Applications Part II (MATH24)

V. Continuous Compound Interest

Let P = amount of money at any time
r = annual rate of interest
t = time
Rate Equation
dt
dP
! P or
dt
dP
= r P
"eneral #olution
P=C e
rt
Example: #ol$e t%e follo&in'
1. An annual interest of 4( is 'i$en on an account ) *%at is t%e
accumulate+ amount of P%p ,--.--- after / years0
2) If P%p /-.--- is 1orro&e+ at an interest of ,2( per year compoun+e+
continuously. an+ t%e loan is to 1e repai+ in one payment at t%e en+ of 2
years. %o& muc% must t%e 1orro&er repay0
#olution
P
0
=50,000( t =0) initial
.
r=0.12
P=?(t =2yrs)
)
dP
dt
=rPP=C e
rt
.
At t=-. P=Po = 2=/-.---)
At t = 2.
P=50,000e
0.12(2)
=P63, 562
) Ans
3) If an amount of money +ou1les itself in ,- years at an interest
compoun+e+ continuously. %o& lon' &ill it ta4e for t%e ori'inal amount to
triple itself0
#olution
at t=10, P=2 P
0
2 P
0
=P
0
e
r (10)
r=
ln2
10
.
t =? , P=3P
0
3 P
0
=P
0
e
(
ln2
10
)
t
t =10
&%ic% t%e su1stance is enterin' minus t%e rate at &%ic% it is 'oin' out)
Let 5 = amount of su1stance present at any time
qi = $olumetric flo& rate of t%e solution comin' in
qo = $olumetric flo& rate of t%e solution 'oin' out
ci= concentration of t%e solution comin' in
co = concentration of t%e solution 'oin' out
t = time

dt
dx
= rate of c%an'e
Rate Equation

=
dt
dx
rate comin' in 6 rate 'oin' out
dt
dx
= qi ci 7 qo co


Example: #ol$e t%e follo&in'

a) A tan4 contains ,-- liters of fres% &ater an+ 1rine containin' 2 4' of salt
per liter. flo&s into t%e tan4 at t%e rate of 3 liters per min an+ t%e mi5ture.
4ept uniform 1y stirrin'. flo&s out at t%e same rate) Ho& many 4' of salt
are t%ere in t%e tan4 at t%e en+ of 3- minutes0
a. Into a ,-- 6 'al tan4 initially fille+ &it% 1rine containin' /- l1 of salt
flo& 3 'al8min of 1rine containin' 2 l18'al of salt an+ t%e solution. 4ept
uniform 1y stirrin'. flo&s out at t%e rate of 2 'al8min) Ho& muc% salt is in
t%e tan4 at t%e en+ of ,-- minutes0
c. A se&a'e +isposal plant %as a 1i' %ol+in' tan4 of ,--.---6'al capacity) It
is 9 fille+ &it% liqui+ to start &it% an+ contains :-.--- l1 of or'anic
material in suspension) ;res% &ater runs into t%e tan4 at t%e rate of 2-.---
'al8%r an+ t%e &ell6stirre+ mi5ture lea$es at t%e rate of ,/.--- 'al8%r) Ho&
muc% or'anic material is in t%e tan4 at t%e en+ of 3 %ours0
d. A tan4 initially %ol+s <- 'al of 1rine containin' ,8< l1 of salt per
'allon) Anot%er 1rine solution. containin' , l18'al of salt. is poure+ into t%e
tan4 at t%e rate of 4 'al8min an+ t%e &ell6stirre+ mi5ture lea$es at t%e rate
of < 'al8min) ;in+ t%e amount of salt in t%e tan4 a) at any time. 1) after 3
minutes an+ c) t%e time &%en t%e tan4 &ill %ol+ 4- 'allons of solution)
VII. Simple Electric Circuits
=nly simple electric circuits containin' a resistor an+ an in+uctor or a
capacitor in series &it% an electromoti$e force is consi+ere+ in t%is
section) >irc%%off?s @olta'e La& &ill 1e use+ to sol$e t%e pro1lems)
>irc%%off?s @olta'e La&
Aroun+ any close+ pat% t%e sum of t%e instantaneous $olta'e +rops
in a specifie+ +irection is Aero)
Let t (secon+s) = time
B (coulom1s) = quantity of electricityC e)') c%ar'e on a capacitor
i (amperes) = current. time rate of flo& of electricity
E ($olts) = electromoti$e force or $olta'e
R (o%ms) = resistance
L (%enrys) = in+uctance
2 (fara+s) = capacitance
T%us.
,) If t%e circuit contains resistance an+ in+uctance only (R6L circuit). t%e
+ifferential equation &ill 1e
L
dt
di
D Ri = E(t )
2) If t%e circuit contains resistance an+ capacitance ( R 7 2 cicuit ). t%e
+ifferential equation &ill 1e
R
dt
dQ
D
C
1
B = E(t ))


Examples: #ol$e t%e follo&in'
a. A resistance an+ in+uctance are connecte+ in series in a circuit containin'
an impresse+ $olta'e of ,-- @) If R = ,- o%ms. L = 2 %enries an+ i = -
&%en t = -. fin+ i &%en t = )-2secon+)
b. A resistance of 3 o%ms an+ an in+uctance of 2 %enries are
connecte+ in series &it% an electromoti$e force of <e
6)---,t
$olts)
*%en &ill t%e current 1e -)< amperes if no current flo&s initially0
c. An in+uctance of 2 %enries an+ a $aria1le resistance r =
10
4
+ t
o%ms are
connecte+ in series &it% a constant emf of E $olts) If
i = - &%en t =- an+ i = /- amp &%en t = / secon+s. fin+ t%e
emf . E )
d. *%en a simple electric circuit. containin' no con+ensers 1ut
%a$in' in+uctance an+ resistance. %as t%e electromoti$e force remo$e+.
t%e rate of +ecrease of t%e current is proportional to t%e current) T%e
current is i amperes t secon+s after t%e cut6off. an+ i = 4- amperes &%en
t = -) If t%e current +ies +o&n to ,/ amperes in -)-, sec. fin+ i in terms
of t)
VIII. Motion Problems (Newtons Second Law)
;orce = mass 5 acceleration
&%ere m (mass) =
g
W

a (acceleration) =
dt
dv
T%us.
F m
dt
dv
*%ere ; = force t = time
m = mass ' = acceleration +ue to
$ = $elocity 'ra$ity

Example: #ol$e t%e follo&in'
a) A 1o+y falls from rest a'ainst a resistance t%at $aries +irectly as t%e $elocity) If
t%e limitin' spee+ or terminal $elocity is ,:- ft8sec. fin+ t%e spee+ after /
secon+s) Assume ' = 32
2
sec
ft
)
b. A &ei'%t. * l1. sli+es +o&n an incline+ plane t%at ma4es an an'le

&it% t%e
%oriAontal) Assume t%at no force ot%er t%an 'ra$ity is actin' on t%e 1o+y. t%at
is. t%ere is no friction. no air resistance. etc) At time t = -. let t%e +istance
tra$ele+ 5 1e 5- an+ let t%e initial $elocity 1e $-) Eetermine 5 for t

-)
c) A 1o+y &ei'%in' ,F:- G is pulle+ 1y a constant force of 4F2 G alon' a
%oriAontal plane &%ere t%e coefficient of friction 1et&een t%e 1o+y an+ t%e
plane is -)2-) T%ere is a &in+ resistance equal to t&ice t%e instantaneous