Worm Gear - KHK

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To nd information on new products, see Page 6 and 7.
507
Worm Gear Pair
Catalog Number of KHK Stock Gears
The Catalog Number for KHK stock gears is based on the simple
formula listed below. Please order KHK gears by specifying the
Catalog Numbers.
Worm Gear Pair
Feature Icons
RoHS Compliant
Product
Stainless Product
Re-machinable
Product
Resin Product
Finished Product Copper Alloy Product
Heat Treated Product
Injection Molded
Product
Ground Gear
Black Oxide coated
Products
(Example)
KWGDLKWGDLS
Duplex Worms
m1.5 4 Page 516
KWG
Ground Worm Shafts
m0.5 6 Page 522
AGDL
Duplex Worm Wheels
m1.5 4 Page 516
Reduction Ratio 20 60
AG
Worm Wheels
m0.5 1.5 Page 522
AGF
Worm Wheels
m2 6 Page 526
SWG
Ground Worms
m1 6 Page 532
Newly added
Series
AG
Worm Wheels
m1 6 Page 532
BG
Bronze Worm Wheels
m0.5 6 Page 540
SW
Steel Worms
m0.5 6 Page 540
Newly added
Series
CG
Gray Iron Worm Wheels
m1 6 Page 542
Reduction Ratio
10 120
DG
Plastic Worm Wheels
m0.5, 0.8 Page 556
PG
Plastic Worm Wheels
m1 3 Page 558
Reduction Ratio
10 50
SUW
Stainless Steel Worms
m0.5 3 Page 556
Newly added
Series
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Worms
K W G DL 2 - R1
Hand of Thread & Number of
Starts (Right hand, Single thread)
Module (2)
Type (Duplex Worm)
Others (Ground Gear)
Type ( Worm)
Material (SCM440)
Material Type
K SCM440 W Worms
S S45C DL Duplex Worms
SU SUS303 Other Information
G Ground Gears
S Worm Shafts
Material Type
A CAC702(*ABC2) G Worm Wheels
B CAC502(*PBC2) GDL Duplex Worm Wheels
C FC200
D Polyacetal * ( ) indicates old JIS designation
P MC901
Worm Wheels
A G 1.5 - 20 R2
Hand of Thread & Number of Starts
(Right hand, Double thread)
Number of teeth (20)
Module (1.5)
Type (Worm Wheel)
Material (CAC702)
508
Characteristics
Worm Gear Pair
NOTE 1 The material of cast hubs for AGF and AG worm wheels is FC200(Cast Iron). AG worm wheels mate primarily with SWG worms. But, for
Modules 0.8 or smaller, AG worm wheels mate with KWG worms.
NOTE 2 KHK stock worms and worm wheels are produced to KHKs own precision grades. See the Precision of Worms and Worm Wheelsin
the Selection Hintssection.
Worm Grinding Machine by Klingelnberg Worm gear testing machine by Klingelnberg
Our precision gear cutting technology enables acceleration and noise reduction
Setting the proper tooth contact and the backlash is essential for using worm gears. Use KHK stock worm gears for safe, reliable use.
The simplest way to obtain a large speed reduction with high torque in a compact space is with worm gear drives. KHK stock
worms and worm wheels are available in modules 0.5 to 6 and in speed ratios of 1/10 to 1/120, made in a variety of materials
and styles. We also ofer stock duplex worms and worm wheels with which you can obtain a very low backlash, high rotational pre-
cision system. The following table lists the main features for easy selection.
Type Catalog No. Module
No. of threads
or reduction ratio
Material
JIS
Heat treat-
ment
Tooth
surface
nish
Precision
KHK W 001
KHK W 002
NOTE 2
Features
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Worm KWGDL 2 4
Single thread
SCM440
Thermal refned,
gear teeth induc-
tion hardened
Ground 1
High-precision duplex worms with superior strength. A
range of backlash values can be obtained by moving the
worm axially.
Worm KWGDLS 1.5 4
Single thread
SCM440
Thermal refned,
gear teeth induc-
tion hardened
Ground 1
Duplex worms with a shaft, excellent in accuracy and
strength. A range of backlash values can be obtained by
moving the worm axially.
Worm
Wheel
AGDL 1.5 4 20 60
CAC702
ABC2
Cut 1
Duplex worm wheels made of aluminum bronze, excel-
lent in wear-resistance. The pitch accuracy is frst grade.
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Worm KWG 0.5 6
Single thread -
Double thread
SCM440
Thermal refned,
gear teeth induc-
tion hardened
Ground 2
Grounded fnished worms with a shaft, including tooth
surface quenching treatment. Allows compact design
due to having small reference diameters.
Worm
Wheel
AG NOTE 1 0.5 1.5 10 60
CAC702
ABC2
Cut 2
Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resis-
tance. Wide selection is available for this item.
Worm
Wheel
AGF NOTE 1 2 6 10 60
CAC702
ABC2
Cut 2
tance. Allows compact design.
Worm SWG 1 6
Single thread -
Triple thread
S45C
Gear teeth
induction
hardened
Ground 2
Reasonably priced ground worms. Ready-to-use fnished
products from the J Series, are also available.
Worm
Wheel
AG NOTE 1 1 6 10 60
CAC702
ABC2
Cut 2
tance. Wide selection is available for this item.
Worm SW 0.5 6
Single thread -
Double thread
S45C
Cut
Thread
rolled
4
Economical, commonly used worms that have broad util-
ity. Ready-to-use fnished products from the J Series are
also available.
Worm SUW 0.5 3
Single thread -
Double thread
SUS303 Cut 4
Rust-resistant worms made of stainless steel suitable for
mating with DS or PG worm wheels. Finished products
for the J Series are also available.
Worm
Wheel
BG 0.5 6 10 60
CAC502
PBC2
Cut 4
Phosphorous bronze worm wheels have excellent wear
resistance. Interchangeable with CG Worm Wheels, and
enhances strength.
Worm
Wheel
CG 1 6 10 120 FC200 Cut 4
Economical, commonly used worm wheels that have
broad utility. Available with a large selection of modules
and number of teeth.
Worm
Wheel
DG 0.5 0.8 10 60 Polyacetal Cut 5
Fine pitch worm wheels made of polyacetal, a
stable plastic material.
Worm
Wheel
PG 1 3 10 50 MC901 Cut 5
Light weight and strong MC Nylon worm wheels.
Suitable for use in food machinery, and can be
used without lubricant.
509
KHK Technical Information
The efficiency of power transmission varies somewhat
with the conditions of assembly and lubricant, but is gen-
erally 30
~
90% (excludes losses from bearings and churn-
ing of lubricants). The efciency of KHK stock worm gear
pair is given below as a reference. To learn more about
strength calculation, please refer to the technical informa-
tion contained in the Surface Durability of Cylindrical
Worm Gearingsection on page 688.
1. Efciency of Worm Gear Pair
Worm rpm
Catalog No.
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
KWG0.5-R1 30 34 38 41 43 46
KWG0.8-R1 35 40 44 47 49 53
KWG1-R1 34 40 45 48 51 54
KWG1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
KWG2-R1 45 51 56 60 62 65
KWG2.5-R1 44 51 57 61 62 67
KWG3-R1 44 52 58 61 64 67
KWG4-R1 50 58 64 66 70 72
KWG5-R1 51 60 66 69 71 73
KWG6-R1 53 61 66 70 72 75
KWG0.5-R2 46 50 54 58 60 63
KWG0.8-R2 51 56 61 64 66 69
KWG1-R2 51 56 62 64 67 70
KWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
KWG2-R2 61 67 71 74 76 78
KWG2.5-R2 60 67 72 75 76 80
KWG3-R2 61 68 73 75 78 80
KWG4-R2 66 73 77 79 82 84
Worm rpm
Catalog No.
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
SWG1-R1 34 40 45 48 51 54
SWG1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
SWG2-R1 38 45 51 55 56 61
SWG2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
SWG3-R1 41 49 55 58 62 65
SWG4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
SWG5-R1 46 54 60 64 66 70
SWG6-R1 48 57 64 66 68 73
SWG1-R2 51 56 62 64 67 70
SWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
SWG2-R2 55 62 67 70 72 75
SWG2.5-R2 57 64 69 72 75 77
SWG3-R2 58 66 71 73 76 78
SWG4-R2 59 67 72 75 77 80
SWG5-R2 62 70 75 78 79 82
SWG6-R2 65 72 77 80 81 84
SWG3-R3 67 74 78 80 82 84
SWG4-R3 68 75 79 82 83 86
Efciency of KWGDLS/AGDL Worm Gear Pair ( %)
(rpm Rotation of worm)
Efciency of KWG/AG, AGF Worm Gear Pair ( %)
Efciency of SWG/AG Worm Gear Pair ( %)
Self-locking is defined as the inability of worm wheels to
drive the worms. Factors affecting the self-locking feature
include the materials of the worm and worm wheel, lead
angle, precision of manufacture, types of bearings, lubricant,
etc. Thus, it is not dependent simply on the lead angle. But,
in general, self-locking will occur when the lead angle in a
single thread worm is less than 4
. For systems requiring

fail-safe prevention of back drive, we recommend other brak-
ing mechanisms or one-way clutches.
2. Self-Locking Feature of Worm Gear Pair
Efciency of SW, SUM / CG, BG, PG Worm Gear Pair ( %)
The efciency is approximately as follows, depending on
the assembly, loading, lubrication and rotational speed.
Catalog No. Thread Efciency
SW/SUW
Single thread 40 50
Double thread 50 60
Worm rpm
Catalog No.
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
KWGDL1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
KWGDL2-R1 38 45 51 55 56 61
KWGDL2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
KWGDL3-R1 41 49 55 58 62 65
KWGDL3.5-R1 42 50 56 61 62 65
KWGDL4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
510
Worm Gear Pair
Please select the most suitable products by carefully considering the characteristics of items and contents of the product
tables. It is also important to read all applicable CAUTIONnotes shown below before the fnal selection. Use of catalog
numbers when ordering will simplify and expedite the processing of your order.
Selection Hints
Worms and worm wheels have either right-hand or left-hand helix.
The same hand worms and worm wheels comprise sets. However,
the number of threads and whether they use normal module or axial
module system must also be matched. The table below shows
available combinations of KHK stock worms and worm wheels.
1. Caution in Selecting the Mating Gears
Worm
KWGDL
KWGDLS
KWG SWG SW SUW
Mating Worm Wheel
NOTE 1
Helix/
Thread
R1 R1 R2 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 L1 L2 R1 R2
AGDL R1
AG0.5~1.5
AGF
R1
R2
AG
R1
R2
R3
BG
R1
R2
L1
L2
CG
R1
R2
L1
L2
PG
R1
R2
DG
R1
R2
Mating Worm Wheels Selection Chart
NOTE 1 Select the same module for both members.
The gear strength values shown in the product pages were computed by assuming a certain application environment as shown below. There-
fore, they should be used as reference only. We recommend that each user computes their own values by applying the actual usage conditions.
2. Caution in Selecting Gears Based on Gear Strength
Catalog No.
Item
KWGDLKWGDLS/AGDL
KWG/AGF, SWG/AG
SW/BG SW/CG SUW/PG SUW/DG
Formula NOTE 2 Formula of worm gear's strengthJGMA405-01 The Lewis formula
Rotations of worm 600rpm 100rpm Allowable bending stresskgf/mm
2
Lubricant Lubricant for gears with proper viscosity and with anti-pressure additives
1.15
40
O
C with No
Lubrication
NOTE 3
1
40
O
C with No
Lubrication
Lubrication Oil bath
Starting condition Starting torque less than 200% of rated torque. Less than 2 starts per hour
Durability 26000 hours
Impact from motor Uniform load
Impact from load Uniform load
Allowable stress factor Sclim 0.67 0.70 0.42
Calculation assumptions for Bending Strength Calculation assumptions for Surface Durability
NOTE 2The gear strength formula is based on JGMA (Japanese Gear Manufacturers Association) specifcations and MC Nylon Technical Databy
Nippon Polypenco Limited. The units for the rotational speed (rpm) and the stress (kgf/mm2) are adjusted to the units needed in the formula.
NOTE 3Allowable bending stress of DG worm wheel is the value we estimated.
RH single thread LH single thread
RH double thread LH double thread
The Helixes of Worms and Worm Wheels
The Maximum Allowable Sliding Speed Due to Heat
Catalog No. Max. Sliding Speed (m/s)
AGDL 15
AGF 15
AG 15
BG 10
CG 2.5
PG 1no lubrication
The maximum allowable sliding speed for each series

of worm wheels is given pn the right. Select the ap-
propriate part by calculating the sliding speed.
Sliding speedsm/s
s
dn
19100 cos
d Worm pitch dia.
n Worm speed (rpm)
Worm nominal lead angle
* JGMA405-01
511
The precision standards of KHK stock worms and worm
wheels are established by us. The table below indicates
the tolerance ranges for our products.
3. Selecting Worms and Worm Wheels by Precision
KHK established allowable profle and lead errors of worms
with precision grades 1 to 4, by using the JIS Standard as
reference. Lead errors are measured over one full revolution.
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Error
Module
over
m0.4
up to1
over
m1up
to 1.6
over
m1.6
up to 2.5
over
m2.5
up to 4
over
m4
up to 6
1
Tooth prole error 8 12 16 20 25
Lead error 7 9 11 13 16
2
Lead error 15 18 21 25 28
3
Lead error 20 23 27 33 37
4
Lead error 30 32 38 46 52
Precision Grades of Worm Wheels (KHK W 002)
We have established standard grades 1 to 5 of worm
wheels using the JIS Standard as reference. The allow-
able values of Single Pitch Error and Runout Error are
defned for each module size and pitch diameter.
Unitm
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Error
Over m0.4 up to 1 Over m1 up to 1.6 Over m1.6 up to 2.5 Over m2.5 up to 4 Over m4 up to 6
Pitch diameter (mm)
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2
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2
5

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1
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1
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2
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2
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4
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4
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2
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5
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1
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1
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2
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2
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1
Single pitch error 5 6 7 7 9 6 7 8 9 10 7 7 8 9 11 8 9 10 11 13 9 10 11 13 14
Total composite error 21 24 26 30 34 25 28 31 35 41 27 30 33 37 43 33 36 40 46 53 37 40 45 50 57
2
3
4
5
Overall Length Tolerance of Worms
Precision of wormsKHK W 001
Precision of worm wheels (KHK W 002)
Overall Length Tolerance of Worms
Precision Grades of Worms (KHK W 001) (Unit: m)
Series Total length(mm) Tolerance
KWGDL Uniform
0
0.10
SWG
SW
SUW
Less than 100
0
0.15
Over 100
0
0.20
KWGDLS
KWG
Uniform Normal tolerance
Overall Length Tolerance of Worms Wheels
Total length(mm) Tolerance
below 30
0
0.10
over 30 up to 100
0
0.15
over 100
0
0.20
CAUTION PG Plastic Wheels are excluded.
If you are reboring, it is important to pay special
attention to locating the center in order to avoid
runout. (Fig.1) The reference datum for gear cutting
or grinding is the bore. (For worm shafts, it is ground
portion of the shaft.) Therefore, use the bore or shaft
for locating the center. If it is too difficult to do for
small bores, the alternative is to use one spot on the
bore and the runout of the side surface.
To open up the bore to its maximum, calculate the
bore size so that the tooth strength is weaker than the
strength of the remaining material.
For machining the maximum bore diameter, it should
be designed so that the thickness between hub
diameter (or root diameter) to bore diameter has
more strength than the gear strength. As a guide, the
maximum machined bore diameter should be within
60 % to 70 % of the hub diameter (or root diameter).
512
Worm Gear Pair
Application Hints
KHK Co., Ltd.
TEL.048-254-1744 FAX.048-254-1765
E-mail export@khkgears.co.jp
1. Caution on Performing Secondary Operations
If chucking operation using scroll chucks is
to be done, we recommend the use of new
or rebored jaws for improved precision.
Fig.1
2. Points of Caution in Assembling
Lathe Operation
Direction of rotation and thrust force
R helical
Driver Thrust bearing
Thrust bearing
Driver
Driver Driver
L helical
Fig.2
In order to use KHK stock worms and worm wheels safely,
carefully read the Application Hints before proceeding. If
there are questions or you require clarifcations, please con-
tact our technical department or your nearest distributor.
KHK stock worms and worm wheels are designed
such that when assembled according to the specifed
mounting distance with a tolerance of H7 to H8, the
backlash shown in the product tables is obtained. Do
not attempt to eliminate backlash by pushing worms
into worm wheels or operate with the worm shifted in
the direction along the tooth.
Because of the helix of the gear teeth, worms and
worm wheels produce axial thrust forces. The direc-
tions of thrust depend on the hand of the helix and the
direction of rotation. This is illustrated below in Fig.2.
The bearings must be selected properly to be able to
handle these thrust forces. See the Gear Forces
section in the technical reference for more details
(Page 699).
Because large thrust forces act on worms, if they are
not secured to the shaft frmly, they tend to shift. Use
of step shafts, set screws, dowel pins, etc., are recom-
mended. Also, check for loosening of bearings due to
thrust forces.
When the keyway is processed, it should be 50 % to
60 % . In the case FC material is used, it should be
lower by 10% or more.
Since worm wheels are molded products, they may
have air bubbles inside the material. In case you
find air bubbles inside when performing secondary
operations, and if the bubbles are found to be
troublesome, please contact your KHK distributor.
513
3. Verifying the orientation of assembly
SW Worms and BG Worm Wheels used in adjusting a cloth feeding device SW Worms and CG Worm Wheels used in a rotating comb device
Application Examples
Verify that the worm axis is perpendicular to the worm
wheel axis.
Check that the worm axis is in the center of the worm
wheel face width.
Check the mounting distance (allowable mounting dis-
tance H7 H8).
Confirm that the center of the worm wheel goes
through the midpoint of the worm length.
Bad Good Good
RH LH
Bad
Error
Error
RH LH
Error
Error
Error
Error
The worm cannot rotate correctly if the worm is
engaged close to either end of its length.
Bad Good
Bad Good
How well the worms and worm wheels are assembled has large efects on the friction of the unit. The tooth contact at
the time of assembly must be checked for correctness as shown below. See the Tooth Contact of a Worm Gear Pair
section in the technical reference for more details (Page 659).
514
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Duplex Worm Gears
KWGDLKWGDLS & AGDL
Description of duplex worm gears
The usual method of adjusting the backlash of a worm gear as-
sembly is to modify the center distance. Once assembled, such
adjustment requires a major rework of the gearbox housing. The
use of duplex worm gears allows the backlash adjustment to be
made by axially shifting the worm. This simplifes greatly the as-
sembly and maintenance operations. Because of the unique char-
acteristics of the product, please take time to study its construc-
tion and proper use.
Backlash adjustment mechanism and method of adjustment
CAUTIONThe amount of change in backlash ( j mm) in relation to the axial movement of
the duplex worm shaft (V mm) can be calculated from the formula below.
Where
ma Nominal Axial Module 0.01 Nominal Axial Module
mb Nominal Axial Module 0.01 Nominal Axial Module
j 2V
mb ma
ma mb
CAUTION The KHK duplex worm is designed so that, for all
modules, the backlash reduces by 0.02 mm when
the worm is shifted 1 mm.
Fig.1
Application Examples
Adjustment by using Screws * Adjustment by using Shims *
Fig. 2
Adjusting Screw Adjusting Shim
The dual-lead worm is formed to give a diference between the right tooth surface and
left tooth surface so that it provides a unique tooth profle in which the tooth thick-
ness varies continuously, corresponding with the lead diference. (Fig.1)
The worm gear is also formed in its right and left tooth surface.
When such a worm and worm gear are set up at a constant assembly distance and
the worm is moved in the axial direction, the tooth thickness of the worm in mesh
with the worm gear changes making backlash adjustment possible.
An arrow marking on the outer circumference of the hub of the
KHK duplex worm indicates the direction of assembly as well
as acts as a guide for the backlash adjustment.
When the worm is held with arrow mark pointing right, the
tooth thickness is thinner on the right and thicker on the left.
Therefore, moving the worm to the right causes the thicker
teeth to come into actual engagement with the worm gear,
thereby reducing the backlash. (Fig.2)
(a tooth surface pitch) (b tooth surface pitch)
b tooth surface a tooth surface
(
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Reference tooth
Moving the worm in the direction of the
arrow causes the backlash to decrease.
* The illustration above is a design example, not a design for machinery or a device in actual use.
515
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To nd information on new products, see Page 6 and 7.
Arrow mark indicates the correct orientation of two gears when assembled. As shown, the two arrows must point in the same direction.
Point of caution during assembly
KHK duplex worm gears difers in module between the right and left
tooth surface and, therefore, you must orient the worm and worm
wheel properly. Please carefully verify the following two aspects be-
fore proceeding with assembly.
1. Verifying the orientation of assembly
An arrow indicating the orientation of assembly is stamped on both the duplex worm and worm wheel. When assembling
the worm and worm wheel, check the worm wheel of the arrow mark on the front such that the direction of arrow mark on
the worm coincides with that on the worm wheel. Should the assembly be incorrect, the center distance awill become
larger than the normal distance, resulting in difculty of assembly and improper gear engagement. (Fig.3)
2. Verifying the reference position
A V-groove (60 , 0.3 mm deep line) on tip peripheral of the duplex worm tooth marks the reference tooth. The gear set is des-
ignated to have a backlash of nearly zero ( 0.045) when the reference tooth is positioned in alignment with the center of rota-
tion of the worm wheel with the center distance set at the value "a". (Fig.4)
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Reference tooth
Reference tooth
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Duplex Worm Gears
KWGDLKWGDLS & AGDL
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Worm Gear - KHK

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507

. For systems requiring

The maximum allowable sliding speed for each series

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