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This document summarizes a study that compares methods for measuring the specific surface area of soils and minerals. It finds that measuring water vapor adsorption provides comparable results to the traditional ethylene glycol monoethyl ether method but is quicker and easier. Soil surface area was measured for various soil types including kaolinite, montmorillonite, and samples saturated with different cations. The water vapor adsorption method was found to be a viable alternative for determining specific surface area of soils.
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how to understand the relationship in specific surface area of soils
This document summarizes a study that compares methods for measuring the specific surface area of soils and minerals. It finds that measuring water vapor adsorption provides comparable results to the traditional ethylene glycol monoethyl ether method but is quicker and easier. Soil surface area was measured for various soil types including kaolinite, montmorillonite, and samples saturated with different cations. The water vapor adsorption method was found to be a viable alternative for determining specific surface area of soils.
This document summarizes a study that compares methods for measuring the specific surface area of soils and minerals. It finds that measuring water vapor adsorption provides comparable results to the traditional ethylene glycol monoethyl ether method but is quicker and easier. Soil surface area was measured for various soil types including kaolinite, montmorillonite, and samples saturated with different cations. The water vapor adsorption method was found to be a viable alternative for determining specific surface area of soils.
Yusuf Setiawan Dr. Christopher Amrheins Lab Soil Chemistry Department of Environmental Science
Introduction Surface area is related to many physical and chemical properties of soils.
Reactive surfaces in soils vary widely because of the differences in mineralogical and organic composition, as well as in particle-size distribution. Soil Texture Sand Silt Clay
2 mm - 50 m 50 -2 m < 2 m
Specific Surface Area
Surface area per unit mass of soil
Expressed as square meter per gram soil (m 2 g -1 ).
Implications of Surface Area
Cations Exchange Capacity (CEC)
Water retention and movement
Heavy metal and pesticide adsorption
Nutrients and Irrigation management
Traditional Methods N 2 -gas Measures only the external surface area Requires a specialized instrument
EGME (Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether) Measures total surface area (internal and external) Limited to a single partial pressure (P/Po) equilibrium Samples cannot be used multiple times Time intensive
Water Vapor Adsorption Method
Soils weight and partial pressure can be measured quickly
Saturated salt solutions control relative humidity
Water adsorption forms monolayer surface area calculated
Water potentiameter measures relative vapor pressure (P/P 0 )
Research Objectives 1. Compare surface area measured from water vapor adsorption compared to the EGME method.
2. Compare surface area of soils saturated with different cations.
Soils Involved in the Experiment Kaolinite (1:1 clay mineral)
Montmorillonite (2:1 clay mineral)
Grangeville
Holland and Merced soils saturated with various cations: NaCl KCl MgCl2 CaCl2 Method Different soil types placed in a vacuum chamber with salts
Saturated salt control different relative humidity: NaOH (8%) LiCl (11%) CaBr2 (20%) K-Ac3 (24%) CaCl2 (32%) LiNO3 (48%)
Relative Humidity Chamber
Decagon WP4C Dewpoint Potentiameter
How do we know soils have reached equilibrium? Weight of soils does not change.
Water Potential ( ) measurement for soils does not change
-350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 M a t r i c
P o t e n t i a l
( - M P a )
Time (days)
Kaolinite Matric Potential
8% Humidity 20% Humidity 32% humidity Adsorbed Water Weight at Different Partial Pressure
Surface area is calculated within the partial pressure (P/Po) of 0.05 to 0.45. Linearized Surface Area Curve for Water Vapor Adsorption y = 334.73x + 12.605 R = 0.8887 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 1 / [ V a * ( P o / P - 1 ) ]
Relative Humidity (P/Po) Kaolinite Kaolinite Linear (Kaolinite) Comparison of Surface Area Measurement Soil Type
Water Vapor Adsorption Surface Area (m 2 g -1 )
EGME Surface Area (m 2 g -1 ) Kaolinite 8 7 Montmorillonite 348 305 Grangeville 23 16 Merced 163 154 Holland 142 108 Comparison of Surface Area Measurement Soil Type Water Vapor Adsorption Surface Area (m 2 g -1 ) EGME Surface Area (m 2 g -1 )
Na + Merced 108 137 K + Merced 94 112 Mg 2+ Merced 124 124 Ca 2+ Merced 126 130 Na + Holland 210 102 K + Holland 96 103 Mg 2+ Holland 86 92 Ca 2+ Holland 57 96 Conclusion Water vapor adsorption method is comparable to the EGME method.
Water vapor method is very easy and quick to determine surface area of soils.
Surface area measurements of the soils saturated with different cations showed no trend. Acknowledgements Dr. Christopher Amrhein