Cauzele Care Inlatura Caracterul Penal Al Faptei

UNIVERSITATEA ,,CONSTANTIN BRNCOVEANU
FACULTATEA DE TIINE JURIDICE, ADMINISTRATIVE I ALE

COMUNICRII
PITETI
Specialia!e " DREPT
LUCRARE DE LICEN
CAU#ELE CARE $NLTUR CARACTERUL PENAL AL
FAPTEI
C%%!&%'a(%! )(ii'*i+ic,
Lect.univ.dr. MIRELA POPESCU
A,-%l.e'(,
GHEORGHE R. IONU-BOGDAN
/01/
CUPRINS
INTRODUCERE222222222222222222222222334
CAP3I3 ASPECTE 5ENERALE PRIVIND CAU#ELE CARE $NLTUR
CARACTERUL PENAL AL FAPTEI
1.1. Noiune! de c!r!cter "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...&
1.'. Po(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%%%..,
1.-. Conce"tu# c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%,
1./. 0n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#%..%%..1
1.2. C#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%1-
CAP3II3 CAU#ELE JUSTIFICATIVE
'.1. Le3iti4! !"+r!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...1&
'.1.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...1&
'.1.' Condiii#e #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.11
'.1.- E$ecte#e #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%''
'.'. St!re! de nece(it!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...'2
'.'.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..'2
'.'.' Condiii#e (t+rii de nece(it!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..'6
'.'.- E$ecte 7uridice%%%%... %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.'1
'.-. E8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!ii%%%%%%%%..-,
'.-.1 Noiune 5i condiii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..-,
'./. Con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%./1
'./.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../1
'./.' Condiii de v!#!)i#it!te ! con(i4+49ntu#ui%%%%%%%%%../'
CAP3III3 CAU#ELE DE NEIMPUTABILITATE
'
-.1. Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../2
-.1.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%/2
-.1.' Condiii#e con(tr9n3erii $i.ice%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/6
-.1.- E$ecte 7uridice%%%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../&
-.'. Con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/&
-.'.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../&
-.'.' Condiii#e con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e%%%%%%%%%%%%%./&
-.'.- E$ecte#e con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/,
-.-. E8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..21
-.-.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.21
-.-.' Condiii#e e8ce(u#ui nei4"ut!)i#%%%%%%%%%%%%..6:
-./. Minorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%61
-./.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...61
-./.' Condiii#e (t+rii de 4inorit!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6'
-./.-. E$ecte 7uridice%%%%%%%%%%. %%%%%%%%%6-
-.2. Ire("on(!)i#it!te!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...6-
-.2.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6-
-.2.' Condiii#e ire("on(!)i#it+ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6/
-.2.- E$ecte#e ire("on(!)i#it+ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...62
-.6. Into8ic!i!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..66
-.6.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...66
-.6.' ;e#uri#e into8ic!iei%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%66
-.6.- Condiii#e (t+rii de into8ic!ie %%%%%%%%%%%%..6&
-.6./ E$ecte 7uridice%%. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6,
-.&. Ero!re!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6,
-.&.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%.61
-.&.' ;e#uri#e erorii%%%%%%%%..%%%%%%%%%%%61
-.&.- Ero!re! de $!"t - c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%&1
-
-.&./ Condiii#e erorii de $!"t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.&1
-.&.2 E$ecte#e erorii de $!"t !(u"r! circu4(t!ne#or%%%%%%%&-
-.&.6 Ero!re! de dre"t "en!#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&-
-.,. C!.u# $ortuit%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...&/
-.,.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..&/
-.,.' Condiii#e c!.u#ui $ortuit%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.&2
-.,.- E$ecte#e 7uridice%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&2
CONCLU#II222222222222222222222222223367
BIBLIO5RAFIE222222222222222222222222281
/
INTRODUCERE
Lucr!re! intitu#!t+ Cauzele care nltur caracterul penal al faptei dore5te
(+ !)orde.e o te4+ de 4!8i4+ !ctu!#it!te *n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ 5i "r!ctic! 7uridic+<
in9nd (e!4! de $!"tu# c+ "rin Le3e! nr.',6 din 1& iu#ie '::1< "u)#ic!t+ *n
Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.21: din '/ iu#ie '::1 Codu# Pen!# !# Ro49niei ! $o(t
!ctu!#i.!t< *n(+< #e3e! !4intit+ v! intr! *n vi3o!re cu -1 dece4)rie ':1'.
Pro)#e4! !ctu!#i.+rii c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei <
o3#indite !t9t *n Nou# Cod Pen!#=Le3e! nr.',6>'::1? < c9t 5i *n !ctu!#u# Cod Pen!# !
(t!t #! )!.! de4er(u#ui 5tiini$ic 5i ! $o(t deter4in!t "rin co4"!r!re! ce#or dou+
coduri< ce# ce v! intr! *n vi3o!re din dece4)rie ':1' 5i ce# c!re *5i !re v!#!)i#it!te
!ctu!#4ente.
@e4!tic! doctrinei "en!#e ro49ne< du"+ #un3! "erio!d+ de !"#ic!re !
Codu#ui "en!# din 1161< c!re ! e8c#u( in(titui! cauzele justificative uti#i.!t+ "9n+
!tunci< (u(in9nd c+ toate cauzele care nltur caracterul penal al faptei sunt
cauze justificative=*ntruc9t e8c#ud i4"#icit in$r!ciune!< vinov+i! 5i r+("undere!
"en!#+?< ! $+cut #oc< *n "re.ent< "rin Nou# Cod "en!# <di(tinciei *ntre c!u.e#e
7u(ti$ic!tive 5i c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te< cAi!r d!c+ e#e (e intitu#e!.+ cauze care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei. S-! !r3u4ent!t c+< de5i !ce(te c!u.e !u #! )!.+
o di("o.iie #e3!#+< nu *n(e!4n+ c+ to!te (unt 7u(ti$ic!tive< deo!rece une#e "ot $i
conce"ute (+ "roduc+ e$ecte in re4< i!r !#te#e in "er(on!4.
Ar3u4ente#e c!re !u (t!t #! )!.! di(tinciei dintre c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive 5i
c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (-!u !8!t "e idee! "otrivit c+rei!
inciden! c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive "re(u"une con$or4it!te! voinei #e3iuitoru#ui cu
#e3e! =re("ectiv< d!c+ #e3e! "er4ite (!u nu o !(t$e# de conduit+?< *n ti4" ce c!u.e#e
de nei4"ut!)i#it!te (unt "rodu(e#e de n!tur+ (u)iectiv+="(iAic+? e8i(tente *n
"(iAicu# !3entu#ui #! d!t! (+v9r5irii $!"teiB un !#t !r3u4ent *n $!vo!re! !ce(tei
2
di(tincii< ! con(t!t *n e$ecte#e c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive c!re !u< de re3u#+< e$ecte in
re4< ("re deo(e)ire de e$ecte#e c!u.e#or de nei4"ut!)i#it!te c!re "roduc< de o)icei<
e$ecte in "er(on!4< cu e8ce"i! c!.u#ui $ortuit.
Ace(te !r3u4ente< "recu4 5i ce#e de n!tur+ i(toric+ =re3#e4ent+ri#e din
Coduri#e "en!#e 1,62 5i 11-&?< d!r 5i nece(it!te! de !r4oni.!re ! #e3i(#!iei "en!#e
cu ce! ! +ri#or din Uniune! Euro"e!n+- it!#i!n+< ("!nio#+< 3er4!n+< $r!nce.+<
)e#3i!n+ etc.< din c!re 5i !r! no!(tr+ $!ce "!rte *nce"9nd cu 1 i!nu!rie '::&< !u (t!t
#! )!.! 4odi$ic+rii #e3i(#!iei "en!#e< "rin !do"t!re! Le3ii nr.-:1>'::/< "rivind
nou# Cod "en!#< ur4!t+ !"oi de Le3e! ',6>'::1< !v9nd !ce#!5i (co" 5i de Le3e!
nr.'&>':1'="u)#ic!t+ *n Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.1,:>': 4!rtie ':1'? c!re ! 4odi$ic!t
5i ! co4"#et!t Codu# Pen!# !# Ro49niei 5i ! Le3ii nr.',6>'::1< intr9nd *n vi3o!re
cu '- 4!rtie ':1'.
6
CAP3I3 ASPECTE 5ENERALE PRIVIND CAU#ELE CARE
$NLTUR CARACTERUL PENAL AL FAPTEI
1313 N%*i9'ea &e ca!ac(e! pe'al al +ap(ei
C!r!cteru# "en!# (!u in$r!cion!# !# unei $!"te con(tituie *n(u5ire! (intetic+ !
$!"tei ce decur3e din *ntrunire! tr+(+turi#or e(eni!#e !#e unei in$r!ciunii
1
.
0ntruc9t c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te (t!)i#it "rin #e3e< (t+ri#e< (itu!ii#e<
*4"re7ur+ri#e c!re conduc #! e8c#udere! !ce(tui! C "rin nere!#i.!re! unei tr+(+turi
e(eni!#e ! in$r!ciunii nu "ot !ve! !ce(t e$ect< dec9t d!c+ (unt "rev+.ute de #e3e.
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (unt !ce#e (t+ri< (itu!ii<
*4"re7ur+ri e8i(tente *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< c!re *4"iedic+ re!#i.!re! unei
tr+(+turi e(eni!#e ! in$r!ciunii 5i "rin !ce!(t! e8c#ud c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
'

0n a!(314 din Nou# Cod Pen!# (unt "rev+.ute (!:-:(9!ile e-e'*iale !#e unei
in$r!ciuni< *n ti4" ce< *n !ctu!#u# Cod Pen!# < (unt "rev+.ute *n a!(316< 5i !nu4eD
A!(3143;1<In$r!ciune! e(te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie<
ne7u(ti$ic!t+ 5i i4"ut!)i#+ "er(o!nei c!re ! (+v9r5it-o.
;/<In$r!ciune! e(te (in3uru# te4ei !# r+("underii "en!#e
-
.
A!(316 a<c!u.e c!re "rive(c "erico#u# (oci!#B
,< c!u.e c!re "rive(c vinov+i!B
c< c!u.e c!re "rive(c "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+
/
.
0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ (-! (u(inut c+ci c#!(i$ic!re! du"+ criteriu# tr+(+turi#or
e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii< !re c!r!cter convenion!# deo!rece< *n re!#it!te< *n#+tur!re!
unei tr+(+turi e(eni!#e< in$#uene!.+ e8i(ten! 5i ! ce#or#!#te tr+(+turi.
1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".''6
'
POPESCU< Mire#! Sorin!< Drept penal: Partea gneral< Pite5tiD Editur! EInde"enden!
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
-
LUPAGCU< D!n< Noul Cod Penal(Legea nr.!"#$$%&'i Noul Cod de Procedur Penal(Legea
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".11
/
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
&
13/3 P%-i,ili(a(ea ='l:(9!:!ii ca!ac(e!9l9i pe'al al +ap(ei
Le3iuitoru# !v9nd co4"eten! de ! (t!)i#i c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< tot e#
"o!te (+ *n#+ture< *n !nu4ite (itu!ii !ce(t c!r!cter 5i (+ "rev!d+ c+ o $!"t+ (!u
!nu4ite c!te3orii de $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ (unt (+v9r5ite *n !nu4ite
condiii< nu con(tituie in$r!ciuni 5i nu "ot (ervi dre"t te4ei "entru r+("undere!
"en!#+ ci< eventu!#< "entru o !#t+ $or4+ de r+("undere 7uridic+.
Le3iuitoru# !re *n vedere e8i(ten! unor (t+ri< (itu!ii< *4"re7ur+ri< *n c!re e(te
(+v9r5it+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ 5i c!re "ot $!ce c! o $!"t+ concret+< (+
nu 4!i "re.inte vreun! dintre tr+(+turi#e e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii 5i deci< (+ nu 4!i
"re.inte c!r!cter "en!#.
13>3 C%'cep(9l ca9el%! ca!e ='l:(9!: ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(ei
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei "ot $i de$inite c! $iind !ce#e
(itu!ii< (t+ri< c!.uri< *4"re7ur+ri< ! c+ror e8i(ten+ *n ti4"u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $!c c!
re!#i.!re! e$icient+ ! vreunei! din tr+(+turi#e e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii (+ devin+
i4"o(i)i#+.
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu tre)uie (+ $ie con$und!te
cu Ec!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ r+("undere! "en!#+ (!u 4odi$ic+ e8ecut!re! "ede"(ei (!u
con(ecine#e cond!4n+riiF=a!(314/?161 din Nou# Cod Pen!# 5i a!(3117?1>4
Actu!#u# Cod Pen!#?B d!c+ "ri4e#e e8c#ud e8i(ten! in$r!ciunii 5i ! r+("underii
"en!#e< ce#e c!re *n#+tur+ r+("undere! "en!#+ o"ere!.+ nu4!i !(u"r! r+("underii
"en!#e 5i nu "roduc niciun e$ect (u) !("ectu# e8i(tenei in$r!ciuniiB in$r!ciune!
e8i(t+< *n(+ r+("undere! "en!#+ "entru !nu4ite r!iuni e(te *n#+tur!t+< nu 4!i
"roduce e$ecte (!u c9nd !ce(te e$ecte (-!u "rodu(< $!ce (+ *ncete.e r+("undere!
"en!#+ =!4ni(tie< "re(cri"ie< #i"(! "#9n3erii "re!#!)i#e (!u retr!3ere! !ce(tei!<
*4"+c!re! "+ri#or< re4itere! "ede"(ei "rin 3r!iere?.
,
De !(e4ene!< c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu tre)uie
con$und!te nici cu c!u.e#e de ne"ede"(ire< *ntruc9t !ce(te! din ur4+ nu !u e$ecte
!(u"r! e8i(tenei in$r!ciunii 5i ! r+("underii "en!#e.
C!u.e#e de ne"ede"(ire =de i4"unit!te? (unt c!u.e ("eci!#e< (u)iective ce !u
*n vedere conduit! $+"tuitoru#ui *n ti4"u# 5i du"+ (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii 5i c!re
*n#+tur+ !"#ic!re! "ede"(ei< $!"t! $iind in$r!ciune 5i do!r con(ecin! ei e(te
*n#+tur!t+- r+("undere! "en!#+.
C!u.e#e de i4"unit!te "ot $i @e'e!ale 5i (unt "rev+.ute *n "!rte! 3ener!#+ !
codu#ui "en!# =e8e4"#uDde(i(t!re! 5i *4"iedic!re! "roducerii re.u#t!tu#ui C a!(3//
Actu!#u# cod "en!#B in(ti3!re! neur4!t+ de e8ecut!re- a!(3/7 Actu!#u# cod "en!#B
*4"iedic!re! de c+tre "!rtici"!nt ! con(u4+rii $!"tei- a!(3>0 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?5i
-peciale< "rev+.ute "entru !nu4ite in$r!ciuni =e8e4"#uD a!(31A6 ali'39l(iB din
Actu!#u# cod "en!#- denun!re! $!"teiB a!(3/A0 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#-
retr!3ere! 4+rturiei 4incino!(eB a!(3/44 ali'3> Actu!#u# cod "en!#- denun!re!
4itei?.
13C3 $'l:(9!a!ea ca!ac(e!9l9i pe'al al +ap(ei p!i' lip-a pe!ic%l9l9i -%cial
Li"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!# c! tr+(+tur+ e(ni!#+ ! in$r!ciunii conduce #! *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei. S"re deo(e)ire de c!u.e#e c!re "rive(c vinov+i! 5i ce#e
c!re "rive(c "revedere! *n #e3e< *n c!re *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei
conduce< "e c!#e de con(ecin+< #! *n#+tur!re! r+("underii "en!#e< uneori 5i ! !#tor
$or4e de r+("undere 7uridic+< *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! de
"erico# (oci!#< de re3u#+< nu *n#+tur+ !#te $or4e de r+("undere 7uridic+< deo!rece un
!nu4it 3r!d de "erico# (oci!# C ne"en!#- 4!i "re.int+ $!"t! re("ectiv+
2
.
Lipsa pericolului social, ca trstur esenial a infraciunii
6
2
MI@RACHE< C.< MI@RACHE < C., Drept penal ro+,n, Partea general,Edii! ! I-! rev+.ut+
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&:
6
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&:
1
!? Perico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t "entru !nu4ite $!"te deter4in!te "rin #e3e!
c!re "revede !t9t $!"t! !# c+rui "erico# e(te *n#+tur!t< c9t 5i *4"re7ur!re! *n
c!re e(te *n#+tur!t "erico#u# (oci!#B
)? Perico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t "entru !nu4ite !cte inerente de($+5ur+rii unor
!ctivit+i "er4i(e de #e3e =e8e4"#u< !cte#e de #ovire c!re (e "roduc *n c!.u#
"r!ctic+rii )o8u#ui?B
c? Sunt con(ider!te
&
c! #i"(ite de "erico# (oci!# 5i $!"te#e co4i(e din cu#"+< d!c+
(unt incri4in!te nu4!i *n (itu!i! *n c!re (unt (+v9r5ite cu intenie< de
!(e4ene! e(te #i"(it+ de "erico# (oci!#< tent!tiv! #! in$r!ciuni#e #! c!re nu
e(te "ede"(it+B
d? Pe c!#e de con(ecin+< "erico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t c9nd $!"t! e(te co4i(+
$+r+ vinov+ie.
;!"t! c!re nu "re.int+ "erico#u# (oci!# !# in$r!ciunii nu e(te in$r!ciune 5i< "e
c!#e de con(ecin+< nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+.
Lipsa pericolului social concret al faptei prevzut de legea penal
0n !rt.1, din Actu!#u# Cod Pen!# (e "revede E;!"t! c!re "re.int+ "erico# (oci!#
*n *ne#e(u# #e3ii "en!#e e(te orice !ciune (!u in!ciune "rin c!re (e !duce !tin3ere
unei! dintre v!#ori#e !r+t!te *n !rt.1F.
E(te "o(i)i# c!< *n concret< $!"t! (+v9r5it+ de5i< $or4!#< (+ *nde"#ine!(c+ to!te
tr+(+turi#e "entru ! $i c!r!cteri.!t+ c! in$r!ciune< "erico#u# (oci!# (+ nu evidenie.e
o "eric#it!re ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite< (+ $ie 4ini4< (+ nu $ie (u$icient "entru !
c!r!cteri.! $!"t! c! in$r!ciune.
0n !ce(t (en(< *n codu# "en!# e8i(t+ !rtico#u# 1, c!re "revede *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ c!re nu "re.int+ *n concret
3r!du# de "erico# (oci!# nece(!r !# unei in$r!ciuni.
&
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:6.
1:
nlturarea caracterului penal al faptei prevzut de legea penal
care nu prezint n concret gradul de pericol social al unei
infraciuni
Art.1, din Actu!#u# Cod Pen!# "revede c+ Enu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ d!c+ "rin !tin3ere! 4ini4+ !du(+ unei! dintre v!#ori#e
!"+r!te de #e3e 5i "rin coninutu# ei concret< $iind #i"(it+ *n 4od v+dit de
i4"ort!n+< nu "re.int+ 3r!du# de "erico# (oci!# !# unei in$r!ciuniF.
C9nd "erico#u# (oci!# concret nu e(te (u$icient "entru c!r!cteri.!re! $!"tei c!
in$r!ciune< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te *n#+tur!t< i!r $+"tuitoru# i (e !"#ic+ un! din
(!nciuni#e cu cA!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive "rev+.ut *n !rt.11 din Codu# Pen!#.
Natur juridic
0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+
,
(-!u e8"ri4!t 4!i 4u#te o"inii "rivitor #! n!tur! 7uridic+ !
in(tituiei "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.1, din Codu# "en!#.
0ntr-o o"inie
1
(-! (u(inut c+ "rin introducere! *n Codu# "en!# ! !rt.1, (-! cre!t
"o(i)i#it!te! de.incri4in+rii 7udici!re *n c!dru# c+rei!< or3!ne#e 7udici!re !u
o)#i3!i! de ! e8!4in! "erico#u# (oci!# concret !# $!"tei "entru ! (t!)i#i d!c+ !ce!(t!
"re.int+ un 3r!d de "ericu#o.it!te !t9t de "ronun!t< *nc9t (+ !tri)uie $!"tei
c!r!cteru# unei in$r!ciuni.
0ntr-o !#t+ o"inie
1:
(-! (u(inut c+ "rin in(titui! "rev+.ut+ de !rt.1, din Codu#
"en!# nu (-! re3#e4ent!t o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei deo!rece nu
! $o(t trecut+ *n c!"ito#u# "rivind c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< i!r
*n codu# de "rocedur+ "en!#+ ! $o(t "rev+.ut+ o c!u.+ ("eci!#+ c!re *4"iedic+
"unere! *n 4i5c!re ! !ciunii "en!#e.
,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".1/6B
DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2<".,1-1,.
1
GRADEA< @.< Pro-le+e legate de rspunderea penal pentru faptele care nu prezint pericolul
social al unei infrac.iuni,R.R.D.nr./>11&/<".2&.
1:
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'',.
11
0ntr-o !#t+ o"inie
11
< "e c!re o 3+(i4 *nte4ei!t+< in(titui! introdu(+ "rin !rt.1,
din Codu# "en!# e(te tot o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< "rin
*n#+tur!re! tr+(+turii e(eni!#e ! "erico#u#ui (oci!# cu "reci.!re! c+< ("re deo(e)ire
de ce#e#!#te c!u.e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei 5i< i4"#icit r+("undere!
"en!#+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui< !"#ic!re! di("o.iii#or !rt.1, din Codu# "en!# i4"#ic+ #u!re!
$!+ de $+"tuitor ! unei (!nciuni cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive din ce#e "rev+.ute de
!rt.11 din Codu# Pen!#.
Condiii n care fapta prevzut de legea penal nu prezint
pericolul social al unei infraciuni
Artico#u# 1, din Codu# "en!# *5i 3+(e5te !"#ic!)i#it!te!< *n "rinci"iu< *n c!.u#
tuturor $!"te#or "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< indi$$erent de n!tur!# #or 5i de "ede!"(!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e
1'
.
Cu tot c!r!cteru# (+u 3ener!#< in(titui! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.1, din Codu# "en!# nu !r
"ute! $i incident+ *n c!.u# unor $!"te 3r!ve cu4 e(te o4oru# $iindc+< "rin v!#o!re!
deo(e)it+ ! o)iectu#ui ocrotirii "en!#e nu (-!r "ute! (u(ine c+ !tin3ere! e(te
4ini4+
1-
.
Efecte juridice
;!"t! #i"(it+ de "erico#u# (oci!# concret c!r!cteri(tic in$r!ciunii nu !re c!r!cter
"en!# 5i nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ "entru !ce! $!"t+. 0n c!.u# !"#ic+rii
di("o.iii#or !rt.1, din Codu# "en!#< $+"tuitoru#ui i (e v! !"#ic! o)#i3!toriu o
(!nciune cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive=4u(tr!re!< 4u(tr!re! cu !verti(4ent (!u
!4end! de #! 1: #! 1::: #ei?.
11
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&2.
1'
DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2<".,1-,'.
1-
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:&.
1'
1343 Cla-i+ica!ea ca9el%! ca!e ='l:(9!: ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(ei
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei !u $o(t c#!(i$ic!te *n #iter!tur!
7uridic+ *n r!"ort cu di$erite criterii 5i !nu4eD
C!i(e!i9l (!:-:(9!il%! e-e'*iale
1C
0n r!"ort cu tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ !(u"r! c+rei! $iec!re c!u.+ de *n#+tur!re !
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei *5i r+($r9n3e *n 4od "re"onder!nt e$ectu#< (e $!ce
deo(e)ire! *ntre c!u.e c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ ! "erico#u#ui (oci!#< c!u.e
c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ ! vinov+iei< c!u.e c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ !
"revederii $!"tei de c+tre #e3e! "en!#+.
!? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c "erico#u# (oci!# (unt !ce#e (itu!ii *n c!re #e3e! *n(+5i
re3#e4ente!.+ !nu4ite !ctivit+i ori *nde#etniciri< "er4ite (!u *n3+duie
e$ectu!re! unor !cte (!u !ciuni c!re< *n 4od o)i5nuit con(tituie e#e4entu#
4!teri!# !# unor $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< d!r (e !"reci!.+ c+ *n
(itu!ii#e (!u c!.uri#e re("ective !ce#e !cte (!u !ciuni nu 4!i "re.int+ 3r!du#
de "erico# (oci!# nece(!r "entru e8i(ten! unei in$r!ciuni =e8e4"#uD
v+t+4!re! inte3rit+ii cor"or!#e "rodu(+ "rintr-o intervenie cAirur3ic!#+ (!u
*n c!.u# unor co4"etiii ("ortive de($+5ur!te re3u#!4ent!r?.
0n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie (e inc#ud 5i $!"te#e c!re< "otrivit di("o.iii#or !rt.1,
Actu!#u# cod "en!#< nu "re.int+ "erico#u# (oci!# !# unei in$r!ciuni.
De !(e4ene!< din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rte 5i !nu4ite !ciuni con(ider!te
e8"#icit c! $iind (oci!#4ente uti#e< deo!rece (unt ordon!te de #e3e< cu4 !r $iD
"ercAe.ii! do4ici#i!r+< reinere!< !re(t!re! "reventiv+< ridic!re! de o)iecte (!u
*n(cri(uri< (ecAe(tru# !(i3ur!tor< etc.< d!c+ !ce(te 4+(uri "rocedur!#e !u $o(t di("u(e
(!u !du(e #! *nde"#inire *n c!.uri#e 5i *n condiii#e "rev+.ute de #e3e.
)? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c vinov+i! (unt !ce#e (t+ri< (itu!ii (!u *4"re7ur+ri
"rev+.ute de #e3e ! c+ror "re.en+< *n ti4"u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< conduc #!
1/
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
1-
*n#+tur!re! (!u "!r!#i.!re! con5tiinei (!u voinei de !ciune ! "er(o!nei c!re
(+v9r5e5te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< *n#+tur9nd vinov+i! 5i i4"#icit
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Sunt inc#u(e *n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie c!u.e#e re3#e4ent!te *n a!(3CC? 41 Actu!#u#
cod "en!# 5i *n a!(317?>1 Nou# cod "en!# 5i !nu4eD #e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de
nece(it!te< con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+ 5i 4or!#+< c!.u# $ortuit< ire("on(!)i#it!te!< (t!re! de
)eie $ortuit+ co4"#et+< 4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui 5i ero!re! de $!"t< re("ectiv<
#e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de nece(it!te< e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei
o)#i3!ii< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te< con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+< con(tr9n3ere!
4or!#+< e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#< 4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui< ire("on(!)i#it!te!<
into8ic!i!< ero!re! 5i c!.u# $ortuit.
Une#e e8c#ud direct vinov+i!< !#te#e o !$ecte!.+ indirect.
0n doctrin! "en!#+ (-! !r+t!t c+ din c!te3ori! c!u.e#or "rivito!re #! vinov+ie $!c
"!rte "e #9n3+ ce#e 4enion!te 5i une#e (itu!ii "!rticu#!re< re3#e4ent!te *n
di("o.iii cu"rin(e *n "!rte! ("eci!#+ ! codu#ui "en!#< cu4 !r $iD e$ectu!re! "ro)ei
verit+ii *n c!. de in(u#t+ 5i c!#o4nie =a!(3/06 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B d!re! de 4it+
"rin con(tr9n3ere =a!(3/44 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B #ovire! 5i in(u#t! in$erioru#ui
deter4in!t+ de o nece((it!te 4i#it!r+ =a!(3>>A ali'39l(iB Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
c? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+ (unt (itu!ii *n c!re
"revedere! #e3!#+ #i"(e5te (!u ! *ncet!t (+ 4!i e8i(te< cu4 !r $iD #i"(! du)#ei
incri4in+ri *n c!.u# $!"te#or (+v9r5ite *n (tr+in+t!te =a!(3A li(3a Actu!#u# cod
"en!#?5i !)ro3!re! incri4in+rii =a!(31/ ali'31 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ de ("eci!#it!te< (-! 4enion!t c+< *n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie !r
tre)ui cu"rin(e 5i (itu!ii#e c9nd $!"tei concrete *i #i"(e5te unu# din e#e4ente#e
con(titutive cerute de te8tu# incri4in!tor< *ntruc9t $!"t! c!re nu !re e#e4ente#e
cerute de #e3e *n(e!4n+ c+ e(te o $!"t+ "e c!re #e3e! nu o "revede =e8e4"#uD o
!4enin!re c!re nu e(te de n!tur+ (+ !#!r4e.e- a!(317> Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
1/
C!i(e!i9l -+e!ei &e aplica!e
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (e c#!(i$ic+ *n r!"ort de
criteriu# 4enion!t *n c!u.e 3ener!#e 5i c!u.e ("eci!#e.
!? Ca9ele @e'e!ale c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (unt re3#e4ent!te *n
"!rte! 3ener!#+ ! codu#ui "en!# 5i devin !"#ic!)i#e *n c!.u# tuturor $!"te#or
co4i(e *n condiii#e #or.
Din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rte D c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =a!(3CC?41
Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< !)ro3!re! incri4in+rii =a!(31/ ali'31 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?<
#i"(! du)#ei incri4in+ri =a!(3A li(3a Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!# !#
$!"tei "otrivit a!(318 Actu!#u# cod "en!#.
)? Ca9ele -peciale !u o ($er+ de !"#ic!re 4!i redu(+ #! c!.uri#e !nu4e "rev+.ute
de #e3e 5i (unt "rev+.ute de re3u#+< *n nor4e#e din "!rte! ("eci!#+ ! codu#ui
"en!#. Din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rteD "ro)! verit+ii *n c!. de in(u#t+ (!u
c!#o4nie =a!(3/06 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< con(tr9n3ere! 4ituitoru#ui #! d!re! de
4it+ =a!(3/44 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B #ovire! (!u in(u#t! in$erioru#ui
deter4in!t+ de o nece((it!te 4i#it!r+ =a!(3>>A ali'39l(iB Actu!#u# cod "en!#?
12
.
$' !ap%!( c9 ca!ac(e!9l l%!, c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !#
$!"tei (e c#!(i$ic+ *n !eale 5i pe!-%'ale.
a< Ca9ele !eale (unt ce#e "rivito!re #! $!"t+ 5i c!re (e r+($r9n3 cu e$ecte#e #or
!(u"r! tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or< c! de e8e4"#uD #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#< #i"(!
"revederii *n #e3e! "en!#+B
,< Ca9ele pe!-%'ale (unt ce#e "rivito!re #! "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui 5i "roduc
e$ecte nu4!i *n r!"ort cu "er(o!n! c!re (-!r !$#! *n !(t$e# de (itu!ii *n
4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< c! de "i#d+D c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =a!(3C?
41 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?
16
.
12
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'-,-
16
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,-
12
Ace!(t+ c#!(i$ic!re e(te i4"ort!nt+ deo!rece *n c!.u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei *n
"!rtici"!ie< c!u.e#e re!#e in$#uene!.+ (itu!i! tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or< *n ti4" ce
c!u.e#e "er(on!#e "roduc e$ecte nu4!i $!+ de "er(o!n! c!re (-! !$#!t din "unct
de vedere "(iAic (u) in$#uen! !ce(tor c!u.e.
16
CAP3II3 CAU#ELE JUSTIFICATIVE
Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ e8i(t+ vreun!
dintre c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive "rev+.ute de #e3e=a!(318 ali'31 Nou# cod "en!#?. E$ectu#
c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive (e e8tinde 5i !(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or=a!(318 ali'3/ Nou# cod
"en!#?
1&
.

/313 Le@i(iBa ap:!a!e
/3131 N%*i9'e
Le3iti4! !"+r!re e(te o c!u.+ c!re e8c#ude c!r!cteru# "en!# #! $!"tei d!torit+
#i"(ei de vinov+ie *n condiii#e *n c!re !ce!(t! e(te (+v9r5it+.
E(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n a!(317 Nou# cod "en!# 5i a!(3CC Actu!#u# cod "en!#D
Art.19 ;1< E(te 7u(ti$ic!t+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ *n #e3iti4+
!"+r!re.
='? E(te *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re "er(o!n! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru !
*n#+tur! un !t!c 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< c!re "une *n "erico# "er(o!n!
(!< ! !#tui!< dre"turi#e !ce(tor! (!u un intere( 3ener!#< d!c+ !"+r!re! e(te
"ro"orion!#+ cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui.
=-? Se "re.u4+ ! $i *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< *n condiii#e !#in. ='?< !ce#! c!re
co4ite $!"t! "entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! unei "er(o!ne *ntr-o #ocuin+<*nc+"ere<
de"endin+ (!u #oc *4"re74uit in9nd de !ce!(t!< $+r+ dre"t< "rin vio#en+< vic#enie<
e$r!cie (!u !#te !(e4ene! 4od!#it+i ne#e3!#e ori *n ti4"u# no"ii
1,
.
A!(3CC ;1< Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ *n
(t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re.
;/< E(te *n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru !
*n#+tur! un !t!c 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! (!< ! !#tui!
1&
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".':
1,
1&
(!u *4"otriv! unui intere( o)5te(c 5i c!re "une *n "erico# 3r!v "er(o!n! (!u
dre"turi#e ce#ui !t!c!t ori intere(u# o)5te(c.
;/31<Se "re.u4+ c+ e(te *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< 5i !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t!
"entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! $+r+ dre"t ! unei "er(o!ne "rin vio#en+< vic#enie<
e$r!cie< (!u "rin !#te !(e4ene! 4i7#o!ce< *ntr-o #ocuin+< *nc+"ere< de"endin+ (!u
#oc *4"re74uit (!u de#i4it!t "rin (e4ne de 4!rc!re.
;>< E(te de !(e4ene! *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re 5i !ce#! c!re din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii
(!u te4erii ! de"+5it #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui 5i
cu *4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re (-! "rodu( !t!cu#
11
.
O)(erv+4 c+ *n viito!re! re3#e4ent!re nu 4!i re3+(i4 de"+5ire! #i4ite#or
#e3iti4ei !"+r+ri< cee! ce e(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n !rt //< !#in -.
Le3iti4! !"+r!re !"!re c! o ri"o(t+ 5i !ce#! c!re din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii (!u
te4erii ! de"+5it #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui 5i cu
*4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re (-! "rodu( !t!cu#.
Le3iti4! !"+r!re !"!re c! o ri"o(t+ "e c!re o d+ o "er(o!n+ *4"otriv! unui
!t!c ce "une *n "erico# 3r!v "er(o!n!< dre"turi#e !ce(tei! ori intere(u# "u)#ic<
ri"o(te deter4in!te de nece(it!te! !"+r+rii v!#ori#or (oci!#e "eric#it!re. Ce# ce
ri"o(te!.+ *4"otriv! !t!cu#ui "entru ! (!#v! v!#ori#e (oci!#e "eric#it!te (+v9r5e5te o
$!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. Deo!rece $+"tuitoru# ! !cion!t con(tr9n( de
nece(it!te! !"+r+rii v!#ori#or (oci!#e !4enin!te 3r!v "rin !t!cu# "ericu#o( 5i nu cu
voin+ #i)er+ $!"t! e(te con(ider!t+ c! ne$iind (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie
':
.
11
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,-
':
MI@RACHE< Con(t!ntin < MI@RACHE <Cri(ti!n < Drept penal ro+,n/parte general<
Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic<'::1< ".1/-
1,
/313/3 C%'&i*iile le@i(iBei ap:!:!i
Pentru c! o $!"t+ (+ $ie con(ider!t+ ! $i (+v9r5it+ *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re e(te nece(!r
*nde"#inire! unor condiii "rivito!re "e de o "!rte #! !t!c 5i "e de !#t+ "!rte condiii
"rivito!re #! !"+r!re.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i'& a(ac9l
At!cu# e(te o co4"ort!re vio#ent+ ! o4u#ui< o !titudine o$en(iv+< !titudine ce (e
4!teri!#i.e!.+ *ntr-o !ciune *ndre"t!t+ *4"otriv! v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite. Pentru
! ne !$#! *n "re.en! unei #e3iti4e !"+r+rii e(te nece(!r (+ e8i(te un !ct de !t!c<
concreti.!t $ie *ntr-o !ciune (!u in!ciune (oci!#4ente "ericu#o!(+< !t!c ce tre)uie
(+ $ie 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< $iind *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! unei "er(o!ne< !
dre"turi#or !ce(tei! (!u *4"otriv! unui intere( "u)#ic "un9nd totod!t+ *n "erico#
3r!v v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite.
a& 0tacul s fie +aterial. At!cu# e(te 4!teri!# !tunci c9nd e(te e8ercit!t "rin
4i7#o!ce $i.ice 4enite (+ "erici#ite.e e8i(ten! $i.ic+ ! unor v!#ori (oci!#e ocrotite.
E(te 4!teri!# !t!cu# c!re "entru re!#i.!re! #ui (e $o#o(e5te $or! $i.ic+ ori
in(tru4ente c!re (unt *n 4+(ur+ (+ "roduc+ o 4odi$ic!re $i.ic+ ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e
ocrotite. De !(e4ene! !t!cu# "o!te $i re!#i.!t 5i "rintr-o in!ciune deo!rece "er4ite
!#tor $ore (+ "eric#ite.e $i.ic v!#ori#e ocrotite.
@re)uie ! !vut *n vedere $!"tu# c+ nu e8i(t+ un !t!c 4!teri!# *n c!.u#
!3re(iuni#or 4or!#e< deo!rece "er(o!n! c!#o4ni!t+ (!u $uncion!ru# u#tr!3i!t nu
"o!te invoc! (t!re! de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re *n c!.u# *n c!re *ne#e3e (+ (e !"ere "rin
!cte de vio#en+.
-& 0tacul s fie direct / !tunci c9nd (e *ndre!"t+ 5i "une *n "erico# *n 4od
ne4i7#ocit v!#o!re! (oci!#+ ocrotit+. 0n #iter!tur! de ("eci!#it!te (-! (uinut $!"tu# c+
!t!cu# e(te direct 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re vi.e!.+ un! dintre v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite
cAi!r 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re nu !re un cont!ct ne4i#7ocit cu !ce! v!#o!re.
c& 0tacul s fie i+ediat - C!r!cteru# i4edi!t !# !t!cu#ui e(te d!t de (itu!i! *n
c!re "erico#u# (-! ivit< e(te !ctu!# (!u e(te "e c!#e (+ (e ive!(c+< c!r!cter ce e(te
11
deter4in!t de r!"ortu# *n ti4" *ntre !t!c 5i o)iectu# vi.!t. 0n (itu!i! *n c!re
interv!#u# de ti4" dintre *nce"ere! !ctu#ui 5i ivire! "erico#u#ui e(te !t9t de 4!re
*nc9t o$er+ "o(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii !ce#ui "erico# "rin !#te 4i7#o!ce< !t!cu# nu 4!i
"o!te $i con(idert c! $iind i4edi!t< deo!rece e# nu o$er+ "o(i)i#it!te! unui "erico#
"re.ent ci cree.+ do!r "re4i(e#e unui "erico# c!re (-!r "ute! "roduce u#terior. D!c+
*n(+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! intervenit du"+ con(u4!re! !t!cu#ui e! !"!re
c! o ri"o(t+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui necon(tituind c!r!cteru# unei !"+r+ri !(t$e# *nc9t !ce!(t+
$!"t+ con(tituie in$r!ciune.
d& 0tacul s fie injust. A"!re c! in7u(t !ce# !t!c c!re nu !re un $und!4ent
#e3!# (!u de $!"t< c!re (+ 7u(ti$ice !ce!(t+ co4"ort!re. At!cu# e(te 7u(t (!u nu "o!te
d! n!5tere unei #e3iti4e !"+r+ri !tunci c9nd con(t+ *ntr-o !ctivit!te "er4i(+ (!u
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e. D!c+ ce# c!re $!ce !"+r!re! nu cuno!5te (t!re! de ire-
("on(!)i#it!te ! !3re(oru#ui< e# v! ri"o(t! *n #e3iti4+ !"!r!re ne$iind o)#i3!t (+
c!ute o (o#uie 4!i "uin "ericu#o!(+ ci v! *n#+tur! "erico#u# "rin 4i7#o!ce "e c!re #e
con(ider+ c! $iind e$iciente< (itu!ie *n c!re #e3iti4! !"+r!re v! intr! *n concur( 5i
cu ero!re! de $!"t.
e& 0tacul s fie ndreptat +potriva persoanei care se apr, ori +potriva
alteia sau +potriva unui interes o-'tesc
Pentru 4otiv!re! !ciunii de !"+r!re< #e3e! i4"une condii! c! !t!cu# (+ "o!t+
c!u.! un r+u ire4edi!)i# (!u 3reu de re4edi!t unor v!#ori (oci!#e i4"ort!nteD
"er(o!nei u4!ne< dre"turi#or (!#e (!u intere(u#ui o)5te(c.
04"otriv! unui !t!c "ericu#o( "o!te ri"o(te victi4! !3re(iunii 5i oric!re !#t+
"er(o!n+ "re.ent+ #! de($+5ur!re! !t!cu#ui. Nu !re i4"ort!n+ d!c+ victi4! "ute! (+
*n#+ture (in3ur+ !t!cu# (!u nuB d!c+ victi4! dore! (!u nu (+ (e !"ere *4"otriv!
!t!cu#ui (!u d!c+ *ntre victi4+ 5i "er(o!n! c!re intervine (+ re("in3+ !t!cu# e8i(t+
vreun 3r!d de rudenie (!u vreo *ne#e3ere "re!#!)i#+
'1
.
'1
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1/6.
':
f& 0tacul s pun n pericol grav persoana celui atacat ori interesul o-'tesc.
Le3e! i4"une condii! c! !t!cu# (+ "o!t+ c!u.! un "erico# ire4edi!)i# (!u 3reu
re4edi!)i# unor v!#ori (oci!#e ocrotite< !ce!(t+ condiie $iind *n5u5i 4otiv!re!
!ciunii de !"+r!re. 0n (itu!i! !vut+ *n vedere *n a!(3// ali'3> Nou# Cod "en!#<
!nu4e J (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! $+r+ dre"t *n #ocuin+<
*nc+"ere< de"endine (!u #oc *4"re7u4it in9nd de !ce(te!F< #e3iti4! !"+r!re e(te
"re.u4!t+< d!c+ (unt *nde"#inite ur4+to!re#e condiii ("eci$iceD
"+trundere! *n #ocuin+<*nc+"ere< de"endine (!u #oc *4"re74uit<
in9nd c! !ce(te! (+ (e $!c+ $+r+ dre"tB
"+trundere! (+ (e $!c+ "rin vio#en+< vic#enie< e$r!cie (!u "rin !#te
4i7#o!ce !(e4+n+to!re.
C%'&i*iile ap:!:!ii
Condiii#e "e c!re tre)uie (+ #e *nde"#ine!(c+ !"+r!re! "entru ! $i #e3iti4+
(unt
''
D(+ (e re!#i.e.e "rintr-o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B (+ $ie "reced!t+ de
!t!cB (+ $ie *ndre"t!t+ *4"otriv! !3re(oru#uiB (+ $ie nece(!r+ "entru *n#+tur!re!
!t!cu#ui 5i (+ $ie "ro"orion!#+ cu !t!cu#.
a) 0c.iunea de aprare s se realizeze printr/o fapt prevzut de legea
penal< *4)r+c9nd $or4! !cte#or "re3+tito!re ori tent!tivei< !(t$e# c+ #e3iti4!
!"+r!re nu "o!te $i invoc!t+ *n c!.u# $!"te#or ce nu (unt "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+
5i !nu4e $!"te#e cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tiv< civi#.
b) 0prarea s fie necesar pentru respingerea atacului< c!r!cteru# nece(!r
!# !"+r+rii (e !"reci!.+ !t9t (u) r!"ortu# *ntinderii c9t 5i (u) r!"ortu# inten(it+ii.
Din "unct de vedere !# 4o4entu#ui (+v9r5irii !ctu#ui de !"+r!re #i4it! nece(it+ii
e(te d!t+ de #i4it! "erico#u#ui re.u#t!t< !dic+ !t9t ti4" c9t (u).i(t+ "erico#u#
(u).i(t+ 5i nece(it!te! *n#+tur+rii #ui. A"+r!re! e(te nece(!r+ (u) r!"ortu# inten(it+ii
!t9t ti4" c9t ! condu( #! *n#+tur!re! !t!cu#ui *n(+ nu ! de"+5it 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui
''
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1/&.
'1
c!re !4enin! v!#o!re! (oci!#+ ocrotit+. Nece(it!te! !"+r+rii tre)uie !n!#i.!t+ 5i *n
r!"ort cu "o(i)i#it!te! ce#ui !t!c!t de ! *n$runt! 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui. Doctrin! "en!#+
con(ider+ c+ #e3iti4! !"+r!re (u).i(t+ 5i !tunci c9nd ce# !t!c!t (e (!#ve!.+ "rin
$u3+< !(cundere din $!! !3re(oru#ui.
c) 0prarea s fie propor.ional cu gravitatea atacului. Pro"orion!#it!te! !"+r+rii
cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui !re *n vedere $!"tu#< c+ de "i#d+ <*n c!.u# unui !t!c *ndre"t!t
*4"otriv! inte3rit+ii cor"or!#e (e "o!te ri"o(t! "rintr-o $!"t+ de !"+r!re ce !re *n
vedere inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+ ! !3re(oru#ui. D!c+ !"!re un de.ecAi#i)ru *ntre ce#e de
v!#ori< $!"t! e(te (+v9r5it+ cu de"+5ire! #i4ite#or #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri.
/313>3 E+ec(ele le@i(iBei ap:!:!i
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re nu con(tituie in$r!ciune deo!rece
#i"(e5te e#e4entu# de )!.+ !# in$r!ciunii 5i !nu4e vinov+i!< $+"tuitoru# ! $o(t
con(tr9n( de nece(it!te! *n#+tur+rii !3re(iunii< !3re(iune ce "une! *n "erico# v!#ori#e
(oci!#e ocrotite< nee8i(t9nd din "!rte! #ui o 4!ni$e(t!re #i)er+ ! voinei.
Ne$iind in$r!ciune < #e3iti4! !"+r!re nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui con(ider9ndu-(e !(t$e# c+ $!"t! (9v+r5it+ *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re nu !re
c!r!cter i#icit ne"ut9nd !tr!3e !(t$e# nicio !#t+ r+("undere 7uridic+.
1pe.:Cauze care nltur carecterul penal al faptei.Legiti+a
aprare.Condi.ii de re.inere.
Curtea de pel !ite"ti, #ecia penal, $ecizia penal nr%&'6()& noie*brie
+'))%
!arerea de ctre inculpat a unei lovituri ndreptate asupra sa cu un obiect
vulnerant, dup ce n prealabil victi*a i,a adresat a*eninri cu *oartea,
aciune n ur*a creia partea vt*at a czut, suferind leziuni vindecabile n
-',-- zile ngrijiri *edicale, "i care i,au pus viaa n pri*ejdie, se circu*scrie
cauzei care nltur caracterul penal al faptei, statuat de art%.. Cod penal "i
anu*e, legiti*a aprare%
''
#ecia penal,decizia penal nr%&'6()& noi*ebrie +'))
Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr.1-/>':11 "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
"en!# nr.16&'>':1: (-! di("u( *n )!.! !rt.1,' !#.1 cod "en!# r!"ort!t #! !rt.1- cod
"en!#< &- #it.) 5i &/ #it.! cod "en!#< cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui B.S. #! o "ede!"(+ de
- #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+ 3r!v+.
Incu#"!tu# ! $o(t o)#i3!t #! "#!t! de("+3u)iri#or civi#e re"re.ent9nd d!une 4!teri!#e
5i 4or!#e c+tre "!rte! civi#+ M.I..
Pentru ! di("une !(t$e#< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut *n e(en+ ur4+to!re#eD
1. 0ntre "+ri !u e8i(t!t ne*ne#e3eri cu "rivire #! *nc+#c!re! de c+tre "!rte! civi#+ !
nor4e#or "rivind re"roducere! !ni4!#e#orB
'. 0n 1- 4!i ':1: "!rte! civi#+ M.I. ! con(u4!t )+uturi !#coo#ice *ntr-un )!r din
co4un! Meri5!ni i!r *n dru4 ("re c!(+ (-! *nt9#nit cu incu#"!tu# c+rui! !
*nce"ut (+-i re"ro5e.e c+ ! intervenit *n "ro)#e4e#e #uiB
-. P!rte! civi#+ ! continu!t ce!rt! 5i ! *nce"ut (+-# #ove!(c+ "e incu#"!t.
/. Incu#"!tu# (-! !"+r!t< !"#ic9ndu-i "+rii civi#e o (in3ur+ #ovitur+< cu "u4nu# *n
.on! )uc!#+< *n ur4! c+rui! victi4! ! c+.ut 5i ! (u$erit #e.iuni ce !u nece(it!t
"entru vindec!re un nu4+r de 22 .i#e *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e 5i c!re i-!u "u( vi!! *n
"ri4e7die.
0n dre"t< in(t!n! ! c!#i$ic!t $!"t! c! *ntrunind e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e
in$r!ciunii "rev. de !rt.1,' !#.1< *n condiii#e reinerii c!u.ei 7u(ti$ic!tive !
"rovoc+rii "rev. de !rt.&- #it.) cod "en!#.
04"otriv! (entinei !u dec#!r!t !"e# "+ri#e< incu#"!tu# invoc9nd #e3iti4! !"+r!re <
i!r victi4! *n#+tur!re! circu4(t!nei !tenu!nte #e3!#e ! "rovoc+rii.
Prin deci.i! "en!#+ nr.-1->A>':11 "ronun!t+ de @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 *n do(!r "en!#
nr.-621>':11 (-! !d4i( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de "!rte! v+t+4!t+ cu "rivire #! cu!ntu4u#
de("+3u)iri#or e5!#on!te 5i c!re !u $o(t 4!7or!te. S-! re("in( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de
incu#"!tu# B.S.
'-
04"otriv! deci.iei !u dec#!r!t recur( incu#"!tu# 5i "!rte! civi#+ M.I.< reiter9nd
!ce#e!5i !("ecte c! 5i *n !"e#D incu#"!tu# (o#icit9nd !"#ic!re! !rt.// cod "en!#< i!r
"!rte! civi#+ *n#+tur!re! !rt.&- #it.) cod "en!#.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui e(te $ond!t.
In(t!n! nu ! $+cut o ev!#u!re 7udicio!(+ ! *ntre3u#ui "ro)!tor te(ti4oni!#
!d4ini(tr!t *n c!u.+ 5i c!re (e coro)ore!.+ cu dec#!r!ii#e incu#"!tu#ui.
A$ir4!ii#e 4!rtori#or< "otrivit c+ror! "!rte! v+t+4!t+ !ve! *n 49n+ un o)iect
#ucitor nu (unt con$ir4!te - contr!r ce#or reinute de in(t!n+ C de cercet!re! #! $!!
#ocu#ui< ("eci$ic9ndu-(e c+ o)iectu# C cuit de v9n+to!re cu #!4! cro4!t+ (-! v+.ut
5i (tr+#uce! *n #u4in! )ecu#ui .
In(t!ne#e *n 4od 3re5it !u *n#+tur!t dec#!r!ii#e ce#or trei 4!rtori ne4i7#ocii cu
4otiv!re! c+ nu re$#ect+ re!#it!te! deo!rece nu e8i(t+ !#te dec#!r!ii c!re (+ #e
contr!.ic+.
Din coro)or!re! dec#!r!iei incu#"!tu#ui cu dec#!r!i! "+rii v+t+4!te< ! 4!rtori#or
5i recur(uri#e !$#!te #! do(!r reie(e $!"tu# c+ "!rte! v+t+4!t+ v+.9ndu-# "e incu#"!t
*n (e!r! .i#ei de 1- 4!i ':1:< ! ie5it din c!(+ *n (tr!d+< #-! ur4+rit< ti4" *n c!re #-!
in(u#t!t< #-! !4enin!t c+ J*# t!ie 5i to!c+ 4+runtF 5i #! un 4o4ent d!t ! *ncerc!t (+-#
#ove!(c+< incu#"!tu# (-! $erit i!r "!rte! v+t+4!t+ ! c+.ut "e )urt+. U#terior "!rte!
v+t+4!t+ 5i-! d!t 7o( 3e!c! 5i ! (co( un o)iect #ucitor din )u.un!r< (-! !"ro"i!t de
incu#"!t< ! ridic!t )r!u# *n c!re !ve! !ce# o)iect< !ce(t! ! "!r!t #ovitur! 5i ! *4"in(-
o "e "!rte! v+t+4!t+ c!re ! c+.ut "e ("!te.
At!cu# "+rii v+t+4!te *nde"#ine5te condiii#e "entru ! d! n!5tere unei !"+r+ri
#e3iti4e< !ce(te! $iind unu# 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< *ndre"t!t *4"otriv!
incu#"!tu#ui "un9ndu-i *n "erico# 3r!v inte3rit!te!.
Dintre condiii#e enu4er!te< "erico#u# 3r!v (u"ort+ di(cuie d!r !ce(t! e(te 7u(ti$ic!t
de !4enin!re! cu 4o!rte!< (co!tere! unui o)iect #ucitor cu c!re (-! *ndre"t!t c+tre
incu#"!t cu inteni! de !-# #ovi.
'/
A"+r!re! (-! re!#i.!t "rintr-o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< ! $o(t "reced!t+ de
!t!c (-! *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! !3re(oru#ui< ! $o(t nece(!r+ "entru *n#+tur!re! !t!cu#ui
5i ! $o(t "ro"orion!#+ cu 3r!vit!te! !ce(tui!.
At9t! ti4" c9t "!rte! v+t+4!t+ ! ur4+rit incu#"!tu#< !ce(t! (-! retr!(< #-! in(u#t!t 5i
!4enin!t< er! *n!r4!t cu un o)iect #ucitor< ! ridic!t )r!u# *n!r4!t cu inteni! de !-#
#ovi< ri"o(t! incu#"!tu#ui de !-# re("in3e con(tituie un re$#e8 n!tur!# de !"+r!re !
inte3rit+ii $i.ice 5i "rin ur4!re< un !ct nece(!r co4i( *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui $iind $ond!t< Curte! *# v! !d4ite 5i v! di("une (u) !ce(t
!("ect *n )!.! !rt.11 "ct.' #it.! r!"ort!t #! !rt.1: #it.e cod "rocedur+ "en!#+ 5i !rt.//
cod "en!#< !cAit!re! incu#"!tu#ui B.S. de (u) *nvinuire! (+v9r5irii in$r!ciunii
"rev+.ute de !rt.1,' !#.1 cod "en!#.
Co+entariu:
23nstan.ele n +od gre'it au nlturat declara.iile celor trei +artori
ne+ijloci.i cu +otivarea c nu reflect realitatea deoarece nu e4ist alte declara.ii
care s le contrazic.5
0n#+tur!re! dec#!r!ii#or ce#or trei 4!rtori ! $o(t o 3re5e!#+ 4!7or+ c!re !
(cAi4)!t r!dic!# *nc!dr!re! 7uridic+ ! $!"tei "en!#e.
Dec#!r!ii#e incu#"!tu#ui 5i !#e "+rii v+t+4!te !u condu( de($+5ur!re!
"roce(u#ui *ntr-o direcie eron!t+< (cAi4)9ndu-(e *nc!dr!re! $!"tei *ntr-un!
"rev+.ut+ #! !rt.// din !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# de< le@i(iB: ap:!a!e3
/3/3 S(a!ea &e 'ece-i(a(e
/3/31 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
St!re! de nece(it!te e(te o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei<
re3#e4ent!t+ *n a!(3/0 Nou# cod "en!# 5i *n a!(3C4 Actu!#u# cod "en!#< c!re "rev+d
ur4+to!re#eD
Art./0 S(a!ea &e 'ece-i(a(e
=1? E(te 7u(ti$ic!t+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te.
'2
='? E(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te "er(o!n! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru ! (!#v! de #!
un "erico# i4edi!t 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e#< vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+ (!u
(+n+t!te! (! ori ! !#tei "er(o!ne (!u un )un i4"ort!nt !# (+u ori !# !#tei "er(o!ne (!u
un intere( 3ener!#< d!c+ ur4+ri#e $!"tei nu (unt v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r
$i "utut "roduce *n c!.u# *n c!re "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
'-
3
A!(3C4 =1? Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ *n
(t!re de nece(it!te.
='? E(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru ! (!#v! de
#! un "erico# i4inent 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e# <vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+
(!u (+n+t!te! (!< ! !#tui! (!u un )un i4"ort!nt !# (+u ori !# !#tui! (!u un intere(
o)5te(cB
=-?Nu e(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te "er(o!n! c!re *n 4o4entu# c9nd ! (+v9r5it
$!"t! 5i-! d!t (e!4! c+ "ricinuie5te ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i
"utut "roduce d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
'/
.
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune deo!rece !ce(t+ $!"t+ nu
e(te (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie< $+"tuitoru# $iind con(tr9n( de nece(it!te! !"+r+rii
*4"otiv! unui "erico# i4inent 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t 4od.
Perico#u# c!re !4enin+ v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite *n c!.u# (t+rii de nece(it!te
"o!te $i 3ener!t de D inund!ii< cutre4ure< incendii 5i nu de !t!cu# unei "er(o!ne<
(itu!ie ("eci$ic+ #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri.
/3/3/ C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e 'ece-i(a(e
Condiii#e *n c!re o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ e(te con(ider!t+ c! $iind
(+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te (unt "rev+.ute *n a!(3C4 Actu!#u# cod "en!# 5i
'-
'/
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:.
'6
"rive(c "e de o "!rte "erico#u#< i!r "e de !#t+ "!rte< $!"t! (+v9r5it+ "entru (!#v!re!
v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i(%a!e la pe!ic%l
a& 6nt,+plarea care d na'tere pericolului este datorat unei cauze fortuite<
3ene.! "erico#u#ui e(te de ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori un eveni4ent *nt94"#+torD
un cutre4ur< o inund!ie< un incendiu etc< d!r "o!te $i d!tor!t+ 5i unor
!ctivit+i o4ene5ti i4"rudente (!u intenion!te cu4 !r $i ("re e8e4"#u
(itu!i! unui incendiu dec#!n5!t de un individ.
-& Pericolul tre-uie s fie i+inent< $iind "e "unctu# de ! (e "roduce < d!r
e(te nece(!r "entru ! "ute! vor)i de (t!re de nece(it!te c! "erico#u# (+ $ie
*n "unctu# de ! trece de #! !4enin!re #! "roducere! e$ectiv+ ! r+u#uiB
condiie ce e(te *nde"#init+ 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re "erico#u# (-! dec#!n5!t
devenind !(t$e# !ctu!#. Perico#u# tre)uie *n(+ (+ $ie 5i re!#< *n (en(u# c+ nu
tre)uie (+ (e !$#e (u) (e4nu# incertitudinii $iind !"t (+ "roduc+
$+"tuitoru#ui o (erio!(+ te4ere c+ !ce(t! (e v! "roduce.
c& Pericolul tre-uie s a+enin.e via.a, integritatea corporal sau sntatea
unei persoane, un -un i+portant al acesteia ori un interes general. O
$!"t+ !"!re c! $iind (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te c9nd !ce!(t! ! $o(t
nece(!r+ "entru ! (!#v! de #! un "erico# i4inent vi!!< inte3rit!te!
cor"or!#+ (!u (+n+t!te! unei "er(o!ne< un )un i4"ort!nt !# !ce(tei! (!u
un intere( 3ener!#. Noiune! de J)un i4"ort!ntF de(e4ne!.+ !ce# )un
c!re "rin v!#o!re! #ui !rti(tic+< 5tiini$ic+ i(toric+ (!u !$ectiv+< #e3iti4e!.+
!ciune! de (!#v!re *n $!! "erico#u#ui.
d& Pericolul s fie inevita-il< *n (en(u# c+ !ce(t! (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t
$e# dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. A"reciere!
"erico#u#ui c! inevit!)i# (e $!ce "rin #u!re! *n con(ider!re ! *4"re7ur+ri#or
*n c!re "er(o!n! ! $o(t nevoit+ (+ !cione.e (u) !4enin!re! "erico#u#ui<
'&
nee#i4in9nd *n !ce#!5i ti4" "!rticu#!rit+i#e "(iAo$i.ice !#e "er(o!nei
"entru ! "ute! concide d!c+ !ce!(t! "ute! (+ "rev!d+ 5i !#t+ "o(i)i#it!te
de (!#v!re "o!te cAi!r 4!i "uin d+un+to!re.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i(%a!e la ac*i9'ea &e -al.a!e
a& 0c.iunea s fie necesar pentru (!#v!re! de #! "erico# ! v!#ori#or< *n
sensul c aceasta tre-uie s fie singura cale de salvare n situa.ia de fapt
dat. Nece(it!te! !ciunii de (!#v!re (e !"reci!.+ *n r!"ort cu i4inen! 5i
!ctu!#it!te! "erico#u#ui.
-& Aciune! de (!#v!re (+ (e re!#i.e.e "rin co4itere! unei $!"te "rev+.ute de
#e3e! "en!#+
c& Prin ac.iunea de salvare s nu se cauzeze ur+ri vdit +ai grave dec,t
acelea care s/ar fi produs dac pericolul nu era nlturat. Aciune! de
(!#v!re ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e *4"otriv! "erico#u#ui i4inent e(te nece(!r+
nu4!i d!c+ nu "roduce ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e ce (-!r $i "rodu(
d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. Per(o!n! c!re !cione!.+ tre)uie (+ !i)e
re"re.ent!re! !t9t ! 3r!vit+ii "erico#u#ui< ! ur4+ri#or !ce(tui! c9t 5i !
ur4+ri#or $!"tei (!#e de (!#v!re. D!c+ $+"tuitoru# nu 5i-! d!t (e!4! c+ "rin
!ciune! (! c!u.e!.+ ur4+ri 4!i 3r!ve< $!"t! ur4e!.+ ! $i con(ider!t+
(+v9r5it+ tot *n (t!re de nece(it!te< d!r *n (itu!i! *n c!re $+"tuitoru# 5i-!
d!t (e!4! de $!"tu# c! "rin !ciune! (! de (!#v!re "ricinuie5te ur4+ri
v+dit 4!i 3r!ve *n !ce(!t+ (itu!ie $!"t! nu e(te (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te ci con(tituie in$r!ciune ce !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui< recuno(c9ndu-(e *n(+ *n $!vo!re! !ce(tui! circu4(t!n!
!tenu!nt+ ! de"+5irii #i4ite#or (t+rii de nece(it!te.
d& 7apta s nu fie svr'it de ctre, sau pentru a salva o persoan, care
avea o-liga.ia de a nfrunta pericolul (itu!ie *n c!re (e !re *n vedere
!nu4ite "ro$e(ii ce "rin n!tur! #or o)#i3+ "e "ro$e(ioni(t (+ *n$runte
"erico#u#.
',
/3/3>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune< deo!rece nu e(te
(+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie 5i< "e c!#e de con(ecin+<nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+.
0n "rinci"iu< (t!re! de nece(it!te nu !re c! e$ect 5i *n#+tur!re! r+("underii
civi#e< deo!rece< de ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori< (e "roduc "re7udicii !#tei "er(on!e< c+rei! nu
i (e "o!te re"ro5! ni4ic cu "rivire #! "roducere! "erico#u#ui r("ectiv.
Re"!r!re! "re7udiciu#ui c!u.!t "rin $!"t! de !"+r!re co4i(+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te "o!te reveni "er(o!nei (!#v!te c9nd ivire! "erico#u#ui ce ! 3ener!t (t!re!
de nece(it!te (e d!tore!.+ unui eveni4ent=cutre4ur< inund!ie etc.?
'2
.
C9nd "erico#u# (-! "rodu( "rin $!"t! "er(o!nei v+t+4!te< !tunci e(te *n#+tur!t+
5i r+("undere! civi#+
'6
.
1pe.:6ndeplinirea condi.iilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei.
/ribunalul 01E2, $ecizia Nr% 33 din 3 aprilie +')'
ndeplinirea condiiilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care nltur
caracterul penal al faptei%Neagravarea situaiei inculpatului n propria cale de
atac% Neincidena pedepsei accesorii prevzut de art% 3) Cod penal raportat la
art% 6. alin% ) lit% c Cod penal, privind interzicerea pe ti*pul deteniei a dreptului
de a desf"ura o activitate de natura celei de care s,a folosit conda*natul la
co*iterea infraciunii n cazul conducerii unui autove4icul pe dru* public fr
titlu de obligaie decurg5nd din profesie , funcie sau o activitate n sensul legii%
Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr. -6 din :1.:'.':1:< "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n
do(!ru# nr. 6:2:>':&>'::1< *n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,6 !#.' din OUG nr.112>'::'
re".< cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#.=$!"t! din ''.1:.'::,?< ! $o(t
cond!4n!t incu#"!tu# S. G< "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere "e
'2
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".12-.
'6
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2/.
'1
dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !# c+rei "er4i( i-! $o(t
!nu#!t< #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n *ncAi(o!re .
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re". cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in.1 #it.! Cod "en!#=$!"t! din ''.1:.'::,? ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu#
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ c!re !re o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n
(9n3e< #! "ede!"(! de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,6 !#.' din OUG nr.112>'::' re".< cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in. 1 #it. ! Codu#ui "en!#=$!"t! din :/.1'.'::,?< ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !# c+rei "er4i( i-! $o(t !nu#!t<#! "ede!"(! de 1 !n *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re". cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#=$!"t! din :/.1'.'::,?< ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ c!re !re o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n
(9n3e< #! "ede!"(! de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. -- #it.! - -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# (-! con(t!t!t c+
!ce(te in$r!ciuni (e !$#+ *n concur( re!#< conto"indu-(e "ede"(e#e (t!)i#ite "entru
in$r!ciuni#e concurente 5i (-! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! ce! 4!i 3re!< de ' !ni
*ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!#< (-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re !"#ic!t+ incu#"!tu#ui
"rin (entin! "en!#+ nr./12>-1.1:.'::& "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
nr./16/>':&>'::&< de$initiv+ "rin ne!"e#!re< cu4u#9nd !rit4etic "re.ent! "ede!"(+<
de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re cu "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re .
-:
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# (-! di("u( e8ecut!re! *n *ntre3i4e
de c+tre incu#"!t ! "ede"(ei re.u#t!nte de - !ni 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n te4eiu# !rt.&1 !#in.1 5i ' Cod "en!# (-!u inter.i( incu#"!tu#ui e8ercit!re!
dre"turi#or "rev+.ute de !rt.6/ !#in. 1 #it. ! te.! II<)<c din !ce#!5i cod.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.-/1 r!". #! !rt.111 !#in.1 Codu# de "rocedur+ "en!#+.< !
$o(t o)#i3!t incu#"!tu# #! "#!t! (u4ei de -:: de #ei< cAe#tuie#i 7udici!re !v!n(!te de
(t!t.
Pentru ! "ronun! !ce!(t+ (entin+< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut c! "rin recAi.itoriu#
"rocuroru#ui din c!dru# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ Hudec+tori! Pite5ti cu
nr.'&,->P>'::, <*nre3i(tr!t #! Hudec+tori! Pite5ti #! nr.6:2:>':&>'::1< ! $o(t "u(+ *n
4i5c!re !ciune! "en!#+ 5i tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui S. G. "entru
(+v9r5ire! in$r!ciuni#or "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#.' (i ,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::'
re". 5i !rt.,6 !#in.' (i !rt.,& !#in.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re".<to!te cu !"#ic!re!
!rt.-- #it. ! 5i !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it.! Cod "en!#.
S-! reinut din recAi.itoriu c+ "ri4! in(t!n+ ! $o(t (e(i.!t+ de !cee! c+
incu#"!tu# *n .i#e#e de ''.1:.'::, 5i re("ectiv :/.1'.'::,< ! condu( "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice !utoturi(4u# "ro"riet!te! "er(on!#+ du"+ ce ! con(u4!t )+uturi !#coo#ice 5i
!v9nd "er4i(u# de conducere !nu#!t< *n ur4! "ronun+rii (entinei "en!#e
nr./12>-1.1:.'::& "rin c!re ! $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni
*ncAi(o!re "entru co4itere! in$r!ciunii de conducere (u) in$#uen! )+uturi#or
!#coo#ice. 0n ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor (e !r!t+ c+ (-! con(t!t!t c+ incu#"!tu#
!ve! o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+.
Pre.ent *n "ri4! in(t!n+< cu oc!.i! !(cu#t+rii<(-! reinut c+ incu#"!tu# 5i-!
recuno(cut *nvinuiri#e !du(e "rin !ctu# de (e(i.!re ! in(t!nei< re("ectiv c+< du"+ ce
! con(u4!t (e!r! )+uturi !#coo#ice co4)in!te< ! condu( !utoturi(4u# "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice 5i <totod!t+< c+ *5i 4enine dec#!r!ii#e d!te *n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+.
-1
An!#i.9nd !cte#e 5i #ucr+ri#e do(!ru#ui< re("ectiv D "ie(e#e do(!ru#ui de ur4+rire
"en!#+ =$.1-2-?< !ctu# de (e(i.!re ! in(t!nei =$.1<'?< dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui
=$.1:?<dec#!r!ii#e 4!rtori#or !udi!i<"ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut c+ #! d!t! de
''.1:.'::,< !3enii Po#iiei or!5u#ui Pite5ti !$#!i *n e8ercit!re! !tri)uiuni#or de
(erviciu<#-!u o"rit *n tr!$ic "e incu#"!t c!re conduce! !utoturi(4u# 4!rc! D!ci!
Bre!K< cu nr. de *n4!tricu#!re DB :6 HHL<("re A#)ot! <"entru un contro# de rutin+.
Se 4!i con(t!t+ c+ incu#"!tu# ! $o(t te(t!t cu un !"!r!t eti#ote(t i!r re.u#t!tu# ! $o(t
c+ !ce(t! "re.int+ o concentr!ie de 1<-6 43 ># !#coo# "ur *n !eru# e8"ir!t i!r *n
ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor ! reie5it c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! o !#coo#e4ie de '</: 3r.
:>::< re("ectiv '<'2 3r. ::: !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< nive# con(t!t!t "rin Bu#etinu# de
!n!#i.+ to8ico#o3ic+C!#coo#e4ie nr.1--:> 1--1> '1.1:.'::, e#i)er!t de Serviciu#
Hudee!n de Medicin+ Le3!#+ Ar3e5.
Pri4! in(t!n+ ! 4!i con(t!t!t c+ <#! d!t! de :/.1'.'::,<incu#"!tu# #! un !#t
contro# !# !3eni#or de "o#iie din c!dru# Po#iiei Pite5ti ! $o(t de"i(t!t din nou
incu#"!tu# *n ti4" ce conduce! !utoturi(4u# "ro"riu du"+ ce ! con(u4!t )+uturi
!#coo#ice. L! te(t!re! cu !"!r!tu# eti#ote(t< re.u#t!tu# ! $o(t de :<&& 43># !#coo# "ur
*n !eru# e8"ir!t i!r *n ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor (-! reinut c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! o
!#coo#e4ie de 1<6: 3r.:::< re("ectiv 1</2 3r.:>:: !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< nive#
con(t!t!t "rin )u#etinu# de !n!#i.+ to8ico#o3ic+C!#coo#e4ie
nr.12'/>12'2>11.1'.'::, e#i)er!t de Serviciu# Hudee!n de Medicin+ Le3!#+ Ar3e5.
A4)e#e in$r!ciuni (e !r!t+ c+ !u $o(t co4i(e de c+tre incu#"!t *n condiii#e *n
c!re i-! $o(t !nu#!t "er4i(u# de conducere *n ur4! "ronun+rii (entinei "en!#e
nr./12>-1.1:.'::& *n do(!r nr./16/>':&>'::& de c+tre Hudec!tori! Pite5ti< "rin c!re
! $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru co4itere!
in$r!ciunii de conducere (u) in$#uen! )+uturi#or !#coo#ice< !$#9ndu-(e *n cur(u#
ter4enu#ui de *ncerc!re de - !ni 5i / #uni .
-'
R!"ort!t #! (t!re! de $!"t 4!i (u( reinut+ - recuno(cut+< de !#t$e#< de c+tre
incu#"!t - "ri4! in(t!n+ ! con(t!t!t c+< *n dre"t< $!"te#e incu#"!tu#ui de ! conduce
"e dru4uri#e "u)#ice *n 4od re"et!t<un !utoveAicu#< cu "er4i(u# de conducere
!nu#!t 5i !v9nd o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< *ntrune(c
e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciuni#or "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#.' (i ,& !#.1 din
OUG nr.112>'::' re". 5i !rt.,6 !#in.' 5i !rt.,& !#in.1 din OUG nr.112>'::'
re".<to!te cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-- #it. ! 5i !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#.
0n virtute! te8te#or #e3!#e 4!i (u( 4enion!te 5i ! di("o.iii#or !rt. &' Cod "en!#<
"ri4! in(t!n+ ! re.o#v!t !ciune! "en!#+ "rin cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui "entru
$iec!re din in$r!ciuni #! "ede"(e#e 4enion!te 4!i (u(.
S-! con(t!t!t c+ !ce(te in$r!ciuni (e !$#+ *n concur( re!# "rev+.ut de !rt. -- #it.
E!F Cod "en!#.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.-/ !#in.1 #it. ) Cod "en!# (-!u conto"it "ede"(e#e
(t!)i#ite "entru in$r!ciuni#e concurente 5i (-! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! ce! 4!i
3re!< de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# <(-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re !"#ic!t+ incu#"!tu#ui
"rin (entin! "en!#+ nr./12 >-1.1:.'::& "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
nr./16/>':&>'::&< de$initiv+ "rin ne!"e#!re< cu4u#9nd !rit4etic "re.ent! "ede!"(+<
de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re cu "ede!"(+ de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# (-! di("u( e8ecut!re! *n *ntre3i4e de
c+tre incu#"!t ! "ede"(ei re.u#t!nte de - !ni 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n te4eiu# !rt.&1 !#in.1 5i ' Cod "en!#. (-! inter.i( incu#"!tu#ui e8ercit!re!
dre"turi#or "rev+.ute de !rt.6/ !#in. 1 #it.! te.! II<) 5i c din !ce#!5i cod.
;!+ de Aot+r9re! Hir(t contr! M!rii Brit!nii 5i Ir#!ndei de Nord din -: 4!rtie '::/
--
"rin c!re C.E.D.O. ! (t!tu!t c! o interdicie !)(o#ut+ de ! vot!< i4"u(+ tuturor
deinui#or nu intr+ *n 4!r7! de !"reciere ! (t!tu#ui< $iind vio#!t !rt. - din Protoco#u#
nr. 1 !# Conveniei< *ntruc9t nu e8i(t+ o #e3!tur+ *ntre interdici! votu#ui 5i
"revenire! in$r!ciuni#or (!u (co"u# rein(eriei (oci!#e ! in$r!ctori#or< (e i4"une
*n#+tur!re! din coninutu# "ede"(ei !cce(orii !"#ic!te incu#"!tu#ui inter.icere!
dre"tu#ui de ! vot! "rev+.ut *n !rt. 6/ !#in. =1? #it. !? te.! I C. "en. Interdici!
dre"turi#or e#ector!#e tre)uie (+ $ie !"#ic!t+ cu re("ect!re! "rinci"iu#ui
"ro"ortion!#it+ii *n $iec!re c!. *n "!rte. Ori< $!+ de n!tur! in$r!ciunii co4i(+ de
incu#"!t< "recu4 5i $!+ de 3r!du# concret de "erico# (oci!#< in(t!n! con(ider+ c+ nu
(e i4"une interdici! dre"tu#ui e#ector!# de ! !#e3e.
0n )!.! di(".!rt.-/1 r!". #! !rt.111 !#in.1 C.".civ.<! $o(t o)#i3!t incu#"!tu# #! "#!t!
(u4ei de -:: de #ei< cAe#tuie#i 7udici!re c+tre (t!t.
04"otriv! !ce(tei (entine ! dec#!r!t !"e# incu#"!tu# S. G. "entru 4otive#e
e8"u(e *n "!rte! introductiv+ ! deci.iei.
In(t!n! ! con(t!t!t c+ !"e#u# e(te $ond!t *n #i4ite#e 5i condiii#e de 4!i 7o(.
Pentru !ce!(t+ conc#u.ie (e reine c+ (entin! "ronun!t+ de "ri4! in(t!n+ e(te
te4einic+ (u) !("ectu# con(t!t+rii "e )!.+ de "ro)e conc#udente ! $!"tu#ui
in$r!ciuni#or !v9nd *nc!dr!re! 7uridic+ 4enion!t+ 4!i (u( <!$#!te *n concur( re!#
condor 4!rt. -- #it. ! Cod "en!#. Iinov+i! incu#"!tu#ui c! !titudine "(iAic+ $!+ de
$!"te#e "en!#e re.u#t+ din conduit! !ce(tui! *n condiii de "re.ent+ !
di(cern+49ntu#ui.
0n !ce(te condiii *n 4od te4einic "ri4! in(t!n+ ! re.o#v!t !ciune! "en!#+ "rin
cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui "entru $iec!re din ce#e / in$r!ciuni.
O"er!iune! de individu!#i.!re ! "ede"(e#or "entru !ce(te in$r!ciuni e(te
core("un.+to!re criterii#or 3ener!#e "rev+.ute de !rt. &' Cod "en!# 5i "!rticu#!re !#e
c!u.ei do!r cu "rivire #! ce#e dou+ in$r!ciuni "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#in. ' din OUG
-/
nr. 112>'::' re". "rin (t!)i#ire! unor nive#uri cu c9te 6 #uni *ncAi(o!re *n "#u( $!+
de 4ini4u# ("eci!#. Cu "rivire #! ce#e#!#te dou+ in$r!ciuni "rev+.ute de !rt. ,& !#in.
1 din !ce#!5i OUG (e reine c+ !ce#e!5i criterii i4"un c! *n vedere! re!#i.+rii
(co"u#ui !ce(tor (!nciuni "rin nive#u# #or c! !ce(t! (+ $ie *n !ce!5i 4+(ur+ *n "#u(
$!+ de 4ini4u# ("eci!#. Ar3u4entu# e(te !ce#! c+ <de5i !"e#!ntu# incu#"!t "re.int+
!ntecedente "en!#e ce con(tituie "ri4u# ter4en ! recidivei "rev+.ut+ de !rt. -& !#in.
1 #it. ) Cod "en!# "rin r!"ort!re #! "re.ente#e in$r!ciuni ce con(tituie ce# de-!#
doi#e! ter4en totu5i "ronun!re! unor "ede"(e "rinci"!#e cu *ncAi(o!re! *n !ce(te
condiii v! deter4in! "e incu#"!t (+-5i coordone.e (u) !("ect vo#itiv conduit! du"+
ce *n "re!#!)i# v! con5tienti.! "e de"#in (t!re! de "erico# cre!t+ "entru "!rtici"!nii
#! tr!$icu# !uto.
Pe de !#t+ "!rte <(e con(t!t+ c+ *n c!u.+ (e i4"une! c! *n vedere! re!#i.+rii
(co"u#ui 4enion!t !nterior (+ (e $!c+ !"#ic!i! nor4e#or cu c!r!cter di("o.itiv !#e
!rt. -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!#< cu "rivire #! ("orire! "ede"(ei 4!i 3re#e !"#ic!t+ #!
conto"ire! $+cut+ "entru in$r!ciuni#e concurente con$or4 !rt. -- #it. ! Cod "en!# de
$!+<*n condiii#e !ce(tei nor4e "en!#e. Cu to!te !ce(te!< !"#ic!re! !ce(tor nor4e nu
4!i e(te "o(i)i#+ *ntruc9t (e *nc!#c+ !(t$e# e$ectu# ne!3r!v+rii (itu!iei *n "ro"ri!
c!#e de !t!c ! incu#"!tu#ui !5! cu4 e(te re3#e4ent!t de !rt. -&' !#in. 1 Cod
"eocedur+ "en!#+.
Se 4!i con(t!t+ c+ "rin (entin+ (-! di("u( *n 4od nete4einic (+ (e !"#ice *n
)!.! !rt. &1 !#in. 1 Cod "en!#< "ede!"(! !cce(orie de inter.icere ! dre"tu#ui
"rev+.ut de !rt. 6/ !#in. 1 #it. c Cod "en!# =dre"tu# de ! ocu"! o $uncie (!u de !
e8ercit! o "ro$e(ie ori de ! de($+5ur! o !ctivit!te de n!tur! !ce#ei! de c!re (-!
$o#o(it incu#"!tu# #! co4itere! in$r!ciuni#or?.Ar3u4entu# e(te !ce#! c+ !cte#e
4!teri!#e ce vi.e!.+ conducere! unui !utoveAicu# *n conte8tu# *n c!re !u $o(t
*ntre"rin(e de incu#"!t=$+r+ tit#u de !tri)uii de (erviciu 5i nici c! ocu"!ie ce (+ *i
-2
"rocure venituri ci "entru intere(e "er(on!#e cu c!r!cter oc!.ion!#? nu in de
e8erciiu# unei $uncii<"ro$e(ii ori !ctivit+i *n (en(u# #e3ii "en!#e.
A"+r+ri#e $or4u#!te *n c!u.+ de incu#"!t (e con(t!t+ c! ne$ond!te. A(t$e#
(u(inere! c+ in$r!ciuni#e co4i(e *n d!t! de '' oct. '::1 nu !u c!r!cter "en!#
*ntruc9t !u $o(t deter4in!te de (t!re! de nece(it!te "rev+.ut+ de !rt. /2 !#in. 1 5i '
Cod "en!# e(te #i"(it+ de te4ei *ntruc9t nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e "retin(e de
!ce(te din ur4+ nor4e 4!teri!# "en!#e. CAi!r d!c+ !cce"t+4 c! "er(o!n! ce
"re.int+ o !$eciune ce (-! 4!ni$e(t!t *n 4od !cut (e i4"une! (+ i (e !corde de
ur3en+ !(i(ten+ 4edic!#+< totu5i reine4 c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! "o(i)i#it!te! (+ recur3+
#! !#te 4i7#o!ce =(o#icit!re! unui t!8i ori ! unei !#te "er(o!ne c!re (+ conduc+
!utoveAicu#u# ce (+ duc+ )o#n!vu# #! unit!te! 4edic!#+. 0n "#u( <(e 4!i reine c+
in$r!ciuni#e "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#in. ' din O.U.G. nr. 112>'::' re". (-!u
con(u4!t *n d!t! de '' oct. '::1 *nc+ din 4o4ente#e c9nd incu#"!tu# ! condu( "e
dru4uri#e "u)#ice !utoveAicu#u# !v9nd "er4i(u# !nu#!t 5i de !rt. ,& !#in. 1 din
!ce#!5i O.U.G. !tunci c9nd (-! !$#!t *n !cei!5i *4"re7ur!re de ! conduce
!utoveAicu#u# "e dru4uri "u)#ice !v9nd o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ ce de"+5e5te #i4it!
#e3!#+ cu oc!.i! de"#!(+rii (!#e c+tre do4ici#iu# din co4un! A#)ot! 7ud. Ar3e5 !#
4!rtorei D. G 5i !# (ou#ui !ce(tei!< du"+ ce *n (e!r! de '1 oct. '::1 ! con(u4!t *n
4od <<co4)in!tF )+uturi !#coo#ice< *n condiii#e *n c!re (co"u# c+#+toriei er!
"er$ect!re! unui contr!ct de v9n.!re cu4"+r!re ! unei 4!5ini 5i nu !(i3ur!re!
!(i(tenei 4edic!#e ! !ce(tei din ur4+ "er(o!ne. De !cee!< !cte#e 4!teri!#e !#e
incu#"!tu#ui c! !tunci c9nd (-! !$#!t #! !ce(te "er(o!ne (+ continue (+ con(u4e
!(t$e# de )+uturi 5i !"oi (+ conduc+ !utoveAicu#u# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< *n !ce(te
condiii<nu dovede5te dec9t $or4! continu+ ! !ciunii ce ine de e#e4entu# 4!teri!#
!# in$r!ciuni#or "rin !tin3ere! 4o4entu#ui e"ui.+rii !ce(tei!.
Conc#u.ii#e din de.)!teri#e ce (e re$er+ #! individu!#i.!re! *n continu!re !
"ede"(ei (e con(t!t+ c+ (unt #i"(ite de te4ei. Pe de o "!rte < conduit! (incer+ !
-6
incu#"!tu#ui de5i *i con$er+ !ce(tui! voc!ie #! circu4(t!n! !tenu!nt+ "rev+.ut+ de
!rt. &/ !#in. 1 #it. c Cod "en!# nu i4"une "entru in(t!n+ (+ $!c+ !"#ic!i! !ce(tor
nor4e cu c!r!cter di("o.itiv deo!rece (-!r !7un3e !(t$e# #! nive#uri !#e "ede"(e#or
"ronun!te co)or9te (u) 4ini4e#e ("eci!#e c!re !r $i in(u$iciente "entru re!#i.!re!
(co"u#ui 4enion!t !nterior<"rin r!"ort!re #! ce#e#!#te criterii ="er(everen+
in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui<circu4(t!ne#e $!"te#or "en!#e<etc.?.Ace#e!5i !r3u4ente
(e rein 5i cu "rivire #! c!r!cteru# ne$ond!t !# invoc+rii dre"t circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+
7udec+tore!(c+ "rev+.ut+ de !rt. &/ !#in. ' Cod "en!# ! (t+rii de (+n+t!te !
incu#"!tu#ui. 0n ce "rive5te re$erire! #! individu!#i.!re! "ede"(ei !"#ic!t+ #!
conto"ire "rin (u("end!re! condiion!t+ ori (u) (u"r!ve3Aere ! !ce(tei! (e con(t!t+
c+ !ce!(t! nu e(te "er4i(+ de #e3e *ntruc9t nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e i4"u(e de
!rt. ,1 !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# c! incu#"!tu# (+ nu 4!i $i $o(t cond!4n!t !nterior #!
"ede!"(! *ncAi(orii 4!i 4!re de 6 #uni="entru "ri4! $or4+ de (u("end!re? 5i !rt. ,6
!#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# de ! nu 4!i $i $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! *ncAi(orii 4!i
4!re de 1 !n="entru ce! de ! dou! $or4+? <*n condiii#e *n c!re cond!4n!re! (! #!
"ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "rin (entin! "en!#+ nr. /12>-1.1:.'::& !
Hudec+toriei Pite5ti nu e(te cu"rin(+ *ntre c!.uri#e de e8ce"ie "rev+.ute de !rt. -,
Cod "en!#.
0n con(ecin+<"rin deci.i! nr. && "ronun!t+ #! d!t! de & !"ri#ie ':1: *n do(!ru#
nr. 6:2:>':&>'::1 @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 ! !d4i( !"e#u# incu#"!tu#ui <! de($iin!t *n
"!rte (entin! (u) !("ect "en!# *n (en(u# c+ (-! di("u( con$or4 ce#or 4enion!te
!nterior<de(conto"indu-(e 4!i *nt9i "ede!"(! re.u#t!nt+ !"#ic!t+ #! conto"ire de
"ri4! in(t!n+ < !"oi reduc9ndu-(e ce#e dou+ "ede"(e !#e *ncAi(orii 4enion!te
!nterior< du"+ c!re (-!u conto"it "ede"(e#e din "re.ent! c!u.+ *n noi#e condiii
con$or4 !rt. -- #it. ! r!". #! !rt. -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# "rin !"#ic!re! "ede"(ei
4!i 3re#e i!r *n )!.! !rt. ,- Cod "en!# (-! cu4u#!t !ce!(t! din ur4+ "ede!"(+ cu
"ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru c!re (-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
-&
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii< (-! (t!)i#it "ede!"(! tot!#+ ! *ncAi(orii < (-! *n#+tur!t
"ede!"(! co4"#e4ent!r+ 4enion!t+ !nterior c! nete4einic+ 5i (-! 4eninut re(tu#
di("o.iii#or (entinei.
Co+entariu:
26ndeplinirea condi.iilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei.Neagravarea situa.iei inculpatului n propria
cale de atac. Neinciden.a pedepsei accesorii prevzut de art. 8( Cod penal
raportat la art. "9 alin. ( lit. c Cod penal, privind interzicerea pe ti+pul deten.iei a
dreptului de a desf'ura o activitate de natura celei de care s/a folosit
conda+natul la co+iterea infrac.iunii n cazul conducerii unui autove:icul pe
dru+ pu-lic fr titlu de o-liga.ie decurg,nd din profesie , func.ie sau o activitate
n sensul legii.5
Con(ider o 3re5e!#+ *nc!dr!re! $!"te#or< c! $iind $!"te c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# !ce(tor!< in9nd (e!4! c+ er! vor)! de un cu4u# de 3re5e#i "e !cee!5i
te4+< incu#"!tu# devenind cAi!r un "erico# (oci!# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< de 4!i
4u#te ori.
/3>3 EEe!ci(a!ea 9'9i &!ep( -a9 ='&epli'i!ea 9'ei %,li@a*ii
/3>31 N%*i9'e )i c%'&i*ii
!otrivit art% +) Noul cod penal,6)) este justificat fapta prevzut de legea
penal const5nd n e7ercitarea unui drept recunoscut de lege sau n ndeplinirea
unei obligaii i*puse de lege, cu respectarea condiiilor "i li*itelor prevzute de
aceasta%
6+) Este de ase*enea justificat fapta prevzut de legea penal, const5nd n
ndeplinirea unei obligaii i*puse de autoritatea co*petent, n for*a prevzut
de lege, dac aceasta nu este n *od vdit ilegal
+3
%
'&
-,
E(te o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ con(!cr!t+ e8"#icit de nou# Cod "en!#< (u) i4"eriu#
Codu#ui din 1161< e! con(tituind o c!u.+ e8tr!#e3!#+< !(t$e# c+ nou! re3#e4ent!re
nu !re core("ondent *n di("o.iii#e !ce(tui cod.
C!r!cteru# (+u 7u(ti$ic!tiv *5i !re $und!4entu# *n unit!te! ordinii 7uridice<
c+ci nu !r $i de conce"ut c! o !ctivit!te !utori.!t+ (!u ordon!t+ de o nor4+ 7uridic+
(+ $ie con(ider!t+ i#icit+ de c+tre o !#t+ nor4+.
0n cee! ce "rive5te e8ercit!re! unui dre"t< *n doctrin+ (e !r!t+ c+ !ce(t! *5i
"o!te !ve! i.voru# !t9t *ntr-o #e3e *n (en( re(tr9n(< c9t 5i *n !#te !cte nor4!tive
=Aot+r9ri< !cte !d4ini(tr!tive individu!#e? (!u *n cutu4+.
Cu tit#u e8e4"#i$ic!tiv< 4+ voi o"ri *n ce#e ce ur4e!.+ !(u"r! c9torv! (itu!ii *n
c!re e8ercit!re! unui dre"t !"!re c! o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+.
a& dreptul de corec.ie al prin.ilor asupra copiilor +inori
Con(ider!t de 4!7orit!te! doctrinei c! un dre"t de (or3inte cutu4i!r+<
dre"tu# "+rini#or de ! !"#ic! une#e corecii de 4ic+ 3r!vit!te co"ii#or #or< e(te
(u(ce"ti)i# de ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# i##icit *n c!.u# unor $!"te de 3r!vit!te redu(+
=!4enin!re! etc.?.
Av9nd *n vedere 4odi$ic+ri#e #e3i(#!tive din u#ti4ii !ni cu inciden+ *n do4eniu#
"roteciei dre"turi#or co"i#u#ui< tre)uie (+ !d4ite4 c+ *n "re.ent *n ($er! dre"tu#ui
de corecie nu (e 4!i "o!te inc#ude 5i dre"tu# de ! e8ercit! vio#ene $i.ice< cAi!r de
4ic+ inten(it!te =a!(3 17> ali'3 1 Nou# Cod Pen!#?< !(t$e# c+ !ce(te! vor tre)ui
con(ider!te c! $!"te ne7u(ti$ic!te 5i !tunci c9nd !u $o(t co4i(e *n c!dru $!4i#i!# 5i
*n #e3+tur+ cu educ!re! 4inoru#ui.
Dre"tu# de corecie "o!te $i de#e3!t de c+tre "+rini *n $!vo!re! !#tor "er(o!ne
=educ!tori< "er(o!ne *n 3ri7! c+ror! e(te #+(!t 4inoru#?< d!r nu "o!te $i e8ercit!t de
"er(o!ne (tr+ine.
-& autorizarea oficial
De ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori !)(en! unei !utori.+ri din "!rte! or3!nu#ui de (t!t
co4"etent !"!re c! un e#e4ent con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< !(t$e# c+ !utori.!re!
-1
*n#+tur+ *n(+5i "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+. 0n i"ote.! *n c!re #e3iuitoru# nu !
"rev+.ut !ce(t e#e4ent con(titutiv< e8i(ten! unei !utori.+ri !re (e4ni$ic!i! unei
c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive. A5! de "i#d+< e8Au4!re! unui c!d!vru *ntrune5te e#e4ente#e
con(titutive !#e $!"tei "rev+.ute de a!(3 >8> Nou# Cod Pen!#.< *n(+ !tunci c9nd (-!
e$ectu!t cu !utori.!i! e4i(+ de or3!nu# de (t!t co4"etent< nu v! !ve! c!r!cter i#icit
5i< deci< nu v! con(titui in$r!ciune.
c& e4ercitarea unor drepturi ale creditorului
S"re e8e4"#u< dre"tu# de retenie< recuno(cut de doctrin+ 5i 7uri("ruden+ *n
$!vo!re! creditoru#ui cu "rivire #! )unu# de)itoru#ui "9n+ #! e8ecut!re! o)#i3!ii#or
n+(cute *n #e3+tur+ cu #ucru# re("ectiv< con(tituie o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ *n c!.u#
$!"tei de !)u. de *ncredere =a!(3 />8 Nou# Cod Pen!#? co4i(+ *n 4od!#it!te!
re$u.u#ui de re(tituire.
0n cee! ce "rive5te ndeplinirea unei o-liga.ii< !ce!(t! "o!te !ve!
(e4ni$ic!i! unei c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive< indi$erent d!c+ e(te vor)! de o o)#i3!ie
i.vor9t+ direct dintr-o nor4+ 7uridic+ (!u dintr-o di("o.iie ! !utorit+ii.
S"re e8e4"#u< $!"t! de ! de4o#! un i4o)i# !"!rin9nd !#tei "er(o!ne
*ntrune5te e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e di(tru3erii "rev+.ut+ de a!(3 /4> Nou# Cod
Pen!#. D!c+ *n(+ de4o#!re! (e $!ce "entru "unere! *n e8ecut!re ! unei Aot+r9ri
7udec+tore5ti e4i(e *n !ce(t (en(< $!"t! nu v! contr!veni ordinii 7uridice 5i nu v!
con(titui in$r!ciune.
Atunci c9nd ordinu# de ! co4ite $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! $o(t e4i(
de o !utorit!te< e8ecut!re! (! con(tituie deci c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+< cu e8ce"i! (itu!iei
*n c!re ordinu# e(te v+dit i#e3!#. Prin ur4!re< e8ecut!re! unui ordin i#e3!# intr+ 5i e!
(u) inciden! c!u.ei 7u(ti$ic!tive< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re ordinu# nu e(te v+dit i#e3!#.
S"re e8e4"#u< "unere! *n e8ecut!re ! unui 4!nd!t de !re(t!re e4i( de
7udec+tor nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ ! ce#ui c!re #-! e8ecut!t< cAi!r 5i !tunci c9nd
!re(t!re! ! $o(t di("u(+ cu *nc+#c!re! re3u#i#or de co4"eten+ 4!teri!#+ =ordin
/:
ne#e3!#?. D!c+ *n(+ !re(t!re! ! $o(t di("u(+ de "ri4!ru# #oc!#it+ii< ordinu# e(te v+dit
i#e3!# 5i nu "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ "entru ce# c!re #-! e8ecut!t
',
.
/3C3 C%'-iB*:BF'(9l pe!-%a'ei .:(:Ba(e
/3C31 N%*i9'e
!otrivit art% ++ Noul Cod !enal,6)) este justificat fapta prevzut de legea
penal sv5r"it cu consi**5ntul persoanei vt*ate,dac aceasta putea s
dispun n *od legal de valoarea social lezat sau pus n pericol%
6+) Consi**5ntul persoanei vt*ate nu produce efecte n cazul infraciunilor
contra vieii, precu* "i atunci c5nd legea e7clude efectul justificativ al
acestuia
+&
%
Sunte4 5i de !ce!(t+ d!t+ *n "re.en! unei c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive nou-introdu(e<
di("o.iii#e a!(3 // Nou# Cod Pen!# ne!v9nd core("ondent *n Codu# "en!# din 1161.
@re)uie "reci.!t de #! *nce"ut< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te "o!te
*nde"#ini 4!i 4u#te $uncii. E# "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ de *n#+tur!re ! unui e#e4ent
con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< !tunci c9nd !)(en! con(i4+49ntu#ui !"!re c! un !(t$e#
de e#e4ent.
S"re e8e4"#u< $urtu# e(te #u!re! unui )un 4o)i# din "o(e(i! (!u deteni!
!#tui! fr consi+.+,ntul acestuia =a!(3 //8 Nou# Cod Pen!#?.
O !#t+ "o(i)i#+ $uncie ! con(i4+49ntu#ui< c!re ne intere(e!.+ *n !ce(t conte8t<
con(t+ *n !"titudine! (! de ! *n#+tur! *n !nu4ite c!.uri c!r!cteru# ne7u(ti$ic!t !#
$!"tei< cu !#te cuvinte de ! o"er! c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+. A(t$e#< con(i4+49ntu#
!"!re c! o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ *n c!.u# !ce#or in$r!ciuni "rin c!re (e "rote7e!.+ o
',
S@RE@EANU < ;#orin< MOROGANU< R!#uc!< 3nstitu.ii 'i infrac.iuni n Noul Cod Penal<
Bucure5ti< ':1:< ".&1-&-.
'1
/1
v!#o!re !# c+rei "urt+tor e(te "er(o!n! $i.ic+ (!u 7uridic+ (u)iect "!(iv 5i de c!re
!ce(t (u)iect "o!te di("une.
/3C3/ C%'&i*ii &e .ala,ili(a(e a c%'-iB*:BF'(9l9iD
a& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s fie vala-il e4pri+at
Ace!(t! *n(e!4n+ *n "ri4u# r9nd c+ titu#!ru# v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite tre)uie
(+ $ie o "er(o!n+ c!re *ne#e3e (e4ni$ic!i! !ctu#ui (+u de di("o.iie 5i *# $!ce *n
cuno5tin+ de c!u.+. I!#!)i#it!te! con(i4+49ntu#ui nu e(te< *n(+< condiion!t+ de
e8i(ten! c!"!cit+ii de e8erciiu din dre"tu# civi#. 0n !ce(t (en( (-! "ronun!t 5i
"r!ctic! no!(tr+ 7udici!r+ cu "rivire #! de#i4it!re! in$r!ciunii de vio# $!+ de ce! de
!ct (e8u!# cu un 4inor< rein9nd vio#u# !tunci c9nd d!torit+ v9r(tei victi4! nu !ve!
re"re.ent!re! !ctu#ui "e c!re *# co4ite< $+r+ ! $!ce< *n(+< vreo re$erire #! c!"!cit!te!
civi#+.
Nu e8i(t+< *n(+< de re3u#+< condiii re$erito!re #! $or4! "e c!re con(i4+49ntu#
tre)uie (+ o *4)r!ce< e# $iind v!#!)i# indi$erent d!c+ ! $o(t e8"ri4!t *n $or4+ or!#+
(!u (cri(+. M!i 4u#t<con(i4+49ntu# "o!te $i cAi!r t!cit< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re con(t+
*ntr-un co4"ort!4ent univoc !# titu#!ru#ui dre"tu#ui.
S"re e8e4"#u< de $!+ cu "ro"riet!ru# unui )un< cinev! *# di(tru3e< i!r
"ro"riet!ru# nu $!ce ni4ic "entru !-# *4"iedic! (!u de.!"ro)!.@otu5i< *n !nu4ite
c!.uri< d!torit+ i4"ort!nei v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite 5i ! ri(cu#ui co4iterii unor
!)u.uri<con(i4+49ntu# tre)uie (+ *4)r!ce o !nu4it+ $or4+ cerut+ de #e3e. A5! de
"i#d+< a!(3 1CC din Le@ea '!3 74G/00A i4"une *n 4!teri! "re#ev+rii 5i tr!n("#!ntu#ui
de e(uturi 5i or3!ne u4!ne o (erie de condiii de $or4+ "entru con(i4+49nt.
A(t$e#< !ce(t! tre)uie d!t *n $or4+ (cri(+< con$or4 unui 4ode# (t!)i#it "rin #e3e<cu
!vi.u# co4i(iei de !vi.!re ! don+rii etc.
-& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s fie actual
Ace!(t+ condiie i4"#ic+ $!"tu# c+ e# tre)uie (+ e8i(te #! 4o4entu# co4iterii
in$r!ciunii C deci (+ $ie e8"ri4!t "9n+ ce# t9r.iu #! 4o4entu# "ri4u#ui !ct de
/'
e8ecut!re C 5i (+ (e 4enin+ "e to!t+ "erio!d! co4iterii !ciunii. O r!ti$ic!re
u#terio!r+ ! !ctu#ui co4i( nu ecAiv!#e!.+ cu un con(i4+49nt.
c& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s priveasc o valoare social de care titularul poate
dispune
Ace!(t+ condiie con(tituie nuc#eu# "ro)#e4!ticii re$erito!re #! v!#idit!te!
con(i4+49ntu#ui c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ 5i< *n !ce#!5i ti4"< "rinci"!#! #i4it+ *n
"rivin! ($erei $!"te#or cu "rivire #! c!re "o!te o"er!.
Se con(ider+ c! $iind di("oni)i#e !ce#e dre"turi c!re nu "re.int+ o i4edi!t+
uti#it!te (oci!#+ 5i c!re (unt recuno(cute de (t!t *n "ri4u# r9nd "entru ! !(i3ur!
con$ortu# individu#ui. A(t$e#< e(te e8c#u(+ re#ev!n! c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ !
con(i4+49ntu#ui *n c!.u# $!"te#or c!re !duc !tin3ere unui intere( co#ectiv< !5! cu4
(e *nt94"#+ *n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or contr! (i3ur!nei (t!tu#ui< contr! *n$+"tuirii
7u(tiiei< contr! (+n+t+ii "u)#ice etc.
Con(tituie< *n (cAi4)< dre"turi di("oni)i#e 4!7orit!te! dre"turi#or
"!tri4oni!#e. A(t$e#< *n "rinci"iu< orice "ro"riet!r "o!te con(i4i c! )unu# (+u (+ $ie
di(tru( de o !#t+ "er(o!n+. E8i(t+< *n(+< 5i o e8ce"ie. Atunci c9nd #e3e!
incri4ine!.+ di(tru3ere! )unu#ui "ro"riu de c+tre *n(u5i "ro"riet!r<con(i4+49ntu#
e(te ine$icient< "entru c+ "ro"riet!ru# nu "o!te tr!n(4ite !#tui! un dre"t "e c!re nu *#
!re.0n cee! ce "rive5te dre"turi#e inti4 #e3!te de "er(o!n! titu#!ru#ui< (itu!i! e(te
4u#t 4!i co4"#e8+. Se con(ider+ *n 4!7orit!te! (i(te4e#or 7uridice !ctu!#e c! $iind
indi("oni)i# dre"tu# #! vi!+< eut!n!(i! $iind (!ncion!t+ 5i *n dre"tu# no(tru.
A#te dre"turi individu!#e =(+n+t!te< inte3rit!te cor"or!#+<#i)ert!te< de4nit!te<
ono!re? (unt con(ider!te dre"turi di("oni)i#e *n "rinci"iu< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re
con(i4+49ntu# d!t nu !re c! e$$ect o (!cri$ic!re tot!#+ ! dre"tu#ui *n c!u.+ (!u nu
e(te contr!r ordinii "u)#ice (!u )une#or 4or!vuri.
d& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s provin de la titularul valorii sociale ocrotite
/-
S"re e8e4"#u< *n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or contr! $!4i#iei<con(i4+49ntu# e(te
#i"(it de e$ecte< "entru c+ titu#!ru# v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite e(te (ociet!te! 5i nu unu#
dintre (oi. De !cee!<con(i4+49ntu# (oiei "entru *ncAeiere! de c+tre (o ! unei noi
c+(+torii nu 7u(ti$ic+ in$r!ciune! de )i3!4ie.
Ce# 4!i !de(e!< con(i4+49ntu# e(te e8"ri4!t "er(on!# de c+tre !utor< d!r nu
e(te e8c#u(+ de plano nici "o(i)i#it!te! e8"ri4+rii con(i4+49ntu#ui "rintr-un
re"re.ent!nt. A5! de "i#d+<"ro"riet!ru# unui )un "o!te de#e3! unui !d4ini(tr!tor
dre"tu# de ! con(i4i #! di(tru3ere! !ce(tui!. E8i(t+ *n(+ 5i v!#ori (oci!#e inti4
#e3!te de "er(o!n! titu#!ru#ui< *n c!.u# c+ror! con(i4+49ntu# nu (e "o!te e8"ri4!
de o !#t+ "er(o!n+.
S"re e8e4"#u<con(i4+49ntu# 4!4ei c! un )+r)!t (+ !i)+ un r!"ort (e8u!#
cu $iic! (! nu !re nicio v!#o!re *n #i"(! con(i4+49ntu#ui "er(on!# !# $iicei.
e& consi+.+,ntul s fie deter+inat
Con(i4+49ntu# nu e(te v!#!)i# !tunci c9nd ur4+ri#e !ciunii con(i4ite nu
"ot $i deter4in!te !nterior co4iterii $!"tei.
Nu e(te< *n(+< inco4"!ti)i#+ cu condii! c!r!cteru#ui deter4in!t !#
con(i4+49ntu#ui< e$ectu!re! !ciunii de c+tre un nu4+r nedeter4in!t de "er(o!ne<
d!c+ !ce!(t! ! $o(t voin! titu#!ru#ui dre"tu#ui.
S"re e8e4"#u< "ro"riet!ru# unei #ive.i !nun+ c+ oricine "o!te (+ cu#e!3+
$ructe#e r+4!(e *n #iv!d+.0n 4+(ur! *n c!re !ce(te condiii (unt reunite< tre)uie
recuno(cute con(i4+49ntu#ui "er(o!nei v+t+4!te e$ecte (i4i#!re oric+rei c!u.e
7u(ti$ic!tive. A5! $iind< $!"t! nu v! con(titui in$r!ciune. M!i 4u#t< !v9nd *n vedere
c+ eventu!#u# "re7udiciu (e "roduce *n d!un! ce#ui c!re ! con(i4it #! co4itere!
$!"tei< nu (e v! "ute! !n3!7! nici r+("undere! civi#+ *n (!rcin! ce#ui c!re ! co4i(
!ciune! con(i4it+.
CAP3III3 CAU#ELE DE NEIMPUTABILITATE
0n nou# Cod "en!#< a!(3/>3 Di-p%i*ii @e'e!ale, !"!r ur4+to!re#e !#ine!teD
//
=1? Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ ! $o(t co4i(+ *n
condiii#e vreunei! dintre c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te.
='? E$ectu# c!u.e#or de nei4"ut!)i#it!te nu (e e8tinde !(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or< cu
e8ce"i! c!.u#ui $ortuit
-:
.
>313C%'-(!F'@e!ea +iic:
>31313 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
0n !rt./6 din !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# (unt re3#e4ent!te dou+ c!u.e di(tincte< de
(ine (t+t+to!re< de *n#+tur!re ! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei 5i !nu4eDcon(tr9n3ere!
$i.ic+ 5i con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+.
0n !cce"iune! Nou#ui Cod "en!#< !rt.'/. Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+-Nu e(te
i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ din c!u.! unei con(tr9n3eri
$i.ice c+rei! $+"tuitoru# nu i-! "utut re.i(t!
-1
.
Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+ (!u $or! 4!7or+ e(te "re(iune! "e c!re o $or+ c+rei! nu
i (e "o!te re.i(t! o e8ercit+ !(u"r! ener3iei $i.ice ! unei !#te "er(on!e< *n !5! $e#
*nc9t< !ce!(t! co4ite o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< $iind *n i4"o(i)i#it!te!
$i.ic+ (+ !cione.e !#t$e#
-'
=e8e4"#u< 4i#it!ru# (ecAe(tr!t nu (e "o!te "re.ent! #!
unit!te< !c!ru# e(te i4o)i#i.!t de r+u$+c+tori 5i nu "o!te (cAi4)! 4!c!.u# #! c!#e!
$er!t+< etc.?.
Nu4ero!(e $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5ite (u) i4"eriu#
contr9n3erii $i.ice (unt $!"te de in!ciune =$+"tuitoru# e(te *4"iedic!t (+-5i
*nde"#ine!(c+ o)#i3!ii#e #e3!#e?. Gi $!"te#e de !ciune- c9nd $+"tuitoru# e(te un
(i4"#u in(tru4ent #! co4!nd! unei ener3ii (tr+ine - "ot $i (+v9r5ite (u) i4"eriu#
con(tr9n3erii $i.ice=e8e4"#u< o "er(o!n+ e(te *4"iedic!t+ 5i c!de "e(te un co"i#
v+t+49ndu-# etc.?.
-:
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1.
-1
-'
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'22.<
/2
>313/3C%'&i*iile c%'-(!F'@e!ii +iice
!? E8i(ten! unei contr9n3eri !(u"r! $i.icu#ui unei "er(on!e. Aciune! de
contr9n3ere "o!te $i e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ $i.ic+ =i4o)i#i.!re< (ecAe(tr!re?B "o!te
"roveni din c!u.! unui "roce( $i.io#o3ic =e"i#e"(ie< (t!re de #e5in< etc.? c!re *n#+tur+
co4"#et orice "!rtici"!re ! "er(o!nei #! "roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui i##icitB "o!te $i
e8ercit!t+ de un !ni4!# "ericu#o( =c9ine dre(!t c!re i4o)i#i.e!.+ $+"tuitoru#? ori de
$ore#e n!turii =e8e4"#u< un v9nt "uternic "rovo!c+ v!#uri c!re !runc+
!4)!rc!iune! cu tot< cu "er(on!#u# n!vi3!nt #! 4!#< "rovoc9nd di(tru3ere! !#tor
n!ve etc.?
--
B
)? Con(tr9n3erii #! c!re ! $o(t (u"u(+ "er(o!n! (+ nu i (e $i "utut re.i(t!.
Per(o!n! con(tr9n(+ $i.ic tre)uie (+ (e !$#e *n (itu!i! de ! nu "ute! o"une o
re.i(ten+ e$ic!ce !ciunii de contr9n3ere< (+v9r5ind *n !ce(t $e# $!"t!.
Po(i)i#it!te! de ! re.i(t! con(tr9n3erii (e !"reci!.+ #! c!.u# concret< in9nd
(e!4!< deo"otriv+< de n!tur! 5i de inten(it!te! $orei de con(tr9n3ere< c! 5i de
c!"!cit!te! 5i (t!re! "(iAic+ ! "er(o!nei con(tr9n(e
-/
B
c? Su) i4"eriu# con(tr9n3erii $i.ice< "er(o!n! (+ co4it+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de
#e3e! "en!#+. Nu !re re#ev!n+ d!c+ $!"t! co4i(+ *4)r!c+ $or4! tent!tivei (!u !
in$r!ciunii con(u44!te< ori d!c+ $+"tuitoru# ! "!rtici"!t #! co4itere! ei *n c!#it!te
de !utor< in(ti3!tor (!u co4"#ice.
>313>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
--
GEORGE,Antoniu< ;inov.ia penal,Bucure5tiD Editur! Ac!de4iei< '::-< ".'21.
-/
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'26.
/6
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ (u) i4"eriu# contr9n3erii $i.ice nu e(te in$r!ciune "entru c+
*i #i"(e5te vinov+i!. Ne$iind in$r!ciune< $!"t! nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+< i!r
r+("undere! civi#+< *n "rinci"iu< e(te 5i e! *n#+tur!t+
-2
.
>3/3 C%'-(!F'@e!ea B%!al:
>3/313 N%*i9'e
Con(t+ *n e8ercit!re! unei "re(iuni "e c!re o "er(o!n+ o re!#i.e!.+ "rin orice
4i7#o!ce !(u"r! "(iAicu#ui !#tei "er(on!e< *n !5! $e# *nc9t< (u) (t+"9nire! unei te4eri
3r!ve< "er(o!n! con(tr9n(+< nu-5i 4!i "o!te diri7! *n 4od #i)er voin! 5i (+v9r5e5te
o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ =e8e4"#u< (u) !4enin!re! cu "i(to#u#<
$uncion!ru# *ntoc4e5te un !ct $!#(?
-6
.
>3/3/3C%'&i*iile c%'-(!F'@e!ii B%!ale
S+ (e (+v9r5e!(c+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (u) i4"eriu# unei
con(tr9n3eri e8ercit!t+ "rin !4enin!reB
S+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere e8ercit!t+ "rin !4enin!re cu un "erico#
3r!v c!re cree!.+ "er(o!nei !4enin!te un (enti4ent de te!4+ (u) i4"eriu# c+rei!
(+v9r5e5te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
Perico#u# tre)uie (+ vi.e.e un r+u ire"!r!)i# (!u 3reu de re4edi!t.
O !(e4ene! 3r!vit!te !r "re.ent! !4enin+ri#e c!re (-!r re$eri #! v!#ori#e
(oci!#e #e3!te de "er(o!n! o4u#ui =vi!!< (+n+t!te!< #i)ert!te!< etc.?< !dic+ #! v!#ori
(u(ce"ti)i#e (+ cree.e o "uternic+ "re(iune "(iAic+ 5i (+ "!r!#i.e.e voin!
(u)iectu#ui
-&
.
0n "r!ctic! 7udici!r+< (-! deci( c+ nu e8i(t+ con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+ d!c+
incu#"!tu# - co4"#ice #! de#!"id!re - ! d!t !7utor !utoru#ui (+ co4it+ in$r!ciune!<
-2
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".12.
-6
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".12.
-&
PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu<'::&<".-',.
/&
d!torit+ te4erii "e c!re i-!u in("irit-o !4enin+ri#e !ce(tui! c+ *# v! *nde"+rt! din
(erviciu deo!rece e(te recidivi(t.
Perico#u# 3r!v cu c!re (e !4enin+ (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e# dec9t "rin
(+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
D!c+ $+"tuitoru# "ute! *n#+tur! "erico#u# "rintr-o $!"t+ ne"rev+.ut+ de #e3e!
"en!#+< er! o)#i3!t (+ (+v9r5e!(c+ o !(t$e# de $!"t+.
St!)i#ire! evit!)i#it+ii ori inevit!)i#it+ii "erico#u#ui "e !#t+ c!#e e(te o
"ro)#e4+ ce (e re.o#v+ *n concret *n $uncie de *4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re ! !vut #oc< c9t
5i de "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui
-,
.
>3/3>3 E+ec(ele c%'-(!F'@e!ii B%!ale
;!"t! co4i(+ (u) i4"eriu# con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e nu e(te in$r!ciune deo!rece
#i"(e5te vinov+i!. 0n con(ecin+< nu e(te !ntren!t+ nici r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui.
1pe.:
C%'-(!F'@e!e B%!al:3 C%'&i*ii3 Da!e &e Bi(:3 P!%.%ca!ea ac9a(9l9i &e c:(!e
%!@a'ele D9&icia!e
Cuprins pe *aterii8 Drept penal. Partea general. 3nfrac.iunea. Cauzele
care nltur caracterul penal al faptei
9ndice alfabetic8 Drept penal
- constr,ngere +oral
- dare de +it
- provocarea acuzatului de ctre organele judiciare
C3 pe'3, !rt. /6 !#in. ='?< !rt. '22
-,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2&.
/,
1. Con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+< c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
"rev+.ut+ *n !rt. /6 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< "re(u"une *nde"#inire! ur4+to!re#or
condiiiD (+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r!
"(iAicu#ui unei !#te "er(o!ne< "rin !4enin!reB !4enin!re! (+ cree.e un "erico#
3r!v "entru $+"tuitor (!u "entru o !#t+ "er(o!n+< *n c!.u# *n c!re nu !r (+v9r5i $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B "erico#u# cu c!re (e !4enin+ (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t
dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+.
E$ectu!re! unor cercet+ri 7udici!re (t!nd!rd ("eci$ice (o#uion+rii c!u.e#or
"en!#e de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< "rin c!re - cAi!r d!c+ (-!r $i $in!#i.!t cu
tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui - nu (e cre! un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! (!
*n c!.u# *n c!re nu !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! de d!re de 4it+< nu *ntrune5te condiii#e
con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e 5i< *n con(ecin+< nu *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
"rev+.ute *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr.
&,>':::.
'. 0n #u4in! 7uri("rudenei Curii Euro"ene ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< nu "o!te $i
reinut+ "rovoc!re! !cu.!tu#ui de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re inteni!
in$r!cion!#+ 5i "redi("o.ii! de ! co4ite in$r!ciune! e8i(t!u de7!< inteni!
in$r!cion!#+ ne$iind cre!t+ "rin !ciune! or3!ne#or 7udici!re< i!r !utorit+i#e
7udici!re !ve!u 4otive *nte4ei!te (+ (u("ecte.e !ctivit+i#e i#icite !#e "er(o!nei
!cu.!te.
I.C.C.H.< Seci! "en!#+< deci.i! nr. 1,6- din 11 4!i ':1:
Prin (entin! nr. 1&6 din , 4!i '::1< @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5< Seci! "en!#+< !
di("u( - *n )!.! !rt. 11 "ct. ' #it. !? r!"ort!t #! !rt. 1: !#in. =1? #it. e? Cod "rocedur+
"en!#+ - !cAit!re! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+
"rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? C. "en. cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr.
&,>':::.
/1
Pentru ! di("une *n !ce(t (en(< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! con(t!t!t c+< "rin
recAi.itoriu# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5< (-! di("u( "unere! *n
4i5c!re ! !ciunii "en!#e 5i tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. "entru
(+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu
re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr. &,>':::< con(t9nd *n !cee! c+< #! d!t! de 1'
$e)ru!rie '::1< ! d!t (u4! de ':: euro !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. "entru ! nu 4!i
continu! cercet+ri#e *n do(!ru# nr. &62>P>'::1 !# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+
Hudec+tori! Pite5ti. S-! reinut c+< #! d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. !
$o(t o"rit *n tr!$ic de c+tre #ucr+tori de "o#iie< *n ti4" ce conducere! !utoturi(4u#
"e r!.! #oc!#it+ii Pite5ti. Cu !ce!(t+ oc!.ie< incu#"!tu# N.M.< c+rui! i-!u $o(t
(o#icit!te docu4ente#e< ! dec#!r!t inii!# c+ nu !re "er4i(u# de conducere !(u"r! (!.
Proced9ndu-(e #! veri$ic+ri< (-! (t!)i#it c+ incu#"!tu# N.M. "o(ed+ "er4i( de
conducere 5i c+ !ce(t! $i3ur! c! $iind reinut de Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u< #!
d!t! de 1, iu#ie '::,< "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere ! unui
!utoveAicu# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice !v9nd o !#coo#e4ie ce de"+5e! #i4it! #e3!#+<
$!"t+ "entru c!re e(te *n "re.ent cercet!t. De !(e4ene!< !(u"r! #ui N.M. (-! 4!i
3+(it un "i(to# cu )i#e< "entru c!re !ce(t! nu ! "utut "re.ent!< #! 4o4entu#
re("ectiv< "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+.
Con$or4 recAi.itoriu#ui< #! d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-!
de"#!(!t "e r!.! #oc!#it+ii Pite5ti.< unde #-! cont!ct!t "e !3entu# de "o#iie A.N.< ce
e$ectu! cercet+ri $!+ de e# *n do(!ru# nr. &62>P>'::1 !# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+
Hudec+tori! Pite5ti cu "rivire #! (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii "rev+.ute *n !rt. ,6 !#in. ='?
din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< re"u)#ic!t+. Cu !ce!(t+ oc!.ie< incu#"!tu# N.M. i-!
"ro4i( !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. c+ *i v! d! o (u4+ de )!ni d!c+ nu v! 4!i
continu! cercet+ri#e *n c!u.+. 0n !ce(te condiii< !3entu# de "o#iie A.N. ! denun!t
$!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. #! P!rcAetu# de "e #9n3+ @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5. L! d!t! de 1'
$e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-! "re.ent!t din nou #! "o(tu# de "o#iie< unde !
2:
d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+<
"entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu 4!i continue cercet+ri#e *n c!u.! ce-# "rive!.
Con$or4 recAi.itoriu#ui< !ctivit!te! in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. ! $o(t
"ro)!t+ "rin or3!ni.!re! unei !ciuni de "rindere *n $#!3r!nt 5i "rin *nre3i(tr!re!
!udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!# ! di(cuiei "urt!te de incu#"!tu# N.M. cu !3entu#
de "o#iie A.N.
0n ur4! coro)or+rii tuturor "ro)e#or< (tr9n(e *n cur(u# ur4+ririi "en!#e 5i
!d4ini(tr!te cu oc!.i! cercet+rii 7udec+tore5ti< in(t!n! de $ond ! reinut ur4+to!re!
(itu!ie de $!"tD
L! d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-! "re.ent!t #! "o(tu# de
"o#iie< unde ! d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de
"ort !r4+< "entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu4!i continue cercet+ri#e *ntr-o c!u.+ "en!#+ ce *#
"rive! "e incu#"!t< *n condiii#e !r+t!te.
0n o"ini! "ri4ei in(t!ne< $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.M.< !5! cu4 ! $o(t de(cri(+
4!i (u(< e(te "rev+.ut+ *n dispoziiile art. 255 !#in. =1? C. "en. cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='?
din Le3e! nr. &,>'::: 5i con(t+ *n d!re! de )!ni *n (co"u# "rev+.ut *n !rt. '2/ Cod
"en!#< 5i !nu4e !ce#! de ! nu *nde"#ini un !ct "rivitor #! *nd!toriri#e de (erviciu<
re("ectiv de ! nu (e 4!i continu! cercet+ri#e *n c!u.! "en!#+ ce *# "rive!.
Cu to!te !ce(te!< in(t!n! de $ond ! !"reci!t c+ $!"t! (+v9r5it+ de incu#"!t nu
con(tituie in$r!ciune< *ntruc9t e8i(t+ o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Potrivit di("o.iii#or !rt. '22 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< $!"t! "rev+.ut+ *n !#in. =1?
!# !ce(tui !rtico# nu con(tituie in$r!ciune !tunci c9nd 4ituitoru# ! $o(t con(tr9n(
"rin orice 4i7#o!ce de c+tre ce# c!re ! #u!t 4it!.
A(t$e#< con(t!t+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+ *n !ctu# de"u( #! do(!ru# de ur4+rire
"en!#+< intitu#!t JdenunF< (e 4enione!.+ c+< *n d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< nu4itu#
N.M. ! venit *n #oc!#it!te! Pite5ti.< d9nd de *ne#e( !3entu#ui de "o#iie c+ *i v! d! o
(u4+ de )!ni d!c+ *i v! re.o#v! do(!ru# cu o (o#uie $!vor!)i#+.
21
0n o"ini! in(t!nei de $ond< din "ro)e#e do(!ru#ui re.u#t+< *n(+< o cu totu# !#t+
(itu!ie de $!"t. A(t$e#< din dec#!r!i! 4!rtoru#ui A.N.< d!t+ #! ur4+rire! "en!#+<
re.u#t+ c+ !ce(t! #-! cuno(cut "e incu#"!t *nc+ din d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1< oc!.ie
cu c!re ! e$ectu!t un contro# de tr!$ic rutier< c9nd ! con(t!t!t c+ !ce(t! !ve!
"er4i(u# de conducere reinut de Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u< *ntruc9t (e
e$ectu!u cercet+ri "entru conducere! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !v9nd *n
(9n3e o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+ 5i c+< $iind de"i(t!t cu un "i(to# cu
)i#e de c!uciuc< nu !r $i !vut "er4i( de "ort !r4+. C! ur4!re< (-!u #u!t 4+(uri de
cercet!re ! nu4itu#ui N.M. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciuni#or de conducere "e
dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu# !v9nd "er4i(u# de conducere (u("end!t 5i<
re("ectiv< "ort de !r4+ $+r+ dre"t.
Din !ce(te *4"re7ur+ri< *n o"ini! in(t!nei de $ond< re.u#t+ c+ incu#"!tu#ui i (-
! cre!t o (t!re de te4ere< Jc+ !re dou+ do(!re "en!#eF< *n do(!ru# "rivind
in$r!ciune! #! #e3e! circu#!iei cercet!re! ur49nd (+ (e $!c+ de !3entu# de "o#iie
=denun+tor?B cu "rivire #! ce#+#!#t do(!r< *n !cee!5i dec#!r!ie< (e con(e4ne!.+ c+ *n
ur4! veri$ic+ri#or nu ! reie5it $!"tu# c+ N.M. $i3ure!.+ c! $iind "o(e(or de "ort
!r4+< de5i incu#"!tu# "o(ed! !ce(t "er4i(. Din !cee!5i dec#!r!ie< 4!i re.u#t+ c+ #!
d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< 4!rtoru# =denun+toru#? (-! *nt9#nit "e r!.! co4unei
I9#ce#e< cu incu#"!tu# c!re< din di(cuii< J! #+(!t (+ (e *ne#e!3+ c+ *i v! d! o (u4+
de )!ni d!c+ *i v! re.o#v! (itu!i!< *ne#e39nd c+ nu tre)ui! (+ 4!i continue
cercet+ri#e.F
Con$or4 4otiv+rii (entinei< din nicio "ro)+ ! do(!ru#ui nu re.u#t+ !ce(t $!"t.
Di4"otriv+< reine in(t!n! de $ond< din dec#!r!i! d!t+ de incu#"!t #! ur4+rire!
"en!#+ re.u#t+ c+ 4!rtoru# #-! cAe4!t< "9n+ ce# t9r.iu "e d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1.
A"reci!.+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+< cAi!r d!c+ incu#"!tu#< *n dec#!r!i! (! d!t+ #!
ur4+rire! "en!#+< recuno!5te c+ #-! !)ord!t "e !3entu# de "o#iie "ro"un9ndu-i
!)!ndon!re! cercet+ri#or< !ce!(t! nu (e coro)ore!.+ cu note#e de red!re !
convor)iri#or !udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< c!re red!u di(cui! $ide#+ ! ce#or
2'
doi< note de"u(e #! do(!ru# de ur4+rire "en!#+ din c!re re.u#t+ c+ di(cuii#e !u $o(t
v!3i< "ri4u# c!re ! !du( vor)! de("re do(!r $iind !3entu# de "o#iie< 5i nu
incu#"!tu#. Con(ider+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+ (u3e(tion!re! 5i "rovoc!re! incu#"!tu#ui *n
! (+v9r5i !ce!(t+ $!"t+ re.u#t+ 5i din dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui d!t+ #! in(t!n+< *n c!re
!r!t+ c+ denun+toru# ! ("u( c+ ur4e!.+ (+ vor)e!(c+ cu 5e$u# (+u 5i (+ v!d+ (u4!<
!3entu# de "o#iie d9ndu-i de *ne#e( c+ tre)uie (+ vin+ cu o (u4+ de )!ni #! e#.
Conc#u.ione!.+ in(t!n! de $ond c+ to!te !ce(te *4"re7ur+ri con(tituie
e#e4ente ce circu4(criu (+v9r5ire! $!"tei *n condiii#e "rev+.ute *n !rt. '22 !#in. ='?
Cod "en!#. De !(e4ene!< $iind invoc!te dispoziiile art. 68 Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+<
"recu4 5i c!r!cteru# i4"ort!nt 5i o"ortun !# intere(u#ui incu#"!tu#ui de !-5i re.o#v!
do(!ru# "en!#< in(t!n! de $ond ! !"reci!t c+ !ce(t! ! $o(t deter4in!t *n 4od!#it+i#e
de(cri(e 4!i (u( (+ de! 4it+< 5i cu4 !ce(te! (-!u 4!ni$e(t!t !nterior o$ertei e$ectiv
*n$+"tuite< (e "o!te $!ce !"#ic!re! di("o.iii#or #e3!#e 4enion!te !nterior.
Prin deci.i! nr. 2 A din 12 i!nu!rie ':1:< Curte! de A"e# Pite5ti< Seci!
"en!#+< ! !d4i( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de "rocuror *4"otriv! (entinei "en!#e nr. 1&6 din ,
4!i '::1 5i< *n con(ecin+< ! de($iin!t *n tot!#it!te (entin! "en!#+ !t!c!t+ 5i< *n
re7udec!re< ! cond!4n!t "e incu#"!tu# N.M. #! o "ede!"(+ de , #uni *ncAi(o!re
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod
"en!# cu *n re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr. &,>':::.
0n )!.! !rt. &1 Cod "en!#< ! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! !cce(orie !
inter.icerii dre"turi#or "rev+.ute *n !rt. 6/ !#in. =1? #it. !? te.! ! II-! 5i )? Cod
"en!#B con$or4 !rt. ,1 - ,' Cod "en!# 5i !rt. &1 !#in. =2? Cod "en!#< ! di("u(
(u("end!re! condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei "rinci"!#e 5i ! "ede"(ei !cce(orii "e
dur!t! ter4enu#ui de *ncerc!re de ' !ni 5i , #uni< i!r "otrivit !rt. '22 !#in. =/? Cod
"en!#< ! di("u( con$i(c!re! de #! incu#"!t ! (u4ei de ':: euro *n $!vo!re! (t!tu#ui.
Pentru ! di("une *n !ce(t (en(< in(t!n! de "ri4 contro# 7udici!r ! reinut -
veri$ic9nd !cte#e 5i #ucr+ri#e do(!ru#ui "rin "ri(4! 4otive#or de !"e# invoc!te< d!r
5i din o$iciu con$or4 di("o.iii#or !rt. -&1 !#in. ='? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+ - c+ "rin
2-
(entin! !"e#!t+ (-! reinut o (itu!ie de $!"t c!re nu concord+ "e de"#in cu o
7udicio!(+ coro)or!re ! 4!teri!#u#ui "ro)!tor !d4ini(tr!t *n c!u.+.
A(t$e#< con(t!t+ in(t!n! de !"e# c+ *n con(iderente#e (entinei !"e#!te (-!
$+cut re$erire #! dec#!r!i! 4!rtoru#ui A.N.< d!t+ *n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+< din
c!re re.u#t+ c+ !ce(t! #-! cuno(cut "e incu#"!t *nc+ din d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1<
oc!.ie cu c!re ! e$ectu!t un contro# de tr!$ic rutier< c9nd (-! con(t!t!t c! incu#"!tu#
!ve! "er4i(u# de conducere reinut #! Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u "entru
e$ectu!re! de cercet+ri *n #e3+tur+ cu conducere! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o
"er(o!n+ !v9nd *n (9n3e o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+< "recu4 5i cu
"rivire #! "ortu# unui "i(to# cu )i#e de c!uciuc< $+r+ ! "o(ed! "er4i( de "ort !r4+.
A 4!i reinut 3re5it in(t!n! de $ond c+ incu#"!tu#ui i (-! cre!t o (t!re de te4ere
indu(+ de (itu!i! c+ !ve! dou+ do(!re "en!#e< *n cur( de cercet!re< $!"t ce #-!r $i
deter4in!t (+ *ne#e!3+ c+< d!c+ !r $i d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie o (u4+ de )!ni< !ce(t!
nu !r 4!i $i continu!t cercet+ri#e.
0n o"ini! in(t!nei de !"e#< coninutu# !ce(tei dec#!r!ii ! incu#"!tu#ui nu (e
coro)ore!.+ cu nicio !#t+ "ro)+ !d4ini(tr!t+ *n c!u.+. 0n dec#!r!i! d!t+ de incu#"!t
*n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+< !ce(t! recuno!5te c! #-! !)ord!t "e 4!rtoru# A.N.<
"ro"un9ndu-i !)!ndon!re! cercet+ri#or< !("ect recuno(cut 5i *n dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n
$!.! 7udec+rii !"e#u#ui. Ace!(t+ recuno!5tere nu (e coro)ore!.+ *ntoc4!i cu note#e
de red!re ! convor)iri#or !udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< *n(+ din tr!n(criere!
!ce(tor! (e reine e8"re(i! !3entu#ui de "o#iie rutier+ Jce (+ $!c cu do(!ru# !ce#!<
cu4 (+ v+ !7ut< o (+ v+ d!u o ne*nce"ereF< *4"re7ur!re c!re conduce #! idee! c+<
!nterior< incu#"!tu# i-!r $i cerut *ntr-un 4od !#u.iv *ncet!re! cercet+ri#or "en!#e.
M!i reine in(t!n! de "ri4 contro# 7udici!r c+< din dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n $!!
in(t!nei de !"e#< re.u#t+ c+ incu#"!tu# !r $i *ne#e( c+ tre)uie (+ (e duc+ #! !3entu#
de "o#iie cu o (u4+ de )!ni< (u4+ "e c!re ! !"reci!t-o #! ':: euro< *ntruc9t< !
con(ider!t !ce(t!< er!u dou+ do(!re *n cur( de cercet!re. A 4!i dec#!r!t incu#"!tu#
c+ !r $i *ne#e( (+ "rocede.e !(t$e#< deo!rece !3entu# de "o#iie i-!r $i ("u( J(+ vin+
2/
"re3+titF 5i c+< d!c+ !ce(t! nu #-!r $i *ncur!7!t (+ vin+ #! (ediu# "o(tu#ui de "o#iie
J"re3+titF< *n 4od cert nu (-!r 4!i $i *ntor(. Dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui ! $o(t
coro)or!t+ cu ce#e re.u#t!te din coninutu# denunu#ui !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N.<
"recu4 5i cu "roce(u#-ver)!# din d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1< din c!re re.u#t+ c+
incu#"!tu# N.M. ! dec#!r!t c+ (u4! de ':: de euro< c!re (e !$#! "e )irou# !3entu#ui
de "o#iie< *i !"!rine 5i c+ !r $i $o(t d!t+ din 3re5e!#+< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de "ort
!r4+< !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N.
0n $in!#< conc#u.ione!.+ in(t!n! de !"e#< din coro)or!re! note#or de red!re !
convor)iri#or *n 4ediu# !4)ient!# *ntre incu#"!t 5i 4!rtoru# A.N.< din coninutu#
denunu#ui *ntoc4it< "recu4 5i din to!te dec#!r!ii#e d!te de incu#"!t "e "!rcur(u#
"roce(u#ui "en!#< re.u#t+ c+ !ctivit!te! in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. ! $o(t
"ro)!t+ "rin or3!ni.!re! unei !ciuni de "rindere *n $#!3r!nt< !tunci c9nd (-!
"re.ent!t #! "o(tu# de "o#iie 5i ! d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+
cu "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+< "entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu 4!i continue cercet+ri#e *n c!u.!
c!re-# "rive! 5i c+ $!"t! *ntrune5te e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii de d!re
de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din
Le3e! nr. &,>':::.
04"otriv! deci.iei< incu#"!tu# ! dec#!r!t recur(< (o#icit9nd !d4itere!
recur(u#ui< c!(!re! deci.iei !t!c!te 5i 4eninere! Aot+r9rii in(t!nei de $ond.
A(u"r! $ondu#ui recur(u#ui dec#!r!t de incu#"!t< 0n!#t! Curte de C!(!ie 5i
Hu(tiie con(t!t+ ur4+to!re#eD
0n e(en+< *n recur(< incu#"!tu# ! invoc!t !ce#e!5i !"+r+ri c! 5i #! in(t!n! de
$ond 5i de !"e#< con(t9nd *n !cee! c+ !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! $ie *n condiii#e
Jcon(tr9n3erii 4or!#eF< $ie *n condiii#e J"rovoc+rii "o#iiene5tiF.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui v! $i re("in( c! ne$ond!t< "entru ur4+to!re#e 4otiveD
Potrivit di("o.iiei !rt. /6 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ din c!u.! unei con(tr9n3eri 4or!#e< e8ercit!t+
22
"rin !4enin!re cu un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui ori ! !#tui! 5i c!re
nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t 4od.
Din e8!4in!re! !ce(tei di("o.iii< re.u#t+ c+< "entru e8i(ten! con(tr9n3erii
4or!#e< tre)uie (+ $ie *nde"#inite ur4+to!re#e condiiiD
1. (+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere (+v9r5it+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r!
"(iAicu#ui unei !#te "er(o!ne< "rin !4enin!re cu un r+u i4"ort!nt. @oc4!i
e8i(ten! unei !4enin+ri de !ce(t $e# "rovo!c+ #! "er(o!n! !4enin!t+ un
(enti4ent de te!4+ (u) i4"eriu# c+rui! e! (+v9r5e5te o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e!
"en!#+< c! (in3ur! !#tern!tiv+ ! r+u#ui cu c!re e(te !4enin!t+. Per(o!n! con(tr9n(+
4or!# e(te nevoit+< deci< (!u (+ (u$ere r+u# cu c!re e(te !4enin!t+< (!u (+
(+v9r5e!(c+ $!"t! ce i (e "retinde de c+tre ce# c!re e8ercit+ con(tr9n3ere! 5i c!re
e(te o $!"t+ i#icit+. A4enin!re! "o!te $i or!#+ (!u (cri(+. A4enin!re! or!#+ "o!te
$i *n(oit+ (!u nu de 3e(turi !4enin+to!re =de e8e4"#u< !3it!re! unei !r4e<
*ncAidere! u5ii cu cAei!< ru"ere! #e3+turii te#e$onice etc.?< $+r+ c! "rin !ce!(t! (+
*ncete.e de ! $i o con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+< e8ercit!t+ !(u"r! "(iAicu#ui "er(o!neiB
'. "rin !4enin!re (+ (e cree.e un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! !4enin!t+
(!u "entru o !#t+ "er(o!n+< *n c!.u# *n c!re nu (-!r ced! !4enin+rii 5i nu (-!r
(+v9r5i $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. Perico#u# "o!te (+ "rive!(c+ oric!re dintre
v!#ori#e #e3!te de "er(o!n! $i.ic+D vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+< (+n+t!te!< #i)ert!te!<
de4nit!te! etc.< $ie c+ e(te vor)! de "er(o!n! ce#ui !4enin!t< $ie de orice !#t+
"er(o!n+< inde"endent de e8i(ten! vreunei #e3+turi *ntre !ce!(t! 5i ce# !4enin!t.
Le3e! "en!#+ !"+r+ 5i *ncur!7e!.+< 5i *n !ce(t c!.< (enti4entu# de (o#id!rit!te 5i
re#!ii#e de !7utor reci"roc *4"otriv! !3re(iunii. Perico#u# re.u#t!t din !4enin!re
e(te con(ider!t 3r!v !tunci c9nd (e re$er+ #! un r+u ire"!r!)i# (!u 3reu de re"!r!t.
D!c+ "erico#u# nu "rive5te vreun! dintre v!#ori#e e(eni!#e #e3!te de "er(o!n+ (!u
d!c+ "erico#u# nu e(te 3r!v< nu "o!te e8i(t! con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+B
-. "erico#u# cu c!re (e !4enin+ tre)uie (+ $ie de !5! n!tur+ *nc9t (+ nu "o!t+
$i *n#+tur!t dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+. D!c+ er! "o(i)i#+
26
recur3ere! #! !#te 4i7#o!ce de *n#+tur!re ! "erico#u#ui< condii! inevit!)i#it+ii nu
e(te *nde"#init+ 5i nu e8i(t+ con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+ =de e8e4"#u< c9nd e(te "o(i)i#+
cAe4!re! *n !7utor ! !#tor "er(o!ne (!u ! or3!ne#or de "o#iie etc.?. Pentru (t!)i#ire!
evit!)i#it+ii (!u inevit!)i#it+ii "erico#u#ui< "e !#t+ c!#e dec9t (+v9r5ire! $!"tei
"rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< tre)uie (+ (e in+ (e!4!< c! 5i *n c!.u# con(tr9n3erii
$i.ice< de *4"re7ur+ri#e de $!"t 5i de "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui.
Si4"#! enu4er!re ! !ce(tor condiii contr!.ice c!te3oric !"+r!re!
incu#"!tu#ui "otrivit c+rei! !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! "e $ondu# con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e.
Pe de o "!rte< incu#"!tu# !ve! un nive# inte#ectu!#< educ!ion!# 5i cu#tur!# de
n!tur+ (+ *# $!c+ (+ *ne#e!3+ conte8tu# 7uridic 5i c!dru# #e3!# !# cercet+rii (!#e de
c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< i!r "e de !#t+ "!rte< "retin(u# Jr+uF con(t! *n e$ectu!re!
unor cercet+ri 7udici!re (t!nd!rd ("eci$ice (o#uion+rii unor c!u.e "en!#eB *n ur4!
!ce(tor! - cAi!r d!c+ (-!r $i $in!#i.!t cu tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+< de5i incu#"!tu# ! !vut
convin3ere! c+ $!"te#e cercet!te nu con(titui!u in$r!ciuni - nu (e cre! un "erico#
3r!v "entru "er(o!n! (! *n (itu!i! *n c!re nu (-!r $i ced!t "retin(ei con(tr9n3eri 5i
nu (-!r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ =d!re! de )!ni?.
Curte! Euro"e!n+ ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< *n 7uri("ruden! recent+< ! de.vo#t!t
conce"tu# de "rovoc!re =Jentr!"4entF?< di(tinct de $o#o(ire! #e3iti4+ !
o"er!iuni#or (u) !co"erire< 5i ! (u)#ini!t o)#i3!i! in(t!ne#or n!ion!#e de !
"roced! #! o e8!4in!re !tent+ ! 4!teri!#u#ui din do(!r *n c!.u# *n c!re incu#"!tu#
invoc+ in(ti3!re! din "!rte! "o#iiei. Curii Euro"ene ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< !(t$e#
cu4 (-! 4enion!t con(t!nt< *i revine ro#u# de ! e8!4in! c!#it!te! ev!#u+rii
"retin(ei "rovoc+ri< !(t$e# cu4 ! $o(t $+cut+ de in(t!ne#e n!ion!#e< 5i de ! (e
!(i3ur! c+ !ce(te! !u "rote7!t *n 4od !decv!t dre"turi#e !cu.!tu#ui< *n ("eci!#
dre"tu# #! o "rocedur+ contr!dictorie 5i #! Je3!#it!te! !r4e#or.F
De !(e4ene!< Curte! Euro"e!n+ ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui ! (t!)i#it c+ nu (e
"o!te reine "rovoc!re! !cu.!tu#ui de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re
inteni! in$r!cion!#+ er! de7! #u!t+< e8i(t9nd de7! "redi("o.ii! de ! co4ite
2&
in$r!ciune! =5i nu cre!t+ "rin !ciune! or3!nu#ui 7udici!r< !ciune "rin c!re (+ (e $i
cre!t inteni! in$r!cion!#+ c!re !nterior nu e8i(t!?< i!r !utorit+i#e 7udici!re !ve!u
4otive *nte4ei!te (+ (u("ecte.e !ctivit+i#e i#icite !#e "er(o!nei re("ective.
Or< *n "re.ent! c!u.+< incu#"!tu# nu ! re#ev!t 4ini4e indicii c!re (+ $!c+
re.on!)i#+ i"ote.! e8i(tenei unei J"rovoc+ri "o#iiene5tiF< *n re!#it!te (u3er9nd o
!(t$e# de i"ote.+ c! re.u#t9nd din e8!4in!re! 5i inter"ret!re! unor convor)iri
*nre3i(tr!te.
0n $!! "ri4ei in(t!ne< #! ter4enu# din - !"ri#ie '::1< du"+ ce incu#"!tu# !
$o(t !(cu#t!t de 7udec+tor< "re.ent9ndu-5i *n !ce(t $e# "ro"ri! ver(iune cu "rivire #!
!cu.!ii#e c!re i-!u $o(t !du(e de Mini(teru# Pu)#ic< ! $o(t !(cu#t!t (u) "re(t!re de
7ur+49nt - *n condiii de "u)#icit!te 5i contr!dictori!#it!te - 5i 4!rtoru# denun+tor
A.N. At9t incu#"!tu# "er(on!#< c9t 5i !"+r+toru# !#e( !# !ce(tui!< !u !vut !(t$e#
"o(i)i#it!te! e$ectiv+ de ! "une *ntre)+ri 4!rtoru#ui 5i< eventu!#< de ! "une (u)
(e4nu# *ntre)+rii credi)i#it!te! 4+rturiei !ce(tui!. Din e8!4in!re! coninutu#ui
*ncAeierii de 5edin+ 5i !# dec#!r!iei 4!rtoru#ui< nu re.u#t+ indicii !#e re("in3erii
unor *ntre)+ri !dre(!te 4!rtoru#ui de c+tre incu#"!t 5i !"+r+toru# !#e( !# !ce(tui!.
Nici de"unere! #! do(!r ! co"iei de "e ordon!n! de (co!tere de (u) ur4+rire
"en!#+ nr. '1/->P>'::, din 12 !"ri#ie '::1 ! P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ Hudec+tori!
Pite5ti< (o#uie di("u(+ *n te4eiu# !rt. 1: !#in. =1? #it. )? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< $!"t!
cercet!t+ con(tituind contr!venie< cu re$erire #! in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. ,&
!#in. =1? din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< nu e(te de n!tur+ ! "ro)! #i"(! de te4einicie !
"ro)e#or *n !cu.!re "entru in$r!ciune! c!re $or4e!.+ o)iect !# "re.entei c!u.e
"en!#e.
0n dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n $!! 7udec+toru#ui in(t!nei de $ond< incu#"!tu# !r!t+ c+<
du"+ ce ! "#ec!t< (-! 39ndit c+ tre)uie (+-i o$ere o (u4+ de )!ni< i!r *n dec#!r!i!
d!t+ *n !"e# 4enione!.+ c+ e# ! !"reci!t c+ tre)uie (+-i de! (u4! de ':: euro
"entru c+ er!u dou+ do(!re.
2,
Coninutu# tr!n(crierii convor)irii e$ectu!te *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< cu re$erire
e8!ct+ #! cuvinte#e incu#"!tu#ui 5i #! (en(u# !ce(tor!< contr!.ice c!te3oric "retin(!
J"rovoc!re "o#iiene!(c+F (u(inut+ de !"+r!re.
;!+ de ce#e reinute< 0n!#t! Curte de C!(!ie 5i Hu(tiie< *n te4eiu# !rt. -,2 "ct. 1 #it.
)? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< ! re("in(< c! ne$ond!t< recur(u# dec#!r!t de incu#"!t.
Co+entariu:
2<fectuarea unor cercetri judiciare standard specifice solu.ionrii
cauzelor penale de ctre organele judiciare, prin care / c:iar dac s/ar fi finalizat
cu tri+iterea n judecat a inculpatului / nu se crea un pericol grav pentru
persoana sa n cazul n care nu ar fi sv,r'it fapta de dare de +it, nu ntrune'te
condi.iile constr,ngerii +orale 'i, n consecin., nu nltur caracterul penal al
faptei prevzute n art. ** alin. ((& Cod penal cu referire la art. 8 alin. (& din
Legea nr. 8!#$$$. 5
0ntr-!dev+r $!"t! co4i(+< d!re! de 4it+< nu *ntrune5te condiii#e unei
con(tr9n3eri 4or!#e< incu#"!tu# ne$iind !4enin!t cu un "erico# 3r!v< c!re (+
7u(ti$ice $!"t! (+v9r5it+.
Con(ider corect+ *nc!dr!re! $!"tei de c+tre co4"#etu# de 7udec!t+.
>3>3EEce-9l 'eiBp9(a,il
>3>313 N%*i9'e
Art.'6 din Nou# Cod "en!# e8"#ic+ !(t$e# EEce-9l 'eiBp9(a,il-
=1? Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! !$#!t+
*n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< c!re ! de"+5it< din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii (!u te4erii< #i4ite#e
unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui.
='? Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! !$#!t+
*n (t!re de nece(it!te< c!re nu 5i-! d!t (e!4!< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< c+
21
"ricinuie5te ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i "utut "roduce d!c+
"erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
-1
.
Se o)(erv+ c+ (u) !ce(t+ denu4ire $i3ure!.+ e8ce(u# 7u(ti$ic!t de #e3iti4+
!"+r!re 5i e8ce(u# 7u(ti$ic!t de (t!re! de nece(it!te< !4)e#e (itu!ii *n "re.ent $iind
re3#e4ent!te *n !rt. // !#in. - 5i !rt. /2 !#in -.
>3>3/3 C%'&i*iile eEce-9l9i 'eiBp9(a,il
0n !ce(te c!.uri $+"tuitoru# nu (e !$#+ "ro"riu.i( *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re (!u *n
(t!re de nece(it!te deo!rece nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e !ce(tor!. 0n "ri4u# c!.
=#e3iti4+ !"+r!re? nu e(te *nde"#int+ condii! "ro"orion!#it+ii !"+r+rii *n r!"ort cu
3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui< i!r *n !# doi#e! c!. =(t!re! de nece(it!te? nu e(te *nde"#init+
condii! c! "rin re!ci! (! *n $!! "erico#u#ui $+"tuitoru# (+ nu "roduc+ ur4+ri 4!i
3r!ve dec9t !ce#e! c!re (-!r $i "rodu( d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. Cu to!te
!ce(te! *n "re.ent "ri4! (itu!ie din ce#e de 4!i (u( e(te !(i4i#!t+ cu #e3iti4!
!"+r!re *n 4+(ur! *n c!re di("ro"ori! dintre !"+r!re 5i !t!c (-! d!tor!t (t+rii de
tu#)ur!re (!u te4erii din "!rte! ce#ui c!re (e !"+r+< i!r *n !# doi#e! c!. !(i4i#!re! cu
(t!re! de nece(it!te !re #oc ori de c9te ori !3entu# nu-5i d+ (e!4! *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii $!"tei c+ "ricinuie5te ur4+ri 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i "utut
"roduce d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. A4)e#e (itu!ii c!re 7u(ti$ic+ !(i4i#!re!
!"!rin (t+rii "(iAice ! ce#ui c!re (e !"+r+ (!u ! ce#ui c!re re!cione!.+ *n $!! unui
"erico# cee! ce !"!rent !r 7u(ti$ic! tr!t!re! #or dre"t c!u.e de nevinov+ie 5i nu
dre"t c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive. Cu to!te !ce(te! (tr9n(! #or #e3+tur+ cu condiii#e #e3iti4e
!"+r+ri 5i !#e (t+rii de nece(it!te *ndre"t+e(c (o#ui! #e3ii "en!#e *n vi3o!re de !
re3#e4ent! #e3iti4! !"+r!re i4"ro"rie 5i (t!re! de nece(it!te i4"ro"rie< *n !ce#!5i
te8te *n c!re re3#e4ente!.+ 5i #e3iti4+ !"+r!re "ro"rie c! 5i (t!re! de nece((it!te
"ro"rie
-1
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1

6:
Ace(t! e(te 5i (o#ui! #e3ii "en!#e it!#iene c!re tr!te!.+ e8ce(u# de !"+r!re 5i
e8ce(u# de ri"o(t+ *n c!. de "erico# *n c!"ito#u# unde re3#e4ente!.+ #e3iti4!
!"+r!re 5i (t!re! de nece(it!te 5i nu *n c!"ito#u# c!re re3#e4ente!.+ c!u.e#e de
nei4"ut!)i#it!te.
Le3e! "en!#+ 3er4!n+ con(ider+ de"+5ire! #i4ite#or #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri din
c!u.! te4erii (!u tu#)ur+rii c! o c!u.+ de ne"ede"(ire< nu e8i(t+ *n !ce(t c!. o
!(i4i#!re cu #e3iti4! !"+r!re "ro"rie c!re e(te o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+. 0n ce "rive5te
(t!re! de nece(it!te< #e3e! "en!#+ 3er4!n+ o tr!te!.+ *n une#e i"ote.e c! o c!u.+
7u(ti$ic!tiv+ =M. -/? i!r *n !#te#e i"ote.e c! o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =M. -2.?
/:
.
D!c+ ("re e8e4"#u< dou+ "er(o!ne !$#!te *4"reun+ co4it o $!"t+ *n #e3iti4
aprare de"+5ind #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e< *n(+ nu4!i un! ! !cion!t (u)
i4"eriu# unei (t+ri de tu#)ur!re< do!r !ce!(t! v! )ene$ici! de e$ecte#e e8ce(u#ui
nei4"ut!)i#< nu 5i ce! c!re ! de"+5it #i4ite#e !"+r+rii *n de"#in+ cuno5tin+ de
c!u..
>3C3 Mi'%!i(a(ea +:p(9i(%!9l9i
>3C31 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
Minorit!te! e(te (t!re! *n c!re (e 3+(e5te $+"tuitoru# 4inor c!re *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii $!"tei nu *4"#ini(e v9r(t! "entru ! r+("unde "en!#.
Pornind de #! "!rticu#!rit+i#e de.vo#t+rii )io"(iAice ! "er(o!nei< *n dre"tu#
"en!# (-! i4"u( (t!)i#ire! unei #i4ite de v9r(t+ (u) c!re (+ $ie e8c#u(+ r+("undere!
"en!#+ ! 4inoru#ui c!re< deci< "9n+ #! o !nu4it+ v9r(t+ e(te "re.u4!t c! $iind #i"(it
de c!"!cit!te "en!#+
/1
< deo!rece nu !re re"re.ent!re! (e4ni$ic!iei (oci!#e !
!ciuni#or ori in!ciuni#or #ui.
Art.11 !#in.1 din Codu# "en!# "revede c+F4inoru# c!re nu ! *4"#init v9r(t! de
1/ !ni nu r+("unde "en!#F. A#ine!tu# ' !# !ce#ui!5i te8t de #e3e di("une c+ E4inoru#
/:
An!#e#e Univer(it+ii ECon(t!ntin Br9ncu5iF din @9r3u Hiu< Seri! Gtiine Huridice< Nr. '>':1:<
AN@ONIU <Geor3e, =-serva.ii critice cu privire la noul Cod Penal<".1--1/.
/1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6&.
61
c!re !re v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni r+("unde "en!# nu4!i d!c+ (e dovede5te c+ !
(+v9r5it $!"t! cu di(cern+49ntF.
Pentru 4inoru# c!re nu ! *4"#init v9r(t! de 1/ !ni< (e "re.u4+ !)(o#ut c+ nu
!re re("on(!)i#it!te "en!#+. Minoru# cu v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni e(te "re.u4!t
re#!tiv c+ nu !re di(cern+49ntu# $!"te#or (!#e. Dov!d! di(cern+49ntu#ui *n
co4itere! $!"tei revine !cu.+rii< *n $!vo!re! 4inoru#ui o"er9nd "re.u4i! re#!tiv+ !
#i"(ei di(cern+49ntu#ui.
0n nou# Cod "en!# < "rin !rt.'&.Minorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+
$!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de un 4inor< c!re #! d!t! co4iterii
!ce(tei! nu *nde"#ine! condiii#e #e3!#e "entru ! r+("unde "en!#
/'
.
>3C3/ C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e Bi'%!i(a(e
Ce#e dou+ condiii !#e (t+rii de 4inorit!te (untD
!? (+ (e (+v9r5e!(c+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B
)? $+"tuitoru# < #! d!t! (+v9r5irii $!"tei (+ nu *nde"#ine!(c+ condiii#e #e3!#e
"entru ! r+("unde "en!# =!rt.2: din Codu# "en!#?B !dic+ (+ nu $i *4"#init
v9r(t! de 1/ !ni< (!u d!c+ !re v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni or3!ne#e 7udici!re (+ $i
(t!)i#it c+ 4inoru# nu ! co4i( $!"t! cu di(cern+49nt.
0n c!.u# $!"te#or c!re (e "re#un3e(c *n ti4" =in$r!ciuni continui< continu!te?<
*n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei du"+ *4"#inire! v9r(tei de 1/ !ni v! $i
"o(i)i#+ nu4!i d!c+ nu (e dovede5te e8i(ten! di(cern+49ntu#ui *n (+v9r5ire!
!ciuni#or (!u in!ciuni#or ce !u $o(t co4i(e du"+ *4"#inire! v9r(tei de 1/ !ni.
C!r!cteru# "en!# !# in$r!ciuni#or "ro3re(ive e(te *n#+tur!t d!c+ *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii !ciunii< $+"tuitoru# er! 4inor (u) 1/ !ni< cAi!r d!c+ re.u#t!tu# (e "roduce
du"+ *4"#inire! !ce(tei v9r(te
/-
.
/'

/-
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:1.
6'
>3C3>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
;!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ co4i(+ de un 4inor c!re #! d!t! (+v9r5irii ei
nu *nde"#ine! condiii#e #e3!#e "entru ! r+("unde "en!#< $iind (+v9r5it+ $+r+
vinov+ie nu e(te in$r!ciune. Minorit!te! e(te o c!u.+ "er(on!#+ 5i nu (e r+($r9n3e
!(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
R+("undere! civi#+ nu e(te *n#+tur!t+ "entru "er(o!ne#e c!re #-!u !vut (u)
*n3ri7ire ori (u"r!ve3Aere "e 4inor< d!c+ (e reine cu#"! !ce(tor!.
;!+ de 4inoru# c!re ! co4i( o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ 5i c!re nu
r+("unde "en!# (e i!u 4+(uri de ocrotire *n condiii#e "rev+.ute de
O.U.G.nr.'6>111& "rivind "roteci! co"i#u#ui !$#!t *n di$icu#t!te< 4odi$ic!t+ "rin
Le3e! nr.1:, din :' iunie 111,
//
.
>343 I!e-p%'-a,ili(a(ea
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! e(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n !rt./& din Codu# "en!#< 5i e(te (t!re! de
inc!"!cit!te "(iAo-$i.ic+ ! unei "er(on!e c!re nu "o!te (+-5i de! (e!4! de
(e4ni$ic!i! (oci!#+ ! !ciuni#or (!u in!ciuni#or (!#e< ori nu "o!te $i (t+"9n+ "e
e#e
/2
.
0n nou# Cod "en!#< !rt.',. Ire("on(!)i#it!te!- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+
de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii !ce(tei!< nu
"ute! (+-5i de! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e ori nu "ute! (+ #e contro#e.e<
$ie din c!u.! unei )o#i "(iAice< $ie din !#te c!u.e
/6
.
Inc!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ ! unei "er(on!e (e "o!te d!tor!D unor !no4!#ii c!re
*4"iedic+ de.vo#t!re! $!cu#t+i#or "(iAice =idioenie< in$!nti#i(4< cretini(4<
de)i#it!te 4int!#+?B unor 4!#!dii neuro"(iAice =(o4n n!tur!#<(o4n Ai"notic etc.?B
//
Pu)#ic!t+ *n M.O.nr.22& din '-.:6.'::/.
/2
/6
6-
unor tu#)ur+ri "(iAice "rovoc!te "rin into8ic!ii =(t+ri de incon5tin+ ce "ot !ve!
c!u.! *n con(u4u# de !#coo#< (u)(t!ne (tu"e$i!nte< !#i4ente !#ter!te< etc.?.
Inc!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ "o!te $i "er4!nent+ ori te4"or!r+< con3enit!#+ (!u
(urvenit+ 5i< "entru ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< tre)uie (+ e8i(te *n
4o4entu# (+v9r5irii in$r!ciunii 5i (+ $ie tot!#+.
Con(t!t!re! e8i(tenei (t+rii de ire("on(!)i#it!te 5i ! c!u.e#or !ce(tei! (e $!ce de
c+tre 4edicii ("eci!#i5ti< cAe4!i (+ (t!)i#e!(c+ d!c+ *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei<
"er(o!n! !ve! c!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ de ! *ne#e3e (en(u# 5i v!#o!re! !ciunii (!#e 5i
d!c+ "ute! (+-5i diri7e.e voin! *n 4od con5tient
/&
.;!"tu# d!c+ "o!te (!u nu (+ $ie
!n3!7!t+ r+("undere! "en!#+ ! ce#ui c!re ! co4i( $!"t! (e (t!)i#e5te de c+tre
or3!ne#e 7udici!re "e )!.! conc#u.ii#or 4edic!#e de ("eci!#it!te.
>343/3C%'&i*iile i!e-p%'-a,ili(:*ii
(+ e8i(te o (t!re de inc!"!cit!te "(iAic+ inte#ectiv+ 5i vo#itiv+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui cu "rivire #! !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e. St!re! de
inc!"!cit!te decur3e din #i"(! "o(i)i#it+ii de ! *ne#e3e c!r!cteru#
$!"tei< c!re "re(u"une< $ie #i"(! de di(cern+49nt< $ie (t!re! de
incon5tinen+- (!u din #i"(! c!"!cit+ii de !-5i deter4in! 5i diri7!
4!ni$e(t+ri#e de voin+< c!re "re(u"une $ie i4"u#(ivit!te ire.i(ti)i#+< $ie
indi$erenti(4 tot!#.
(t!re! de inc!"!cit!te "(iAic+ (+ e8i(te *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei<
!dic+ tot ti4"u# c9t dure!.+ e$ectu!re! (!u o4i(iune! de ! e$ectu!
!cte#e "rin c!re (-! co4i( ori (-! contri)uit #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
Condii! nu e(te *nde"#init+ d!c+< *n+untru# interv!#u#ui de ti4" c9t ! dur!t
(+v9r5ire! $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# 5i-! rec+"+t!t< #! un 4o4ent d!t< c!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ 5i
! continu!t totu5i (+v9r5ire! (!u "!rtici"!re! #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
/&
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1,.
6/
De !(e4ene!< nu "o!te $i con(ider!t *n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te ce# c!re 5i-!
"rovoc!t o !(t$e# de (t!re< ori c!re ! !cce"t!t (+ i (e "rovo!ce o (t!re de incon5tien+
=e8e4"#u< $+"tuitoru# ! !cce"t!t (+ $ie Ai"noti.!t< ori n!rcoti.!t "entru ! invoc!
!ce!(t+ (t!re *n !"+r!re! (! ori 5i-! "rovoc!t (t!re! de incon5tien+- (-! cu#c!t 5i !
!dor4it *n ti4"u# (erviciu#ui 5i !(t$e# nu 5i-! *nde"#init o)#i3!ii#e de "!.+< de
!(i3ur!re ! !(i(tenei 4edic!#e de ur3en+?
/,
.
inc!"!cit!te! "(iAo-$i.ic+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui (+ (e d!tore.e !#ien!iei
4int!#e ori !#tor c!u.e c!re deter4in+ (t+ri !nor4!#e.
Nu con(tituie c!. de ire("on(!)i#it!te< *n (en(u# !rt./, din Codu# "en!#<
ne"utin! de !-5i (! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e (!u ne"utin! de ! #e
(t+"9ni< c9nd !ce!(t+ ne"utin+ "rovine din c!u.! #i"(ei de 4!turit!te "(iAic+
=e8.4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui? (!u din i3nor!n! ori ero!re! de $!"t< !ce(te!
con(tituind eventu!#< !#te c!u.e de *n#+tur!re ! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# =!rt.2:< !rt.21 din
Codu# "en!#?
/1
.
$!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de inc!"!cit!te "(iAo-$i.ic+ inte#ectiv+ ori
vo#itiv+ =*n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te? (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
>343>3 E+ec(ele i!e-p%'-a,ili(:*ii
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune "entru c+ nu
e(te (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie.
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! e(te o c!u.+ "er(on!#+< "roduce e$ecte nu4!i $!+ de
"er(o!n! c!re ! (+v9r5it $!"t! *n !ce!(t+ (t!re< nu (e r+($r9n3e !(u"r!
"!rtici"!ni#or.
;!+ de $+"tuitoru# ire("on(!)i# (e "ot #u! 4+(uri de (i3ur!n+ cu c!r!cter
4edic!#.
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! $+"tuitoru#ui nu *n#+tur+ r+("undere! civi#+
2:
.
/,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6'.
/1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6'.
62
>3A3 I'(%Eica*ia
Art.'1 din Nou# Cod "en!# "rivind I'(%Eica*ia- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii
!ce(tei!< nu "ute! (+-5i de! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e< ori nu "ute! (+
#e contro#e.e< din c!u.! into8ic+rii invo#unt!re cu !#coo# (!u !#te (u)(t!ne
"(iAo!ctive
21
.
>3A313N%*i9'e
Bei! e(te (t!re! "(iAo-$i.ic+ !nor4!#+ *n c!re (e 3+(e5te o "er(o!n+ d!torit+
e$ecte#or "rodu(e !(u"r! or3!ni(4u#ui (+u 5i !(u"r! $!cu#t+i#or (!#e "(iAice de
!nu4ite (u)(t!ne e8cit!nte (!u n!rcotice< con(u4!te de !ce! "er(o!n+< ori
introdu(e *n cor"u# (+u
2'
.
>3A3/3Fel9!ile i'(%Eica*iei
0n doctrin! "en!#+ (e $!ce di(tincie *ntre 4!i 4u#te $e#uri de )eie< de c!re
(unt #e3!te 5i con(ecine 7uridice di(tincteD
du"+ !titudine! "er(o!nei c!re ! dorit (!u nu (+ !7un3+ *n (t!re de
)eie (e di(tin3e *ntreD
!? )ei! !ccident!#+< invo#unt!r+ (!u $ortuit+- c9nd e(te re.u#t!tu# unei
*nt94"#+ri inde"endente de voin! $+"tuitoru#ui =e8e4"#u< o "er(o!n+
#ucre!.+ *ntr-un 4ediu cu v!"ori de !#coo# 5i $+r+ (+-5i de! (e!4!<
inA!#e!.+ !(t$e# de v!"ori 5i !7un3e *n (t!re de )eie?5i<
2:
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".11.
21
2'
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".11.
66
)? )ei! vo#unt!r+- e(te (t!re! *n c!re !7un3e o "er(o!n+ c!re con(u4+
voit )+uturi !#coo#ice ori (u)(t!ne !# c+ror e$ect e)ri!nt *# cuno!5te.
0n doctrin+ (e $!ce deo(e)ire! *ntre )ei! vo#unt!r+ (i4"#+ =c9nd
"er(o!n! ! !7un( *n (t!re de )eie $+r+ ! !ve! inteni! (+ co4it+ o $!"t+
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+? 5i )ei! "reordin!#+ (!u "re4edit!t+ =c9nd
"er(o!n! 5i-! "rovoc!t !nu4e !ce!(t+ (t!re "entru ! !ve! 4!i 4u#t
cur!7 *n (+v9r5ire! $!"tei?.
du"+ 3r!du# de into8ic!ie cu !#coo# ori !#te (u)(t!ne (e
di(tin3e *ntreD
!? )ei! co4"#et+< c!r!cteri.!t+ "rin "!r!#i.!re! !"ro!"e co4"#et+ !
ener3iei $i.ice 5i o *ntunec!re ! $!cu#t+i#or "(iAiceB
)? )ei! inco4"#et+< c!r!cteri.!t+ "rin !cee! c+ into8ic!i! cu !#coo#
ori !#te (u)(t!ne e)ri!nte e(te *ntr-o $!.+ inci"ient+< 4!ni$e(t!t+ de
re3u#+< "rin e8cit!)i#it!te 5i i4"u#(ivit!te.
Bei! "o!te $i c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei=!rt./1 !#in.' din Codu#
"en!# !ctu!#?.
-.6.-. C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e i'(%Eica*ie (untD
0n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# (+ (e $i 3+(it *n (t!re de )eie
"rodu(+ "rin !#coo# ori !#te (u)(t!neB
St!re! de )eie (+ $ie !ccident!#+< invo#unt!r+< $ortuit+B
St!re! de )eie (+ $ie co4"#et+B
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de )eie !ccident!#+ 5i co4"#et+ (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de
#e3e! "en!#+.
>3A3C3E+ec(e D9!i&ice
6&
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de )eie !ccident!#+ co4"#et+ nu e(te in$r!ciune< $iind
co4i(+ $+r+ vinov+ie.
C9nd )ei! !ccident!#+ nu e(te co4"#et+< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu e(te
*n#+tur!t< i!r (t!re! de )eie "o!te con(titui o circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+.
>363E!%a!ea
Art.-: din Nou# Cod "en!#. E!%a!ea-
=1?Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n!
c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii !ce(tei!< nu cuno5te! e8i(ten! unei (t+ri< (itu!ii ori
*4"re7ur+ri de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
='? Di("o.iii#e !#in. =1? (e !"#ic+ 5i $!"te#or (+v9r5ite din cu#"+ "e c!re #e3e! "en!#+
#e "ede"(e5te< nu4!i d!c+ necuno!5tere! (t+rii< (itu!iei ori *4"re7ur+rii re("ective
nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu# cu#"ei.
=-?Nu con(tituie circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ (!u e#e4ent circu4(t!ni!# !3r!v!nt (t!re!<
(itu!i! ori *4"re7ur!re! "e c!re in$r!ctoru# nu ! cuno(cut-o *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii
in$r!ciunii.
=/?Prevederi#e !#in. =1?- =-? (e !"#ic+ *n 4od core("un.+tor 5i *n c!.u# necuno!5terii
unei di("o.iii #e3!#e e8tr!"en!#e.
=2?Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ c! ur4!re !
necuno!5terii (!u cuno!5terii 3re5ite ! c!r!cteru#ui i#icit !# !ce(tei! din c!u.! unei
*4"re7ur+ri c!re nu "ute! $i *n niciun $e# evit!t+
2-
.
Doctrin! "en!#+ de$ine5te ero!re! c! Ere"re.ent!re! 3re5it+ de c+tre ce# ce
(+v9r5e5te o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! re!#it+ii din 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii
$!"tei< re"re.ent!re deter4in!t+ de necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+ ! unor
d!te !#e re!#it+iiF.
2-
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1-''.
6,
D!c+ *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# nu ! cuno(cut< ori ! cuno(cut
3re5it !nu4ite d!te !#e re!#it+ii< c!re (unt de n!tur+ (+ con$ere $!"tei c!r!cter
(oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< ero!re! *n c!re (e !$#+ *# #i"(e5te de "o(i)i#it!te! de !
"revede! re.u#t!tu# $!"tei 5i i4"#icit de !-5i deter4in! *n 4od con5tient voin!
2/
.
Ero!re! tre)uie deo(e)it+ de *ndoi!#+. Ace#! c!re !re o *ndoi!#+ tre)uie (+-5i
c#!ri$ice *ndoi!#! 5i !"oi (+ !cione.e. D!c+ !cione!.+ *n (t!re de *ndoi!#+< v!
r+("unde "entru co4itere! in$r!ciunii cu intenie indirect+< d!c+ ! !d4i(
eventu!#it!te! e8i(tenei e#e4entu#ui con(titutive !# in$r!ciunii (!u o circu4(t!n+
!3r!v!nt+
22
.
>363/3Fel9!ile e!%!ii
0n doctrin! "en!#+
26
5i #e3i(#!ie (e $!ce di(tincie *ntre 4!i 4u#te $e#uri de ero!reD
Du"+ o)iectu# !(u"r! c+rui! "o!rt+ (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! de $!"t< e8i(t+ !tunci c9nd necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+
"o!rt+ !(u"r! unor d!te !#e re!#it+ii 5i
- ero!re! de dre"t (!u de nor4+ con(t+ *n necuno!5tere (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+
! unei nor4e 7uridice.
Ero!re! de $!"t "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Ero!re! de dre"t "en!# nu *n#+tur+ niciod!t+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. C9nd
"rive5te o nor4+ e8tr!"en!#+< !ce!(t+ $or4+ de ero!re "o!te duce #! *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei.
Du"+ $!ctorii c!re deter4in+ ero!re! (e di(tin3 *ntreD
- ero!re! "rin necuno!5tere (!u i3nor!n+- re"re.int+ o (t!re "(iAic+
deter4in!t+< de re3u#+< de #i"(! de cu#tur+ 5i<
- !4+3ire! (!u inducere! *n ero!re- re"re.int+ o (t!re "(iAic+ "rovoc!t+ de
!ciune! de *n5e#!re e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r! !#tei!.
2/
22
PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu<'::&<".-/1.
26
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'&:.
61
Du"+ con(ecine#e "e c!re #e "o!te !ve! (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! e(eni!#+< c9nd re"re.int+ "entru $+"tuitoru# !$#!t *n ero!re o
7u(ti$ic!re ! !ctivit+ii #ui 5i e8c#ude vinov+i! 5i<
- ero!re! nee(eni!#+- !"!re c! o (cu.+ "entru $+"tuitoru# !$#!t *n ero!re< i!r "e
"#!nu# con(ecine#or 7uridice re"re.int+ o circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+.
Du"+ o)iectu# !(u"r! c+rui! "o!rt+ (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! "rinci"!#+- c9nd !ce!(t! "rive5te d!te de $!"t re$erito!re #!
e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii< de c!re de"inde *n(+5i e8i(ten!
in$r!ciunii 5i<
- ero!re! (ecund!r+< c9nd !ce!(t! "rive5te o (t!re< o (itu!ie ce re"re.int+ o
circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ de (+v9r5ire ! $!"tei.
Ero!re! "rinci"!#+ "o!te duce #! ine8i(ten! in$r!ciunii< i!r ero!re! (ecund!r+
nu conduce dec9t #! *n#+tur!re! circu4(t!nei !3r!v!nte< nu 5i ! in$r!ciunii ti".
Du"+ "o(i)i#it!te! de evit!re ! erorii (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! de ne*n#+tur!t (!u invinci)i#+ c!re (e d!tore!.+ co4"#etei
necuno!5teri ! re!#it+ii 5i< c!re nu !r $i "utut $i *n#+tur!t+ oric9t+ di#i3en+ !r
$i de"u( $+"tuitoru# 5i<
- ero!re! vinci)i#+ (!u *n#+tur!)i#+- c!re !r $i "utut $i *n#+tur!t+ d!c+ $+"tuitoru#
!r $i $o(t 4!i di#i3ent< 4!i !tent.
Ero!re! invinci)i#+ *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ero!re! vinci)i#+ nu
*n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< !$!r+ de c!.u# *n c!re $!"te#e (unt incri4in!te
nu4!i d!c+ (unt co4i(e cu intenie.
>363>3 E!%a!ea &e +ap( H ca!ac(e!ia!e
Ero!re! de $!"t e(te o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ero!re!
"o!te "rivi o (t!re < o (itu!ie< o *4"re7ur!re de $!"t de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# $!"tei =c!. *n c!re $!"t! nu !re c!r!cter "en!# ? (!u o circu4(t!n+
&:
!3r!v!nt+ ! in$r!ciunii =(itu!ie *n c!re e(te *n#+tur!t+ circu4(t!n! !3r!v!nt+< nu
in$r!ciune! *n v!ri!nt! ti"?
2&
.
>363C3 C%'&i*iile e!%!ii &e +ap(
!? (+ (e $i co4i( o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B
)? *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# (+ nu $i cuno(cut e8i(ten! unei (t+ri<
(itu!ii (!u *4"re7ur+ri de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Prin E(t!reF (e *ne#e3e 4odu# *n c!re (e "re.int+ o "er(o!n+ =e8e4"#u<(t!re! civi#+<
"re3+tire! inte#ectu!#+< (t!re! de 4inorit!te< etc.? ori un )un =v!#o!re! econo4ic+<
(t!re! de u.ur+< etc.?< ori o in(tituie =uti#!re teAnic+< (!rcini#e ce-i revin< etc.?B
E(itu!i!F "rive5te "o.ii! "e c!re o !re o "er(o!n+ =rud+ !"ro"i!t+< c+(+torit+< etc.?<
ori un )un =!"!rine !vutu#ui "er(on!# (!u !vutu#ui "u)#ic< etc.?B "rin
E*4"re7ur!reF(e de(e4ne!.+ o circu4(t!n+ *n c!re !re #oc (+v9r5ire! $!"tei =#oc
"u)#ic< ti4"u# no"ii< etc.?B
c? (t!re!< (itu!i! (!u *4"re7ur!re! c!re nu !u $o(t cuno(cute "ot (+ re"re.inte un
e#e4ent con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< ori o circu4(t!n+ ! !ce(tui!.
C9nd (t!re!< (itu!i!< *4"re7ur!re! necuno(cut+ de $+"tuitor e(te o condiie de
e8i(ten+ ! in$r!ciunii< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te *n#+tur!t.
D!c+ ero!re! "o!rt+ !(u"r! identit+ii "er(o!nei- (itu!i! unor in$r!ciuni
contr! "er(o!nei =error in "er(on!4? (!u !(u"r! o)iectu#ui 4!teri!# !# in$r!ciunii<
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu v! $i *n#+tur!t.
Pentru ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< ero!re! c!re "rive5te un e#e4ent
con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii tre)uie (+ (u).i(te "e tot "!rcur(u# e8ecut+rii !ciunii (!u
in!ciunii =*n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or continui< continu!te c!re "re(u"un o dur!t+ *n
ti4"?.
2&
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:-.
&1
C9nd (t!re!< (itu!i! (!u *4"re7ur!re! necuno(cut+ de $+"tuitor re"re.int+ o
circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ ! in$r!ciunii< ero!re! v! duce #! *n#+tur!re! !ce(tei!< !
r+("underii "en!#e "entru $or4! !3r!v!t+< $+"tuitoru# ur49nd ! r+("unde "en!#
"entru in$r!ciune! *n v!ri!nt! ti".
Efectele erorii de fapt c5nd aceasta prive"te un ele*ent constitutiv al
infraciunii
!? Ero!re! de $!"t *n c!.u# $!"te#or (+v9r5ite cu intenie.
Ero!re! de $!"t cu "rivire #! o (t!re< (itu!ie (!u *4"re7ur!re c!re (unt "rev+.ute
c! e#e4ente con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii co4i(e cu intenie *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!#
!# $!"tei 5i< "e c!#e de con(ecin+< nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui
=!rt.21 !#in.1 din Codu# "en!#?. Ace!(t! deo!rece< #i"(e5te vinov+i! $+"tuitoru#ui
c!re nu ! !vut re"re.ent!re! c!r!cteru#ui "ericu#o( !# $!"tei (!#e.
)? D!c+ $!"t! e(te *ncri4in!t+< !t9t !tunci c9nd e(te (+v9r5it+ cu intenie< c9t 5i
!tunci c9nd e(te co4i(+ din cu#"+< ero!re! de $!"t *n#+tur+ vinov+i! 5i deci<
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei 5i !tunci< c9nd e(te (+v9r5it+ din cu#"+< nu4!i d!c+ (e
con(t!t+ c+ ero!re! nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu# cu#"ei =!rt.21 !#in.- din Codu#
"en!#?. D!c+ ero!re! (e d!tore!.+ cu#"ei $+"tuitoru#ui =ne!teniei< 3r!)ei< u5urinei
etc.? cu#"! (u).i(t+ *n (+v9r5ire! $!"tei 5i nu v! $i *n#+tur!t c!r!cteru# "en!# !#
!ce(tei! =e8e4"#u< $!r4!ci(tu#< din ero!re< d+ unui c#ient< *n #oc de 4edic!4ent< o
(u)(t!n+ otr+vito!re?.
>36343 E+ec(ele e!%!ii &e +ap( a-9p!a ci!c9B-(a'*el%!
Ero!re! de $!"t *n#+tur+ !3r!v!re! c9nd "o!rt+ !(u"r! unor circu4(t!ne de
!3r!v!re !#e unei in$r!ciuni intenion!te< i!r c9nd "o!rt+ !(u"r! unei circu4(t!ne
!3r!v!nte #! o in$r!ciune *ncri4in!t+ 5i !tunci c9nd e(te co4i(+ din cu#"+< v! duce
#! *n#+tur!re! ei nu4!i d!c+< necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+ ! (t+rii< (itu!iei
&'
(!u *4"re7ur+rii ce con(tituie circu4(t!n+ de !3r!v!re nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu#
cu#"ei
2,
.
>363A3 E!%a!ea &e &!ep( pe'al
Po!rt+ !(u"r! e8i(tenei nor4ei de incri4in!re *n(+5i 5i nu *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# $!"tei =!rt.21 !#in./ din Codu# "en!#?.
0n doctrin! "en!#+ e(te un!ni4 !d4i( "rinci"iu# c+ Enu (e "o!te invoc!
necuno!5tere! #e3iiF $iindc+< ni4eni nu "o!te $i "re(u"u( c+ o i3nor+ Ene4o
cen(etur #e3e4 i3nor!reF
21
.
Ero!re! de dre"t e8tr!"en!#- !re !ce#e!5i e$ecte c! 5i ero!re! de $!"t< !dic+
*n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ace(t ti" de ero!re e(te *nt9#nit 4!i $recvent *n
c!.u# nor4e#or c!re "rev+d c! e#e4ent con(titutive !# in$r!ciunii< condii! c! $!"t!
(+ $ie (+v9r5it+ E"e nedre"tF (!u Econtr!r di("o.iii#or #e3!#eF
6:
.
>383Ca9l +%!(9i(
Art.-1 din Nou# Cod "en!#. Ca9l +%!(9i(- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+
de #e3e! "en!#+ !# c+rei re.u#t!t e con(ecin! unei *4"re7ur+ri c!re nu "ute! $i
"rev+.ut+
61
.
C!.u# $ortuit de(e4ne!.+ (itu!i!< (t!re!< *4"re7ur!re! *n c!re !ciune! (!u
in!ciune! unei "er(on!e ! "rodu( un re.u#t!t "e c!re !ce! "er(o!n+ nu #-! conce"ut
2,
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
21
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
6:
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
61
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".''.
&-
5i nici ur4+rit 5i c!re (e d!tore!.+ unei ener3ii ! c+rei intervenie nu ! "utut $i
"rev+.ut+.
S"eci$ic "entru c!.u# $ortuit e(te $!"tu# c+ !ciune! (!u in!ciune! unei
"er(on!e "roduce un re.u#t!t (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( d!torit+ interveniei unei $ore !
c+rei !"!riie nu ! "utut $i "rev+.ut+ 5i c!re "roduce *n $!"t !ce# re.u#t!t =de e8.
tr!ctori(tu# c!re< *n ti4" ce !r+ cu tr!ctoru#< !tin3e cu "#u3u# un o)u.< r+4!(
nee8"#od!t *n "+49nt din ti4"u# r+.)oiu#ui< c!re e8"#ode!.+ 5i r+ne5te un 4uncitor
!3rico#?.
I4"o(i)i#it!te! de "revedere ! interveniei $orei (tr+ine c!re ! deter4in!t
"roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( e(te 3ener!#+ 5i o)iectiv+< ine de
#i4ite#e 3ener!#e o4ene5ti !#e "o(i)i#it+ii de "revedere
6'
.
04"re7ur+ri#e $ortuite "ot "roveni de #! $!ctori di$erii cu4 !r $iD
$eno4ene#e n!turii 5i teAnici.!re! !ctivit+i#or u4!ne =de$ect!re! unui 4ec!ni(4?B
conduit! i4"rudent+ ! unei "er(o!ne =!"!rii! )ru(c+< *n $u3+< *n $!! unui
!utoturi(4 ! unei "er(o!ne?B (t!re! 4!#!div+ ! unei "er(on!e< etc.
>383/3 C%'&i*iile ca9l9i +%!(9i(
A>
Re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( !# $!"tei (+ $ie con(ecin! interveniei unei
*4"re7ur+ri (tr+ine de voin! 5i con5tiin! $+"tuitoru#uiB
;+"tuitoru# (+ $i $o(t *n i4"o(i)i#it!te! de ! "revede! interveni! *4"re7ur+rii
c!re ! "rodu( re.u#t!tu#B
I4"revi.i)i#it!te! (e re$er+ #! interveni! *4"re7ur+rii< ! 4o4entu#ui de
!"!riie !# !ce(tei *4"re7ur+ri< 5i nu #! re.u#t!tu# c!re "o!te $i 3ener!# "revi.i)i#
6/
.
;!"t! c!re ! "rodu( un re.u#t!t (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( d!tor!t interveniei
i4"revi.i)i#e ! unei ener3ii (tr+ine (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
6'
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2,.
6-
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".12&.
6/
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6:.
&/
>383>3 E+ec(ele D9!i&ice
;!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ co4i(+ *n c!. $ortuit nu e(te in$r!ciune
deo!rece *i #i"(e5te vinov+i!.
0ntruc9t i4"o(i)i#it!te! "revederii interveniei ener3iei (tr+ine e(te 3ener!#+ 5i
o)iectiv+< e$ecte#e c!.u#ui $ortuit o"ere!.+ in re4< !dic+ (e vor r+($r9n3e !(u"r!
tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or.
R+("undere! civi#+ e(te *n#+tur!t+ nu4!i d!c+ !ce!(t+ c!u.+ nu vine *n
concur( cu !#te c!u.e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
62
.
1pe.D Caz fortuit. Condi.ii
ECuprins pe *aterii8 Drept penal. Partea general. 3nfrac.iunea. Cauzele
care nltur caracterul penal al faptei. Cazul fortuit
9ndice alfabetic8 Drept penal
/ caz fortuit

C%& pe'al, !rt. /&

Nu (unt *ntrunite condiii#e "rev+.ute *n !rt. /& Cod "en!# re$erito!re #!
c!.u# $ortuit< d!c+ incu#"!tu#< c!re nu ! re("ect!t re3u#i#e de circu#!ie "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice *n vedere! evit+rii oric+rui "erico#< !v9nd "re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+<
"ute! 5i tre)ui! (+ "rev!d+ re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< 5i !nu4e "roducere!
unui !ccident de circu#!ie< condii! i4"revi.i)i#it+ii !)(o#ute ! *4"re7ur+rii c!re !
deter4in!t "roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui ne$iind *nde"#init+.

I.C.C.H.< (eci! "en!#+< deci.i! nr. 6-&- din 1: noie4)rie '::2

Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr. 611 din '- dece4)rie '::/< @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 !
cond!4n!t "e incu#"!tu# N.C. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+
din cu#"+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1,/ !#in. ='? 5i =/? Cod "en!#< i!r "e incu#"!tu# B.I.<
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de ucidere din cu#"+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1&, !#in. ='? din
!ce#!5i cod.
62
&2
In(t!n! ! reinut c+< *n no!"te! de ', (e"te4)rie '::'< *n ti4" ce conduce!
un !utoturi(4 "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< d!torit+ nere("ect+rii "revederi#or !rt. 1 5i !rt.
16 din Decretu# nr. -',>1166 5i !#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re!
Decretu#ui -',>1166< incu#"!tu# N.C. ! trecut cu !utoturi(4u# "e(te cor"u# victi4ei
N.I.< c+.ut+ "e c!ro(!)i#< du"+ ce $u(e(e "roiect!t+ de !utoturi(4u# condu( de
incu#"!tu# B.I.
In(t!n! ! 4!i reinut c+< #! !cee!5i d!t+< incu#"!tu# B.I.< conduc9nd
!utoturi(4u# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice 5i nere("ect9nd "revederi#e !rt. 1 5i !rt. 16 din
Decretu# nr. -',>1166 5i !#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re!
Decretu#ui -',>1166< ! !ccident!t 4ort!# "e N.I. 5i ! "rodu( #e.iuni 3r!ve ce !u
nece(it!t "entru vindec!re ,2-1: .i#e de *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e "+rii v+t+4!te M.E.< *n
ti4" ce !ce5ti! tr!ver(!u dru4u# "e 4!rc!7 "ieton!#.
Inii!# victi4e#e !u $o(t i.)ite de !utoturi(4u# condu( de incu#"!tu# B.I. 5i
!u $o(t "roiect!te "e c!ro(!)i#< M.E. c+.9nd *n .on! !co(t!4entu#ui< i!r N.I. *n .on!
!8u#ui dru4u#ui. Du"+ ce incu#"!tu# B.I. ! o"rit !utoturi(4u# 5i (-! de"#!(!t
*4"reun+ cu 4!rtorii c!re *# *n(oe!u "entru ! con(t!t! ur4+ri#e 5i ! !(i3ur! .on!
!ccidentu#ui< *n (en( contr!r !u !"+rut dou+ !utoturi(4e< ce# de-!# doi#e! $iind
condu( de incu#"!tu# N.C. Pri4u# !utoturi(4 ! reu5it (+ oco#e!(c+ victi4!< *n(+
incu#"!tu# N.C. nu ! o)(erv!t-o 5i ! trecut "e(te e!. 0n !ce(te condiii< N.I. $iind
!ccident!t de !4)e#e 4!5ini ! deced!t< i!r M.E. ! (u$erit #e.iuni 3r!ve.
;!+ de conc#u.ii#e r!"ortu#ui de e8"erti.+ 4edico-#e3!#+< din c!re ! re.u#t!t
c+ #e.iuni#e (u$erite de N.I. din i4"!ctu# cu !utoturi(4u# condu( de incu#"!tu# N.C.
nu !u contri)uit #! "roducere! dece(u#ui< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! di("u( (cAi4)!re!
*nc!dr+rii 7uridice "entru $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.C. din in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.
1&, !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< *n in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1,/ !#in. ='? 5i =/? din
!ce#!5i cod.
Prin deci.i! "en!#+ nr. 1-' din '1 4!rtie '::2< Curte! de A"e# Pite5ti !
!d4i( !"e#u# incu#"!tu#ui N.C. 5i ! di("u( (u("end!re! condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii
"ede"(ei !"#ic!te !ce(tui!.
Recur(u# dec#!r!t de incu#"!t< "rin c!re ! invoc!t< *ntre !#te#e< c!.u# de
c!(!re "rev+.ut *n !rt. -,2 !#in. =1? "ct. 1& Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< !r+t9nd c+ *n 4od
3re5it in(t!n! de !"e# nu ! !"#ic!t "revederi#e !rt. /& Cod "en!#< re$erito!re #! c!.u#
$ortuit< e(te ne$ond!t.
Prin coro)or!re! dec#!r!ii#or incu#"!tu#ui B.I. cu dec#!r!ii#or 4!rtori#or<
"roce(u#-ver)!# de con(t!t!re *ntoc4it de or3!ne#e de "o#iie< $oto3r!$ii#e 7udici!re
de #! #ocu# !ccidentu#ui 5i r!"ortu# de e8"erti.+ 4edico-#e3!#+< (-! (t!)i#it
contri)ui! concret+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.C.< $iind dovedit+ vinov+i! !ce(tui! (u)
&6
$or4! cu#"ei (i4"#e *n "roducere! !ccidentu#ui !uto< "rin nere("ect!re! unor re3u#i
de circu#!ie rutier+< !v9nd dre"t con(ecin+ v+t+4!re! cor"or!#+ ! victi4ei N.I.<
"rin #e.iuni#e "rodu(e #! nive#u# "icio!re#or< c!re nu !u !vut un "oteni!#
t!n!to3ener!tor.
Incu#"!tu# N.C.< !3ent "rinci"!# de "o#iie< *n c!#it!te de conduc+tor !uto< cu
"re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+< !ve! nu nu4!i o)#i3!i!< d!r 5i "o(i)i#it!te! de !
"roced! cu 4!8i4+ di#i3en+ *n de"#!(!re! "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice "e ti4" de no!"te
*n !"ro"iere! unui 4!rc!7 "ieton!#< *n (co"u# evit+rii oric+rui "erico#.
0n c!u.+< incu#"!tu# N.C. nu ! re("ect!t re3u#i#e rutiere de de"#!(!re cu
!utoturi(4u# "e ti4" de no!"te< *n (en(u# c+ nu ! d!t dov!d+ de di#i3en+ "rin
#u!re! tuturor 4+(uri#or *n vedere! evit+rii oric+rui "erico#.
A5! cu4 re.u#t+ din "ro)e#e !d4ini(tr!te *n c!u.+< $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.C.<
c!re nu ! #u!t to!te 4+(uri#e nece(!re "entru o de"#!(!re *n (i3ur!n+ "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice *n (co"u# evit+rii oric+rui "erico#< *nc+#c9nd "revederi#e #e3!#e reinute 5i !
!ccident!t victi4! "rin trecere! cu !utoturi(4u# "e(te "icio!re#e !ce(tei!<
"roduc9ndu-i #e.iuni ce nu !u !vut c!r!cter t!n!to3ener!tor< *n(+ c!re *n (itu!i!
(u"r!vieuirii !r $i nece(it!t 1:-1:: .i#e de *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e< con(tituie in$r!ciune!
de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+ din cu#"+.
0n ("e+< nu (unt incidente "revederi#e !rt. /& Cod "en!#< re$erito!re #! c!.u#
$ortuit< *ntruc9t incu#"!tu#< !v9nd "re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+< "ute! 5i tre)ui!
(+ "rev!d+ re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< 5i !nu4e "roducere! unui !ccident de
circu#!ie< !tunci c9nd nu ! #u!t to!te 4+(uri#e de (i3ur!n+ *n tr!$ic.
Condii! i4"revi.i)i#it+ii !)(o#ute ! *4"re7ur+rii c!re ! deter4in!t
"roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui nu e(te *nde"#init+< *ntruc9t "re.en! victi4ei "e c!ro(!)i# !
$o(t (e4n!#i.!t+ de incu#"!tu# B.I.< *4"re7ur!re c!re ! condu( #! oco#ire! !ce(tei! de
c+tre un !#t !utoturi(4< *n ti4" ce incu#"!tu# nu ! "utut evit! !ccidentu#< c! ur4!re
! nere("ect+rii o)#i3!ii#or "entru evit!re! oric+rui "erico#.
0n con(ecin+< recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui ! $o(t re("in(.

Not+D Prevederi#e !rt. 1 5i !rt. 16 din Decretu# nr. -',>1166 (e re3+(e(c *n !rt. -2 5i
!rt. /, !#in. =1? din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< i!r "revederi#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din
Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re! Decretu#ui nr. -',>1166< *n !rt. 12, #it. 4? din H. G.
nr. ,2>'::-.F
Co+entariu:
2Nu sunt ntrunite condi.iile prevzute n art. 98 Cod penal referitoare la
cazul fortuit, dac inculpatul, care nu a respectat regulile de circula.ie pe
&&
dru+urile pu-lice n vederea evitrii oricrui pericol, av,nd pregtirea 'i
e4perien.a necesar, putea 'i tre-uia s prevad rezultatul social+ente periculos,
'i anu+e producerea unui accident de circula.ie, condi.ia i+previzi-ilit.ii
a-solute a +prejurrii care a deter+inat producerea rezultatului nefiind
ndeplinit.5
Punctu# de vedere !# in(t!nei e(te tot!# corect< ne$iind "o(i)i#+ invoc!re!
c!.u#ui $ortuit< "entru c+ !ccidentu# (-! "rodu( ur4!re! *nc+#c!rii re3u#!4etu#ui
!uto< i!r re("in3ere! recur(u#ui incu#"!tu#ui e(te !)(o#ut 4otiv!t+.
&,
CONCLU#II
A4 !#e( c! (u)iect de !n!#i.+ 5i te4+ de cercet!re ICa9ele ca!e ='l:(9!:
ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(eiI< *n c!dru# #ucr+rii de #icen+< c! ur4!re ! i4"ort!nei
!ce(tui c!"ito# *n !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# !# Ro49niei 5i< 4eninere! #or *n nou# Cod
"en!# ce v! intr! *n vi3o!re *nce"9nd cu -1 dece4)rie ':1'< *n c!re !u 4!i $o(t
!d+u3!te< *n(+< c!u.e noi c!D e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!iiB
con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te 5i e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#.
A4 (tructur!t #ucr!re! *n trei c!"ito#e< !v9nd *n vedere c#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or
*n Nou# Cod "en!#. A(t$e# c+< *n "ri4u# c!"ito# !4 "re.ent!t !("ecte#e 3ener!#e
"rivind c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< cu"rin.9nd ur4+to!re#e ideiD
- noiune! de c!r!cter "en!# !# $!"teiB
- "o(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"teiB
- conce"tu# c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"teiB
- *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#B
- c#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
C!"ito#u# !# doi#e! conine 5i de.)!te c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive< (u) to!te !("ecte#e<
din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie de c!u.e $+c9nd "!rteD #e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de nece(it!te<
e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!ii< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei
v+t+4!te.0n c!dru# "ri4e#or dou+ c!u.e !4 "re.ent!t 5i dou+ ("ee "e !ce(te te4e<
*n $in!#u# c+ror! 4i-!4 e8"u( co4ent!riu# "ro"riu #e3!t de (entin! #u!t+ de
co4"#etu# de 7udec!t+.
C!"ito#u# !# trei#e! "re.int+ c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te< (u) !("ecte#e #or
e(eni!#e< din !ce(te c!u.e $+c9nd "!rteD con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+B con(tr9n3ere!
4or!#+=ce#e dou+ c!u.e $iind "riv!te individu!# *n nou# cod "en!# $!+ de !ctu!#u#
cod "en!#< unde (unt c#!(i$ic!te *4"reun+?B e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#B 4inorit!te!
$+"tuitoru#uiB ire("on(!)i#it!te!B into8ic!i!B ero!re! 5i c!.u# $ortuit. A4 "re.ent!t
dou+ ("ee #! ce#e dou+ c!u.e 5i !nu4eD con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+ 5i #! < c!.u# $ortuit<
!4)e#e !v9nd !t!5!t co4ent!riu# "ro"riu !(u"r! deci.ii#or #u!te.
&1
Lucr!re! de $!+ "o!te con(titui un 3Aid e8"#ic!tiv de *ne#e3ere ! nout+i#or *n
nou# Cod "en!# *n "!r!#e# cu ce# !ctu!#.
,:
BIBLIO5RAFIE
13 BOROI, A#e8!ndru< 2Drept penal.Partea general.Confor+
Noului Cod penal5< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H. BecK< ':1:B
/3 BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD
Editur! A##< 111&B
>3 DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2B
C3 5EOR5E,Antoniu =coord.?< Noul Cod Penal. Co+entat ;ol.
3(art.(/*"&< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H.BecK<'::6B
43 5EOR5E,Antoniu =coord.?< Noul Cod Penal. ;ol. 33(art.*8/
(8(&< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H.BecK<'::,B
A3 5EOR5E,Antoniu< ;inov.ia penal,Bucure5tiD Editur!
Ac!de4iei< '::-B
63 IVAN, GA.<2Drept penal. Partea general5<Bucure5tiD Editur!
C.H.BecK< '::,B
83 LUPACU, D!n < 2Noul Cod Penal(Legea nr.!"#$$%&'i Noul
Cod de Procedur Penal(Legea nr.()*#$($& 5< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u#
Huridic< ':11B
73 MITRACJE, Con(t!ntin< MITRACJE,Cri(ti!n<2Drept Penal
>o+,n5< Edii! ! IIII !< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':1:B
103 MITRACJE< C.< MITRACJE < C., Drept penal ro+,n,
Partea general,Edii! ! I-! rev+.ut+ 5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u#
Huridic< '::6B
113 PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur!
H!4!n3iu<'::&B
1/3 POPESCU< Mire#! Sorin!< Drept penal: Partea general<
Pite5tiD Editur! EInde"enden! Econo4ic+F< '::,B
,1
1>3 STRETEANU, ;#orin< 2Drept penal: Partea general 35<
Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu< '::1B
1C3 STRETEANU < ;#orin< MOROANU< R!#uc!< 3nstitu.ii 'i
infrac.iuni n Noul Cod Penal< Bucure5ti< ':1:B
143 A'alele U'i.e!-i(:*ii IC%'-(a'(i' B!F'c9)iK din @9r3u Hiu<
Seri! Gtiine Huridice< Nr. '>':1:< AN@ONIU <Geor3e, =-serva.ii critice cu
privire la noul Cod Penal.
1A3 CODUL PENAL=intr!t *n vi3o!re #! , dece4)rie '::,< "rin
O.U.G.nr.11,>'::,.
163 CODUL PENAL=neintr!t *n vi3o!re<v! intr! *n vi3o!re cu -1
dece4)rie ':1'?.
183 Le@ea nr.',6>1&.:&.'::1 privind Codul penal din Monitoru#
O$ici!# nr.21:> '/.:&.'::1B
173 Le@ea nr.1-2>:1.:&.':1: privind Codul de procedur penal
din Monitoru# O$ici!# nr./,6>12.:&.':1:B
/03 Le@ea nr.'&>16.:-.':1' pentru +odificarea 'i co+pletarea
Codului penal al >o+,niei 'i a Legii nr.!"#$$% privind Codul Penal din
Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.1,:>':.:-.':1'.
/13 O3U35.nr.'6>111& "rivind "roteci! co"i#u#ui !$#!t *n di$icu#t!te<
4odi$ic!t+ "rin Le3e! nr.1:, din :' iunie 111, din Monitoru# O$ici!# nr. 22&
din '-.:6.'::/.
,'

Cauzele Care Inlatura Caracterul Penal Al Faptei

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Cauzele Care Inlatura Caracterul Penal Al Faptei

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

UNIVERSITATEA ,,CONSTANTIN BRNCOVEANU

FACULTATEA DE TIINE JURIDICE, ADMINISTRATIVE I ALE

Anda mungkin juga menyukai