item # Item Factor Loading
1 2
Trait Spirituality
Trait 1 My mission in life is guided by my faith in a divine
source
.90
Trait 8 My spirituality gives meaning to my life .90
Trait 12 My relationship with a divine source contributes to my
sense of well-being
.87
Trait 7 My primary purpose is to live faithfully in accordance
with my spiritual beliefs
.85
Trait 4 A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine source .66
Trait 2 A spiritual person is centered .63
State Spirituality
State 1 There are times when a divine source frustrates me
State 21 There are times when I feel like a divine source has let
me down
State 12
5
I have had an experience which made me extremely
happy, and, at least temporarily, helped me to
transcend or resolve dichotomies like beautiful vs ugly
.79
State 9 I have had an experience of complete joy and ecstasy .75
State 10 At times I have harmony with myself .74
State 11 I have had an overwhelming experience of love .68
State 5 I have had an experience in which all things seemed to
be conscious
.66
State 6 I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is ever
really dead
.54
State 18 I have had an experience in which a new view of reality
was revealed to me
.49
State 20 I only meditate on special occasions
State 3 At times I feel distant from a divine source
State 16 I once had spiritual well-being but have lost it
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
5
Two items (State 12, I have had an experience which made me extremely happy and,
at least temporarily, helped me to transcend or resolve dichotomies like beautiful vs
ugly and State 5, I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is ever really dead)
were not carried forward to the validation study due to a procedural error.
144
Table14
Distribution of Questionnaires by Denomination and State
Denomination
State
Total
Indiana
Texas
Baptist 67
(36)
18
(12)
85
(48)
United Methodist 71
(40)
98
(53)
169
(93)
Total 138
(76)
116
(65)
254
(141)
Note. Numbers in parentheses are numbers of valid questionnaires returned.
145
Table 15
Distribution of Questionnaires by Type of Group
Type of Group
Number
Bible or small group study 9
(6)
Church-sponsored community group 19
(12)
Music group 49
(32)
Sunday School class 136
(81)
Sunday worship service 10
(0)
Wednesday evening service 31
(10)
Total 254
(141)
Note. Numbers in parentheses are numbers of valid questionnaires returned.
146
Table 16
Description of Validation Sample by Sex
Sex
Number
Percent
Male 53 37.6
Female 87 61.7
Missing 1 0.7
Total 141 100.0
147
Table 17
Description of Validation Sample by Race
Race
Number
Percent
White 125 88.7
African American 13 9.2
Asian American 1 0.7
Native American 1 0.7
Missing 1 0.7
Total 141 100.0
148
Table 18
Description of Validation Sample by Religious Affiliation
Religious Affiliation
Number
Percent
Baptist 41 29.1
United Methodist 86 61.0
None 3 2.1
Other 11 7.8
Total 141 100.0
149
Table 19
Description of Validation Sample by Marital Status
Marital Status
Number
Percent
Never Married 5 3.5
Married 105 74.5
Life Partners 2 1.4
Separated 2 1.4
Widowed 15 10.6
Divorced 8 5.7
Missing 4 2.8
Total 141 100.0
150
Table 20
Description of Validation Sample by Level of Education
Level of Education
Number
Percent
Less than 9
th
grade 1 0.7
9
th
12
th
grade without diploma 6 4.3
High school or GED 11 7.8
Some college without degree 28 19.8
Associate degree 9 6.4
Bachelor degree 41 29.1
Graduate or professional degree 44 31.2
Missing 1 0.7
Total 141 100.0
151
Table 21
Description of Validation Sample by Level of Income
Sex
Number
Percent
Less than $14,999 8 5.7
$15,000 - $24,999 13 9.2
$25,000 - $34,999 6 4.3
$35,000 - $44,999 15 10.6
$45,000 - $54,999 13 9.2
$55,000 - $64,999 14 9.9
$65,000 - $74,999 8 5.7
$75,000 - $94,999 13 9.2
$95,000 - $124,999 17 12.1
$125,000 - $149,999 4 2.8
$150,000 - $199,999 7 5.0
Greater than $200,000 8 5.7
Missing 15 10.6
Total 141 100.0
152
Table 22
Descriptive Statistics of Participants and Participants Ancestral Ages
Person
N
Minimum
Maximum
M
SD
Participant 120 25
89
55.7 13.9
Mother 139 42
97
75.8 11.3
Father 138 26
96
72.6 12.1
Maternal Grandmother 121 28
101
77.4 14.0
Maternal Grandfather 114 32
100
73.0 15.6
Paternal Grandmother 103 35
101
76.4 14.1
Paternal Grandfather 103 32
97
71.6 15.4
Average Ancestral Age 140 42.5
96
74.5 7.4
153
Table 23
Descriptive Statistics for Measures Used in the Study
Measure
M
SD
Social Desirability
18.1 5.8
STSI State Scale
22.8 4.6
STSI Trait Scale
30.3 4.9
Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-being Scale
40.6 6.7
Psychomatrix Spirituality Inventory
207.7 23.7
Duke Religion Index
22.5 4.2
Religious Fundamentalism Scale
119.4 40.6
Self-rated Current Health Status
7.9 1.3
SF-36 General Health
51.7 8.1
SF-36 Mental Health
52.6 7.8
SF-36 Physical Functioning
49.5 9.7
SF-36 Social Functioning
51.0 8.3
SF-36 Role-Physical
50.1 10.2
SF-36 Role-Emotional
49.0 10.4
SF-36 Bodily Pain
50.9 10.2
SF-36 Vitality
53.7 9.2
SF-36 Physical Component Scale
48.5 9.8
SF-36 Mental Component Scale
52.3 9.0
Oxford Happiness Scale
36.8 5.6
UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale
37.7 9.0
154
Table 24
Multitrait Multimethod Matrix for Spirituality and Religiosity Measures
New Measure of
Spirituality
Criterion
Measures of
Spirituality
Criterion Measures
of Religiosity
Cog Beh Cog
Beh Cog
Beh
STSI-T
STSI-S
PSI
MPS
RFS
DRI
Cog
STSI-T
(.88)
Beh
STSI-S
.38
(.68)
Cog
PSI
.47
.33
(.89)
New
Measure -
Spirituality
Criterion
Measures
of
Spirituality
Beh
MPS
.66
.39
.57
(.84)
Cog
RFS
.49
.11
.30
.47
(.92)
Criterion
Measures
of
Religions
Beh
DRI
.70
.32
.55
.75
.50
(.80)
Note. Cog = Cognitive Measure. Beh = Behavioral Measure
1
5
5
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=
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=
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=
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h
y
s
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n
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g
.
S
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=
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n
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t
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g
.
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=
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l
e
-
P
h
y
s
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c
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l
.
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=
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l
.
B
P
=
B
o
d
i
l
y
P
a
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n
.
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T
=
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t
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t
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n
e
r
g
y
.
*
*
p
<
.
0
1
,
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p
<
.
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5
.
156
Table 26
Two-Factor Solution from the Validation Sample
Item
Factor Loading
1
2
My relationship with a divine source contributes to my sense of well-
being
.88
My mission in life is guided by my faith in a divine source
.81
My primary purpose is to live faithfully in accordance with my spiritual
beliefs
.80
My spirituality gives meaning to my life
.77
A spiritual person is centered
.70
A spiritual person is usually aware of a divine source
.70
At times I have harmony with myself
.33
I have had an experience of complete joy and ecstasy
.80
I have had an experience in which a new view of reality was revealed
to me
.78
I have had an overwhelming experience of love
.35 . 68
I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is ever really dead
.66
Note. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method:
Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
157
Table 27
Correlations Between Spirituality, Happiness, and Loneliness
Trait
Spirituality
State
Spirituality
Happiness
Loneliness
Trait Spirituality
-
State Spirituality
.38
-
Happiness
.29**
.17*
-
Loneliness
-.18*
-.11
-.55**
-
Note. Happiness was measured by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire.
Loneliness was measured by the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Version 3.
158
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