PROBLEM 1.

45

KNOWN: Rod of prescribed diameter experiencing electrical dissipation from passage of electrical
current and convection under different air velocity conditions. See Example 1.3.

FIND: Rod temperature as a function of the electrical current for 0 I 10 A with convection
coefficients of 50, 100 and 250 W/m
2
K. Will variations in the surface emissivity have a significant
effect on the rod temperature?

SCHEMATIC:



ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Uniform rod temperature, (3) Radiation exchange
between the outer surface of the rod and the surroundings is between a small surface and large
enclosure.

ANALYSIS: The energy balance on the rod for steady-state conditions has the form,


conv rad gen
q q E + =



( )
( )
4 4 2
sur e
Dh T T D T T I R

+ =

Using this equation in the Workspace of IHT, the rod temperature is calculated and plotted as a
function of current for selected convection coefficients.



















COMMENTS: (1) For forced convection over the cylinder, the convection heat transfer coefficient is
dependent upon air velocity approximately as h ~ V
0.6
. Hence, to achieve a 5-fold change in the
convection coefficient (from 50 to 250 W/m
2
K), the air velocity must be changed by a factor of
nearly 15.

Continued ..
0 2 4 6 8 1 0
C u rren t, I (a m p e re s )
0
2 5
5 0
7 5
1 0 0
1 2 5
1 5 0
R
o
d

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,

T

(
C
)
h = 5 0 W/m ^2 .K
h = 1 0 0 W/m ^2 .K
h = 2 5 0 W/m ^2 .K
SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use.
PROBLEM 1.66

KNOWN: Hot-wall oven, in lieu of infrared lamps, with temperature T
sur
= 200C for heating a
coated plate to the cure temperature. See Example 1.6.

FIND: (a) The plate temperature T
s
for prescribed convection conditions and coating emissivity, and
(b) Calculate and plot T
s
as a function of T
sur
for the range 150 T
sur
250C for ambient air
temperatures of 20, 40 and 60C; identify conditions for which acceptable curing temperatures
between 100 and 110C may be maintained.

SCHEMATIC:



ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible heat loss from back surface of plate, (3)
Plate is small object in large isothermal surroundings (hot oven walls).

ANALYSIS: (a) The temperature of the plate can be determined from an energy balance on the plate,
considering radiation exchange with the hot oven walls and convection with the ambient air.

in out rad conv
E E 0 or q q 0 = =



( )
( )
4 4
sur s s
T T h T T 0

=
[ ]
( )
[ ] ( )
4 8 2 4 4 4 2
s s
0.5 5.67 10 W/ m K 200 273 T K 15W/ m K T 20 273 K 0

+ + =

s
T 357 K 84 C = = <

(b) Using the energy balance relation in the Workspace of IHT, the plate temperature can be calculated
and plotted as a function of oven wall temperature for selected ambient air temperatures.















COMMENTS: From the graph, acceptable cure temperatures between 100 and 110C can be
maintained for these conditions: with T

= 20C when 225 T

sur
240C; with T

= 40C when 205

T
sur
220C; and with T

= 60C when 175 T

sur
195C.
150 175 200 225 250
Oven wall temperature, Tsur (C)
50
100
150
P
l
a
t
e

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,

T
s

(
C
)
Tinf = 60 C
Tinf = 40 C
Tinf = 20 C
SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use.