SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE

LINK BUDGET FOR MACROCELLULAR UMTS FDD

NETWORK
SCOPE
This document provides a link budget or the design o T-Mobile !"#s
!MTS $%% macrocell radio net&ork' ( traditional uplink calculates the
ma)imum path loss or dierent uplink bearers' The uplink values are
then used to estimate the supportable bearer data rates on the
do&nlink'
PURPOSE
This document should be used in cell planning in order to do high level
cellular net&ork design based upon cell range* or or speci+ing signal
level thresholds in detailed cell planning' It can also be used to
determine the eects o dierent base station conigurations'
,lease E-Mail the -orporate
Librar+ or urther inormation
about this document
DOCUMENT REFERENCE: T-Mobile/CDOC/
OWNED BY : Peter Stevens
ISSUE: 0!
D"TE : !! M#$% &00&
T-MOBILE CORPORATE LIBRARY
THIS DOCUMENT WHEN PRINTED
WILL BE
DEEMED AS UNCONTROLLED
Printed fro! EDMS"WEBSITE
Turning Information Into Knowledge
. /01/2133 T-Mobile $O4 -O4,O4(TE LIB4(45 !SE ONL5
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
DOCUMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS
S-O,E
3
,!4,OSE
3
#$ INTRODUCTION
%
3'3 OVE4VIE6
7
3'8 M(9IM!M ,(T: LOSS %E$INITIONS
7
&$ UPLINK LINK BUDGET PARAMETERS
'
8'3 !E M(9IM!M O!T,!T ,O6E4
;
8'8 !E (NTENN( <(IN
;
8'= NO%E B Eb1No
;
8'= NO%E B NOISE $I<!4E
3/
8'7 IN$O4M(TION 4(TE
3/
8'0 !,LIN" ,O6E4 -ONT4OL :E(%4OOM
33
8'; B(SE ST(TION 49 LOSSES
33
8'> B(SE ST(TION (NTENN( <(IN
38
8'2 !,LIN" S:O -OMBININ< <(IN
38
8'? S:O SLO6 $(%IN< M(4<IN 4E%!-TION
3=
8'3/ INTE4$E4EN-E M(4<IN
37
8'33 BO%5 LOSS
30
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e & o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
8'38 SL(NT LOSS
30
($ DOWNLINK PARAMETERS
#)
='3 NO%E B M(9IM!M -(44IE4 ,O6E4
32
='8 -(44IE4 LO(%IN<
32
='= M(9IM!M $4(-TION(L ,O6E4 $O4 ,(-"ET !SE4
32
='7 B(SE ST(TION T9 LOSSES
3?
='0 %O6NLIN" SL(NT LOSS
8/
='; :I<:E4 $4EA!EN-5 (%%ITION(L ,(T: LOSS
8/
='> !E NOISE $I<!4E
8/
='2 NON-O4T:O<ON(LIT5
83
='? OT:E4 TO O6N -ELL -(44IE4 ,O6E4 4(TIO
88
='3/ !E %O6NLIN" EB1NO
88
='7 %O6NLIN" ,O6E4 -ONT4OL :E(%4OOM
87
='38 %O6NLIN" S:O -OMBININ< <(IN
80
LINK BUDGET RESULTS
&'
7'3 !,LIN" LIN" B!%<ET
8;
7'8 M(9IM!M %O6NLIN" ,(-"ET BE(4E4 4(TE (T !,LIN" LIMIT
8>
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e * o) Issue@ /'3
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APPENDI* A - EB"NO DEFINITIONS AND RELATED FACTORS POWER-
CONTROL +T*-POWER-INCREASE AND POWER-CONTROL-HEADROOM
&)
('3INT4O%!-TION
82
('84E-EIVE% EB1NO
82
('= T4(NSMITTE% EB1NO
82
('7 ,O6E4 -ONT4OL T9 ,O6E4 IN-4E(SE
8?
('0 ,O6E4 -ONT4OL :E(%4OOM
8?
('; SIM!L(TION 4ES!LTS
=/
DOCUMENT HISTORY
(#
%O-!MENT :ISTO45
ATTACHMENTS$
List an+ attachments to this document here'
REFERENCES$
3' BT+pical dimensioning parameters#* (,2 rom TMO C Nokia 4adio ,erormance
6orkshop* 321/;1/3'
8' B-EM (lpha perormance vs' realistic proiles#* Dules Vidal ENortelF* presentation to
TMO-Nortel 4adio ,erormance 6orkshop
=' Bma)'mobil' Siemens 6orkshop 8//3-38-8/#
7' BNode B s+stem description#* Nokia contract document agreed 8 October'
0' B6-%M( Masthead (mpliierEM:(F ,roduct %escription#* Nokia !ser Manual *
DN0114715, issue 1-0 en.
;' B4(N s+stem description# Nortel contract document* 3;121/3'
>' ,resentation to TMO-Nokia link budget meeting* !"* 38181/8'
2' Minutes E&ith action response LB3F o TMO-Nokia link budget meeting* !"* 38181/8
?' B6-%M( link perormance indicators* simulator principle and and e)amples# "ari
Sipila ENokiaF* NET1IMN16N,1NS4* v /'3'/'
3/' B6-%M( link budget#* Dussi 4eunanen ENokiaF* 3313818///'
33' B6-%M( or !MTS#* :olma G Toskala* 6ile+* 8///'
38' B4esults on the peak to average po&er eect on coverage#* Ericsson* ETSI SM<8
!MTS-L3 7?/1?2* Oct' 3??2'
3=' !MTS uplink link budget#* Duan ,edro BeniteH* Nortel-TMO 4adio
,lanning1,erormance &orkshop* 8?1331/3
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e + o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
37' BLink budget or a personal communication net&ork#*
Mo8o*1-%O-1,8'81"N<14E,T1=80=* "en Ng* Issue 3'/* ;1?1?0'
30' B-omparison o the perormance bet&een verticall+ polarised and cross polar
antennas#* Brian 6illiams* One8one1-%O-1;/=8* Issue 8'/* 83 September 8///'
3;' B-ross polarised antenna results#* 6olgang Stoermer* T-Mobil'
3>' B6-%M( radio access net&ork 4$ dimensioning guidelines#* EEM1T<1N-??@//78*
21381??'
32' B,o&er %ivider !nit E6,%F description#* %N/30;/=* %4($T 3* Nokia'
3?' B%eault po&er settings or common %L channels in 6-%M( 4(N3- 3'0#* "ari Sipila*
Nokia presentation to TMO radio perormance &orkshop* 321/;18//3
8/' BNokia !ltraSite 6-%M( (ntenna S+stem ,roduct Overvie&#* %N//=/?2/?'
83' ETSI TS <SM /='=/'
88' BNokia 6-%M( $%% BTS 4$ ,erormance#* Mikko Siira* 30181/3'
8=' B4TT 4evision C ,erormance results#* ETSI SM<8 =031?2'
#$ INTRODUCTION
#$# O,ER,IEW
The limited po&er at the terminal restricts uplink bearer rates to be
lo&er than those possible on the do&nlink' On the do&nlink* ,( po&er
is shared* and b+ allocating user a large raction o the total carrier
po&er it is possible to support high data rates even at the cell edge'
This sharing o po&er makes the do&nlink link budget more elastic
than the uplink'
It is thereore proposed to base cell planning or macrocells on uplink
bearer reIuirements' The uplink part o the link budget calculates the
ma)imum path loss supportable bet&een base station and terminal* or
a range o dierent bearer rates' The parameters associated &ith this
uplink calculation are discussed in detail in section 8'
:o&ever* it is nevertheless important to understand the net&orks#
do&nlink capabilit+' The path losses provided b+ the uplink link budget
are used to estimate a supportable bearer rate on the do&nlink at the
cell edge as deined b+ the uplink'
Section 3'8 discusses the ma)imum path loss deinitions including the
output o the uplink link budget'
Section 8 proposes parameters values to be used in the uplink link
budget'
Section = proposes parameter values to be used in the do&nlink section
o the link budget'
Section 7 provides link budget tables taken rom an E)cel spreadsheet'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e , o) Issue@ /'3
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(ppendi) ( describes in more detail various parameter associated &ith
Eb1No'
It should be noted that i the above approach is also utilised or mini-
and micro- base stations &ith limited do&nlink po&er* it &ill impl+ an
inconsistent level o service in dierent t+pes o cell' The link budget'
#$& MA*IMUM PATH LOSS DEFINITIONS
It is important to deine clearl+ the result o the uplink link budget so
that its application is consistent &ith its calculation'
The intent o this link budget is to include technolog+ and bearer-
dependent actors &ithin the calculation* but e)clude more commercial
actors relating to probabilit+ o coverage and in-building penetration'
The latter eects ma+ var+ orm net&ork to net&ork* &hereas the
ormer should sta+ the same'
The ma)imum path loss Eless bod+1slant lossF output o the link budget
is thereore deined as the ma)imum propagation loss in the uplink
band bet&een Bclosest# base station and terminal on boresight* as
measured b+ placing / dBi vertical antennas at the locations o the
base station antenna and terminal'
6ith this deinition the bod+ loss and slant loss do not orm part o the
ma)imum propagation loss* and thereore it is important that actors
or these are part o the link budget calculation'
$or the calculation o a cell range or an outdoor signal level rom the
ma)imum path loss one must reduce the ma)imum path loss b+ the
building penetration loss and total shado& ading margin to calculate a
reIuired outdoor mean path loss1signal level' It is assumed that the
propagation loss model does not include a slant loss actor'
Note that macro-diversit+ or sot handover combining gains are added
&ithin the link budget calculation as technolog+ actors* on the
assumption that in most cell edge situation there is the possibilit+ o
several cells providing service' (n+ shado& ading margin applied in
calculating a cell range or outdoor signal level threshold should
thereore assume a single serving cell'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e - o) Issue@ /'3
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Fi-.re #$&$# - Illustration o link budget path loss terms

&$ UPLINK LINK BUDGET PARAMETERS
&$# UE MA*IMUM OUTPUT POWER
$our !E categories are deined in the =<,, Standard in TS 80'3/3' The
reIuired output po&er o the various terminal t+pes is given in the
ollo&ing table@
UE
/0te-or1
Noin02
M03i.
O.t4.t
Po5er
6dB7
To2er0n/e
6dB7
3 == J31-=
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e . o) Issue@ /'3
-Body loss
-Slant loss
-Antenna gain
-RX/TX losses
(jumpers, etc)
-Penetration loss
-Slow ading/penetration
margins (single cell)
!a"imum pat# loss less $ody/slant loss
%utdoor pat# loss
!a"imum pat# loss including $ody/slant loss
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
8 8> J31-=
= 87 J31-=
7 83 8
Table 2.1.1 : Maximum output power of various UE categories
The 4$I responses rom terminal manuacturers suggests that terminals
&ith ma)imum output po&er o both 83 dBm and 87 dBm are under
development' The maKorit+ are planning to provide the 83 dBm class'
It has been noticed that some manuacturers o 8< phones take
advantage o the tolerance range to design phones &ith a lo&er output
po&er than the nominal output level' :o&ever* it is not proposed to
plan or a average shortall in !E output po&er rom the nominal value
until more measurements are available'
A UE maximum output power of 21 dBm is recommended.
&$& UE ANTENNA GAIN
There is a possibilit+ that some data terminals &ill have directional
antennas &ith positive antenna gain' :o&ever* this cannot be relied on
or most terminals* and hence no antenna gain is assumed'
A UE antenna gain of 0 dBi is recommended.

&$( NODE B E8"No
Eb1No is a receiver perormance metric given b+ the ratio o received
energ+ per bit to noise densit+ at the point &hich receiver is Kust able to
decode the received signal &ith the reIuired Iualit+ Et+picall+ $E4F'
Eb1No depends on the service* the velocit+ o the !E* and the degree o
multipath'
The node B Eb1No igures given here assume the use o diversit+ in the
node B* &ith Eb deined as the energ+ per bit per receiver branch'
There are no measurement results available at this time* and thereore
Eb1No values are derived rom supplier simulation results and
speciication values' It is assume that ast po&er control is being used'
The po&er control headroom actor is used to compensate or the act
that !E at cell edge &ill have a capped ma)imum po&er'
( series o TMO &orkshops &as held &ith TMO#s preerred suppliers in
order to obtain perormance data or !MTS net&ork design' The
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e / o) Issue@ /'3
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ollo&ing tables summarise the uplink Eb1No values or pedestrian L
=km1h and vehicular L38/km1h mobiles or dierent bearers M3*8*=N'
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
No:i0 Norte2 Sieen
;
(M4 Voice 38'8 7'/ ;'= ='=
-ircuit ;7 8'/ 7'2 8'8
-ircuit 382 3'0 7'7 3'2
-ircuit =27 - 7'8 /';
,acket ;7 8'/ ='8 3'7
,acket 382 3'0 8'2 3'3
,acket =27 3'/ 8'; /'8
Table 2.3.1: Supplier Uplink (NodeB) Eb/N0 Values [dB] for 3 km/h users
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
No:i0 Norte2 Sieen
;
(M4 Voice 38'8 0'/ ;'7 ;'3
-ircuit ;7 - 7'? ='2
-ircuit 382 - 7'7 8'?
-ircuit =27 - ='? 8'>
,acket ;7 ='= 8'? =';
,acket 382 ='/ 8'; 8'?
,acket =27 8'/ 8'= 8'=
Table 2.3.2: Supplier Uplink (NodeB) Eb/N0 Values [dB] for 120 km/h users
A;;.4tion
;!

Nokia Voice 8/ ms Interl'* -S data 7/ ms Interl'* BLE4 3O ,-data 3/ ms Interl' BLE4 3/O'
Nortel AoS@ ,Sdata <lobal 4BLE4 3/P-3* Voice BE4 3/
-=
* -S BE4 3/
-;
* 3 dB implementation margin
or :61S6 implementation*
Siemens AoS@ Voice -oded BE4Q 3/P-= or Voice* BE4Q 3/P-; or L-%* BLE4Q3/O* Voice and -S
-onvolutional -oding* ,O Turbo -oding* no implementation margin
%ue to the small dierences in the Eb1No values or 382 kbps and
377 kbps* it is assumed that values or 382 kbps can be substituted
&ith values or 377 kbps and vice versa'
The dierences bet&een the supplier#s igure can be e)plained b+
dierences in the simulation assumptions' $or instance Nortel* unlike
Nokia* includes the overhead o the ='7 kbps associated signalling radio
bearer ES4BF* and includes a 3 dB implementation margin'
One urther source o Eb1No perormance igures is the =<,,
speciications' The table belo& sho&s the uplink Eb1No perormance
reIuired b+ =<,, 80'3/7 or the = propagation cases or &hich
perormance results are provided'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e 0 o) Issue@ /'3
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Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
C0;e # C0;e & C0;e (
(M4 Voice 38'8 33'? ? >'8
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
;7 ?'8 ;'7 ='2
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
377
E382F
2'7 0'; 8'>
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
=27 2'2 ;'3 ='3
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
;7 ;'8 7'= ='7
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
377
E382F
0'7 ='> 8'2
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
=27 0'2 7'3 ='8
Table 2.3.3: 3GPP Uplink (NodeB) Eb/N0 Values [dB]
The multipath propagation model cases used b+ =<,, or the above are
summarised in the table belo&' -ase 3 has one dominant 4a+leigh
aded component' -ase 8 has = eIual po&er paths &ith ver+ large
dela+ spread' -ase = has the most t+pical urban1suburban multipath
proile* but unortunatel+ the results are onl+ applicable or high speed'
Case 1, speed 3km/h Case 2, speed 3 km/h Case 3, 120 km/h
Relative Delay
[ns]
Average P!er
[d"]
Relative Delay
[ns]
Average P!er [d"] Relative
Delay [ns]
Average
P!er [d"]
0 0 0 0 0 0
976 -10 976 0 260 -3
20000 0 521 -6
781 -9
T082e 2.3.#! =<,, propagation model cases
It can be seen that the =<,, Eb1No values are signiicantl+ higher than
the values provided b+ the vendors* particularl+ or case 3 and case 8'
One reason or that is that the =<,, values are based on simulations
&ithout po&er control' To airl+ compare them &ith the vendor values*
the po&er control headroom should be subtracted in the =km1h
multipath case 3 and case 8 igure'
Most o the rest o the dierence can be attributed to the suppliers
ensuring a large implementation margin is included in the speciication
or perormance commitments' 6ith the e)ception o Nortel* supplier
have not commited to their o&n recommended values'
The available sources assume a variet+ o Iualit+ measures or circuit
s&itched data' It is not considered &orth&hile to design to a ver+
stringent Iualit+ reIuirement or circuit s&itched data at cell edge* as
the marketing interest in the circuit s&itched services is not ver+ great'
Thereore &e take a BLE4 o 3O as the cell edge design target or link
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !0 o) Issue@ /'3
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budget purposes' -loser to the centre o the cell this not prevent a
more stringent target being applied to po&er control'
To obtain TMO recommended Eb1No igures the vendor and =<,,
igures have been combined b+ taking a &eighted mean o
compensated igures' The compensations applied &ere as ollo&s'
3' To =<,,* Nokia Mand SiemensN igures* overheads or supporting
the S4B &ere added as sho&n in the table belo&* derived rom the
ratio bet&een the S4B and the bearer inormation rate'
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0 R0te
6:84;7
SRB
o9er<e0d
6dB7
(M4 Voice 38'8 3'3
-ircuit ;7 /'8
-ircuit 377 E382F /'3
-ircuit =27 /
,acket ;7 /'8
,acket 377 E382F /'3
,acket =27 /
T082e 2.3.$! S4B overhead or dierent bearers
8' To the Nokia and Siemens igures a 3 dB implementation margin
&as added'
=' To the =<,, igures* the po&er control headroom as given in table
8'8'3 &as subtracted'
7' To appl+ the most realistic =<,, case = igures to the =km1h
value * a reduction o 3'3 dB &as applied to account or improved
po&er control perormance at reduced speed' This igure &as
obtained b+ averaging the dierence bet&een the supplier#s Eb1No
igures or the t&o speeds selected'
The &eightings applied or the pedestrian L =km1h case &ere as
ollo&s@
So.r/e Wei-<
tin-
Nokia 8/O
Nortel 8/O
Siemens 8/O
=<,, -ase = 8/O
=<,, -ase 3 3/O
=<,, -ase 8 3/O
T082e 2.3.%! 6eighting applied or calculation o uplink =km1h Eb1No
After 4erforin- t<e 5ei-<ted e0n /02/.20tion t<e
re/oended 902.e for .42in: E8"No 0re 0; fo22o5;!
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
( :"< #&=
:"<
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !! o) Issue@ /'3
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6:84;7
(M4 Voice 38'8 ;'? >'>
-ircuit ;7 7'3 7'0
-ircuit 382137
7
='= =';
-ircuit =27 ='3 ='7
,acket ;7 ='8 ='?
,acket 382137
7
8'; ='=
,acket =27 8'7 ='/
T082e 2.3.&! 4ecommended !plink ENodeBF Eb1N/ Values MdBN
&$( NODE B NOISE FIGURE
The table belo& sho&s receiver noise perormance or the dierent
vendors'
Noi;e
Fi-.re 6dB7
No:i0 Norte2 Siee
n;
NodeB E&1o
TM(F
=
3
8'8
8
0
NodeB E&ith
TM(F
8'0
=
8'/
7
=
Table 2.1.1
The overall Node B noise igure can generall+ be reduced b+ the use o
TM(' 6ith a TM(* the reerence point or s+stem noise igure and hence
receiver sensitivit+ is moved rom the top o the node B cabinet to the
input to the TM('
In the case o the Nortel igures* the guaranteed BTS noise igure is
similar to the guaranteed M:( noise igure* so a slight degradation is
seen' :o&ever* the M:( t+pical noise igure is onl+ 3'; dB* so some
urther improvement in the TM( igure might be e)pected'
The recommended node B noise figure is dependent on the use
of TMAs as shown in the following table.
Node B Noi;e
Fi-.re 6dB7
NodeB E&1o TM(F ='0
NodeB E&ith
TM(F
8'0
3 -alculated rom static sensitivit+ and Eb1No data provided in Node B s+stem
description M7N'
2 Contract features and requirements, see annex, feature number 23470.
= -alculated using $riss# eIualtion &ith TM( N$ o 8 dB* TM( gain o 38 dB M0N* and cable
loss o = dB'
7 -alculated using $riss# eIuation &ith TM( t+pical N$ o 3'; dB* TM( gain o 38 dB M;N*
and cable loss o = dB' TM( guaranteed noise igure o 8db eIuates to 8'7 dB s+stem
noise igure
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !& o) Issue@ /'3
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T082e &$($# Re/oended 902.e; for node B noi;e fi-.re
&$% INFORMATION RATE
This is the bearer inormation rate provided b+ the 4L- la+er to the
upper la+ers'
&$> UPLINK POWER CONTROL HEADROOM
This component o the link budget arises because the Eb1No values
used &ithin the link budget are receiver Eb1No values &hich assume
po&er control can counter the eects o 4a+leigh ading' In realit+ at
the cell edge* the transmitted po&er is capped b+ the ma)imum output
po&er'
$urther description o this actor can be ound in appendi) ('
The po&er control headroom is dependent upon the t+pe o bearer
Enotabl+ reIuired BLE41Iualit+F* the speed o the !E and the amount o
multipath' The values recommended belo& are derived rom published
Ericsson results or ,edestrian B E(ppendi) (* section (;F'
Nokia appl+ a po&er control headroom Ealso called ast ast marginF o
= dB or = km1h in their link budget M>N' This is derived rom simulation
results or Vehicular ( M2N* but the BLE4 is unkno&n' Nortel do not
inlude such a parameter'
A uplin power control headroom is recommended as follows!
Po5er Contro2 He0droo
Terin02 S4eed Cir/.it P0/:et
/ km1h 8 dB /'? dB
38/ km1h / /
Fi-.re &$&$# 4ecommended values or !L po&er control headroom
&$' BASE STATION R* LOSSES
This parameter needs to cover the total losses bet&een the connector
o the antenna and the point at &hich the noise igure is reerenced'
$or a Node B &ithout TM(* the reerence point is the connector on top
o the Node B cabinet' The total loss is made up o the main eeder
loss* the connector losses and the Kumper loss' The main eeder loss is
dependent upon the length and t+pe o cable used'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !* o) Issue@ /'3
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Cro;;-;e/tion Atten.0tion
6dB"#==7
RS :ighle) 3>'/
RS EL%$70/F 33'0
>
1
2
S EL%$00/F ;'>
3 TS EL%$;0/F 7'2
3
0
1
2
S EL%$>0/F 7'8
8 TS EL%$380/F ='2
T082e &$%$#@ T+pical values or cable attenuation
$or a Node B &ith TM( the reerence point is the receiver input to the
TM(' The total loss is made up o connector losses and Kumper loss'
"t is recommended that the following base station #$ losses
%alues are used.
R* 2o;;e;
?dB@
NodeB E&1o TM(F 8'0
NodeB E&ith TM(F /'0
T082e &$%$& @ 4ecommended values or base station 49 losses
&$A BASE STATION ANTENNA GAIN
The planned antenna or =< deplo+ment is the "athrein >78 838
multiband adKustable electrical do&ntilt cross polar antenna' This
antenna provides a boresight gain o 32 dBi in the reIuenc+ range
3?8/-83>/ M:H'
A node B antenna gain of 1& dBi is recommended.
&$) UPLINK SHO COMBINING GAIN
The total gains arising rom sot handover can be considered to be
made up o t&o components@ sot handover ES:OF combining gain and
the S:O ading margin reduction'
The S:O combining gain is deined as the reduction in transmitted
po&er in a sot handover state compared to the po&er reIuired to
connect to the Bclosest# o the cells &ithout sot handover' It is assumed
that sot rather than soter handover is applied at the cell edge' Sot
handover means that selection combining is done at the 4N-* &hich is
less eective than soter handover &here ma)imum ratio combining
can be perormed b+ the node B' The uplink S:O combining gain arises
rom the diversit+ beneit in counteracting ast ading eects'
The gain depends upon the dierence in path loss &ith the t&o serving
base stations' Nokia simulations M2* ?* 3/ Eig ?'88FN sho& a gain o about
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !+ o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
3'0 dB or eIual path loss* alling to /'0 dB or a =dB dierence and
then / dB at ;dB dierence' These simulations results assume ast
po&er control is operating'
(t the cell-edge* sot handover has the urther beneit o reducing the
po&er control headroom because o the increased diversit+' In
Ericsson#s simulations &ith no po&er control or ,edestrian B at = km1h
M33N* the reduction in transmit po&er is 8'= dB or eIual path losses and
/'?dB or a = dB dierence in path loss bet&een the serving base
stations'
Nokia* despite the simulation results described above* recommend an
uplink S:O combining gain EM%- gainF o / dB M3*?N'
Sot handover &ill provide some combining beneit in man+ cell edge
situations* and thereore a small positive gain seems to be Kustiied' In
selecting a value or this parameter* a relativel+ cautious value is
chosen since there shall al&a+s be man+ locations Ee'g' deep in-
buildingF &ith a single dominant server &here the application o a large
S:O gain is not appropriate'
A uplin '() combining gain of 0.* dB is recommended.
&$B SHO SLOW FADING MARGIN REDUCTION
(s mentioned in the previous section* the sot handover beneit can be
split into t&o parts* an S:O combining gain and a reduction in the slo&
ading margin'
The slo& ading here encompasses both the outdoor slo& ading* the
variation in penetration loss rom building to building and the variation
in signal &ithin the building b+ local shado&ing' It is assumed
governed b+ <aussian statistics' The slo& ading margin reduction
arises &hen there are t&o potential serving cells' The slo& ading
margin reIuired can be reduced i onl+ the better o t&o <aussian
random variables needs to e)ceed a given level &ith a certain
probabilit+* than is the case or a single variable o the same standard
deviation'
This ading margin reduction can also be obtained in <SM* but is not as
great or <SM because a h+steresis is generall+ applied &hich lo&ers
the conidence o being connected to the better server'
The ading margin reduction can be calculated relativel+ easil+ or the
cell-edge case &hen the slo& ading is uncorrellated rom cell to cell'
$or eIual signals &ith a standard deviation o > dB* the gain is about ;
dB' 6ith a dierence o ='0 dB* this drops to about 7'0 dB'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !, o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
To obtain an area probabilit+* an integration over the cell area is
reIuired' Nokia estimate the gain in the uncorrellated area integration
case to be 0'3 dB'
!nortunatel+* slo& ading o receive signals rom t&o cell is oten
correllated* and this reduces the gain' To understand this better*
consider an in-building user near a cell border' I he is deep &ithin a
building* then it likel+ that the signals rom both local cells are
substantiall+ attenuated' :o&ever i the user is situated on the
opposite side o a building rom one cell and thereore suers high slo&
ading attenuation* it is Iuite probable that the other serving cell is
pointing at that side o the
building so is not so strongl+ attenuated' The correlation in this case is
less and could even be negativeU
$or correllated ading* Nokia use a BViterbi# method to calculate slo&
ading margin reduction' The gain is reduced to ='= dB M>N' In their link
budget a igure o 8 dB is used M>N'
Nortel have also provided a similar calculation o S:O slo& ading
margin reduction or the correllated case M3=N' The results are sho&n in
the table belo&'
O.tdoor
9e<i/.20r
O.tdoor
to indoor
;.8.r80n
Den;e
.r80n".r
80n
(rea reliabilit+ ?7O ?7O ?7O
Standard deviation
EdBF
3/'8 2'? 2
Shado& margin EdBF ?'? 2'3 ;'?
S:O slo& ading
marging reduction EdBF
8'? ='0 ='3
T082e &$B$# Nortel results or slo& ading margin reduction
In selecting values or the handover gains* a cautious value is chosen
since there shall al&a+s be man+ locations &ith a single dominant
server &here the application o a large S:O gain is not appropriate'
A '() slow fading margin reduction of 2 dB is recommended.
&$#= INTERFERENCE MARGIN
The uplink intererence margin deines the allo&able uplink noise rise
seen in at the base station'
The instantaneous noise rise can be related to loading Eraction o pole
capacit+*
!L
F b+ the simple eIuation M?
eI' ?'8
N'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !- o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE

UL
dB rise Noise

=
1
1
o! 10 " # $
This eIualtion is plotted in igure belo&'
Fi-.re &$#=$# -lassical relation bet&een uplink loading and noise rise
( high noise rise* also kno&n as the cell-breathing eect* is undesirable
as it signiies a unstable service area' ( noise rise limit o = dB is
recommended as a long term planning assumption* &hich eIuates to
0/O loading'
In the short term ho&ever* a lo&er noise rise limit ma+be assumed in
order relect the lo& traic levels e)pected in the earl+ net&ork' (n
initial planning load o =/O* or 3'0 dB noise rise has been proposed'
It should be noted that utilisation o such a lo& noise rise ma+ limit the
use o high speed uplink bearers' This is especiall+ true or a =27 kbps
bearer &hich is estimated to add a ==O load to cell
0
* e)ceeding the
total noise rise limits'
A interference margin of + dB is recommended in the long
term. "n the short term a %alue of 1.* dB ma, be used.
&$##BODY LOSS
The bod+ loss arises rom the use o the !E close to the bod+ or other
obKects in close pro)imit+' In practice* it shall depend upon the t+pe o
terminal and the &a+ it is used'
It is assumed that the speech service is carried on a handheld terminal
held against the head' $or the speech service* the same bod+ loss as
used b+ T-Mobile !" in their 8< link budget M37N'
The use o a !E or data services t+picall+ means that the !E ma+
placed some distance rom the bod+ &ith a resultant lo&er bod+ loss'
Nevertheless* the !E ma+ still be attached to the bod+ o the user* or
suer some additional loss rom being placed on urniture' It is
thereore recommended that a residual bod+ loss is included in the link
budget or data services' ( 8 dB loss in this case is proposed'
The value used &ithin the vendor link budgets are sho&n belo&' The
values o = dB EvoiceF and / dB EdataF used b+ most vendors seems to
derive rom values used in the IT! !MTS technolog+ evaluation'
0 (ssumes a Eb1No o 8'? dB* iQ/'>'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !. o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
No:i0 Norte2 Sieen
;
Voice ='/ ='/ ='/
%ata /'/ 3'/ /'/
Table 2.11.1: Supplier values for body loss.
T<e re/oended 8od1 2o;; 902.e; 0re 0; -i9en in t<e t082e
8e2o5$
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
Bod1
Lo;;
6dB7
Voice 0'/
%ata 8'/
T082e &$##$&@ Re/oended 902.e; for 8od1 2o;;$
&$#& SLANT LOSS
-urrent plans or =< antenna deplo+ment assume the use o cross
polarised antennas'
The use o cross polarised antennas is e)pected to degrade link budget
perormance &hen compared to verticall+ polarised antennas'
T Mobile !" has perormed measurements comparing the use o cross
polar base station antennas &ith verticall+ polarised antennas in
drivearound tests M30N or its 32// M:H <SM net&ork' The indings
sho& that the dierence in perormance &ith verticall+ polarised base
station antennas is ver+ dependent upon the relative orientation o the
mobile antenna* and particularl+ so in more open environments' 6hen
the base station and mobile antenna orientations align* a small gain o
3'? dB &as seen compared to the use o verticall+ polarised base
station antennas' :o&ever &hen the mobile antenna is perpendicular
to orientation o base station antenna* a loss o up to 3;'; dB &as seen'
In suburban or urban areas* the dependenc+ on the mobile antenna
orientation &as less marked and a loss o 3'31/'> &as seen in the
suburban1urban cases &hen mobile and base station antennas &ere
aligned* and a loss o 8'718'; dB seen &hen antennas &ere
perpendicular'
$urther evidence o a slant loss arises rom traic reductions seen in
live sites &hose verticall+ polarised antennas have been s&apped or
cross polarised one in capacit+ upgrade'
In the built-up areas* the slant can be e)plained b+ the iltering eect o
relections rom vertical suraces &hich tend to depress the horiHontal
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !/ o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
component o the signal compared the vertical one' Transmitting on a
slant thereore reduces the amount o po&er carried on the dominant
verticall+-polarised path'
T-Mobil have also made cross-polar vs' verticall+ polarised antenna
perormance measurements or <SM at ?// M:H M3;N' In drivearound
tests the results dier or a roo-mounted verticall+ polarised mobile
antenna and an in-car antenna' ( signiicant degradation is seen in the
case o a roo antenna* but the degradation &as not signiicant in the
measurements done &ith the in-car antenna' In urther measurements
collected b+ (-bis interace logging* the average signal level appears to
drop b+ appro)imatel+ 8'0 dB &ith cross polar antennas'
In the table belo& &e sho& the recommendations o various other
suppliers &ith respect to their assumed slant losses'
Co40n1 S20nt 2o;;
?dB@
Referen/e
Ericsson 3'0 M32N
Nortel 3'0 M38N
BT -ellnet
E-helseaF
3'0
"athrein 8
-S( 8
Nokia -
T082e &$#&$# Slant loss recommendations rom suppliers
A slant loss of 2 dBi is recommended.

T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e !0 o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
($ DOWNLINK PARAMETERS
($# NODE B MA*IMUM CARRIER POWER
This is the ma)imum output po&er per carrier'
Nokia oers t&o t+pes o po&er ampliier &ith output po&ers o 8/6
and 7/6' In addition the+ oer a rollout coniguration E4O-F &hich
splits the transmittted signal over = antennas* also called Bomni
transmit sector receive# EOTS4F'
S### OTSR"ROC
8/6 ,( 7= dBm M-/* J8N
=>'> dBm
;
7/6 ,( 7; dBm M-/* J8N 7/'> dBm
Fi-.re ($#$# Nokia Node B output po&er
It is currentl+ assumed that 7/6 ,(s &ill be used to ma)imise cell-edge
bearer rates'
A node B maximum carrier power appropriate to the -ode B
t,pe deplo,ed should be used. ./ dBm is recommended for the
preferred .00 1As.
($& CARRIER LOADING
This parameter deines the loading o the carrier po&er b+ all channels
supported b+ the carrier over the period that a high bearer rate packet
channel is utilised' The parameter is needed in order to calculate the
level o intracell intererence at the receiver'
( high loading level is selected in order to ma)imise the available
po&er or the high speed packet bearers' ( 3/O headroom is assumed
to support a variation in po&er through a slot' One e)ample o such a
variation is the multiple)ing o the S-:3GS-:8 channels &ith the ,-
--,-: channels' I there is a dierence in po&er levels allocated to
these groups o channels* the po&er is discontinuous through the slot'
In the pre-optimised net&ork* Nokia recommend M3?N that S-:3GS-:8
are each allocated 0O o do&nlink po&er* and ,---,-: is allocated
='8O' The ,---,-: takes up ?/O o the slot' This gives a average
loading o ='7O* but rising ;';O above this value in the irst 80; chips
o the slot'
A carrier loading le%el of 203 is recommended.
; 0'= dB splitter insertion loss M32N
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &0 o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
($( MA*IMUM FRACTIONAL POWER FOR PACKET USER
This parameter indicates the ma)imum raction o the ma)imum node
B carrier po&er that can be allocated to one high data rate packet user'
The available po&er or such a user is eIual to the planned carrier
loading less the po&er reIuired or common channels and po&er
reIuired or the non-controllable traic' It is assumed that one user can
use all o the po&er allocated to controllable N4T packet users' 6hen
there is more than one user* the ractional po&er per user is reduced
and the bearer rate is reduced b+ the packet scheduler'
Nokia have made made some proposals or the po&ers allocated to the
various do&nlink channels in earl+ deplo+ment M3?N' (nother source o
settings or these channel po&ers are the =<,, test speciication
80'3== and =7'3/2' Nokia and =<,, values are compared in the table
belo&'
Coon /ontro2
/<0nne2
Fr0/tion02 Po5er
No:i0 902.e (GPP 902.e
-,I-: 3/O 3/O
S-:3 0O ='8O
S-:8 0O ='8O
(I-: 3';O ='8O
,I-: 3';O ='8O
,---,-: ='8O ;'=O
S---,-: ES$Q;7F 38';O ;'=O
Tot02 ?0;;.in-
09er0-ed SCH C
PDCCPCH@
&B$&E &)$AE
Fi-.re ($($# $raction o po&er used or common control channels
It is likel+ that the raction o po&er &ill be reduced as a result o
optimisation'
$or the purposes o determining an appropriate raction o po&er
available or N4T high speed packet users* &e assume that initiall+ =/O
o ma)imum carrier po&er is allocated to the control channels* &ith a
likel+ improvement to 8/O over time' (ssuming the 4T traic utilises
30O o available carrier po&er initiall+* rising to 80O &ith the lo&er
common channel po&er* this leaves 70O o po&er or the N4T users'
This is summarised in the table belo&'
Initi02 O4tii;ed
-ommon channels =/O 8/O
Non-controllable 4T
traic
30O 80O
NRT tr#))i1 +,2 +,2
Tot02 B=E B=E
Fi-.re ($($& (llocation o po&er bet&een dierent t+pes o channels
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &! o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
A maximum fractional power for pacet user of .*3 is
recommended.
($% BASE STATION T* LOSSES
The do&nlink T9 losses should include all losses bet&een the node B
output connector and the connector on the antenna' It should include
all connector losses* eeder losses* TM( insertion losses and Kumper
cable losses'
The table belo& sho&s the M:( insertion losses or Nokia and Nortel'
No:i0 Norte2
TM( insertion loss
/'= dB
>

/'= dB
T082e ($%$# TM( insertion loss or Nokia and Nortel
The bias tee is housed &ithin the Node B cabinet o both Nokia and
Nortel'
(llo&ing or additional connector losses on the TM( * the insertion o
the TM( can be e)pected to add about /'0 dB to the total do&nlink T9
losses'
"t is recommended that the following base station T$ losses
%alues are used.
R* 2o;;e;
?dB@
NodeB E&1o TM(F 8'0
NodeB E&ith TM(F =
T082e ($%$& @ 4ecommended values or base station T9 losses
($> DOWNLINK SLANT LOSS
The same slant loss is assumed or the do&nlink as the uplink'
A downlin slant loss %alue of 2 dB is recommended.
($' HIGHER FREFUENCY ADDITIONAL PATH LOSS
The $%% do&nlink band is 3?/ M:H higher than the uplink'
-onseIuentl+ it suers an higher path loss than the uplink'
> Original M:( loss is /'; dB M8/N' Nokia have recentl+ commited to /'= dB or ne& M:(
product'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e && o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
The -OST 8=3 6alish-Ikegami propagation model is used to estimate
the additional do&nlink loss M83N' $or the mid-band reIuencies o 3?0/
M:H and 837/ M:H* a dierence in the intercept point o 3'; dB &as
obtained'
A higher fre4uenc, additional path loss %alue of 1./ dB is
recommended.
($A UE NOISE FIGURE
The !E noise igure reIuirement is not e)plicitl+ stated in the =<,,
speciication* but is implied &ithin the senstivit+ reIuirement' The =<,,
speciication reIuires a senstivit+ o C33> dBm or static conditions at
BE4 o 3/
-=
' This is commonl+ considered to be the eIuivalent o
reIuiring a noise igure o ? dB' (ssuming an static Eb1No &ithout
diversit+ o ;'0 dB M88N and non-orthogonalit+ o / or a static channel*
the C33> dBm reIuirement can calculated as eIuivalent to a noise
igure o ?'; dB' The small dierence bet&een ? and ?'; can be
considered as signal processing implementation margin' <SM terminal
perormance is also a useul point o comparison' The receive
sensitivit+ o C3/8 dBm is eIuivalent to a noise igure o ?'> dB
2
'
Selecting a noise igure based upon the &orst case perormance in the
standard is considered slightl+ too pessimistic or the t+pical terminal' 3
dB is subtracted rom the ? dB value to give a t+pical !E noise igure o
2 dB'
The values recommended b+ the suppliers are given in the table belo&'
No:i0 Norte2
!E noise
igure
2 ?
T082e ($A$# Supplier recommendations or !E noise igure
A UE noise figure %alue of & dB is recommended.
($) NON-ORTHOGONALITY
The non-orthogonalit+ is deined as the raction o the total o&n cell
carrier po&er that is seen as intererence at the !E receiver' The non-
orthogonalit+ is used to relate do&nlink Eb1No to the amount o po&er
needed to sustain a given connection' The non-orthogonalit+ increases
&ith the amount o multipath present in the propagation channel'
2 Eb1No Emodulated bitF o 2 dB* and modulated bit rate o 8>/ kbps'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &* o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
Note that historicall+* the degree o non-orthogonalit+ has been
historicall+ called the Borthogonalit+ actor# despite the act that
increasing Borthonalit+ actor# actuall+ meant reduced orthogonalit+ o
the codes so this terminolog+ is mathematicall+ incorrect' The term
non-orthogonalit+ is thereore preerred in this document'
Non-orthogonalit+ actors &ere calculated or various multipath
propagation conditions or the IT! evaluation o 6-%M( M8=N* as sho&n
in the table belo&'
Pro40-0tion Mode2 Non-
ort<o-on02it1
Indoor Oice ( /'3
Outdoor to
Indoor1,edestrian (
/'/;
Vehicular ( /'7
Indoor Oice B /'80
Outdoor to
Indoor1,edestrian B
/'77
Vehicular B /';7
T082e ($)$# IT! 6-%M( evaluation non-orthogonalit+
( method or calculating do&nlink Eb1No rom given test conditions can
be ound in =<,, 80'?78 section 3=* and this can also be used to
calculate the eective non-orthogonalit+' This method &as used to
calculate non-orthogonalit+ or the =<,, propagation models'
Pro40-0tion
Mode2
Non-
ort<o-on02it
1
=<,, -ase 3 /'33
=<,, -ase 8 /';>
=<,, -ase = /';
T082e ($)$& =<,, propagation model calculated non-orthogonalit+
actors
The values utilised b+ the vendors are as ollo&s'
No:i0 Norte2
Non-
orthogonalit+
/'0 /'7
T082e ($)$( Supplier values or non-orthogonalit+
( value o /'0 is selected as recommeded b+ Nokia' This value lies
bet&een the igures or the more realistic propagation models o
Vehicular (1,edestrian B and =<,, case ='
A -on5orthogonalit, %alue of 0.* is recommended.
($B OTHER TO OWN CELL CARRIER POWER RATIO
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &+ o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
This actor is used to calculate the amount o intereering signal rom
other cells relative to the carrier po&er received rom the serving cell'
The signals rom other cells are completel+ non-orthogonal to the
&anted o&n cell signal'
The setting o this parameter takes consideration o the act that the !E
is at the cell edge' The proposed setting o 3 suggests eIual po&er
rom o&n cell and one adKacent cell in the case o 8 dominant local
cells* or 8 adKacent cells at hal the po&er in the case o = dominant
local cells' 6hile is it possible to conceive o a tougher scenarios &here
several other cells combine to e)ceed the carrier po&er rom the o&n
cell* in most such instances sot handover should allo& the signals
rom several strong serving cell to be combined to counter the
increased intererence level'
An other cell to own cell carrier power ratio %alue of 1 is
recommended.
($#= UE DOWNLINK EB"NO
The derivation o do&nlink Eb1No is based upon the same approach as
the uplink o calculating a &eighted mean o compensated values rom
suppliers and the =<,, speciication'
The tables belo& summarise the Eb1No igures provided b+ suppliers'
Not that in the case o Nortel and Siemens* do&nlink igures are not
kno&n and thereore the uplink igures are used &ith a = dB
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
No:i0 Norte2 Sieen
;
(M4 Voice 38'8 ;'0 ?'= ;'=
-ircuit ;7 - >'2 0'8
-ircuit 382 0 >'7 7'2
-ircuit =27 - >'8 =';
,acket ;7 0'0 ;'8 7'7
,acket 382 0'/ 0'2 7'3
,acket =27 7'0 0'; ='8
T082e ($#=$# Supplier do&nlink E!EF Eb1No values MdBN* = km1h users
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
No:i0 Norte2 Sieen
;
(M4 Voice 38'8 ;'0 ?'7 ?'3
-ircuit ;7 - >'2 ;'2
-ircuit 382 - >'7 0'?
-ircuit =27 - ;'? 0'>
,acket ;7 0'/ 0'? ;';
,acket 382 7'0 0'; 0'?
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &, o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
,acket =27 7 0'= 0'=
Table 3.10.2 Supplier downlink (UE) Eb/No values [dB], 120 km/h users
(nother source o do&nlink perormance inormation is =<,, speciication
80'3/3* although the results provided there reIuire conversion to obtain
an Eb1No value' The derivation o the Eb1No igures rom the perormance
reIuirements in =<,, 80'3/3 has been done as described in 80'?78* and
the results o this conversion are summarised belo&'
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
C0;e # C0;e & C0;e (
(M4 Voice 38'8 3;'= 3='/ ?'/
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
;7 37'3 3/'2 ;'8
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
377
E382F
3='2 2'0 0'7
-ircuit
EBLE4Q3OF
=27 37'3 >'8 0'>
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
;7 3/'8 >'3 0'0
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
377
E382F
3/'/ 0'0 7'?
,acket
EBLE4Q3/OF
=27 3/'/ 7'? 7'?
T082e ($#=$( =<,, derived do&nlink ENodeBF Eb1No Values MdBN
The compensations applied to the above igures in the above tables are
the same as the do&nlink'
To calculated a &eighted mean the ollo&ing &eightings &ere applied or
the pedestrian case' The &eighting or Nortel and Siemens are reduced
compared to the uplink case because the igures used are derived rom
uplink simulation &ith = dB added to account or the lack o diversit+ gain'
So.r/e Wei-<
tin-
Nokia 80O
Nortel 3/O
Siemens 3/O
=<,, -ase = 80O
=<,, -ase 3 30O
=<,, -ase 8 30O
T082e 3.10.#! 6eighting applied or calculation o do&nlink =km1h Eb1No
$or the 38/ km1h case* the ollo&ing &eightings &ere applied
So.r/e Wei-<
tin-
Nokia 7/O
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &- o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
Nortel 3/O
Siemens 3/O
=<,, -ase = 7/O
T082e 3.10.$! 6eighting applied or calculation o do&nlink 38/ km1h
Eb1No
After 4erforin- t<e 5ei-<ted e0n /02/.20tion t<e
re/oended 902.e for do5n2in: E8"No 0re 0; fo22o5;!
Be0rer
Ser9i/e
D0t0
R0te
6:84;7
( :"< #&=
:"<
(M4 Voice 38'8 3/'= ?'>
-ircuit ;7 >'; ;'2
-ircuit 382137
7
;'> ;'/
-ircuit =27 ;'; 0'2
,acket ;7 ;'0 ;'8
,acket 382137
7
0'> 0';
,acket =27 0'= 0'8
($% DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL HEADROOM
(s in the uplink case this parameter relects the act that the Eb1No
values used &ithin the link budget are receiver Eb1No values &hich
assume po&er control can counter the eects o 4a+leigh ading' In
realit+ at the cell edge the transmitted po&er is limited b+ the
ma)imum carrier po&er'
(t a recent link budget meeting and in M3/N* Nokia suggest that
including such a margin or po&er control headroom is not necessar+*
because the do&nlink po&er is shared bet&een users and hence
individual codes po&ers ma+ peak to invert ades* but the overall
carrier po&er should sta+ more or less constant' This might be true or
lo& data rate services* but or high data rates utilising 70O o the total
carrier po&er* this can no longer be sael+ assumed'
!nortunatel+ no simulation results or the do&nlink case e)ists'
Theoreticall+* the above-described beneit o an+ averaging over users
is countered b+ the lack o receive diversit+ on the do&nlink &hich
&ould be e)pected to increase the po&er control headroom because o
the deeper ading' The same value as the uplink is proposed'
A setting for downlin power control headroom of 0.2 dB for
pacet users is recommended.
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &. o) Issue@ /'3
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($#& DOWNLINK SHO COMBINING GAIN
The S:O combining gain is deined as the reduction in transmitted po&er
&hen in a sot handover state compared to the po&er reIuired to connect
to the strongest o the cells &ithout sot handover'
On the do&nlink the transmit signals rom t&o base stations can be
combined &ithin the !E receiver' (s a result* S:O on the do&nlink
provides not onl+ increased diversit+* but an eective increase in the total
transmitted po&er' Thereore do&nlink combining gain is greater than or
the uplink'
Simpl+ addition o po&ers rom t&o cells gives a = to 3'0 dB gain in
received po&er &hen the more distant cell has / to 7 dB increase path
loss than the Bcloser# cell' ( diversit+ beneit can be e)pected on top o
these igure'
%o&nlink link level simulation results have been perormed b+ Nokia or
pedestrian (' These sho& a gain o 0'=* ='2 and 8'0 dB
?
or a path loss
dierence bet&een serving cells o /* = and dB M?N' These gains are rather
high because o the propagation model used is subKect to strong 4a+leigh
ading' Other Nokia simulations M3/N sho& more modest gains o 7* 8'0
and 3 dB or path loss dierences o /* = and ; dB' 6ithin the link
budget* Nokia recommend an even more modest value o 3'8 dB M>N'
( setting o 3'0 dB has been selected or the do&nlink S:O combining
gain' This considered relativel+ cautious given the value chosen or other
to o&n cell intererence ratio'
A downlin '() combining gain %alue of 2 dB is recommended.

? <ain assumed in tthe transmit po&er per cell' Nokia assume gain relative to sum o
transmit+ po&ers and is hence = dB lo&er'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &/ o) Issue@ /'3
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($ LINK BUDGET RESULTS
Spreadsheet@
%$# UPLINK LINK BUDGET
Table 7'3'3 sho&s the uplink link budget calculation or
pedestrian1stationar+ users assuming macrocell node B &ith M:('
S4eed ( :"<
MHAG 1e;
S4ee/< Cir/.it
'%
P0/:et
'%
P0/:et
#&)
P0/:et
()%
unit
!E ma)imum output po&er 83'/ 83'/ 83'/ 83'/ 83'/ dBm
!E (ntenna gain /'/ /'/ /'/ /'/ /'/ dBi
UE EIRP &!0 &!0 &!0 &!0 &!0
Node B Eb1No /.2 ..1 +.2 2./ 2.. dB
Node B noise igure 8'0 8'0 8'0 8'0 8'0 dB
Inormation rate 38'8 ;7'/ ;7'/ 382'/ =27'/ bps
No3e B re1eive sensitivit$ -!&*. -!!0* -!&0& -!!./ -!!** dBm
,o&er control headroom 8'/ 8'/ /'? /'? /'? dB
Base station 49 losses /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 dB
Base station antenna gain 32'/ 32'/ 32'/ 32'/ 32'/ dB
!plink S:O combining gain /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 dB
S:O slo& ading margin reduction 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ dB
Intererence margin ='/ ='/ ='/ ='/ ='/ dB
Re1eive level #t BS #ntenn# -!*/. -!*+* -!*-* -!**0 -!&0+ dBm
P#t4 loss in1 bo3$/sl#nt loss !,0. !,,* !,.* !,+0 !,0+ dB
Bod+ loss 0'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ dB
!L slant loss 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ dB
1ath loss less bod, loss or
slant loss
1*2.6 1*1.+ 1*+.+ 1*0.2 1./..
T082e %$#$# !plink link budget or !MTS $%% macrocell or speed o = km1h and
assuming deplo+ment o M:(s'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e &0 o) Issue@ /'3
Microsot E)cel
6orksheet
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
%$& MA*IMUM DOWNLINK PACKET BEARER RATE AT UPLINK LIMIT
Table 7'8'3 sho&s the calculation o the ma)imum do&nlink packet
bearer rate at the cell edge deined b+ the uplink link budget
calculation'
S4eed ( :"<
MHAG 1e;
Node B Confi- %= PAH STSR
UL
S4ee/<
UL
Cir/.it
'%
UL
P0/:et
'%
UL
P0/:et
#&)
UL
P0/:et
()%
!nits
Node B ma)' carrier po&er 7;'/ 7;'/ 7;'/ 7;'/ 7;'/ dBm
-arrier loading /'? /'? /'? /'? /'? O
Ma)' ract' po&er or packet
user
/'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 O
T5 1o3e 6o7er +&, +&, +&, +&, +&, dBm
Base station T9 losses ='/ ='/ ='/ ='/ ='/ dB
B#se st#tion #ntenn# (#in !/0 !/0 !/0 !/0 !/0 dB
BS 1#rrier EIRP -!0 -!0 -!0 -!0 -!0 dBm
BS 1o3e EIRP ,., ,., ,., ,., ,., dBm
U8 P#t4 loss less bo3$/sl#nt loss !,&. !,!* !,** !,00 !+-+ dB
%L slant loss 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ dB
:igher reIuenc+ additional
path loss
3'; 3'; 3'; 3'; 3'; dB
Bo3$ loss ,0 &0 &0 &0 &0 dB
U8 S9O )#3in( :#r(in
re3;1tion
&0 &0 &0 &0 &0 dB
D8 6#t4 loss in1l bo3$/sl#nt
loss
!,0* !,+0 !,-0 !,+, !,00 dB
!E noise igure 2'/ 2'/ 2'/ 2'/ 2'/ dB
Noise densit+ -3;;'/ -3;;'/ -3;;'/ -3;;'/ -3;;'/ dBm1:H
Non-orthogonalit+ /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0 /'0
Intr#1ell inter)eren1e 3ensit$ -!-.- -!-*& -!-,& -!-&/ -!,/* dBm1:H
Other to o&n cell carrier po&er
ratio
3'/ 3'/ 3'/ 3'/ 3'/
Inter1ell inter)eren1e 3ensit$ -!-+- -!-0& -!-&& -!,0/ -!,,* dBm1:H
Tot#l noise<inter)eren1e
3ensit$
-!-!& -!,./ -!,0+ -!,.+ -!,** dBm1:H
%L Eb1No *.+ *.+ *.+ *.+ *.+ dB
%L po&er control headroom /'? /'? /'? /'? /'? dB
%L S:O combining gain 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ 8'/ dB
Re1eive3 1o3e ener($ -??'2 -?0'7 -?>'7 -?0'/ -?/'7 dBm
Max 78 cell5edge pacet
bearer rate
+26.2 .1+.* +&0.1 .12.2 ./0.& kbps
T082e %$&$# Ma)imum do&nlink packet bearer rates at uplink link budget cell edge or
speed o = km1h and assuming deplo+ment o M:(s and 7/6 STS4 coniguration'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *0 o) Issue@ /'3
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T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *! o) Issue@ /'3
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APPENDI* A - EB"NO DEFINITIONS AND RELATED FACTORS POWER-
CONTROL +T*-POWER-INCREASE AND POWER-CONTROL-HEADROOM
A$# INTRODUCTION
This paper describes dierent parameters related to Eb1No and proposes
values to use in link budgets and simulation results'
A$& RECEI,ED EB"NO
4eceived Eb1No is related to the average received po&er as ollo&s@
,r Q Eb1No
49
'EIoJNoF'4
&here ,r is received po&er* Io is the eective intererence spectral
densit+* No the noise spectral densit+ and 4 is inormation rate'
Note that the inormation rate is the inormation rate ater channel
decoding' It does not include bits reIuired or %,--:* M(-* 4L-* and
associated S4B' :o&ever the received po&er ,r should include the
overhead or such bits* so that such overheads are also included in the
Eb1No value'
The received Eb1No is generall+ provided b+ link simulations* and values
are dependent upon the multipath propagation channel used and the link
Iualit+ reIuirement E$E4* BLE4* 4BE4* etc'F'

A$( TRANSMITTED EB"NO
Transmitted Eb1No is related to the average transmitted po&er as ollo&s'
%
& 'o( )*o +b,'o
-.
+
= t P
L is the transmission loss bet&een transmitter and receiver' The
transmitted po&er is related to receive po&er as ollo&s'
,r Q L' ,t
So &h+ is there a dierence bet&een received and transmitted Eb1NoV
!nortunatel+ the above relation does not appl+ to average po&ers'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e ** o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
t P L. r /
This is because the transmission loss and transmit po&er are not
independent* as a result o po&er control' !nder ideal po&er control* &e
can sa+ that ,r is constant and thereore
,t Q ,r 1 L
The average transmit po&er is then given b+ the integral'
dL L p L t P (. ) (. , 1 )
0
/r

=

&here ,ELF is the probabilit+ o a certain transmission loss' $or ull
4a+leigh ading and perect Eininite d+namic rangeF po&er control* this
integral is ound to be ininite Eintegral o 31) unction rom Hero to ininit+
is ininiteF' Ininite average po&er is reIuired to provide the ininite po&er
in the deepest adesU
In practice* o course* the utilised transmit po&er is not ininite* because
o 8 reasons@ the multipath diversit+ reduces the propabilit+ o deep
4a+leigh adesW and the d+namic range o the transmitter is limited'
Nevertheless* it is ound that ast po&er control does increase the
transmitted po&er over that predicted b+ the received Eb1No'
$or ast moving mobiles* the po&er control is not able to track the ades
and the dierence bet&een transmitted and received Eb1No disappears'
-ompared to the slo& moving case received Eb1No tends to rise* and
transmitted Eb1No reduces'

A$% POWER CONTROL T* POWER INCREASE
,o&er control T9 po&er increase E,-T9,IF is deined as the dierence
bet&een received and transmitted Eb1No'
,-T9,I Q Eb1No
T9
- Eb1No
49
Nokia sometimes reer to this as the ,o&er 4ise due to uncorrelated
ading'
A$> POWER CONTROL HEADROOM
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *+ o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
6hen average transmitted po&er approaches the peak po&er* it is ound
that receiver perormance is degraded since it is no longer possible to
invert deep 4a+leigh ades because o the limited peak transmitter po&er'
Thereore one needs to increase the average po&er over that used &hen
perect po&er control is assumed'
( important limiting case is &hen po&er control is deactivated entirel+' In
this case transmitted po&er is independent o path loss and the received
and transmitted Eb1No are the same'
6e deine ,o&er -ontrol :eadroom E,-:F as the dierence bet&een the
Eb1No#s or po&er control enabled and disabled' T&o cases o po&er
control headroom appl+* or received and transmitted Eb1No'
,-:
49
Q Eb1No
T9149* no ,-
- Eb1No
49* pc
,-:
T9
Q Eb1No
T9149* no ,-
- Eb1No
T9* pc
Nokia sometimes reer to this parameter as the $ast $ading Margin'
A$' SIMULATION RESULTS
Ericsson have used simulations to Iuanti+ these eects or a ,edestrian
( and B uplink channel &ith receive diversit+ M38N' ,edestrian ( is much
&orse than ,edestrian B because o the reduced multipath' The tables
belo& summarises their results* or rame erasure rates o 3O and 3/O
respectivel+'
$E4Q 3O
M03 + A9er0-e
T* Po5er
E8"No?r3
@
E8"No?t3
@
E8"No?t3
@-
E8"No?r3
@
M03 + A9er0-e I
E8"No?t3@ +
E8"No?r3@Jf.22 PC
78'= E$ull ,-F 7'0 0'8 /'> 7=
2'= 7'0 0'8 /'> ?'/
0'= 7'0 0 /'0 0'2
8'> 7'0 0 /'0 ='8
/ Eno ,-F ;'0 ;'0 / &
$E4Q3/O
M03 + A9er0-e
T* Po5er
E8"No?r3
@
E8"No?t3
@
E8"No?t3
@-
E8"No?r3
@
M03 + A9er0-e I
E8"No?t3@ +
E8"No?r3@Jf.22 PC
7='3 E$ull ,-F ='7 7'3 /'> 7='2
?'3 ='7 7'3 /'> ?'/
;'3 ='= 7'/ /'> ;'2
='= ='= ='2 /'0 ='>
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *, o) Issue@ /'3
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/ Eno ,-F 7'= 7'= / =$B
The right hand column calculates the dierence the actual peak po&er
used in the simulation and the average transmitted po&er &hich &ould be
derived rom the use o received Eb1No applicable or ull po&er control' It
is minimised &hen no po&er control is used' In this case it is eIual to the
po&er control headroom E,-:
49
F'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *- o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
DOCUMENT HISTORY
Issue %ate %etails
/'3 %rat issue or comment'
Tit2e - LINK BUDGET OFR UMTS FDD NETWORK
DOCUMENT APPRO,AL
O6NE41(!T:O4
ESI<NE%F
N(ME EBLO-" -(,IT(LSF@
,ETE4 STEVENS
-:E-"E% B5 ESI<NE%F %O-!MENT
4E,4ESENT(TIVE
N(ME EBLO-" -(,IT(LSF@
(,,4OVE% B5 ESI<NE%F M(N(<E4
N(ME EBLO-" -(,IT(LSF@
O6NE4S:I, G -ON$I%ENTI(LIT5
T- Mobile is the trading name o T-Mobile E!"F' No part o this document ma+ be disclosed orall+ or in
&riting* including b+ reproduction* to an+ third part+ &ithout the prior &ritten consent o T- Mobile E!"F'
This document* its associated appendices and an+ attachments remain the propert+ o T - Mobile E!"F
and shall be returned upon reIuest'
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e *. o) Issue@ /'3
. /01/2133 T-Mobile SENSITIVE TO T-MOBILE
T'Mobile/CDOC/ P#(e */ o) Issue@ /'3