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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Today advertising is most important thing in the business. Most of advertise
are at road-side, at bus-stop, at railway station, at air-port etc. In earlier case printed
boards or holdings were used for advertising. But today the world is changed. Now
this is the world of electronics. So instead of using printed boards or holdings
electronic display boards are widely used for advertising.
Here the display board displays the EC DEPARTMENT. This display
board is made with the help of LEDs and the display is controlled with the help of
8051 micro-controller.
1.2. STUDY
1.2.1. Why LED display board?
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have been used for years, primarily in the
electronics industry for circuit board mounted indicator lights. Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs) are more efficient at producing visible light than traditional bulbs. This is the
main reason or benefit for making LED display board. Auto manufacturers are now
converting instrument, signal and tail lighting to LED's. LED's are extremely durable
and have an estimated lifespan of up to 100,000 hours (24 hours/day for 11 years).
LED's produce more light (lumens) per watt than either incandescent or fluorescent
lighting.
LED Signs utilize all of the benefits of LED's. LED signs generate less heat
than incandescent and fluorescent lights. It is much safer to use LED because they run
on very low voltage.
A moving or scrolling LED display is more than a sign. Conventional signs
generally consist of a single word, name or very short message. Signs have been an
effective tool for advertising, navigation, directions, instructions, notification and
warnings for a long time. However, moving or scrolling messages signs offer the
ability to combine movement, light, graphics and messages to get the attention of the
intended target, and deliver a more complete message.
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Subsequently, if your message requires more than one or two words, and
needs to stand out to get noticed, and/or you have multiple messages to deliver, then
you probably should consider an a moving or scrolling message led display.
If you need to get your message noticed, an LED display sign is the most
effective means of getting it done. Comparison of LED with Neon and Incandescent
light is given in table-1.1.
FEATURES LED Displays Neon Display
Incandescent
Lighted Display
BRIGHTNESS
LED's offer the
brightest lighting
Neon Signs are
not as bright and
fade and/or
flicker with age
Incandescent
Lighted Signs are
poorly light &
burn out often
EIFFIENCY
LED's use less
than 1/2 the
electricity of neon
& incandescent
lights
Neon signs use
about double the
electricity of
LED's
Incandescent
lighting uses 3-4
times the
electricity of
LED's
DURABILITY
LED's are made of
solid plastic and
are extremely
durable
LED's are made
of solid plastic
and are
extremely
durable
LED's are made
of solid plastic
and are
extremely
durable
LIFE EXPECTANCY
LED's last up to
100,000 hours
Neon lamps last
up to 35,000
hours
Long life
incandescent
bulbs can last up
to 4000 hours
VERSATILTY
Programmable or
scrolling signs can
display single or
multiple messages,
and your message
can be changed as
needed
Neon signs
display only one
message, and
cannot be
changed
Incandescent
lighted sign
boxes cannot be
changed, with the
exception of
removable letter
boxes
PROGRAMMABILITY
Programmable
LED signs and
displays enable
you to create
multi-message
programs that
combine text with
graphics
Neon signs are
not
programmable
Incandescent
lighted sign
boxes are not
programmable
TABLE 1.1 Comparison of LED with Neon and Incandescent light


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1.2.2. Why Microcontroller (8051) is used?
Any microcontroller basically has a microprocessor with limited number of
RAM, ROM, I/O ports and Timer on a single chip. All the required hardware for a
system is combined together on a single chip. Hence it is easier for the designer to
develop a system. Being a built-in chip it occupies less space, draws less current and
cheap also. If necessary for a system, the designer can add few more external ICs to
develop a purposeful, powerful system. Microcontrollers are memory-oriented
architecture.
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers are largely used in embedded systems.
Normally embedded systems are designed to do specific task and repeatedly it will do
the same task. A microwave oven is an example for embedded system. The ovens are
designed to get the timer input and heating the food for the set-time. The washing
machine is another example for embedded system. Repeatedly it will control the
water-inlet, spinning system, water-outlet and drying system.
In the embedded system the basic Input / Output program and application
program are written / burned into ROM / PROM / EPROM. Nowadays the
microcontrollers are available with Flash-RAM to hold the required software. It does
not need any specific unit for programming. The personal computer is an example,
which contains number of embedded systems. The Keyboard contains separate
microcontroller, Floppy drive contains a microcontroller, Hard Disk Drive contains
another microcontroller, and Network card contains a microcontroller. CD-ROM
drive and Sound card contains separate microcontroller.
The rapidly expanding technology with area of microcontroller has
contributed too many developments in computer applications, industrial
instrumentation and controls. With the rapid advancement in the semiconductor
technology, the whole CPU of a digital computer is now fabricated on a single chip
using LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
technology.
1.3. SCOPE IN TODAYS WORLD
Outdoor advertising has gone a step further into the digital age. Large LED
boards are popping up in hot markets and are proving to be quite the success. In fact,
many prefer digital outdoor advertising because of its large impact and efficient
pricing.
These brilliant digital displays offer effective, high impact, targeted, and
flexible advertising campaigns. These digital displays are widely accepted as the new
advertising medium, because of their countless advantages such as: dynamic creative
elements and interactivity, guaranteed delivery and scheduled display, instant digital
changes for season, price, or promotion, rapid ability to update content, timely
insertion of trailer loops with advertising content, instant digital programming with
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informative and entertaining content, and the ability to deliver specific messages to
specific audiences in specific locations.
In today's society older methods of advertising, such as newspaper and radio,
are on their way out, whereas outdoor display boards are becoming increasingly
effective. Next to the internet, outdoor advertising is the fastest growing medium and
continues to gain strength.
Outdoor advertising has many forms, but the most popular of all times is the
display board. The display board, which started with hand painted boards, evolved
into high definition LED display boards. LED display boards offer a greater flexibility
of use than conventional display boards could ever provide. With high brightness,
high resolution LEDs, the conventional display board has been transformed into the
perfect high-tech electronic outdoor display medium.