1 Reflexes and

Reactions
2 Key Terminology
Reflexes
Newborn brain
Involuntary movements
Emergence of voluntary control
Myelination
Why important?
3 Muscle tone
Hypertonus
Hypotonus
4 Motor Skills
Ontogenetic
Phylogenetic
5 Principles of Motor
Development
Continuity
Uniform Sequence
6 Direction of
Movement
General-to-specific
Cephalocaudal direction
Proximodistal coordination
7 Bilateral to Cross-
Lateral Movement
Bilateral (4 months)
Unilateral (6 or 7 months)
Crosslateral (8 or 9 months)
Crosslateral (8 or 9 months)
8 Tonic Labyrinthine
(TLR)
Characteristics
Prone
Supine
Movement inhibited:
Age disappears (4 months)
9 Asymmetrical Tonic
Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Characteristics:
Movement inhibited:
Age disappears (4 months)
10 Symmetrical tonic
Neck Reflex (STNR)
Characteristics
Prone
Supine
Movement inhibited:
Age appears and disappears (appears 6-8 months and disappears around 9 months)
11 Hand Grasp Reflex
Characteristics:
Movement inhibited:
Age disappears (4 months)
12 Foot Grasp Reflex
Characteristics:
Movement inhibited:
Age disappears (9 months)
13 Moro Reflex
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Movement inhibited:
Age disappears (4 months)
14 Troublesome
Reflexes
ATNR
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Hand grasp reflex
15 Reactions
Ability to support body against pull of gravity
Play important role in balance and posture
Generally take over after reflexes are lost and persist throughout life
16 Righting Reactions
Head in Space:
Age appears (begins around 2-3 months)
Landau (superman!)
Age appears (begins around 3 months)
Body derotative
Age appears (4 months)
17 Righting Reactions,
cont.
Body Derotative:
Age appears (4 months)
18 Parachute Reactions
General description
Downward (4 months)
Sideways (6-8)
Forwards (7)
Downward (4 months)
Sideways (6-8)
Forwards (7)
Backwards (9)
19 Tilting Reaction
Characteristics:
Age appears (begins at 6 months)
20
21 Reflexes: Guest
Speaker Alexis
Moore!
Tonic labyrinthine: flexor tone dominates
ATNR (4 months)
Hand grasp
Foot grasp
Moro
Head in space: body tries to center itself (2 months)
Landau (3 months)
Downward parachute: legs first (4 months)
Forward parachute: head first (7 months)
22 Images
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Stick_Figure.svg/170px-Stick_Figure.svg.png
http://www.besttoddlerbike.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/toddler-bike-boy.jpg
http://manbicep.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/crawling_baby_250px1.gif
http://www.practicingparents.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/stages.jpg