FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND EUROPEAN STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA
RISE E 3
RD
YEAR




Foreign policy and diplomacy








COORDINATOR: Dolghi Dorin
STUDENT:Puie Cristian George



Overview
Romania is a south-eastern European country located on the Black Sea. It has
2,508 km of land boundaries with Bulgaria to the south, Serbia to the southwest,
Hungary to the west, Ukraine to its north, Moldova to the north-east, and 225 km
of coastline on the Black Sea in the east. The capital of Romania is Bucharest.
The population of Romania is 21.3 million (2012). Although 90 per cent of the
population is ethnic Romanian, the country also has a sizable Hungarian minority
(6.6 per cent) and smaller groups of Roma, Ukrainians, Germans, Russians and
Turks.
Political overview
System of government
Romania has a presidential political system. Under this system, an executive
president is elected directly for a maximum of two five-year terms and acts as the
Head of State. While in office, the president must renounce all party positions and
affiliations. The President is the Commander of the Armed Forces, represents the
state in foreign relations and may take part in government meetings to discuss
issues of national interest.
Foreign policy
Romanias foreign policy is predominantly focused on relations with its
neighbours and within the EU, which it joined in 2007. Joining the EUs visa-free
Schengen arrangement is a particular priority, but Romania has so far been
unsuccessful. The countrys NATO membership (joined 2004) and relationship
with the United States (including the December 2011 Agreement on hosting of a
US ballistic missile defence system) are of strategic importance to Romania.
Romania hosted the Bucharest NATO Summit in April 2008.
Romania established diplomatic relations since 05.06.1958 with Romania bilateral
diplomatic relations with 184 countries out of 193 UN member states, plus the
Holy See, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Palestine.


Austria

22.09.1878 (Austro-Ungaria)
27.08.1920was the first country who
recognized Romania's independence
from Turkey (the Ottoman Empire at
that time). The relations were
suspended on August 27, 1916 when
Romania declared war on Austria-
Hungary, entering the First World War.
On August 27, 1920, the diplomatic
relations were resumed, this time with
Austria proper, due to the dissolution of
the Austria-Hungary Empire. On April
5, 1938 relations were suspended again,
few days before the annexation
ofAustria by Germany (Anschluss).
Relations resumed on October 8, 1947,
two years after Austria's secession from
Germany.
Belgia

29.03.1880Both countries were
allies during World War I.
Belgium has an embassy
in Bucharest.
[42]

Romania has an embassy
in Brussels and 3 honorary
consulates
(in Antwerp, Mechelen and Tournai)
.
[43]

Both countries are full members
of Francophonie, NATO and of
the European Union.

Italia

26.12.1879 since December
Romania has an embassy in Rome, a
general consulate in Milan and 3
honorary consulate
(in Florence, Genoa andTreviso).
[45][
46]

Both countries are full members of
the Latin Union, of NATO and of
the European Union.
There are around 750,000 to
1,000,000 people of Romanian
descent living in Italy.


Frana

20.02.1880
are bilateral foreign relations
between France and Romania.
Diplomatic relations between the two
countries date back to 1396.
[1]
oth
countries are full members
of NATO and of the European Union.
Since 1993, Romania is a member in
the Francophonie.
Germania

20.02.1880Both countries have
due to a formerly significant number
of Germans of Romania also
cultural relations.

Rusia

24.10.1878 Historical relations have
oscillated between grudging
cooperation, neutrality and open hatred
and hostility.
Both countries refused to
recognize Kosovo's independence
from Serbia and strongly supported its
territorial integrity. About 30,000

Romania in EU
On 1 January 2007 the EU welcomes two new Member States and 30 million
people, when Bulgaria and Romania join the European Union. This completes the
EUs historic fifth round of enlargement peacefully reuniting Western and Eastern
Europe after decades of division.
Negociations
Romania was the first country of post-communist Europe to have official relations
with the European Community. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, European
Union (EU) membership has been the main goal of every Romanian
Government and practically every political party in Romania. Romania signed its
Europe Agreement in 1993, and submitted its official application for membership
in the EU in 1995, the third of the postcommunist European countries to do so
after Hungary and Poland.
During the 2000s, Romania implemented a number of reforms to prepare for EU
accession, including the consolidation of its democratic systems, the institution of
the rule of law, the acknowledgement of respect for human rights, the commitment
to personal freedom of expression , and the implementation of a functioning free-
market economy. The objective of joining the EU has also influenced Romania's
regional relations. As a result, Romania has imposed visa regimes on a number of
Russians live in Romania, mainly in
the Tulcea County (see Lipovans).
About 5,308 Romanians live in Russia,
mainly in the Russian Far East. Both
countries are full members of
the Council of Europe and
the Organization for Security and Co-
operation in Europe.

states,
including Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Serbia,Montenegro, Turkey and Moldova.

Treaty
The date of accession, 1 January 2007, was set at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003
and confirmed in Brussels on 18 June 2004. Bulgaria, Romania and the EU-25
signed the Treaty of Accession on 25 April 2005 at Luxembourg's Neumuenster
Abbey.
The 26 September 2006 monitoring report of the European Commission confirmed
the entry date as 1 January 2007. The last instrument of ratification of the Treaty of
Accession was deposited with the Italian government on 20 December 2006
thereby ensuring it came into force on 1 January 2007.
Commisioners
The accession treaty granted Bulgaria and Romania a seat, like every other state,
on the Commission. Romania nominated Leonard Orban, an independent, who was
made Commissioner for Multilingualism in the Barroso Commission, from 1
January 2007 until 31 October 2009. He was nominated in 2006 by the
previous Romanian Prime Minister Clin Popescu-Triceanu. Both were approved
by Parliament to become Commissioners upon accession.







Romania in NATO
Introduction
Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) on March 29,
2004 following the decision taken at the Prague Summit, in November 2002. For
Romania, this has represented a major evolution, with decisive influence on the
foreign and domestic policy of the country. NATO membership represents the
guarantee of security and external stability, which is vital for ensuring the
prosperous development of the country. Romania is playing an active role in
promoting the values and objectives of the Alliance, by both participating in the
operations and missions of the Alliance and involving in its conceptual initiatives
and evolutions.
Negotiations with NATO and other states
Negotiations that set the general obligations, teams of experts from the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization engaged in sectorial talks with Bucharest over
different aspects and specific reforms. The candidate states signed the Accession
Protocols in Brussels during an extraordinary ceremony of the North Atlantic
Council on March 26, 2003. After the signing process, the ratification process
began, France being the last country to ratify the documents pertaining to the seven
states accession. The ceremony occasioned by the submission of the accession
instruments to the North-Atlantic Treaty by the prime ministers of the seven
countries invited to accede to it: Romania (represented by PM Adrian Nastase)
Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and Slovenia all of them
represented at prime ministerial level, took place in Washington on March 29,
2004. In an interview with the CNN, the then NATO Secretary General, Jaap de
Hoop Scheffer, was pointing out that this really significant, historic event, a dream
has become a reality for the new members. As far as Romania and Bulgaria are
concerned, NATO Secretary General declared that the latter are quite adequate and
ready to accede to NATO, their situation in the relations with the EU differing
owing to the large acquis communitaire to which they have to adjust themselves.


History and Military relations and peacekeeping mission
Romania was a partner to the allied forces during the Gulf war, particularly during
its service as president of the UN Security Council. Romania has been active in
peacekeeping operations in UNAVEM in Angola, IFOR/SFOR in Bosnia,
in Albania, in Afghanistan and has sent 860 troops in Iraq after the invasion led by
the United States.
Romania enforced United Nations' sanctions against Yugoslavia. Despite divisions
within the Parliament and among the people, Romania supported NATO in
the Kosovo campaign and granted approval for NATO to overfly Romanian
airspace. It was the first country to enroll in NATO's Partnership for
Peace program, later joining NATO in 2004.
Romania alsoo is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) and the North Atlantic Cooperation Councile (NACC).

Romanias goals as a NATO member (5)
Romania's goals as a NATO member are:
1. A robust and relevant alliance based on a solid transatlantic partnership capable
to respond effectively to new security threats. A robust and dynamic transatlantic
partnership is a crucial factor in addressing new security risks facing the
transatlantic community.
2. Fulfilling the commitments as a NATO member regarding the participation in
NATO operations and missions [link to the presentation of operations and
missions]
Romania takes part in all Alliance missions and operations, including those out of
the Euro-Atlantic area.
3. Supporting NATOs role in providing stability, as a promoter of reforms and
regional cooperation in the immediate vicinity of Romania (Balkans and the Black
Sea area)

4. Development of partnerships between NATO-EU and NATO-UN
NATO's partnerships with the EU and the UN ensure cooperation in matters of
common interest and contributes significantly to countering the threats and
challenges to international security.

5. Supporting the transformation process of NATO
Romania will continue to contribute to NATO's transformation process aimed at
imroving response to the new types of threats (terrorism, proliferation of mass
destruction weapons).

The Black Sea and NATO
Romania attaches a great priority to enhancing security, stability and democracy in
the Black Sea region. The aim of our overall approach is to contribute to anchoring
the region in the Euro-Atlantic community, by fostering regional cooperation and
support from the European and Euro-Atlantic institutions, including NATO.
The Declarations of the following Summits, in Riga (2006), Bucharest (2008),
Strasbourg/Kehl (2009) , Lisbon (2010) and Chicago(2012) include references to
the importance attached by the Alliance to the Black Sea region. The relevance of
the Black Sea region for NATO is multi-fold. The Black Sea region encompasses,
among NATO member-states, not only NATO partner-countries, but also countries
who wish to become members of the Alliance.
Building democratic and effective security sector institutions is in the interest of
the Alliance, as it is also the success of the overall democratic transitions launched
in the region. The region is also the gateway for most of the oil and gas transported
from Central Asia and Caucasus towards Europe. Security of energy infrastructure
crossing this region is therefore critical for the European energy security.
Romania believes that NATO can also bring value added, in the framework of the
Partnership for Peace, to strengthening, on a regional basis, defense and security
institutions, as well as cooperation in civil emergency planning and the protection
of the energy infrastructure.


























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