6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS

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Project Report on A.I.D.S.
INTRODUCTION OF HIV AIDS

What is AIDS ?
This is Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS. Definition :
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a pandemic disease.
AIDS cannot be compared to disease like malaria and cholera which
claim more live in country currently. It has a greater impact than
other disease. The treatment options are still in the initial stages and
are prohibitively expensive. There are instances of quacks taking
advantage of the situation. This has compounded the misery of
AIDS patients.
History of HIV AIDS:
It was first noticed in USA in 1981. The American and
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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French scientist independently identified the AIDS virus 1984. The
virus first named as HCLV III ( Human cell leukemia virus III). The
name (Human cell leukemia deficiency virus) is now preferred. It
now seems that HIV first passed into human from chimpanzees by
eating butchered chimps. 10% of the people, who get AIDS virus
infection, actually develop full blown AIDS.
Causes of AIDS
The main causes of AIDS is a disorder of cell mediated
immune system of the body. The disorder is characterized by a
reduction in the number of helper. T-cell which stimulate antibody
production by B-cells. This result in the loss of natural defense
against viral infection.
Transmission of AIDS Virus
It is only transmitted by a direct contact of infected cells -
containing blood of patient to the blood of a healthy person as in -
1) Sexual intercourse with an infected partner if there is tissue
injury to permit blood contact.
2) Use of contaminated needles and syringes to inject drugs or
vaccines.
3) Use of contaminated razors, needles for boring pinnae.
4) Transfusion of infected blood or blood product.
5) Organ transplant.
6) Artificial insemination.
7) Parturition from mother to baby due to rupturing of blood
vessels.
Note : The sexual of transmission account for over 75% of
infections.
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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AIDS is not a contagious disease. It does not spread by casual
contact, such as handshake , body contact in crowded places,
working or playing together , sharing clothes , eating food cooked
by infected person, using same toilet, swimming pools. It is also not
and ribovirin seem most promising. A drugs named zide vuidine
prolongs the life of many AIDS patient. However some patients
AIDS virus have already mutated to zidovudine resistant forms.
INTRODUCTION OF AIDS VIRUS
It is 100 to 140 nm. in diameter and has a cylindrical core. It is
found in blood and semen and to a lesser extent in milk tears and
saliva. It is a retrovirus, i.e. its genetic material is - RNA (single
stranded linear) which can make a DNA copy of itself with the help
of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. The virus bind specifically to a
surface receptor on a helper T-cell and introduce its RNA and
reverse transcriptase enzyme into the cells here it multiplies and the
release of new virus destroys the cell. AIDS occurs when the helper
T-cell falls too low to fight the disease.
Screening Test of AIDS
AIDS Patient generally have circulating antibodies which can be
detected. In many countries this test is done as a routine on blood,
donor, screening may prove harmful to victims. Persons found to be
HIV positive become depressed and suicidal and are denied
insurance, evicted from their houses, fired from their jobs only a
small minority of such persons are likely to develop full blown
AIDS. However the infected persons may spread infection to others.
Today ELISA test is done identify this pandemic disease (AIDS).
Manifestation of AIDS
Manifestation :- It can manifest in two major ways -
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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i) Maligent tumours in connective tissue
ii) Viral, bacterial, protozoan and fungalin-fection of any system of
the body. There are destruction of WBCS, damage to brain,.
unexplained fever, unexplained loss of appetite, unexplained
loss weight over a short time, chronic diarrhea, cough, night
sweats, enlargement of lymph glands, shortness of breath,
weakness.
AIDS Treatment :- Medical treatment of AIDS consist of :
i) Antiviral therapy against the causative agent
ii) Immuno simulative therapy to increase the number of resistance
- providing cells in the body or both. However no specific
treatment has been found so far and the mortality form AIDS is
virtually 100%. A victim of full blown AIDS dies with in 3 year
from infection of many drugs tried, azithmidine transmitted by
blood sucking insects such as mosquitoes, AIDS virus has been
found in urine, tears saliva, breast milk and vaginal secretions,
but is seems not to transmitted by these fluids unless it gets a
cut.
PREVENTIONS FROM AIDS
Following steps may help in controlling this dreaded disease.
i) People particularly those in high risk group should be
educated about AIDS transmission.
ii) High risk group should refrain from blood donation.
iii) Disposable needles and syringes should be used.
iv) Sexual habits should changed immediately.
v) Before receiving blood, ensure that it has been screened for
HIV.
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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vi) Routine screening may be done in
a) Blood Donors,
b) Organ Donors
c) Donors of semen and growth hormone,
d) Patient receiving haemodialysis
e) Females in high risk group, Who are pregnant or
contemplating pregnancy.
Chastity, life long monogamy, and a clean needle for each
injection are the only ways to prevents the spread of AIDS. These
measure will succeed only in persons not already infected.
Major causes & steps to prevent it
Reasons of spreading AIDS among world people
More than 90% of the infected persons are belong to
developing countries.
REASONS :-
(i) Low-level of socio-economic development.
(ii) Low health consciousness and facilities
(iii) A growing unmarried youth population due to delayed marriage
(iv) High rate of labour migration.
(v) Low level of literacy among high-risk groups.
(vi) High incidence of sexuality transmitted diseases and
reproductive tract infections among men and women.
Steps taken to prevent the spreading of AIDS :
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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(i) National AIDS programme of south East Asian countries are
beginning to yield encouraging results. The 100% condom use
programme in Thailand and the Sonagachi project in Calcutta, a
model peer education programme among sex workers, have helped
bring down AIDS infection and also reduced the incidence of STD.
(ii) Non-government organizations have brought Baptist interest
litigations against such cases of discrimination and the courts
have pronounced the rights of such peoples. This has helped
alleviate the misery of affected persons.
CONCLUSION
After studying the cause and effects of AIDS from different views,
we conclude that it is a pandemic disease. It is mainly spreading
sexually and person of the age group of 25-45 years are the most
affected group. There are some methods like Antiviral Therapy
and Immuno Stimulative therapy which bring some hope that even
then no specific treatment has been found so for and morality form
is virtually 100%. So only prevention in the test medicine care.
OBSERVATION
AIDS immersed as pandemic disease. It is nondurable. It is more
common in developing countries. Now every day 1000 peoples are
going to become HIV infected in world. This is mainly due to blood
transfusion & Sexual contact. In whole world about 3 crore 30 lakhs
people are HIV +ve & in India 3 lakh 70 thousands are HIV +ve.
The number of HIV +ve persons are higher in Tamilnadu Bombay,
Calcutta and Kerala and Manipur.
PROBLEMS FOR PATIENT
AIDS cause disease of Immune system of body. The HIV cause
damage to T & B cell. Thus this is becoming a threatening problem
of today and of future.
6/7/2014 Project Report/Essay - HIV AIDS
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HYPOTHESIS
AIDS is non curable due to its nature of pathogen. It also damage
immune system of the body. Therefore any medicine (Antiviral)
drugs are not effective against HIV virus. Ignorance and lack of
knowledge about this disease is the root cause of wide spread of this
disease.

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