GENERAL PHYSICS ELECTRODYNAMICS

RADIATION SPECTRUM OF CHARGED PARTICLES MOVING

IN MAGNETIC FIELD IN MEDIUM

I. A. KONSTANTINOVICH, A. V. KONSTANTINOVICH
Chernivtsi National University, 2, Kotsyubynsky St., Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
E-mail: theophys@chnu.cv.ua, aconst@hotbox.ru
Received November 7, 2005
Integral expressions for spectral distributions of the radiation power for the
point charged particles moving in magnetic fields in isotropic transparent media are
investigated using the improved Lorentz`s self-interaction method. Special attention
is given to the research of the fine structure of the synchrotron radiation spectral
distribution of two electrons moving in a spiral in a transparent medium with
non-relativistic velocity. The spectrum of synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation for a
single electron moving with non-relativistic longitudinal component (component
parallel to the magnetic field) of velocity are obtained.
Key words: synchrotron radiation, synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation, Lorentzs
self-interaction.
PACS number(s): 41.60.-m, 41.60.Ap, 41.60.Bq, 41.60.Cr, 41.20.-q, 41.20Bt,
03.50.-z, 03.50.De
1. INTRODUCTION
Investigations of the radiation spectra of charged particles moving in magnetic
fields in transparent media and in vacuum are important from the point of view
of their applications in electronics, astrophysics, plasma physics, etc. [14].
The synchrotron spectrum of the single electron moving in a spiral in
magnetic field using the analytical transformations and numerical calculations is
investigated in papers [18]. The investigation of the fine structure of the
powers spectral distribution of two electrons moving in a spiral in vacuum [58]
are the important significance. The synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation for the
electron moving in transparent media is investigated in papers [510]. The fine
structure of the spectrum of the synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation of an electron
moving in a spiral in transparent media for the relativistic longitudinal
component (the direction parallel to the magnetic field) of its velocity is obtained
in [58].

Paper presented at the National Conference of Physics, 1317 September, 2005,

Bucharest, Romania.
Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 51, Nos. 56, P. 547555, Bucharest, 2006
548 I. A. Konstantinovich, A. V. Konstantinovich 2
The aim of this paper is, using the improved Lorentzs self-interaction
method, to investigate the radiation spectrum of electrons moving in magnetic
field in transparent media. Using the exact integral relationships for the spectral
distribution of radiation power, the fine structure of the synchrotron radiation
spectrum of two electrons and the fine structure of the synchrotron-Cherenkov
radiation of an electron moving in a spiral in medium are obtained. The Doppler
effect influence on peculiarities of the radiation spectrum of the electrons in
media is investigated.
2. SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION POWER OF CHARGED
PARTICLES MOVING ALONG A SPIRAL IN TRANSPARENT MEDIA
By means of the improved Lorentz self-interaction method we will obtain
the principal relationships which will be used in our analytical transformations
and numerical calculations for the radiation spectrum of the charged particles
moving in a spiral in magnetic field in a transparent isotropic medium. The
time-averaged radiation power
rad
P of the charged particles moving in magnetic
field is expressed in [1112] as
( )
( )
( )
( )

, ,
1 1
lim , , d d .
2
T
Dir Dir
rad
T
T
A r t r t
P j r t r t r t
T c t t
(1)
Here ( )

, j r t is the current density and ( )

, r t is the charge density. The
integration is over some volume . According to the hypothesis of Dirac [13], the
scalar ( )

,
Dir
r t and vector ( )

,
Dir
A r t potentials are defined as a
half-difference of the retarded and advanced potentials:
( )
=
1
,
2
Dir ret adv

( )
=

1
.
2
Dir ret adv
A A A (2)
Then according to [7], the source functions of two charged point particles
are defined as
( ) ( ) ( )
=
=

2
1
, , ,
l l
l
j r t V t r t ( ) ( )
=
=

2
1
, , ,
l
l
r t r t ( ) ( ) ( )
=

, ,
l l l
r t q r r t (3)
where ( )
l
r t

and ( )
l
V t

are the motion law and the velocity of the

th
l particle,
respectively.
We study two electrons moving one by one in a spiral in transparent media.
The law of motion and the velocity of the
th
l electron are given by the
expressions
3 Radiation spectrum of charged particles 549
( ) ( ) { } ( ) { } ( )
( )
( )
= + + + + +
=

0 0 0 0 ||
cos sin ,
d
.
d
l l l l
l
l
r t r t t i r t t j V t t k
r t
V t
t
(4)
Here

=
1
0 0
, r V

=
1
0
,
ext
ceB E = +
2 2 2
0
, E c p m c the magnetic induction
vector
ext
B

|| 0Z, V

and
||
V are the components of the velocity, p

and E

are the
momentum and energy of the electron, e and m
0
are its charge and rest mass.
The time-averaged radiation power of two electrons we obtain after
substituting expressions (2)(4) into (1). Then
( )

0
d ,
rad
P W (5)
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
0
2
2 2
0 ||
2
sin
2
d cos
cos
,
n
x
c e
W x S x
x c
c
V x V
n

=


+

(6)
where ( )



= +

2
0 2 2 2
||
2
0
4 sin ,
2
V
x V x x ( ) is the magnetic permeability,
( ) n is the refraction index, is the cyclic frequency, and c is the velocity of
light in vacuum. The coherence factor ( )
2
S of two electrons is defined as
( ) ( ) = +
2
2 2cos . S t (7)
Here
2 1
t t t = is the time shift of the electrons moving along a spiral. The
analogous expression for the coherence factor was obtained by Bolotovskii [14].
Starting from relationships (5) and (6) at ( )
||
/ V c n < the contribution of
separate harmonics to the averaged radiation power can be written as
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 || 0
3
1
0 0
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
||
2 2
d sin d 1 cos
.
rad
m
m m m
n
e
P n S V m
c
c
m c
V J q J q V J q
q n

+ +

(8)
where
( )

0
sin ,
n
q V
c
( )
m
J q and ( )
m
J q are the Bessel function with
integer index and its derivative, respectively.
550 I. A. Konstantinovich, A. V. Konstantinovich 4
From relationship (6) one can conclude that each harmonic is a set of
frequencies, which are determined from the solution of the equation
( )
|| 0
1 cos 0.
n
V m
c

=

(9)
When and are constant, the boundaries of the
th
m harmonic for
||
/ V c n < are
given by the frequencies
( )
1
|| max
0
1 ,
m
nV
m
c

=
( )
1
|| min
0
1 .
m
nV
m
c

= + (10)
For the single electron in relationships (5)(6) and (8) the coherence factor
( )
2
S it is necessary to substitute by one ( ) =
1
( 1). S After integration in
equation (8) over frequency, when and are constant, we obtain the
distribution of the radiation power in harmonics [15]. Taking the summation of
the series over the Bessel functions and then integrating over , we have
received the total power emitted with the single electron [15]:
2
2
2 2
2 2
0
3 2
2
1 ,
3
tot
med
e n
n V
P V
c c

=


(11)
3. FINE STRUCTURE OF THE RADIATION SPECTRUM OF TWO ELECTRONS
MOVING ALONG A SPIRAL IN MEDIA
Our numerical calculations of the radiation power spectral distribution of
two electrons moving one by one in a spiral were performed at 1
ext
B = Gs,
=1, =1.2, n
8
0
0.173 10
j
= rad/s,
0
115.6
j
r = cm, j = 1, 2, , 6.
For the velocities components 0.0667
med
V c

=
10
0.2 10 = cm/s and
||
0.1667
med
V c = =
10
0.5 10 cm/s the radiation power spectral distributions of
two electrons depending on their location along a spiral in a medium are shown
in Figs. 14 (curves 26).
It is interesting to compare the radiation power spectral distribution for two
electrons with the radiation power spectral distribution of a separate electron
(curve 1 in Fig. 1). The radiation power of the separate electron in the medium
( = 1, n = 1.2)
17
1
0.902 10
tot
med
P

= erg/s calculated according to relationship
(11) is in good agreement to the power
int 17
1
0.911 10
med
P

= erg/s determined
after integration of relationships (5) and (6). For the time shift
2 02
0.001 / t =
(curve 2 in Fig. 1) the coherence factor ( )
2
4 S = and two electrons in a
5 Radiation spectrum of charged particles 551
transparent medium radiate as a charged particle with the charge 2e and the rest
mass
0
2m , i.e. by a factor of four more than a single electron.
For the time shift
3 03
/ t = the radiation power of two electrons
int 17
3
0.243 10
med
P

= erg/s is smaller than that of a separate electron
int 17
1
0.911 10
med
P

= erg/s.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
0
5
10
15
2
3
1
W()
0j
, (10
-17
erg/s)
/
0j
Fig. 1. Spectral distribution of synchrotron radiation power in the
medium ( = 1, n = 1.2) for a separate electron (Curve 1) and two
electrons moving one by one in a spiral at time shift t
2
=
= 0.001/
02
(Curve 2), and t
3
= /
03
(Curve 3).
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
0
2
4
6
8
4
1
4
W()
0j
, (10
-17
erg/s)
/
0j
Fig. 2. Spectral distribution of synchrotron radiation power in the me-
dium ( = 1, n = 1.2) for a separate electron (Curve 1) and two electrons
moving one by one in a spiral at time shift t
4
= 2/
04
(Curve 4).
552 I. A. Konstantinovich, A. V. Konstantinovich 6
For the time shift
5 05
9 / t = (curve 5 in Fig. 3) we have found the
maxima of the spectral distribution function at the frequencies
( )
+
06
2 2
,
3 9
i
i = 1, 2 and at the frequencies
( )
+
06
7 2
,
9 9
i i = 1, 2 the radiation is absent.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
5
1
5
W()
0j
(10
-17
erg/s)
/
0j
Fig. 3. Spectral distribution of synchrotron radiation power in a
medium ( = 1, n = 1.2) for a separate electron (Curve 1) and two
electrons moving one by one in a spiral at time shift t
5
= 9/
05
(Curve 5).
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
6
1
6
W()
0j
(10
-17
erg/s)
/
0j
Fig. 4. Spectral distribution of synchrotron radiation power in me-
dium ( = 1, n = 1.2) for a separate electron (Curve 1) and two electrons
moving one by one in a spiral at time shift t
5
= 10/
05
(Curve 6).
7 Radiation spectrum of charged particles 553
For the time shift
6 06
10 / t = (curve 6 in Fig. 4) we have found the
maxima of the spectral distribution function around the frequencies
( ) +
06
4/ 5 1/ 5 , i i = 1, 2 and at the frequencies ( ) +
06
7/ 10 1/ 5 , i i = 1, 2
the radiation is absent.
The dependence of magnitude of the radiation power for two electrons
moving one by one on their location in a spiral is presented in Table 1. With
increasing t the radiation power of the system of two charges tends to the
double radiation power of a separate charge.
Table 1
Radiation power for two electrons moving one by one in a spiral in the medium ( B
ext
= 1 Gs,

0j
= 0.17310
8
rad/s, r
0j
= 115.6 cm, j = 1, 2, , 6, m = 1, n = 1.2, c = 2.99792510
10
cm/s)
Curve j t
j med
V
||med
V
int
,
medj
P
(10
17
erg/s)
2 0.001/
02
0.0667 c 0.1667 c 3.682
3 /
03
0.0667 c 0.1667 c 0.243
4 2/
04
0.0667 c 0.1667 c 2.972
5 9/
05
0.0667 c 0.1667 c 1.766
6 10/
06
0.0667 c 0.1667 c 1.936
4. SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SYNCHROTRON-CHERENKOV RADIATION
POWER IN LOW-FREQUENCY RANGE
Let us consider a Doppler effect influence on synchrotron-Cherenkov
radiation in transparent media. The expressions for the synchrotron-Cherenkov
radiation power in such a medium can be obtained starting from (5) and (6).
Then for the single electron moving in a spiral we have found [3, 4]
( )

0
d ,
rad
P W (12)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
0 ||
2 2
0
sin
2
d cos cos ,
W
n
x
c
e c
x x V x V
x c n

= +

(13)
where ( )



= +

2
0 2 2 2
||
2
0
4 sin .
2
V
x V x x
554 I. A. Konstantinovich, A. V. Konstantinovich 8
Starting from relationship (8) at ( )
||
/ V c n < the contribution of separate
harmonics to the averaged radiation power can be written as
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
|| 0
3
1
0 0
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
||
2 2
d sin d 1 cos
.
rad
m
m m m
n
e
P n V m
c
c
m c
V J q J q V J q
q n

=


+ +

(14)
Let us consider some partial case when const = and = 1, i.e. the
low-frequency spectral range is under investigations.
The performed high-accuracy numerical calculations according to
relationships (12) and (13) have shown that the synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation
of the electron moving in a spiral in a medium ( = 1, n = 1.3) is an unified
process with interesting properties. As follows from Fig. 5, overlapping between
the harmonics begins at higher number of the harmonic at a non-relativistic
(smaller) longitudinal component of the electrons velocity.
The minima in the spectral distribution of the synchrotron-Cherenkov
radiation power of the electron for the each separate harmonic are determined by
the electrons radiation in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field
( / 2 = in (14)). The maxima in the spectral distribution of the synchrotron-
Cherenkov radiation power of the electron for the each separate harmonic
(m > 1) is determined by the electrons radiation under an oblique angle with
0 5 10 15 20
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
7
/
0j
W()
0j
, (10
-17
erg/s)
Fig. 5. Spectral distribution of synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation
power with the non-relativistic (smaller)
||med
V at B
ext
= 1 Gs, = 1,
n = 1.3,
med
V

= c/n = 0.230609610
11
cm/s,
||med
V = 0.1510
10
cm/s,
c = 0.2997925 10
11
cm/s.
9 Radiation spectrum of charged particles 555
respect to the Z axis and electrons radiation under an obtuse angle (right and left
peaks, respectively). At higher harmonics the maxima in the spectral distribution
of the synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation are caused preferably by overlapping
between the m
th
harmonic and the ( ) 1
th
m+ harmonic and some contributions of
other harmonics. The obtained results are in concordance with the data of [210].
5. CONCLUSIONS
The coherence factor leads to essential changes in the radiation power
spectral distribution of two electrons.
The influence of the Doppler effect determines the bands boundaries of
separate harmonics in the radiation spectra of the two electron in a medium.
At higher harmonics the maxima in the spectral distribution of the
synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation are caused preferably by overlapping between
the m
th
and ( ) 1
th
m+ harmonics.
The synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation is an unified process.
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