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Monthly Energy Review

The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA) primary
report of recent and historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity,
nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data
unit conversions.
Release of the MER is in keeping with responsibilities given to EIA in Public Law 9591 (Department of Energy Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2):
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....
The MER is intended for use by Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, energy analysts,
and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the MER
and other EIA publications.
Related Monthly Publications: Other monthly EIA reports are Petroleum Supply
Monthly, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Natural Gas Monthly, and Electric Power Monthly. For
more information, contact EIAs Office of Communications via email at infoctr@eia.gov.
Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, annual data are usually displayed only in
5-year increments between 1950 and 2000 in the tables in Portable Document Format (PDF) files;
however, all annual data are shown in the Excel and comma-separated values (CSV) files. Also,
only two to three years of monthly data are displayed in the PDF files; however, for many series,
monthly data beginning with January 1973 are available in the Excel and CSV files.
Comprehensive Changes: Each month, most MER tables and figures carry a new month
of data, which is usually preliminary (and sometimes estimated or even forecast) and likely to be
revised in the succeeding month.
Annual Data From 1949: In 2013, EIA expanded the MER to incorporate annual data as
far back as 1949 in those data tables that were previously published in both the Annual Energy
Review (AER) and MER. Analysts may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with the
AER which offers annual data beginning in 1949 for many related supplemental data series that are
not found in the MER. The AER is available at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual.
Electronic Access
The MER is available on
EIAs website in a variety of formats at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Full report and sections: PDF files
Report tables: PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel and CSV files
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annual and monthly data, often at a greater level of precision than the PDF files.
Timing of Release: The MER is posted on the EIA website no later than the last work day of
the month at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Released: May 28, 2014
DOE/EIA-0035(2014/05)
Monthly Energy Review

May 2014
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the
U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or
employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of
the Department of Energy or other federal agencies.
Contacts
The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Statistics, Office
of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T.
Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy
Review may be addressed to Alexander Sun, 202-287-5948 (alexander.sun@eia.gov).
For assistance in acquiring data, please contact EIAs Office of Communications at 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov).
Questions about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the following subject
specialists:
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
3.
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick
202-586-6254
jennifer.barrick@eia.gov
Section
4.
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Robert Schmitt
202-586-8644
robert.schmitt@eia.gov
Section
6.
Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Paduano
202-287-6326
nicholas.paduano@eia.gov
Section
7.
Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey
202-586-2630
ronald.hankey@eia.gov
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michele Simmons
202-586-9787
michele.simmons@eia.gov
Section
9.
Energy Prices
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein
202-586-8013
maureen.klein@eia.gov
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong
202-586-7574
peter.wong@eia.gov
Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca Peterson
202-586-4509
rebecca.peterson@eia.gov
Section
10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michele Simmons
202-586-9787
michele.simmons@eia.gov
Section
11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith
Section
12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom
ii
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014
202-586-6925
patricia.smith@eia.gov
202-586-0934
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov
Contents
Page
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section
3.
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section
4.
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Section
6.
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Section
7.
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Section
9.
Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Section
10.
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Section
11.
International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Section
12.
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Appendix
A.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Appendix
B.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
iii
Tables
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Primary Energy Imports by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Energy Consumption by Sector

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3b Imports and Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Petroleum Consumption
3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.7b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption
3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.8b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
iv
23
25
27
29
31
33
Section 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Natural Gas
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Trade by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas in Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5.
5.1
5.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
69
70
71
72
Tables
Page
Section 6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
Coal
Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Coal Stocks by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Electricity Net Generation
7.2a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.2b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
7.3a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.3b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
7.4a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.4b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.4c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
Energy Prices
Crude Oil Price Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3
7.4
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
127
129
131
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
10.2
Renewable Energy Consumption
10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10.2c Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Tables
Page
vi
Section 11. International Petroleum

11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a OPEC Members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150
151
153
155
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159
161
162
163
164
165
166
Appendix A.
A1.
A2.
A3.
A4.
A5.
A6.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
172
173
174
175
176
Appendix B.
B1.
B2.
B3.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Figures
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Primary Energy Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Primary Energy Imports and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Primary Energy Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3b Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector, Monthly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8a
3.8b
22
24
26
28
30
32
36
38
40
42
46
48
50
52
56
57
Section 4.
4.1
Natural Gas
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Section 5.
5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Section 6.
6.1
Coal
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and
Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
7.5
7.6
vii
Figures
Page
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Energy Prices
Petroleum Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
126
128
130
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Sectionr 11. International Petroleum
11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b By Selected Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148
149
152
154
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
viii
Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Energy
Overview
Figure 1.1
Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Overview, 19492013
120
100
Consumption
80
Production
60
40
20
Imports
Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Overview, Monthly
12
10
Consumption
8
Production
6
4
Imports
2
Exports
0
J
F M A M
J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M
Overview, February 2014
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
Net Imports, JanuaryFebruary
8.486
3.0
2.815
2.5
2.223
6.416
6
1.908
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.814
0.5
0.916
0
0.0
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
2012
2013
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.1.
2014
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Fossil
Fuelsa
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energyb
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.044
55.938
56.436
57.587
56.670
58.207
60.563
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.947
6.069
6.229
6.599
6.528
7.219
7.655
8.128
9.170
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
September ...........
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 5.408
.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062
.772
.693
.792
.765
.806
.772
.743
.712
.644
.678
.683
.766
8.826
.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268
.795
.706
.770
.809
.857
.821
.813
.737
.695
.739
.758
.799
9.298
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4.977
R 5.213
R 4.924
5.140
4.996
R 5.276
R 5.347
5.119
R 5.379
R 5.266
R 5.278
62.323
5.331
R 4.883
5.327
5.185
5.399
R 5.206
5.524
R 5.571
R 5.345
R 5.473
R 5.393
R 5.473
R 64.110
Trade
Consumption
Total
Imports
Exports
Net
Importsc
Stock
Change
and
Otherd
35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.939
70.234
69.434
70.751
71.422
73.233
72.680
74.769
78.002
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.704
32.993
29.706
29.877
28.720
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.873
5.483
7.063
6.966
8.234
10.457
0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.220
25.931
22.740
21.643
18.263
-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
-1.065
-1.210
1.110
-.284
2.105
2.515
-1.953
1.193
.998
.817
.698
-.929
.675
.129
-.824
1.604
1.196
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.551
78.487
81.412
79.991
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.081
6.242
6.649
6.541
7.202
7.638
8.081
9.074
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461
6.939
6.339
2.361
2.142
2.296
2.211
2.392
2.371
2.354
2.361
2.199
2.176
2.119
2.093
27.075
.858
.830
.960
.987
.999
.985
.973
.940
.906
.944
.930
1.043
11.356
1.502
1.313
1.336
1.224
1.393
1.386
1.381
1.420
1.293
1.232
1.189
1.050
15.719
.277
.356
-.235
-.334
-.063
R .206
R .059
R -.326
R -.300
R .075
R .624
.074
7.198
6.648
6.281
5.904
6.187
6.305
6.843
6.803
6.073
6.293
6.517
6.943
77.994
.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062
.751
.681
.785
.761
.803
.772
.744
.718
.643
.683
.684
.763
8.786
8.718
8.008
7.723
7.263
7.655
7.773
8.330
8.269
7.406
7.614
7.808
8.436
95.004
2.163
1.800
2.017
2.044
2.122
2.029
2.164
2.151
2.058
2.017
1.913
2.061
24.541
.888
.851
1.024
.906
1.001
.957
1.027
1.021
.961
1.057
.990
1.119
11.802
1.275
.949
.993
1.139
1.122
1.072
1.137
1.131
1.098
.961
.923
.942
12.739
.850
.867
.655
-.187
-.417
R -.048
.065
R .009
R -.177
-.070
R .393
R 1.177
R 3.116
7.443
6.684
6.960
6.124
6.087
6.212
6.710
6.694
6.247
6.349
6.700
7.582
79.794
.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268
.794
.707
.771
.810
.857
.822
.810
.734
.698
.740
.752
.795
9.291
8.998
8.048
8.405
7.541
7.619
7.746
8.278
8.195
7.650
7.765
8.148
9.138
97.531
R 6.652
R 6.274
6.596
6.451
R 6.743
R 6.789
R 6.439
6.682
R 6.544
R 6.762
R 79.211
6.874
R 6.233
6.757
6.589
R 6.914
6.722
7.076
R 7.056
R 6.729
6.875
R 6.832
R 7.019
R 81.676
R -.265
Fossil
Fuelse
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energyb
Totalf
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
R 5.613
.766
.656
1.422
.819
.702
1.521
R 7.197
1.040
.916
1.956
1.010
.897
1.908
R 8.004
1.173
2.560
7.121
15.125
.766
.656
1.422
.812
.699
1.511
R 9.595
6.416
13.613
2.050
1.814
3.864
R 1.387
5.057
10.670
2013 2-Month Total .....

10.214
10.385
1.393
1.428
1.501
1.465
13.107
13.278
3.963
4.503
1.739
1.688
2.223
2.815
1.716
.633
14.127
13.846
1.393
1.428
1.500
1.432
17.046
16.726
a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
b See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and
see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage
withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for;
fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
f Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised.
8.486
18.080
Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

Energy Consumption," in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Production: Table 1.2. Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. Stock
Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.
Consumption: Table 1.3.
Figure 1.2
Primary Energy Production

(Quadrillion Btu)
By Source, 19492013
25
Coal
20
Natural Gas
15
Crude Oil and NGPLa
10
Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Source, Monthly
2.5
Natural Gas
2.0
Coal
1.5
Crude Oil and NGPLa
1.0
Renewable Energy
0.5
0.0
J
F M A M
J J
2012
S O N D
F M A M
Total, JanuaryFebruary
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
By Source, February 2014
15
13.278
13.107
13.613
1.943
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
and NGPLa
10
1.584
Coal
5
1.530
Renewable
Energy
0.702
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.656
0
2012
2013
2014
0.0
0.5
1.0
Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2.
1.5
2.0
2.5
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coalb
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oilc
NGPLd
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
14.989
18.598
19.325
22.488
22.130
22.735
23.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
23.851
21.624
22.038
22.221
6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
19.640
19.908
16.980
18.326
19.082
19.662
20.166
19.382
19.633
19.074
18.556
19.022
19.786
20.703
21.139
21.806
23.406
11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
17.729
18.249
18.992
15.571
13.887
12.358
12.282
12.160
11.960
11.550
10.969
10.771
10.748
10.613
11.333
11.581
11.966
0.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.374
2.254
2.241
2.175
2.442
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
2.419
2.574
2.781
2.970
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.044
55.938
56.436
57.587
56.670
58.207
60.563
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103
NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212
2012 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.935
1.747
1.745
1.575
1.662
1.665
1.757
1.848
1.664
1.732
1.714
1.632
20.677
2.098
1.924
2.064
1.992
2.067
1.987
2.107
2.097
2.041
2.113
2.048
2.098
24.635
R 1.103
R 1.049
R 1.131
R 1.094
R 5.408
1.138
1.086
1.147
R 1.132
1.142
R 1.247
R 1.225
R 1.272
R 13.765
.272
.256
.272
.263
.273
.258
.266
.271
.272
.286
.280
.276
3.246
62.323
.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062
.220
.193
.247
.250
.273
.254
.252
.219
.168
.157
.178
.219
2.629
2013 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.724
1.581
1.678
1.607
1.701
1.631
1.763
1.796
1.654
1.644
1.606
1.606
19.990
E 2.072
E 1.890
E 2.077
E 2.028
E 2.107
E 2.040
E 2.128
E 2.128
E 2.040
E 2.134
E 2.099
E 2.145
E 24.889
E 1.263
E 1.157
E 1.288
RE 1.274
E 1.306
RE 1.256
E 1.340
RE 1.342
RE 1.349
E 1.387
RE 1.383
RE 1.421
RE 15.765
.272
.255
.285
.275
.285
.278
.294
.306
.302
.309
.305
.301
3.465
5.331
R 4.883
5.327
5.185
5.399
R 5.206
5.524
R 5.571
R 5.345
R 5.473
R 5.393
R 5.473
R 64.110
.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268
2014 January ..............

February ............
2-Month Total ...
1.719
1.530
3.248
RE 2.151
E 1.943
E 4.094
RE 1.439
E 1.305
E 2.744
.304
.279
.583
R 5.613
5.057
10.670
2013 2-Month Total ...

3.305
3.683
E 3.962
E 2.420
4.021
2.153
.527
.529
10.214
10.385
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
4.977
R 5.213
R 4.924
5.140
4.996
R 5.276
R 5.347
5.119
R 5.379
R 5.266
R 5.278
a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also
includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1.
c Includes lease condensate.
d Natural gas plant liquids.
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.099
3.006
2.624
2.705
2.805
2.998
3.104
3.216
3.480
3.881
3.967
4.332
4.516
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.947
6.069
6.229
6.599
6.528
7.219
7.655
8.128
9.170
35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.939
70.234
69.434
70.751
71.422
73.233
72.680
74.769
78.002
.017
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.212
.017
.016
.018
.018
.020
.020
.021
.020
.020
.020
.019
.019
.227
.130
.105
.133
.121
.119
.114
.084
.081
.084
.120
.111
.138
1.340
.388
.363
.377
.358
.376
.367
.368
.375
.356
.363
.358
.372
4.419
.772
.693
.792
.765
.806
.772
.743
.712
.644
.678
.683
.766
8.826
.239
.195
.197
.236
.272
.260
.259
.207
.161
.165
.169
.203
2.561
.019
.017
.019
.018
.018
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.221
.022
.021
.025
.025
.026
.027
.027
.028
.027
.028
.025
.026
.307
.139
.132
.149
.165
.155
.131
.106
.091
.111
.131
.151
.134
1.595
.376
.340
.381
.366
.386
.385
.402
.392
.377
.397
.396
.417
4.614
.795
.706
.770
.809
.857
.821
.813
.737
.695
.739
.758
.799
9.298
.766
.656
1.422
.206
.166
.372
.019
.017
.036
.029
.027
.056
.171
.133
.304
.395
.359
.754
.819
.702
1.521
R 7.197
1.393
1.428
.434
.413
.036
.034
.043
.033
.272
.235
.715
.751
1.501
1.465
13.107
13.278
6.939
6.339
R 6.652
R 6.274
6.596
6.451
R 6.743
R 6.789
R 6.439
6.682
R 6.544
R 6.762
R 79.211
6.874
R 6.233
6.757
6.589
R 6.914
6.722
7.076
R 7.056
R 6.729
6.875
R 6.832
R 7.019
R 81.676
6.416
13.613
sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the

50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas (Dry): Tables 4.1 and
A4. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids: Tables 3.1 and A2.
Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6 ("Nuclear Plants" heat rate).
Renewable Energy: Table 10.1.
Figure 1.3
Primary Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
By Source,a 19492013
45
Petroleum
30
Natural Gas
Coal
15

Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Source,a Monthly
4
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
1
Renewable Energy
0
J
M A
J J
2012
O N D
M A
J J A
2013
O N D
M A
J J
2014
O N D
By Source,a February 2014
20
18.080
16.726
17.046
Natural Gas
2.820
15
2.696
Petroleum
10
Coal
1.599
Renewable
Energy
0.699
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.656
0
2012
2013
2014
Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown.
Source: Table 1.3.
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasb
Petroleumc
Totald
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
12.663
15.423
17.478
19.173
20.089
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
22.387
19.691
20.834
19.658
5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
19.948
20.235
17.703
19.603
22.671
23.824
22.773
23.510
22.831
22.923
22.565
22.239
23.663
23.843
23.416
24.575
24.955
13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
32.732
34.205
30.925
33.552
34.438
38.262
38.186
38.224
38.811
40.292
40.388
39.955
39.774
37.280
35.403
36.010
35.368
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.551
78.487
81.412
79.991
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103
NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1.487
1.334
1.229
1.109
1.326
1.494
1.785
1.713
1.451
1.399
1.468
1.534
17.329
2.818
2.557
2.174
1.995
1.913
1.907
2.111
2.046
1.843
1.941
2.214
2.562
26.083
2.891
2.757
2.874
2.794
2.947
2.904
2.947
3.044
2.780
2.956
2.837
2.847
34.577
7.198
6.648
6.281
5.904
6.187
6.305
6.843
6.803
6.073
6.293
6.517
6.943
77.994
.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062
.220
.193
.247
.250
.273
.254
.252
.219
.168
.157
.178
.219
2.629
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1.575
1.418
1.484
1.293
1.369
1.570
1.727
1.705
1.523
1.406
1.395
1.619
18.084
2.932
2.617
2.569
1.998
1.782
1.772
1.963
1.959
1.794
1.903
2.358
2.980
26.628
2.936
2.648
2.909
2.836
2.937
2.872
3.022
3.032
2.930
3.042
2.950
2.986
35.099
7.443
6.684
6.960
6.124
6.087
6.212
6.710
6.694
6.247
6.349
6.700
7.582
79.794
.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
1.746
1.599
3.345
R 3.291
2.968
2.696
5.664
R 8.004
2.820
6.111
7.121
15.125

2.993
2.821
5.550
5.375
5.584
5.648
14.127
13.846
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Wind
Biomass
Total
Totalf
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.101
3.008
2.622
2.701
2.807
3.010
3.117
3.267
3.492
3.865
3.950
4.285
4.420
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.081
6.242
6.649
6.541
7.202
7.638
8.081
9.074
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461
.017
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.212
.017
.016
.018
.018
.020
.020
.021
.020
.020
.020
.019
.019
.227
.130
.105
.133
.121
.119
.114
.084
.081
.084
.120
.111
.138
1.340
.367
.351
.370
.354
.373
.367
.369
.380
.355
.368
.358
.369
4.379
.751
.681
.785
.761
.803
.772
.744
.718
.643
.683
.684
.763
8.786
8.718
8.008
7.723
7.263
7.655
7.773
8.330
8.269
7.406
7.614
7.808
8.436
95.004
.239
.195
.197
.236
.272
.260
.259
.207
.161
.165
.169
.203
2.561
.019
.017
.019
.018
.018
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.221
.022
.021
.025
.025
.026
.027
.027
.028
.027
.028
.025
.026
.307
.139
.132
.149
.165
.155
.131
.106
.091
.111
.131
.151
.134
1.595
.375
.340
.382
.367
.386
.386
.399
.390
.380
.398
.390
.414
4.607
.794
.707
.771
.810
.857
.822
.810
.734
.698
.740
.752
.795
9.291
8.998
8.048
8.405
7.541
7.619
7.746
8.278
8.195
7.650
7.765
8.148
9.138
97.531
.766
.656
1.422
.206
.166
.372
.019
.017
.036
.029
.027
.056
.171
.133
.304
.388
.356
.743
.812
.699
1.511
R 9.595
1.393
1.428
.434
.413
.036
.034
.043
.033
.272
.235
.715
.718
1.500
1.432
17.046
16.726
a Most data are estimates.

See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.
c Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil
burned as fuel. Does not include biofuels that have been blended with
petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
d Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not
separately displayed. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
8.486
18.080
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes:
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4.
Petroleum: Table 3.6. Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6
("Nuclear Plants" heat rate). Renewable Energy: Table 10.1. Net Imports of
Coal Coke and Electricity: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports by Source, 19492013
35
Petroleum
30
25
20
15
10
Natural Gas
Othera
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Exports by Source, 19492013

8
7
Petroleum
6
5
4
3
2
Coalb
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Imports by Source, Monthly
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Exports by Major Source, Monthly

0.8
2.5
0.7
2.0
Petroleum
Petroleum
0.6
0.5
1.5
0.4
Coalb
1.0
0.3
0.2
0.5
Natural Gas
0.1
Natural Gas
Othera
0.0
a
b
Electricity
0.0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2 013
2014
Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.

Includes coal coke.
2012
2 013
2014

Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 19492013
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Major Source, 19492013

25
Crude Oila
20
15
10
5
Petroleum Productsb
Natural Gas
Coal
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Total, Monthly
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Major Source, Monthly
2.0
2.0
Crude Oila
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
Petroleum
Productsb
Natural Gas
0.0
0.0
Coal
-0.5
2012
2013
2014
a
Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.
b
Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline
2012
2013
2014
blending components. Does not include biofuels.

Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Productsb
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.024
.030
.049
.067
.237
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
.484
.327
0.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.045
.016
.014
.019
.095
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
.030
.035
0.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.978
1.006
.952
1.551
2.901
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
4.084
3.845
3.834
3.555
1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
8.721
11.195
6.814
12.766
15.669
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
21.448
19.699
20.140
19.595
0.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.227
3.463
3.796
4.351
3.211
4.749
5.051
4.754
5.159
6.114
7.157
7.084
6.868
6.237
5.383
5.231
5.010
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
12.948
14.658
10.609
17.117
18.881
24.531
25.398
24.674
26.219
28.197
29.248
29.169
28.781
27.685
25.082
25.371
24.605
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.018
.012
.016
.014
.023
.017
.021
.015
.020
.020
.018
.017
.212
.003
.002
.004
.007
.004
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.002
.028
.288
.277
.272
.249
.265
.266
.288
.288
.264
.260
.240
.258
3.216
1.630
1.531
1.676
1.597
1.718
1.700
1.665
1.656
1.550
1.549
1.513
1.453
19.239
.407
.308
.312
.325
.361
.365
.351
.372
.339
.324
.323
.343
4.132
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.015
.009
.009
.016
.020
.028
.020
.017
.019
.017
.020
.018
.208
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.003
.285
.243
.254
.226
.240
.243
.242
.242
.250
.226
.224
.280
2.955
1.490
1.230
1.398
1.401
1.449
1.401
1.512
1.517
1.434
1.400
1.339
1.454
17.025
2014 January ..................

February ................
2-Month Total .......
(s)
F .022
F .008
E .047
E .008
.303
.253
.556
2013 2-Month Total .......

2012 2-Month Total .......
.024
.031
.001
.005
.528
.565
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
.025
Electricity
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.012
.066
.055
.085
.027
.004
.019
0.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.038
.085
.157
.063
.146
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.150
.146
.175
.195
.178
.154
.178
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.704
32.993
29.706
29.877
28.720
2.037
1.839
1.988
1.923
2.080
2.065
2.016
2.028
1.889
1.874
1.837
1.796
23.371
(s)
(s)
.002
.001
.002
.004
.004
.007
.007
.007
.007
.005
.045
.014
.012
.014
.017
.019
.018
.023
.022
.017
.015
.016
.015
.202
2.361
2.142
2.296
2.211
2.392
2.371
2.354
2.361
2.199
2.176
2.119
2.093
27.075
.352
.300
.332
.383
.390
.331
.361
.347
.331
.351
.305
.284
4.066
1.842
1.530
1.730
1.784
1.839
1.732
1.873
1.864
1.765
1.751
1.644
1.737
21.091
.004
.001
.006
.003
.004
.006
.006
.006
.006
.007
.008
.009
.065
.017
.016
.018
.016
.019
.020
.022
.022
.018
.017
.018
.017
.217
2.163
1.800
2.017
2.044
2.122
2.029
2.164
2.151
2.058
2.017
1.913
2.061
24.541
1.421
1.218
2.639
.283
.298
.582
1.704
1.516
3.220
.001
.001
.002
.017
.014
.031
2.050
1.814
3.864
2.720
3.160
.652
.715
3.371
3.875
.005
.001
.033
.027
3.963
4.503
a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve, which began in 1977.
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.
c Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. F=Forecast. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
10
Biofuelsc
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: 19491975U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook. 19761980U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-5/5A, "Coke and Coal
ChemicalsMonthly/Annual."
1981 forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report,
quarterly reports and Table A5. Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4. Crude Oil
and Petroleum Products: Tables 3.3b, 10.3, 10.4, and A2. Biofuels: Tables
10.3, 10.4 and A3. Electricity: Tables 7.1 and A6.
Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports
(Quadrillion Btu)
Net
Importsa
Exports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oilb
Petroleum
Productsc
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.761
2.421
2.438
2.772
2.318
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
2.101
2.751
0.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.032
.051
.028
.014
.034
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
.036
.024
0.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.074
.049
.056
.087
.156
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
.972
1.082
1.147
1.519
0.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.012
.609
.432
.230
.200
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
.088
.100
0.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.427
.551
1.225
1.594
1.791
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
2.151
2.374
2.699
2.949
3.739
4.147
4.750
5.904
0.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.439
1.160
1.657
1.824
1.991
2.154
2.039
2.042
2.151
2.208
2.442
2.751
3.007
3.800
4.240
4.838
6.004
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.224
.208
.271
.308
.301
.313
.285
.260
.229
.231
.209
.247
3.087
.001
.002
.002
.001
.003
.001
.001
.001
.003
.004
.004
.002
.024
.132
.131
.142
.124
.134
.126
.119
.141
.139
.141
.144
.160
1.633
.014
.012
.013
.007
.015
.008
.014
.011
.012
.012
.013
.013
.143
.477
.467
.520
.535
.536
.526
.542
.519
.514
.547
.555
.613
6.350
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.236
.212
.336
.240
.258
.226
.225
.248
.231
.242
.209
.232
2.895
.001
.001
.003
.002
(s)
.003
.002
.002
.001
.001
.003
.002
.021
.156
.134
.150
.127
.143
.135
.130
.131
.124
.123
.115
.118
1.587
.013
.020
.018
.023
.022
.021
.018
.012
.017
.020
.035
.034
.254
2014 January ..................

February ................
.210
.216
.426
.001
.002
.002
.136
.134
.270
2013 2-Month Total .......

2012 2-Month Total .......
.448
.432
.001
.003
.290
.263
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Biofuelsd
Electricity
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.005
.036
.089
.035
.047
.108
0.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.017
.014
.017
.055
.012
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.065
.083
.069
.083
.062
.065
.051
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.873
5.483
7.063
6.966
8.234
10.457
0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.220
25.931
22.740
21.643
18.263
.491
.479
.533
.542
.551
.534
.556
.530
.526
.559
.567
.625
6.493
.008
.007
.008
.007
.007
.007
.008
.006
.006
.006
.004
.005
.078
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.041
.858
.830
.960
.987
.999
.985
.973
.940
.906
.944
.930
1.043
11.356
1.502
1.313
1.336
1.224
1.393
1.386
1.381
1.420
1.293
1.232
1.189
1.050
15.719
.474
.477
.509
.505
.567
.563
.645
.616
.579
.659
.616
.721
6.932
.487
.498
.527
.528
.590
.584
.662
.628
.596
.679
.651
.755
7.186
.005
.004
.006
.005
.006
.006
.005
.008
.007
.007
.008
.007
.075
.003
.003
.003
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.039
.888
.851
1.024
.906
1.001
.957
1.027
1.021
.961
1.057
.990
1.119
11.802
1.275
.949
.993
1.139
1.122
1.072
1.137
1.131
1.098
.961
.923
.942
12.739
.044
.039
.083
.637
.514
1.152
.682
.553
1.235
.008
.006
.014
.004
.004
.009
1.040
.916
1.956
1.010
.897
1.908
.033
.026
.952
.943
.985
.970
.009
.015
.006
.006
1.739
1.688
2.223
2.815
a Net imports equal imports minus exports.

b Crude oil and lease condensate.
c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.

d Through 2010, data are for biodiesel only. Beginning in 2011, data are for fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of

beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: 19491975U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook.
19761980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-5/5A, "Coke
and Coal ChemicalsMonthly/Annual." 1981 forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal
Report, quarterly reports and Table A5. Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:

Tables 3.3b, 10.4, and A2.
Biofuels: Tables 10.3, 10.4 and A3. Electricity: Tables 7.1 and A6.
11
Figure 1.5
Merchandise Trade Value

(Billion Dollarsa)
Imports and Exports, 19742013
Imports and Exports, Monthly
2,500
250
2,000
200
Total Imports
Total Imports
1,500
150
1,000
100
Total Exports
Total Exports
500
50
Energy
Exports
Energy Imports
Energy Exports
Energy Imports
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Trade Balance, 19742013
2012
2013
2014
Trade Balance, Monthly

0
100
Energy
0
-100
-25
NonEnergy
Energy
-200
Non-Energy
-300
-50
-400
-500
-600
-75
Total
-700
-800
Total
-100
-900
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND
2012
2013
2014
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. S ee Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.5.
12
Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

(Million Dollarsa)
Petroleumb
Exports
Imports
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
792
907
2,833
4,707
6,901
6,321
10,192
8,868
8,569
10,209
13,130
19,155
28,171
33,293
61,695
44,509
64,753
105,844
24,668
25,197
78,637
50,475
61,583
54,368
119,251
102,747
102,663
132,433
179,266
250,068
299,714
327,620
449,847
251,833
333,472
436,145
2012 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
8,706
8,690
9,925
10,094
9,546
9,173
9,135
9,129
9,766
10,038
10,289
11,359
115,848
2013 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
Energyc
Imports
-23,876
-24,289
-75,803
-45,768
-54,682
-48,047
-109,059
-93,879
-94,094
-122,224
-166,136
-230,913
-271,543
-294,327
-388,152
-207,324
-268,719
-330,301
3,444
4,470
7,982
9,971
12,233
10,358
13,179
12,494
11,541
13,768
18,642
26,488
34,711
41,725
76,075
54,536
80,625
128,873
25,454
26,476
82,924
53,917
64,661
59,109
135,367
121,923
115,748
153,298
206,660
289,723
332,500
364,987
491,885
271,739
354,982
453,872
-22,010
-22,006
-74,942
-43,946
-52,428
-48,751
-122,188
-109,429
-104,207
-139,530
-188,018
-263,235
-297,789
-323,262
-415,810
-217,203
-274,357
-324,999
18,126
31,557
55,246
-73,765
-50,068
-110,050
-313,916
-302,470
-364,056
-392,820
-462,912
-504,242
-519,515
-485,501
-400,389
-286,379
-361,005
-402,766
99,437
108,856
225,566
218,815
393,592
584,742
781,918
729,100
693,103
724,771
818,775
905,978
1,036,635
1,148,199
1,287,442
1,056,043
1,278,495
1,480,290
103,321
99,305
245,262
336,526
496,088
743,543
1,218,022
1,140,999
1,161,366
1,257,121
1,469,704
1,673,455
1,853,938
1,956,962
2,103,641
1,559,625
1,913,857
2,208,055
-3,884
9,551
-19,696
-117,712
-102,496
-158,801
-436,104
-411,899
-468,263
-532,350
-650,930
-767,477
-817,304
-808,763
-816,199
-503,582
-635,362
-727,765
36,947
31,043
37,963
38,079
37,668
34,897
33,742
34,636
32,410
34,108
31,380
28,535
411,409
-28,241
-22,353
-28,038
-27,985
-28,122
-25,724
-24,607
-25,507
-22,644
-24,070
-21,091
-17,176
-295,561
10,583
10,203
11,766
12,004
11,304
11,019
10,876
10,793
11,283
11,567
11,627
12,998
136,023
38,146
32,092
38,832
38,861
38,603
35,777
34,797
35,672
33,313
35,159
32,611
29,729
423,591
-27,563
-21,889
-27,066
-26,857
-27,299
-24,758
-23,921
-24,879
-22,030
-23,592
-20,984
-16,731
-287,568
-38,120
-26,368
-30,011
-35,155
-39,729
-34,546
-47,375
-41,303
-35,259
-41,423
-43,264
-29,488
-442,043
117,839
123,609
140,233
127,405
131,342
132,547
121,412
128,587
128,198
133,600
130,182
130,756
1,545,709
183,522
171,866
197,310
189,417
198,370
191,851
192,707
194,769
185,488
198,614
194,431
176,975
2,275,320
-65,683
-48,257
-57,077
-62,012
-67,028
-59,304
-71,296
-66,182
-57,289
-65,015
-64,248
-46,219
-729,611
b 8,881
b 32,361
b -23,480
8,915
8,899
8,705
9,621
9,841
11,132
10,761
10,511
11,332
11,542
12,699
122,839
26,622
29,308
31,072
32,523
29,659
33,468
31,993
30,758
31,623
26,210
27,196
362,792
-17,707
-20,409
-22,367
-22,902
-19,818
-22,336
-21,232
-20,247
-20,291
-14,668
-14,497
-239,953
10,825
10,634
11,224
10,737
11,720
11,772
13,153
12,737
12,493
13,407
13,605
14,780
147,087
33,967
28,106
30,844
32,544
33,856
31,036
34,894
33,250
32,032
32,940
27,431
28,730
379,630
-23,142
-17,472
-19,620
-21,807
-22,136
-19,264
-21,741
-20,513
-19,539
-19,533
-13,826
-13,950
-232,543
-38,655
-29,099
-25,653
-39,116
-41,350
-30,691
-48,177
-40,537
-43,690
-43,640
-37,970
-37,330
-455,907
123,390
123,606
136,414
129,728
133,003
134,819
127,610
132,326
128,667
141,841
136,640
130,929
1,578,972
185,187
170,177
181,687
190,651
196,488
184,774
197,528
193,376
191,895
205,014
188,435
182,209
2,267,421
-61,797
-46,571
-45,273
-60,923
-63,486
-49,955
-69,918
-61,050
-63,229
-63,173
-51,796
-51,280
-688,450
2014 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
3-Month Total
11,565
8,967
10,411
30,943
29,460
25,663
29,001
84,125
-17,895
-16,696
-18,590
-53,181
13,806
11,303
13,229
38,338
31,377
27,879
30,959
90,215
-17,571
-16,576
-17,730
-51,877
2013 3-Month Total

2012 3-Month Total
26,694
27,321
88,291
105,953
-61,596
-78,632
32,684
32,552
92,917
109,070
-60,234
-76,518
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Through 2012, data are for crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied
propane and butane, and other mineral fuels. Beginning in 2013, data are for
petroleum products and preparations.
c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity.
R=Revised.
Notes: Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. See Note,
"Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Balance
Total Merchandise
Exports
1974 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Balance
NonEnergy
Balance
Exports
Imports
Balance
-39,622
127,508
184,701
-57,193
R -29,361
R 123,728
R 169,665
R -45,937
-32,831
-101,814
141,961
393,197
192,521
546,888
-50,561
-153,691
-93,407
-94,499
383,410
381,681
537,051
552,699
-153,641
-171,018
components due to independent rounding. The U.S. import statistics reflect both
government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign countries into
the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 states, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1974.
Sources: See end of section.
13
Figure 1.6
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars
Costs, 19602013
30
Dollars per Million Btu
25
Residential Electricitya
20
15
Residential Heating Oilb
10
Motor Gasolinea
5
Residential Natural Gasa
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
2000
2005
18
Dollars per Kilowatthour
14.83
15
11.73
12
9
6
4.06
2012
0
Motor
Gasolinea
Residential
Natural
Gasa
Motor Gasoline,a Monthly
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
2012
2013
2014
0.00
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
10
1.50
Dollars per Gallon
2014
Residential Natural Gas,a Monthly
1.75
2
2012
2013
2014
0
J
Includes taxes.
b
Excludes taxes.
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.
14
2013
0
Residential
Electricitya
2010
Residential Electricity,a Monthly
Costs, February 2014
Dollars per Million Btu
1995

Source: Table 1.6.
Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars

Consumer Price Index,
All Urban Consumersa
Motor Gasolineb
Residential
Heating Oilc
Residential
Natural Gasb
Residential
Electricityb
Index
19821984=100
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Thousand
Cubic Feet
Dollars per
Million Btu
Cents per
Kilowatthour
Dollars per
Million Btu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
29.6
31.5
38.8
53.8
82.4
107.6
130.7
152.4
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
188.9
195.3
201.6
207.342
215.303
214.537
218.056
224.939
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.482
1.112
0.931
0.791
0.908
0.864
0.801
0.890
1.018
1.197
1.307
1.374
1.541
1.119
1.301
1.590
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.85
8.89
7.44
6.37
7.32
6.97
6.46
7.18
8.20
9.64
10.52
11.06
12.40
9.01
10.47
12.80
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.182
0.979
0.813
0.569
0.761
0.706
0.628
0.736
0.819
1.051
1.173
1.250
1.495
1.112
1.283
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.52
7.06
5.86
4.10
5.49
5.09
4.52
5.31
5.91
7.58
8.46
9.01
10.78
8.02
9.25
NA
NA
NA
2.81
3.18
4.47
5.69
4.44
3.98
4.51
5.44
4.39
5.23
5.69
6.50
6.81
6.31
6.45
5.66
5.22
4.90
NA
NA
2.72
3.12
4.36
5.52
4.31
3.87
4.39
5.28
4.28
5.09
5.55
6.33
6.63
6.14
6.28
5.52
5.11
4.80
8.8
7.6
5.7
6.5
6.6
6.87
5.99
5.51
4.79
4.84
4.69
4.74
4.74
4.84
5.16
5.14
5.23
5.37
5.29
5.21
25.74
22.33
16.62
19.07
19.21
20.13
17.56
16.15
14.02
14.20
13.75
13.89
13.89
14.18
15.12
15.05
15.33
15.72
15.51
15.27
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
226.665
227.663
229.392
230.085
229.815
229.478
229.104
230.379
231.407
231.317
230.221
229.601
229.594
1.521
1.591
1.708
1.728
1.670
1.570
1.529
1.632
1.689
1.660
1.539
1.475
1.609
12.24
12.80
13.75
13.91
13.44
12.63
12.30
13.13
13.59
13.36
12.38
11.87
12.95
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.27
4.18
4.56
4.79
5.51
6.21
6.64
6.90
6.40
5.09
4.37
4.25
4.67
4.16
4.08
4.44
4.67
5.37
6.06
6.47
6.73
6.24
4.97
4.26
4.14
4.55
5.03
5.06
5.10
5.18
5.18
5.27
5.24
5.28
5.32
5.20
5.10
5.06
5.17
14.75
14.82
14.95
15.18
15.18
15.44
15.35
15.48
15.58
15.24
14.96
14.83
15.17
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
230.280
232.166
232.773
232.531
232.945
233.504
233.596
233.877
234.149
233.546
233.069
233.049
232.957
1.480
1.614
1.629
1.568
1.581
1.582
1.578
1.564
1.544
1.470
1.420
1.430
1.538
11.91
12.99
13.11
12.62
12.72
12.73
12.70
12.59
12.43
11.83
11.43
11.51
12.38
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.98
3.98
4.01
4.48
5.41
6.41
6.98
7.03
6.70
5.34
4.33
3.93
4.43
3.88
3.88
3.91
4.37
5.28
6.25
6.81
6.86
6.54
5.21
4.23
3.83
4.33
4.98
5.01
4.98
5.13
5.33
5.37
5.40
5.35
5.33
5.27
5.19
5.03
5.20
14.60
14.68
14.61
15.04
15.63
15.74
15.82
15.68
15.63
15.45
15.20
14.74
15.25
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
233.916
234.781
236.293
237.072
1.444
1.458
1.519
1.568
11.62
11.73
12.23
12.62
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 3.96
R 4.16
R 3.86
R 4.06
4.98
14.60
R 5.06
R 14.83
NA
NA
NA
NA
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted.
b Includes taxes.
c Excludes taxes.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.

Notes: See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. Fuel costs are calculated by using
the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
NA
NA
NA
NA

beginning in 1995.
Sources: Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Grades), 9.8, and 9.10, adjusted by the
CPI; and Monthy Energy Review, September 2012, Table 9.8c. Consumer Price
Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, series ID CUUR0000SA0. Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4,
and A6.
15
Figure 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 19492013
(Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar)
20
15
Total
10
Petroleum and Natural Gas
5
Other Energya
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.

Source: Table 1.7.
Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product
Energy Consumption
Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Other
Energya
Total
Billion Chained
(2009) Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
1950 ............................
1955 ............................
1960 ............................
1965 ............................
1970 ............................
1975 ............................
1980 ............................
1985 ............................
1990 ............................
1995 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
2013 ............................
19.284
26.253
32.305
39.014
51.315
52.680
54.440
48.628
53.155
57.110
62.086
60.958
61.734
61.642
63.215
62.953
62.194
63.437
61.123
58.819
60.584
60.322
60.661
61.727
15.332
13.955
12.782
15.001
16.523
19.284
23.627
27.764
31.330
33.920
36.729
35.210
35.911
36.301
36.946
37.328
37.435
37.881
38.169
35.777
37.432
37.139
34.343
35.804
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461
95.004
97.531
a Coal, coal coke net imports, nuclear electric power, renewable energy, and
electricity net imports.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Consumption" and "Real Dollars" in Glossary.
16
Gross
Domestic
Product
(GDP)
2,181.9
2,736.4
3,105.8
3,972.9
4,717.7
5,379.5
6,443.4
7,585.7
8,945.4
10,163.7
12,565.2
12,684.4
12,909.7
13,270.0
13,774.0
14,235.6
14,615.2
14,876.8
14,833.6
14,417.9
14,779.4
15,052.4
15,470.7
15,761.3
Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP

Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Other
Energya
Total
Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar

8.84
9.59
10.40
9.82
10.88
9.79
8.45
6.41
5.94
5.62
4.94
4.81
4.78
4.65
4.59
4.42
4.26
4.26
4.12
4.08
4.10
4.01
3.92
3.92
7.03
5.10
4.12
3.78
3.50
3.58
3.67
3.66
3.50
3.34
2.92
2.78
2.78
2.74
2.68
2.62
2.56
2.55
2.57
2.48
2.53
2.47
2.22
2.27
15.86
14.69
14.52
13.60
14.38
13.38
12.12
10.07
9.44
8.96
7.86
7.58
7.56
7.38
7.27
7.04
6.82
6.81
6.69
6.56
6.63
6.47
6.14
6.19

and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Gross Domestic Product:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and
Product Accounts (April 30, 2014), Table 1.1.6.
Figure 1.8
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 19492012

(Miles per Gallon)
25
Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbasea
20
15
Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbaseb
10
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Source: Table 1.8.
Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Short Wheelbasea
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
1950 ..........
1955 ..........
1960 ..........
1965 ..........
1970 ..........
1975 ..........
1980 ..........
1985 ..........
1990 ..........
1995 ..........
2000 ..........
2001 ..........
2002 ..........
2003 ..........
2004 ..........
2005 ..........
2006 ..........
2007 ..........
2008 ..........
2009 ..........
2010 ..........
2011 ..........
2012P .......
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
9,309
8,813
9,419
10,504
11,203
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
a 10,710
10,290
10,391
10,650
11,150
11,265
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
603
645
668
661
737
665
551
538
520
530
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
a 468
435
442
456
481
483
Miles per
Gallon
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
14.0
16.0
17.5
20.2
21.1
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
a 22.9
23.7
23.5
23.3
23.2
23.3
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Long Wheelbaseb
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
8,676
9,829
10,437
10,506
11,902
12,018
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
b 14,970
15,256
15,252
15,474
12,007
11,882
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
866
934
854
735
738
694
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
b 877
880
882
901
702
694
Miles per
Gallon
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
10.0
10.5
12.2
14.3
16.1
17.3
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
b 17.1
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.1
a Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles. For 19902006,
data are for passenger cars only. Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty
vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a
wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches.
b For 19662006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks,
vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase greater than 121 inches.
c For 19491965, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires,
combination trucks, and other vehicles with 2 axles and 4 tires that are not
passenger cars. For 19652006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6
or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit
trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires (or a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding
10,000 pounds), and combination trucks.
Mileage
All Motor Vehiclesd
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles per
Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
15,167
18,736
20,597
23,603
26,514
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
c 28,290
28,573
26,274
26,604
26,054
25,172
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,722
3,447
3,570
3,953
4,315
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
c 4,398
4,387
4,037
4,180
4,128
3,960
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
9,627
9,458
10,020
11,107
11,793
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
11,915
11,631
11,631
11,866
11,652
11,705
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles per
Gallon
725
761
784
787
830
790
712
685
677
700
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
661
681
665
664
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
13.3
14.6
16.4
16.8
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.4
17.5
17.6
d Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.

e Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
P=Preliminary.
Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase: 19901994U.S.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National
Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13.
All Other Data:

19491994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics
Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics,
annual reports, Table VM-1.
17
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
July through April
April
Percent Change
Normala
Census Divisions
2013
2014
Percent Change
Normal
to 2014
2013
to 2014
Normala
2013
2014
Normal
to 2014
2013
to 2014
New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............
583
576
596
6,264
5,889
6,628
13
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................
496
472
495
(s)
5,655
5,359
6,048
13
East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................
510
540
497
-3
-8
6,209
6,125
6,987
13
14
West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................
472
629
526
11
-16
6,493
6,549
7,186
11
10
South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................
179
180
171
-4
-5
2,785
2,708
2,892
East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............
216
236
185
-14
-22
3,521
3,471
3,844
11
West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................
94
163
117
NM
NM
2,269
2,094
2,620
15
25
Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................
426
439
370
-13
-16
4,894
4,646
4,433
-9
-5
Pacificb
California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................
298
243
231
-22
-5
2,970
2,768
2,433
-18
-12
U.S. Averageb ................................
345
358
332
-4
-7
4,326
4,171
4,539
a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
(s)=Less than 0.5 percent and greater than -0.5 percent. NM=Not
meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is incalculable).
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Heating
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
falls below 65 F. Cooling degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature rises above 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40
F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling
degree-days). If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree
days).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
18
for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary

for historical data.
Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The state figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident state population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-1
(heating degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
January through April
April
Percent Change
Census Divisions
Normala
2013
2014
Normal
to 2014
2013
to 2014
Percent Change
Normala
2013
2014
Normal
to 2014
2013
to 2014
New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............
NM
NM
NM
NM
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................
NM
NM
NM
NM
East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................
NM
NM
NM
NM
West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................
NM
NM
NM
NM
South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................
70
100
89
NM
NM
183
196
182
-1
-7
East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............
26
38
23
NM
NM
56
42
24
NM
NM
West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................
94
98
114
NM
NM
175
164
158
-10
-4
Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................
35
35
33
NM
NM
49
50
47
NM
NM
California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................
14
NM
NM
21
NM
NM
U.S. Averageb ................................
30
35
34
NM
NM
65
62
57
NM
NM
Pacificb
a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
NM=Not meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is

incalculable).
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Cooling
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
rises above 65 F. Heating degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature falls below 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating
degree-days). A weather station recording an average daily temperature of
40 F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degreedays).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary

for historical data.
Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The state figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident state population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-2
(cooling degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
19
Energy Overview
Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented
are based on the customs values. Those values do not
include insurance and freight and are consequently lower
than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are
also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data,
and imports data through 1980, are on a free alongside ship
(f.a.s.) basis.
Balance is exports minus imports; a positive balance
indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance
indicates a deficit trade value. Energy includes mineral
fuels, lubricants, and related material. Non-Energy Balance
and Total Merchandise include foreign exports (i.e.,
re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of
Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The Non-Energy Balance
is calculated by subtracting the Energy from the Total
Merchandise Balance.
Imports consist of government and nongovernment
shipments of merchandise into the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival
from foreign countries of merchandise that immediately
entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign
Trade Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They
exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico,
and U.S. possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and
diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods
returned to the United States by its Armed Forces, and
in-transit shipments.
Table 1.5 Sources

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Foreign Trade Division:
Petroleum Exports
19741987: U.S. Exports, FT-410, December issues.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
19901992: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.
19932009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2012 Annual Revisions.
2013 and 2014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, FT-900, monthly.
20
Petroleum Imports
19741987: U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT-900, December
issues, 19751988.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
Annual Revisions.
Energy Exports and Imports
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and
database printouts for adjustments.
1988: JanuaryJuly, monthly FT-900 supplement, 1989 issues.
AugustDecember, monthly FT-900, 1989 issues.
1989: Monthly FT-900, 1990 issues.
Annual Revisions.
Petroleum, Energy, and Non-Energy Balances
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Total Merchandise
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database
printouts for adjustments.
1988: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final
Revisions, August 18, 1989.
1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989
Revisions, July 10, 1990.
1990: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report, May
10, 1991, and U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,
February 18, 1993, page 3.
1991: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report, May
12, 1993.
Annual Revisions.
2. Energy Consumption
by Sector
Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492013
40
Industrial
30
Transportation
Residential
20
Commercial
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

4
Transportation
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
0
J
M A
J J
2012
O N D
M A
J J
2013
S O N D
M A
J J
2014
O N D
By Sector, February 2014

4
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
3.078
3
2.516
2.319
2.035
2.042
1.787
1.606
1.020
0.564
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.1.
22
Electric
Power
Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Residential
Commerciala
Industrialb
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Balancing
Itemg
Primary
Totalh
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,238
6,993
6,909
6,168
6,608
6,916
6,666
6,594
6,500
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,125
21,092
21,626
20,688
21,542
21,695
21,111
21,853
21,411
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,298
4,232
4,051
3,747
3,922
4,098
4,052
4,016
4,055
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,346
17,659
17,857
17,710
18,256
18,405
17,890
18,056
17,973
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,536
22,412
21,411
21,536
21,379
20,553
18,776
20,296
20,444
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,555
33,519
32,446
32,401
32,404
31,362
28,488
30,543
30,833
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,845
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,747
27,025
27,477
27,155
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,919
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,116
27,829
27,108
27,558
27,236
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
d 30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,712
39,638
39,428
40,380
39,978
38,076
39,627
39,301
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
-1
-4
-9
3
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
-1
1
(s)
7
8
34,616
40,208
45,086
54,015
67,838
71,965
78,067
76,392
84,485
91,029
98,814
96,168
97,645
97,943
100,161
100,282
99,629
101,317
99,292
94,596
98,016
97,461
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
974
820
548
402
288
243
229
236
238
365
619
822
5,783
2,273
1,913
1,560
1,297
1,360
1,531
1,862
1,749
1,419
1,343
1,630
2,041
19,971
544
470
335
268
208
189
182
198
198
271
375
467
3,705
1,630
1,483
1,379
1,293
1,386
1,426
1,540
1,509
1,356
1,389
1,433
1,578
17,403
1,845
1,732
1,724
1,646
1,694
1,655
1,672
1,724
1,640
1,778
1,768
1,813
20,690
2,662
2,525
2,552
2,469
2,594
2,531
2,593
2,625
2,455
2,618
2,589
2,649
30,865
2,147
2,083
2,231
2,203
2,311
2,276
2,322
2,375
2,168
2,259
2,150
2,162
26,688
2,153
2,090
2,237
2,209
2,317
2,283
2,329
2,382
2,174
2,265
2,156
2,169
26,763
3,209
2,905
2,888
2,749
3,156
3,408
3,919
3,731
3,160
2,941
2,896
3,173
38,136
-1
-2
-5
-4
-2
3
7
4
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
8,718
8,008
7,723
7,263
7,655
7,773
8,330
8,269
7,406
7,614
7,808
8,436
95,004
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,069
927
839
512
322
246
236
235
245
356
665
1,023
6,675
2,433
2,067
2,000
1,488
1,331
1,497
1,741
1,665
1,458
1,360
1,703
2,388
21,131
568
511
471
308
218
179
181
185
191
256
404
545
4,018
1,683
1,528
1,549
1,346
1,374
1,431
1,522
1,508
1,383
1,398
1,502
1,702
17,927
1,908
1,717
1,785
1,709
1,737
1,694
1,764
1,750
1,760
R 1,858
1,903
1,955
21,540
2,719
2,469
2,596
2,504
2,609
2,560
2,642
2,630
2,564
2,677
2,726
2,765
31,461
2,156
1,978
2,254
2,200
2,300
2,250
2,361
2,383
2,238
2,327
2,213
2,274
26,934
2,163
1,985
2,261
2,206
2,306
2,257
2,368
2,390
2,244
2,333
2,219
2,281
27,012
3,297
2,915
3,057
2,815
3,044
3,375
3,731
3,639
3,215
2,972
2,964
3,340
38,365
(s)
-1
-1
-3
-3
2
5
3
(s)
-2
-2
2
(s)
8,998
8,048
8,405
7,541
7,619
7,746
8,278
8,195
7,650
7,765
8,148
9,138
97,531
2014 January ..................

February ................
R 1,220
R 2,759
R 650
R 1,851
R 1,994
R 2,810
2,319
5,078
564
1,214
1,606
3,457
1,787
3,782
2,516
5,326
2,162
2,035
4,198
2,170
2,042
4,212
3,564
3,078
6,642
4
2
6
R 9,595
1,020
2,239
2013 2-Month Total .......

2012 2-Month Total .......
1,996
1,794
4,500
4,186
1,079
1,014
3,211
3,113
3,625
3,577
5,188
5,187
4,134
4,230
4,148
4,243
6,213
6,114
(s)
-3
17,046
16,726
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public.
d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy
consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note
1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.
g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use
8,486
18,080
sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However,
total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due
to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas.
h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for the electric power sector. See Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.22.6.
23
Figure 2.2
Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

6
Natural Gas
5
4
Electricitya
3
2
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
Coal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1.2
Natural Gas
0.9
Renewable
Energy
0.6
Electricitya
0.3
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M
J J
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D
By Major Source, February 2014
6
5.078
Natural Gas
0.879
4.500
4.186
4
Electricitya
0.445
3
2
1
Petroleum
0.074
Renewable
Energy
0.067
0
2012
2013
2014
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
a
Electricity retail sales.
Source: Table 2.2.
24
Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesd
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossese
Total
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,238
6,993
6,909
6,168
6,608
6,916
6,666
6,594
6,500
246
438
687
993
1,591
2,007
2,448
2,709
3,153
3,557
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,708
4,656
4,933
4,855
913
1,232
1,701
2,367
3,852
4,817
5,866
6,184
7,235
8,026
9,197
9,074
9,562
9,534
9,691
10,079
9,909
10,183
10,070
9,789
10,326
10,057
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,125
21,092
21,626
20,688
21,542
21,695
21,111
21,853
21,411
16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
15
16
15
16
186
36
33
36
34
36
34
36
36
34
36
34
36
420
55
51
55
53
55
53
55
55
53
55
53
55
646
974
820
548
402
288
243
229
236
238
365
619
822
5,783
430
368
339
301
344
419
527
505
405
330
331
390
4,690
870
725
672
594
728
869
1,106
1,008
775
648
680
829
9,498
2,273
1,913
1,560
1,297
1,360
1,531
1,862
1,749
1,419
1,343
1,630
2,041
19,971
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839
1,069
927
839
512
322
246
236
235
245
356
665
1,023
6,675
448
385
381
325
324
402
489
470
413
337
334
438
4,746
916
755
780
650
685
850
1,016
960
800
668
704
927
9,710
2,433
2,067
2,000
1,488
1,331
1,497
1,741
1,665
1,458
1,360
1,703
2,388
21,131
3
3
6
21
19
41
49
44
94
74
67
141
R 1,220
1,020
2,239
500
445
945
1,040
854
1,894
R 2,759
953
2,098
1,860
1,688
6
6
35
31
94
69
136
106
1,996
1,794
833
798
1,670
1,594
4,500
4,186
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,261
867
585
352
209
63
31
39
31
17
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,023
4,825
4,534
4,491
4,954
5,105
4,889
4,995
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
4,835
5,010
4,883
4,878
4,805
1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,547
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,330
1,161
1,125
1,052
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
812
677
412
285
167
126
110
108
121
245
493
685
4,242
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Biomass
3,824
4,833
6,024
6,811
7,922
7,564
6,589
6,138
5,916
6,345
6,670
6,430
6,464
6,768
6,513
6,406
5,706
6,097
6,340
6,044
6,003
5,857
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153
107
92
81
64
66
64
64
74
64
65
73
82
896
919
769
493
349
233
190
174
181
185
311
566
767
5,137
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
900
774
684
377
198
132
116
111
122
230
532
877
5,052
98
89
84
66
53
45
49
53
55
54
64
75
784
998
863
768
443
251
177
165
164
176
285
596
952
5,836
NA
NA
NA
R 1,065
81
74
155
R 1,146
879
1,944
NA
NA
1,674
1,490
187
198
a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
e Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
2,319
5,078
section.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for electricity retail sales. See Note 2,
"Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
25
Figure 2.3
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

5
Electricitya
4
Natural Gas
3
Petroleum
Coal
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

7
6
5
Electricitya
4
3
Renewable
Energy
2
1
Natural Gas
Petroleum
0
J
M A
J A
2012
O N D
M A
J J A
2013
S O N D
M A
J J A
2014
O N D
4
3.457
3.113
Natural Gas
0.501
3.211
3
0.357
Electricitya
0.046
Petroleum
Renewable
Energy
0.011
Coal
0.006
0
2012
2013
2014
0.0
0.1
0.2

Source: Table 2.3.
.
26
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
HydroGeoSolar/
electric
PV
Powere thermal
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleumd
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,542
801
407
265
165
147
115
137
124
117
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
81
73
70
62
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,558
2,651
2,488
2,682
3,096
3,252
3,097
3,212
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
3,085
3,228
3,187
3,165
3,216
872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
807
790
726
842
809
761
663
649
664
663
651
641
2,815
2,547
2,711
3,168
4,229
4,051
4,084
3,708
3,798
3,982
4,150
3,984
4,028
4,185
4,113
3,932
3,629
3,805
3,973
3,923
3,886
3,919
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
44
456
396
267
214
152
134
127
136
145
217
315
400
2,960
71
59
53
41
42
41
41
48
40
39
45
51
571
533
459
325
257
197
178
171
187
187
260
364
455
3,574
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
4
41
489
438
402
253
171
139
139
140
145
211
352
486
3,365
62
57
52
41
32
26
28
31
32
30
37
43
469
556
500
458
297
206
168
169
173
179
244
392
533
3,875
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
6
6
12
586
501
1,086
46
46
92

10
10
927
852
118
130
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesf
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesg
Total
Wind
Biomass
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,298
4,232
4,051
3,747
3,922
4,098
4,052
4,016
4,055
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,598
1,906
2,351
2,860
3,252
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,558
4,460
4,539
4,531
834
984
1,344
1,880
2,908
3,835
4,567
5,368
6,564
7,338
8,942
8,990
9,104
8,958
9,229
9,455
9,529
9,774
9,749
9,378
9,501
9,388
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,346
17,659
17,857
17,710
18,256
18,405
17,890
18,056
17,973
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
109
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
131
544
470
335
268
208
189
182
198
198
271
375
467
3,705
359
341
350
345
378
403
439
437
398
377
347
355
4,528
727
672
694
681
799
834
919
873
760
741
711
756
9,170
1,630
1,483
1,379
1,293
1,386
1,426
1,540
1,509
1,356
1,389
1,433
1,578
17,403
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143
568
511
471
308
218
179
181
185
191
256
404
545
4,018
366
344
354
346
372
401
436
435
406
383
353
371
4,567
749
674
724
692
785
850
905
888
786
759
745
786
9,342
1,683
1,528
1,549
1,346
1,374
1,431
1,522
1,508
1,383
1,398
1,502
1,702
17,927
638
553
1,191
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
10
9
19
12
11
23
R 650
390
357
747
811
685
1,497
R 1,851
564
1,214
1,055
992
(s)
(s)
3
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
20
18
23
21
1,079
1,014
710
701
1,422
1,399
3,211
3,113

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.

d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
f Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
g Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
section.
Total
1,606
3,457
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals beginning in 2008;
hydroelectric power; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales beginning in 1979.
The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy
Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page:
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
27
Figure 2.4
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

12
Petroleum
9
Natural Gas
6
Electricitya
3
Coal
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1.0
Natural Gas
0.8
Petroleum
0.6
Renewable Energy
0.4
Electricitya
0.2
Coal
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
6
5.187
5.188
5.326
Natural
Gas
0.791
Petroleum
0.692
4
3
Electricitya
Renewable
Energy
0.250
0.171
1
Coal
0.127
0
2012
2013
2014
0.0
0.2
0.4
a
Source: Table 2.4.
28
0.6
0.8
1.0
Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleumd
Totale
Hydroelectric
Powerf
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,667
3,155
2,760
2,756
2,488
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,793
1,392
1,631
1,561
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
8,532
8,333
7,032
8,451
9,592
9,500
8,676
8,832
8,488
8,550
7,907
7,861
8,074
8,083
7,609
8,278
8,481
3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,586
9,075
9,178
9,168
9,230
9,825
9,633
9,770
9,451
8,588
7,814
8,171
8,108
13,288
15,434
16,277
19,260
21,911
20,339
20,962
17,492
19,463
20,727
20,896
20,075
20,079
19,811
20,559
19,538
19,606
19,414
18,506
16,791
18,075
18,161
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
125
125
129
120
121
116
119
122
116
121
124
127
1,465
805
751
743
709
709
693
708
717
705
739
750
786
8,816
714
670
658
630
672
661
658
694
637
733
709
706
8,140
1,646
1,546
1,533
1,464
1,503
1,470
1,485
1,533
1,456
1,590
1,580
1,619
18,425
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
133
128
132
127
128
126
126
128
128
134
132
133
1,553
814
750
793
734
732
697
722
731
708
754
792
852
9,080
774
669
677
672
691
688
721
704
745
782
793
773
8,689
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
133
127
260
867
791
1,658

260
250
1,564
1,556
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesg
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesh
Totale
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,026
1,963
2,201
2,261
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,725
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,965
2,047
1,985
2,221
2,283
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,536
22,412
21,411
21,536
21,379
20,553
18,776
20,296
20,444
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,346
2,781
2,855
3,226
3,455
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
3,130
3,313
3,382
1,852
2,495
2,739
3,487
4,716
5,632
6,664
6,518
7,404
7,796
8,208
7,526
7,484
7,565
7,635
7,557
7,414
7,518
7,365
6,582
6,934
7,007
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,555
33,519
32,446
32,401
32,404
31,362
28,488
30,543
30,833
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
196
184
188
180
188
183
186
189
181
186
185
192
2,238
199
186
191
182
191
185
187
191
183
188
188
194
2,265
1,845
1,732
1,724
1,646
1,694
1,655
1,672
1,724
1,640
1,778
1,768
1,813
20,690
270
267
277
276
289
285
298
301
280
283
269
267
3,363
547
525
550
546
611
591
624
600
535
556
552
569
6,811
2,662
2,525
2,552
2,469
2,594
2,531
2,593
2,625
2,455
2,618
2,589
2,649
30,865
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
184
166
182
175
182
183
193
186
178
186
187
196
2,198
188
169
186
177
186
186
197
189
180
189
189
199
2,235
1,908
1,717
1,785
1,709
1,737
1,694
1,764
1,750
1,760
R 1,858
1,903
1,955
21,540
267
254
266
265
280
278
286
289
274
275
265
260
3,258
545
498
545
530
592
588
593
590
530
545
558
550
6,664
2,719
2,469
2,596
2,504
2,609
2,560
2,642
2,630
2,564
2,677
2,726
2,765
31,461
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
186
168
354
190
171
361
R 1,994
265
250
514
551
479
1,030
R 2,810
1,787
3,782
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
350
380
357
385
3,625
3,577
521
537
1,043
1,073
5,188
5,187
Geothermal
Wind
Biomass
2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
22
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1,720
1,548
1,599
1,532
1,551
1,508
1,567
1,561
1,580
1,669
1,714
1,756
19,305
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
32
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
806
692
1,498
1,805
1,616
3,421
3
2
6
1,443
1,384
3,268
3,191
6
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.

e Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See
Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Conventional hydroelectric power.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
Solar/
PV
2,516
5,326
section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals; hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales. The
industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: Tables 1.4a, 1.4b, 2.6, 3.8b, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
29
Figure 2.5
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

30
Petroleum
25
20
15
10
Renewable
Energy
5
Natural Gas
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

3.0
2.5
Petroleum
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Renewable
Energy
Natural Gas
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
Total, Monthly
3.0
4.243
4.148
4.212
2.5
2.0
3
1.5
2
1.0
1
0.5
2012
2014
0.0
2012
2013
2014

Source: Table 2.5.
.
30
2013
Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable
Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Natural Gasc
Petroleumd
Total
Biomass
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salese
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesf
Total
1,564
421
75
16
7
1
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
130
254
359
517
745
595
650
519
680
724
672
658
699
627
602
624
625
663
692
715
719
734
6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
22,955
25,682
25,412
25,913
25,987
26,925
27,309
27,651
27,763
26,230
25,375
25,683
25,264
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
19,992
22,306
23,679
26,354
26,070
26,612
26,615
27,527
27,933
28,276
28,427
26,922
26,090
26,402
25,997
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,845
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,747
27,025
27,477
27,155
23
20
10
10
11
10
11
14
16
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
27
26
26
86
56
26
24
26
24
27
32
37
38
42
43
42
51
54
56
54
60
56
56
55
54
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,919
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,116
27,829
27,108
27,558
27,236
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
84
76
64
59
57
57
63
61
55
57
66
80
777
1,975
1,918
2,068
2,046
2,150
2,118
2,161
2,209
2,022
2,102
1,993
1,991
24,751
2,059
1,994
2,132
2,105
2,206
2,174
2,224
2,270
2,076
2,159
2,059
2,071
25,528
87
89
99
98
104
102
98
106
92
100
92
92
1,159
2,147
2,083
2,231
2,203
2,311
2,276
2,322
2,375
2,168
2,259
2,150
2,162
26,688
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
51
2,153
2,090
2,237
2,209
2,317
2,283
2,329
2,382
2,174
2,265
2,156
2,169
26,763
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
87
77
76
60
54
53
59
59
54
57
70
88
795
1,977
1,814
2,077
2,038
2,139
2,090
2,197
2,221
2,077
2,156
2,038
2,071
24,895
2,063
1,892
2,154
2,098
2,193
2,144
2,256
2,280
2,131
2,213
2,108
2,159
25,690
92
87
101
102
107
106
105
103
106
114
106
114
1,244
2,156
1,978
2,254
2,200
2,300
2,250
2,361
2,383
2,238
2,327
2,213
2,274
26,934
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
53
2,163
1,985
2,261
2,206
2,306
2,257
2,368
2,390
2,244
2,333
2,219
2,281
27,012
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
(g)
(g)
(g)
97
83
180
1,967
1,857
3,824
2,064
1,940
4,004
98
95
194
2,162
2,035
4,198
2
2
5
5
5
10
2,170
2,042
4,212

(g)
(g)
164
160
3,791
3,893
3,955
4,053
179
177
4,134
4,230
4
4
9
9
4,148
4,243

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Data are for natural gas
consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small
amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 4.3.
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
section.
g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals through 1977; and electricity
retail sales beginning in 1979. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
31
Figure 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

24
Coal
20
16
12
Renewable Energy
8
Natural Gas
4
Petroleum
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

2.4
1.8
Coal
1.2
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.6
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D
8
Coal
1.463
6.642
6.114
6.213
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Natural
Gas
0.656
0.567
Renewable
Energy
Petroleum
0.355
0.027
0
2012
2013
2014
0.0
0.5

Source: Table 2.6.
.
32
1.0
1.5
2.0
Table 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
1950 Total ......................

1955 Total ......................
1960 Total ......................
1965 Total ......................
1970 Total ......................
1975 Total ......................
1980 Total ......................
1985 Total ......................
1990 Totalf .....................
1995 Total ......................
2000 Total ......................
2001 Total ......................
2002 Total ......................
2003 Total ......................
2004 Total ......................
2005 Total ......................
2006 Total ......................
2007 Total ......................
2008 Total ......................
2009 Total ......................
2010 Total ......................
2011 Total ......................
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
12,123
14,542
16,261
17,466
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
18,225
19,133
18,035
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,778
3,135
3,309
4,302
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
7,022
7,528
7,712
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
303
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
18,534
18,767
20,859
22,523
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
27,810
25,638
27,039
26,050
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,739
4,076
6,104
7,075
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,960
8,223
8,161
8,215
8,459
8,426
8,355
8,434
8,269
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167
5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
71
140
8
134
115
75
72
22
39
85
63
107
112
116
89
127
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,712
39,638
39,428
40,380
39,978
38,076
39,627
39,301
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,356
1,207
1,100
991
1,204
1,373
1,658
1,585
1,331
1,275
1,340
1,403
15,821
662
657
687
728
828
897
1,102
1,023
818
682
591
611
9,287
24
18
15
14
17
20
23
20
17
17
17
18
219
2,041
1,882
1,802
1,733
2,048
2,290
2,783
2,627
2,166
1,973
1,948
2,031
25,327
758
669
647
585
651
683
724
729
676
626
594
719
8,062
217
191
244
248
271
252
251
218
166
155
176
217
2,606
12
11
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
148
1
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
40
130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,339
39
36
37
33
36
38
40
40
38
38
38
40
453
398
344
429
417
442
421
392
355
304
330
341
412
4,586
11
9
10
13
15
14
19
19
14
12
13
11
161
3,209
2,905
2,888
2,749
3,156
3,408
3,919
3,731
3,160
2,941
2,896
3,173
38,136
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,437
1,286
1,349
1,167
1,240
1,440
1,594
1,571
1,393
1,271
1,262
1,480
16,489
643
578
615
574
626
751
927
918
766
650
612
677
8,337
26
19
19
18
23
22
28
24
21
20
18
24
262
2,105
1,883
1,982
1,759
1,889
2,213
2,549
2,513
2,180
1,941
1,892
2,181
25,088
748
644
660
595
659
696
739
748
690
662
681
747
8,268
236
192
194
233
269
257
256
204
159
163
167
200
2,529
14
12
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
12
14
157
3
4
6
7
8
9
8
9
9
9
7
7
85
139
132
149
164
155
131
106
91
111
130
151
134
1,595
38
34
39
33
38
39
41
41
39
39
40
44
465
430
375
401
450
481
449
425
359
331
355
377
398
4,831
14
13
14
12
16
17
18
19
15
13
15
13
179
3,297
2,915
3,057
2,815
3,044
3,375
3,731
3,639
3,215
2,972
2,964
3,340
38,365
2014 January ..................

February ................
1,603
1,463
3,066
677
567
1,244
68
27
95
2,348
2,057
4,405
766
656
1,422
202
163
366
13
12
25
7
8
15
171
133
304
43
39
82
437
355
793
13
9
22
3,564
3,078
6,642
2013 2-Month Total .......

2012 2-Month Total .......
2,723
2,563
1,221
1,319
45
42
3,988
3,924
1,393
1,428
428
408
26
23
7
2
271
235
73
74
805
743
27
20
6,213
6,114

b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.

d Conventional hydroelectric power.
e Net imports equal imports minus exports.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal
Hydroelectric
Powerd
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Electricity
Net
Importse
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
output.
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See
Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: Tables 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
33

Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical
system energy losses are calculated as the difference
between total primary consumption by the electric power
sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these
losses occur at steam-electric power plants (conventional
and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is
a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steamelectric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is
a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic,
and wind energy sources. In addition to conversion
losses, other losses include power plant use of electricity,
transmission and distribution of electricity from power
plants to end-use consumers (also called "line losses"),
and unaccounted-for electricity. Total losses are allocated
to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector's share
of total electricity sales. Overall, about two thirds of total
energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use
and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.
Note 2. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. Most
of the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review
34
(MER) are developed from a group of energy-related

surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Supply
surveys are directed to suppliers and marketers of specific
energy sources. They measure the quantities of specific
energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the
market, or both. The data obtained from EIA's supply
surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption
statistics published in this section (and in Section 1) of the
MER.
Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be
aware of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically
called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather
information on the types of energy consumed by end users
of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users
that can be associated with energy use. For example, the
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to
the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments). There are important differences between the supply
and consumption surveys that need to be taken into account
in any analysis that uses both data sources. For information
on those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use
Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and
Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990.
3. Petroleum
Figure 3.1
Petroleum Overview
(Million Barrels per Day)
Overview, 19492013
25
Products Supplied
20
15
Net Imports
10
Total Field Productiona
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 19492013
12
10
8
Crude Oilb
6
4
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Field Production,a Monthly
Overview, JanuaryApril
25
12
2012
2013
2014
20
18.3 18.6 18.7
10
8
15
6
10.9
10
8.6
9.6
7.6
6.6
4
5.6
2013
2014
0
Total Field
Productiona
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
a
Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas plant liquids field
production.
b
Includes lease condensate.
36
2012
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.

Source: Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Petroleum Overview
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Productiona
Trade
Crude Oilb,c
Renewable
Fuels
and Oxygenatesf
Processing
Gaing
48
Statesd
Alaska
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
6,980
7,146
5,582
5,076
4,851
4,839
4,759
4,675
4,533
4,317
4,347
4,355
4,317
4,708
4,871
5,091
0
0
2
30
229
191
1,617
1,825
1,773
1,484
970
963
985
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
600
561
5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,181
5,088
5,077
5,000
5,353
5,471
5,652
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,633
1,573
1,609
1,559
1,762
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
1,910
2,074
2,216
5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
10,007
10,170
10,581
8,914
8,322
7,733
7,670
7,624
7,369
7,250
6,898
6,827
6,860
6,783
7,263
7,545
7,869
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
746
907
1,016
2
34
146
220
359
460
597
557
683
774
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
979
1,068
1,076
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
R 5,543
R 5,656
R 5,722
R 5,733
R 5,783
R 6,136
R 6,239
R 6,290
R 6,286
R 6,329
R 6,378
R 6,296
R 6,562
R 6,934
R 7,038
R 7,075
R 6,484
2,384
2,401
2,385
2,379
2,393
2,338
2,327
2,371
2,462
2,507
2,536
2,415
2,408
R 8,520
R 8,639
R 8,674
R 8,665
5,959
593
582
567
552
546
493
415
404
502
547
553
555
526
R 8,705
R 8,667
R 9,024
R 9,441
R 9,574
R 9,490
R 8,892
1,022
1,013
991
1,002
1,017
1,003
928
954
920
901
913
904
964
1,053
1,064
1,074
1,027
1,089
1,100
1,065
1,045
1,001
1,006
1,032
1,152
1,059
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
RE 6,475
RE 6,582
RE 6,630
RE 6,802
RE 6,747
RE 6,731
RE 6,962
RE 7,033
RE 7,244
RE 7,191
RE 7,412
RE 7,356
RE 6,932
E 549
E 541
E 533
E 523
E 515
E 486
E 493
E 428
E 511
E 521
E 536
E 546
E 515
RE 7,024
RE 7,123
RE 7,163
RE 7,324
E 7,263
RE 7,217
RE 7,455
RE 7,461
RE 7,755
RE 7,712
RE 7,948
RE 7,902
RE 7,447
2,361
2,453
2,475
2,469
2,475
2,498
2,550
2,657
2,707
2,680
2,734
2,615
2,556
E 9,384
RE 9,576
RE 9,638
RE 9,793
E 9,738
RE 9,715
RE 10,005
RE 10,119
RE 10,462
RE 10,392
RE 10,682
RE 10,517
RE 10,003
894
908
949
973
1,011
1,033
1,020
1,004
998
1,047
1,082
1,102
1,002
1,119
998
1,035
1,088
1,058
1,096
1,139
1,129
1,157
1,093
1,133
1,175
1,102
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
4-Month Average ...
RE 7,463
RE 7,518
E 7,670
E 7,793
E 7,612
E 542
E 515
E 530
E 536
E 531
RE 8,005
RE 8,033
E 8,200
E 8,329
E 8,143
2,639 RE 10,644
R 2,684 RE 10,717
E 2,810 E 11,010
E 2,941 E 11,270
E 2,769 E 10,912
R 1,019
E 945
E 971
E 984
R 1,080
E 1,088
E 1,134
E 1,106
R 9,151
E 9,074
E 9,516
E 9,252
R 3,611
E 3,741
E 3,378
E 3,692
R 5,540
E 5,333
E 6,138
E 5,559
2013 4-Month Average ...

E 6,622
E 536
E 7,158
5,663
574
6,237
931
1,007
1,061
1,055
9,711
10,657
3,107
3,062
6,604
7,595
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
5,749
R 5,963
R 5,892
R 6,060
R 6,388
R 6,485
R 6,520
Total
6,242
NGPLe
2,439
2,387
Totalc
8,722
8,580
E 9,597
8,624
a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products)
production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously
classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in
"Adjustments."
b Includes lease condensate.
c Once a month, data for crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments are revised going back as far as the data year of the U.S. Energy
Information Administrations (EIA) last published Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA)these revisions are released at the same time as EIAs Petroleum Supply
Monthly. Once a year, data for these series are revised going back as far as 10
yearsthese revisions are released at the same time as the PSA.
d United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
e Natural gas plant liquids.
f Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
g Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs.
See Table 3.2.
h Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b.
1,002
1,118
Importsh
Petroleum
Products
Supplied
Net
Importsi
Stock
Changej
Adjustmentsc,k
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450
-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
32
140
-103
107
-246
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
195
109
49
-121
-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
41
64
200
338
496
532
501
529
509
542
510
536
640
803
225
269
350
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598
2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205
8,041
7,496
7,489
7,339
7,910
8,208
7,556
7,798
7,312
6,793
6,777
6,008
7,393
726
-179
519
33
366
478
91
-401
631
-304
11
-85
158
R 394
R 252
R 453
R 212
18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490
10,042
9,235
9,456
10,076
10,052
9,790
10,243
10,197
9,979
9,592
9,307
9,502
9,794
2,882
3,243
3,111
3,208
3,467
3,545
3,892
3,700
3,631
3,998
3,973
4,444
3,594
7,160
5,992
6,345
6,868
6,585
6,245
6,351
6,498
6,349
5,594
5,334
5,057
6,200
185
-777
79
444
353
7
-6
98
370
-617
-691
-1,023
-128
9,264
Exports
4,021
5,243
217
444
R 352
R 290
R 466
R 261
R 242
R 481
339
R 642
R 526
R 439
R 520
R 529
R 491
R 206
R 451
18,646
18,659
18,476
18,553
18,551
18,724
19,046
19,091
19,116
19,273
19,413
19,081
18,887
E 1,336
E 237
R 352
R 651
E 312
E 268
E 390
R 18,994
E 18,516
E 18,445
E 18,714
-2
284
386
330
18,582
18,326
-561
R 14
E 172
273
R 407
R 588
R 276
512
18,921
i Net imports equal imports minus exports.

j A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change
from the previous months estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table
3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes
distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4.
k An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other
hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and
distillate fuel oil. See EIAs Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM
Explanatory Notes," for further information.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day
and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
beginning in 1973.
37
Figure 3.2
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

Net Inputs and Net Production, 19492013

20
Total Net Production
15
Total
Net
Inputs
Crude Oil Net Inputsa
10
5
Other Net Inputsb
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Net Production, Selected Products, 19492013

10
Motor Gasolinec
Distillate Fuel Oild
Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly

25
1980
1985
Total Net Production
15
1995
2000
2005
2010
Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly

10
20
1990
Motor Gasolinec
6
Crude Oil Net Inputsa

Total Net
Inputs
10
Other Net Inputsb
Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil
0
2014
2012
2013

Natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.
Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodieb
c
38
2012
2013
2014
sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Source: Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production
Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa
Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

LPGc
Crude
Oild
NGPLe
Other
Liquidsf
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oilg
Jet
Fuelh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
12,442
13,481
12,002
13,409
13,973
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
14,648
14,336
14,724
14,806
259
345
455
618
763
710
462
509
467
471
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
485
485
442
490
19
32
61
88
121
72
81
681
713
775
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
2,019
2,082
2,219
2,300
6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
13,225
14,025
13,192
14,589
15,220
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
17,153
16,904
17,385
17,596
1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,653
2,661
2,686
2,925
3,155
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
4,294
4,048
4,223
4,492
(h)
155
241
523
827
871
999
1,189
1,488
1,416
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,493
1,396
1,418
1,449
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
234
269
295
404
503
583
556
572
570
584
540
543
562
519
537
560
552
80
119
212
293
345
311
330
391
499
654
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
630
623
659
619
2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
6,518
6,492
6,419
6,959
7,459
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
8,548
8,786
9,059
9,058
1,165
1,152
908
736
706
1,235
1,580
882
950
788
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
620
598
585
537
947
1,166
1,420
1,814
2,082
2,097
2,559
2,183
2,452
2,522
2,705
2,651
2,712
2,780
2,887
2,782
2,827
2,728
2,561
2,431
2,509
2,518
6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
13,685
14,622
13,750
15,272
15,994
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
18,146
17,882
18,452
18,673
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
14,374
14,615
14,476
14,609
15,097
15,637
15,665
15,325
14,910
14,843
15,085
15,330
14,999
512
532
445
451
432
442
439
436
523
622
627
646
509
1,644
1,627
2,008
2,208
2,317
2,182
2,149
2,436
2,003
1,997
1,747
1,627
1,997
16,531
16,774
16,929
17,269
17,846
18,261
18,253
18,197
17,436
17,462
17,460
17,604
17,505
4,500
4,408
4,263
4,352
4,547
4,632
4,660
4,600
4,566
4,510
4,669
4,884
4,550
1,437
1,402
1,412
1,434
1,469
1,610
1,613
1,560
1,450
1,419
1,374
1,466
1,471
531
542
545
558
568
585
569
543
522
541
550
579
553
421
503
688
835
858
841
848
779
553
470
364
390
630
8,385
8,606
8,705
8,720
8,950
9,157
9,073
9,237
8,888
9,176
9,156
9,051
8,926
500
548
577
525
509
538
486
495
508
481
458
388
501
2,341
2,372
2,359
2,430
2,603
2,583
2,640
2,571
2,474
2,414
2,471
2,578
2,487
17,584
17,838
18,004
18,295
18,936
19,360
19,319
19,242
18,438
18,468
18,492
18,756
18,564
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
14,569
14,246
14,703
14,865
15,300
15,833
16,040
15,803
15,628
14,988
15,651
16,073
15,315
541
501
488
427
379
426
427
444
560
566
595
589
495
1,580
2,094
2,035
2,275
2,606
2,376
2,295
2,413
1,926
2,336
1,918
1,732
2,133
16,690
16,841
17,226
17,567
18,286
18,634
18,761
18,660
18,113
17,890
18,165
18,393
17,942
4,476
4,267
4,285
4,415
4,767
4,788
4,933
4,931
4,889
4,815
5,054
5,122
4,732
1,421
1,403
1,463
1,526
1,451
1,523
1,562
1,606
1,544
1,426
1,492
1,586
1,501
543
535
557
561
574
566
575
583
575
542
558
600
564
417
485
652
820
869
848
865
837
634
418
302
376
628
8,624
8,794
8,908
8,963
9,241
9,409
9,314
9,291
9,120
9,425
9,474
9,436
9,169
399
508
571
509
483
469
477
423
428
420
466
454
467
2,472
2,382
2,380
2,422
2,532
2,693
2,750
2,701
2,655
2,478
2,510
2,594
2,549
17,810
17,839
18,260
18,655
19,343
19,731
19,900
19,789
19,270
18,983
19,298
19,569
19,045
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
4-Month Average .....
R 15,122
E 15,122
E 15,809
E 15,340
R 531
F 475
F 435
E 491
R 1,919
RE 2,446
E 2,216
E 2,035
R 17,572
RF 18,042
F 18,460
E 17,865
R 4,572
E 4,727
E 4,934
E 4,724
R 1,450
E 1,464
E 1,505
E 1,474
R 573
RE 615
E 678
E 613
R 518
F 659
F 823
E 604
R 9,259
E 9,425
E 9,860
E 9,385
R 428
E 462
E 436
E 452
R 2,426
RE 2,393
E 2,036
E 2,331
R 18,652
RE 19,130
E 19,594
E 18,971
2013 4-Month Average .....

14,602
14,516
490
485
1,991
1,873
17,083
16,874
4,363
4,380
1,454
1,421
549
544
595
611
8,822
8,603
497
537
2,415
2,375
18,144
17,929
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a
b
c
d
e
f
15,300
524
1,555
17,379
4,656
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus).
Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981,
also includes aviation and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in
1993, also includes oxygenates (net), including fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009,
also includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel).
g Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
h Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products.") For
19522004, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet
fuel is included in the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other
Products.")
i Includes propylene.
j Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and
special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor
1,477
Propanei
584
Total
414
Motor
Residual
Other
Gasolinej Fuel Oil Productsk
8,999
480
2,471
Total
18,497
gasoline.
k Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2013
and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current
two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
39
Figure 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Overview, February 2014
Million Barrels per Day
25
20
19.0
15
9.2
10
5.5
5
3.6
3.4
2.2
0
Imports From
Persian Gulf
Imports From
OPEC
Total
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf as Share of Total Imports, 19602013
80
68.0%
(1960)
Percent
60
OPEC
37.8%
(2013)
40
20
47.8%
(1973)
Persian Gulf
17.9%
(1960)
0
1960
20.5%
(2013)
13.6%
(1973)
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied, 19492013

75
Percent
50
34.8%
(1973)
32.8%
(2013)
25
5.5%
(1949)
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum .
Source: Table 3.3a.
40
2000
2005
2010
Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

As Share of
Products Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
As Share of
Total Imports
Net
Imports
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Percent
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
326
359
184
1,165
1,519
311
1,966
1,573
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
2,370
1,689
1,711
1,861
NA
NA
1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
NA
NA
3.3
3.1
1.3
7.1
8.9
2.0
11.6
8.9
12.6
14.1
11.5
12.5
12.0
11.2
10.7
10.5
12.2
9.0
8.9
9.9
NA
NA
12.6
12.5
8.8
22.1
25.2
11.6
25.3
22.6
26.4
28.1
23.3
25.8
27.5
26.9
26.7
28.9
30.5
25.4
25.6
24.1
13.2
14.8
18.5
21.4
23.3
37.1
40.5
32.2
47.2
49.8
58.2
60.4
58.3
61.2
63.4
65.9
66.3
65.1
66.2
62.3
61.5
60.6
8.4
10.4
16.5
19.8
21.5
35.8
37.3
27.3
42.2
44.5
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
57.0
51.5
49.2
44.8
NA
NA
17.9
14.5
5.4
19.2
22.0
6.1
24.5
17.8
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
14.4
14.5
16.3
NA
NA
68.0
58.3
37.8
59.5
62.2
36.1
53.6
45.3
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
46.1
40.9
41.6
39.8
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2,158
1,948
2,209
2,236
2,628
2,395
2,154
2,071
2,071
2,142
2,100
1,751
2,156
4,159
3,989
4,301
4,402
4,730
4,655
4,387
4,385
4,272
4,187
4,228
3,556
4,271
10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598
2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205
8,041
7,496
7,489
7,339
7,910
8,208
7,556
7,798
7,312
6,793
6,777
6,008
7,393
18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490
11.8
10.4
12.2
12.3
14.1
12.7
11.6
10.8
11.4
11.5
11.3
9.7
11.7
22.7
21.4
23.7
24.2
25.4
24.7
23.7
22.9
23.6
22.4
22.8
19.6
23.1
59.6
56.3
58.4
58.3
59.8
60.6
58.3
56.8
57.9
53.7
55.0
53.2
57.3
43.9
40.2
41.2
40.3
42.6
43.5
40.8
40.7
40.4
36.3
36.6
33.2
40.0
19.8
18.6
20.8
21.1
23.6
21.0
20.0
19.0
19.8
21.3
20.6
18.2
20.3
38.1
38.0
40.6
41.5
42.5
40.7
40.6
40.3
40.8
41.7
41.5
36.9
40.3
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,798
1,831
2,087
1,804
2,135
1,894
1,927
2,160
2,146
1,933
2,138
2,225
2,008
3,850
3,094
3,713
3,780
4,045
3,825
3,793
3,900
3,921
3,411
3,529
3,570
3,707
10,042
9,235
9,456
10,076
10,052
9,790
10,243
10,197
9,979
9,592
9,307
9,502
9,794
2,882
3,243
3,111
3,208
3,467
3,545
3,892
3,700
3,631
3,998
3,973
4,444
3,594
7,160
5,992
6,345
6,868
6,585
6,245
6,351
6,498
6,349
5,594
5,334
5,057
6,200
18,646
18,659
18,476
18,553
18,551
18,724
19,046
19,091
19,116
19,273
19,413
19,081
18,887
9.6
9.8
11.3
9.7
11.5
10.1
10.1
11.3
11.2
10.0
11.0
11.7
10.6
20.6
16.6
20.1
20.4
21.8
20.4
19.9
20.4
20.5
17.7
18.2
18.7
19.6
53.9
49.5
51.2
54.3
54.2
52.3
53.8
53.4
52.2
49.8
47.9
49.8
51.9
38.4
32.1
34.3
37.0
35.5
33.4
33.3
34.0
33.2
29.0
27.5
26.5
32.8
17.9
19.8
22.1
17.9
21.2
19.3
18.8
21.2
21.5
20.2
23.0
23.4
20.5
38.3
33.5
39.3
37.5
40.2
39.1
37.0
38.2
39.3
35.6
37.9
37.6
37.8
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
2,187
3,314
R 2,172
R 3,398
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,882
2,140
3,621
4,215
9,264
4,021
5,243
18,921
11.6
17.5
R 9,151
E 9,074
E 9,516
E 9,252
R 3,611
E 3,741
E 3,378
E 3,692
R 5,540
E 5,333
E 6,138
E 5,559
R 18,994
E 18,516
E 18,445
E 18,714
R 11.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,711
10,657
3,107
3,062
6,604
7,595
18,582
18,326
10.1
11.7
19.5
23.0
a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes:
For the feature article "Measuring Dependence on

Imported Oil," published in the August 1995 Monthly Energy Review,
see
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/imported_oil.pdf.
Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports.
See Table 3.3b. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports include
R 17.9
49.0
27.7
23.6
35.8
R 48.2
E 49.0
E 51.6
E 49.4
R 29.2
E 28.8
E 33.3
E 29.7
R 23.7
R 37.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
52.3
58.2
35.5
41.4
19.4
20.1
37.3
39.6
receipts from U.S. territories.

beginning in 1973.
reports. 19812012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
unpublished revisions. 2013 and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly
reports; and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data
system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
41
Figure 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports

Overview, 19492013
12
10
Crude Oil
8
6
Petroleum Products
4
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
OPEC and Non-OPEC, 19602013

10
Non-OPEC
8
6
OPEC
4
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
From Selected OPEC Countries, February 2014

2.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
From Selected Non-OPEC Countries,

February 2014
4.0
1.5
3.211
1.464
3.0
1.0
2.0
0.807
0.5
0.348
0.864
1.0
0.290
0.207
0.0
0.365
0.320
Russia
Colombia
Saudi
Arabia
Vene-
Kuwait
Iraq
Ecuador
Canada
Mexico
zuela
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.3b3.3d.
42
0.181
0.0
Brazil
Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type

Imports
Crude Oila
SPRc
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fueld
(d)
(d)
Propanee
Total
44
118
27
8
11
16
77
52
8
7
19
56
487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
4,105
5,263
3,201
5,894
7,230
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
9,783
9,013
9,213
8,935
7
12
35
36
147
155
142
200
278
193
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
213
225
228
179
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
8,527
8,562
8,771
8,636
8,991
9,193
8,712
8,665
8,381
8,108
8,183
7,604
8,527
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
7,953
7,270
7,460
7,726
7,737
7,730
8,071
8,099
7,911
7,475
7,386
7,759
7,719
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
4-Month Average
R 7,200
E 7,271
E 7,603
E 7,418
R 336
E 259
E 179
E 263
R 94
E 81
R 244
E 122
E 84
R 221
E 122
E 70
E 149
2013 4-Month Average

2012 4-Month Average
7,609
8,625
193
134
49
24
150
124
172
151
7,584
Exports
LPGb
Motor
Residual
Gasolinef Fuel Oil Otherg
Total
Crude Petroleum
Oila
Products
Total
34
81
144
133
80
39
108
106
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
103
81
98
69
0
0
NA
NA
26
60
69
67
115
102
161
145
145
168
209
233
228
182
185
147
121
110
0
0
4
21
52
112
216
187
188
146
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
253
182
153
135
(s)
13
27
28
67
184
140
381
342
265
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
302
223
134
105
329
417
637
946
1,528
1,223
939
510
504
187
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
349
331
366
328
27
24
62
119
157
144
130
550
705
708
938
1,095
1,085
1,087
1,419
1,609
1,881
1,885
1,913
1,635
1,600
1,686
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
95
32
8
3
14
6
287
204
109
95
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
42
47
210
336
193
184
245
204
258
577
748
855
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
1,773
1,980
2,311
2,939
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
157
142
137
98
113
87
117
112
86
88
188
190
126
6
41
5
45
49
42
48
124
84
106
46
59
55
146
125
109
115
106
102
115
85
100
91
138
161
116
169
155
137
143
133
130
134
109
124
116
158
182
141
80
46
79
33
43
37
32
34
23
26
32
64
44
330
228
273
252
265
325
247
244
257
236
236
178
256
1,641
1,315
1,204
1,404
1,524
1,609
1,505
1,593
1,521
1,368
1,339
1,367
1,450
10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598
78
73
71
41
83
46
77
60
68
67
73
71
67
2,791
2,921
3,045
3,231
3,124
3,170
3,160
3,021
3,096
3,188
3,331
3,565
3,137
2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205
213
174
146
238
168
120
107
123
132
128
145
164
155
46
61
18
74
83
76
75
124
68
98
74
61
72
184
166
141
110
81
110
87
85
87
158
169
146
127
207
186
164
130
98
131
108
109
108
182
189
166
148
40
19
56
35
24
70
53
68
40
38
51
33
44
238
196
300
259
186
173
249
292
229
194
181
168
222
1,345
1,331
1,312
1,614
1,757
1,490
1,580
1,383
1,490
1,477
1,281
1,150
1,435
10,042
9,235
9,456
10,076
10,052
9,790
10,243
10,197
9,979
9,592
9,307
9,502
9,794
73
124
101
132
125
120
98
66
99
114
202
190
120
2,809
3,119
3,010
3,075
3,342
3,425
3,794
3,634
3,532
3,885
3,771
4,255
3,474
2,882
3,243
3,111
3,208
3,467
3,545
3,892
3,700
3,631
3,998
3,973
4,444
3,594
283
42
187
a Includes lease condensate.

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes
crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others.
d Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19562004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Motor Gasoline." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.")
e Includes propylene.
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through
1980, also includes motor gasoline blending components.
g Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished
oils, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
206
NA
NA
NA
42
122
985
9,264
245
3,776
4,021
R 11
E 31
E 51
E 34
R 221
E 158
E 201
E 174
R 1,046
NA
NA
NA
R 9,151
E 9,074
E 9,516
E 9,252
R 240
E 65
E 69
E 153
R 3,371
E 3,676
E 3,309
E 3,539
R 3,611
E 3,741
E 3,378
E 3,692
38
60
249
272
1,400
1,392
9,711
10,657
107
66
3,000
2,996
3,107
3,062
includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also
includes motor gasoline blending components. Beginning in 2005, also includes
naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. =No data
reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
beginning in 1973.
system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
43
Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries

Libyae
Nigeriaf
Saudi
Arabiad
Venezuela
182
74
48
16
27
21
86
218
272
250
228
220
250
243
185
181
210
182
197
191
(e)
42
47
232
554
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
56
87
117
103
79
70
15
(f)
(f)
(f)
762
857
293
800
627
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
988
809
1,023
818
84
158
30
715
1,261
168
1,339
1,344
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
1,529
1,004
1,096
1,195
911
994
989
702
481
605
1,025
1,480
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
1,189
1,063
988
951
34
155
172
832
577
439
199
98
72
105
83
61
70
47
38
39
26
50
3
16
1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555
374
271
386
395
675
668
375
550
461
593
489
462
476
319
252
454
235
407
250
304
301
310
287
276
254
305
5
29
60
68
65
93
110
126
67
59
30
16
61
494
353
374
483
428
515
372
504
468
543
516
248
441
1,423
1,420
1,369
1,597
1,540
1,456
1,466
1,220
1,291
1,258
1,316
1,034
1,365
751
934
984
904
861
794
1,080
1,048
1,038
951
1,076
1,092
960
41
7
7
17
7
6
4
18
4,159
3,989
4,301
4,402
4,730
4,655
4,387
4,385
4,272
4,187
4,228
3,556
4,271
240
174
218
322
178
202
198
349
255
251
235
155
232
419
529
426
455
321
228
299
397
287
226
182
332
341
389
255
367
238
361
217
309
420
299
335
397
332
328
20
20
74
76
125
119
150
67
35
13
(s)
59
479
255
403
405
395
366
240
167
286
183
93
99
281
979
1,032
1,284
1,109
1,440
1,431
1,318
1,332
1,557
1,362
1,557
1,520
1,328
898
601
763
847
720
887
924
678
837
759
796
847
797
10
14
8
10
16
10
10
39
10
3,850
3,094
3,713
3,780
4,045
3,825
3,793
3,900
3,921
3,411
3,529
3,570
3,707
94
114
103
191
207
199
249
290
268
474
348
414
89
59
75
1,462
1,464
1,463
687
807
744
1
31
15
3,314
3,398
3,354
211
310
209
170
471
324
326
286
20
16
372
426
1,004
1,421
757
840
12
21
3,491
4,077
Algeriaa
Angolab
Ecuadorc
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
(a)
(a)
8
282
488
187
280
234
225
278
264
382
452
478
657
670
548
493
510
358
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
508
513
460
393
346
(c)
(c)
(c)
57
27
67
49
(c)
c
( )
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
221
185
212
206
22
16
0
2
28
46
518
0
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
415
459
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
269
256
325
259
300
236
213
303
175
186
199
179
242
385
230
175
253
249
378
285
153
237
183
157
116
233
100
244
174
201
199
248
176
180
218
122
151
155
180
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
194
17
74
160
168
88
112
105
136
66
144
110
115
223
198
98
167
328
271
242
376
226
207
125
136
217
2014 January ........................

February ......................
2-Month Average .......
68
79
73
2013 2-Month Average .......

110
262
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Iraq
Kuwaitd
a Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 19601968, Algeria is included in "Total

Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
b Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 19602006, Angola is included in
"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
c Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 19731992, and rejoined OPEC in
November 2007. For 19601972 and 19932007, Ecuador is included in "Total
d Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 1971, imports from the Neutral Zone are
reported as originating in either Kuwait or Saudi Arabia depending on the country
reported to U.S. Customs.
e Libya joined OPEC in 1962. For 1960 and 1961, Libya is included in "Total
f Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 19601970, Nigeria is included in "Total
g Includes these countries in the years indicated:
Gabon (19751994),
Indonesia (19622008), Iran (1960 forward), Qatar (1961 forward), and United Arab
Emirates (1967 forward).
=No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
44
Otherg
Total
OPEC
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in

Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on
Table 3.3d. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2013 and 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries

Brazil
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Russiaa
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands
Other
Total
Non-OPEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
1
0
2
5
3
61
49
8
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
309
272
253
120
323
766
846
455
770
934
1,332
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
2,493
2,479
2,535
2,729
42
51
46
9
4
23
182
219
342
296
260
195
176
196
155
155
200
276
365
433
16
48
42
71
533
816
755
1,068
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
1,302
1,210
1,284
1,206
NA
1
39
19
2
58
55
15
30
43
66
87
101
151
174
128
168
140
108
100
NA
0
0
17
144
32
102
273
343
341
393
270
244
233
196
142
102
108
89
113
0
0
3
14
1
8
45
25
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
465
563
612
624
(s)
(s)
11
14
176
310
189
383
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
236
245
256
159
NA
0
189
406
388
247
282
278
291
268
236
288
330
328
328
346
320
277
253
186
NA
606
1,027
1,052
903
913
1,128
1,233
1,581
1,631
1,649
1,766
2,008
2,413
2,446
1,839
1,416
1,307
1,112
1,077
581
1,029
2,126
2,454
2,609
3,237
3,721
4,833
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
6,961
6,915
6,887
6,881
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
321
286
357
237
212
297
270
289
152
90
123
85
226
3,032
3,057
2,953
2,987
2,966
3,070
2,921
2,954
2,759
2,642
2,870
3,153
2,946
431
474
482
472
430
515
413
409
357
376
459
387
433
1,114
1,081
1,004
1,002
1,012
915
1,024
1,016
1,096
1,062
1,065
1,026
1,035
101
93
143
84
111
151
138
97
75
69
72
52
99
46
163
87
51
94
82
47
94
63
67
80
35
75
572
288
326
388
547
655
491
368
562
552
445
523
477
168
127
187
145
138
194
131
197
111
117
126
144
149
96
28
1
12
2
(s)
1
12
870
904
764
831
875
891
971
1,071
1,029
882
712
682
874
6,751
6,501
6,304
6,208
6,387
6,769
6,407
6,495
6,203
5,860
5,953
6,088
6,327
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
106
79
123
96
193
182
179
226
242
88
127
103
146
3,433
3,416
3,004
3,163
2,842
2,864
3,008
3,076
3,072
3,213
3,104
3,324
3,125
351
366
479
465
389
356
588
375
314
384
302
293
389
1,068
978
677
973
885
846
930
912
839
878
1,014
1,030
919
120
120
121
80
88
74
69
85
58
83
85
90
89
48
10
69
40
26
80
68
36
56
114
52
52
54
327
454
454
579
552
513
453
572
458
555
326
265
459
116
95
111
131
170
198
192
163
149
160
124
146
147
624
623
705
769
862
853
965
852
871
706
645
629
759
6,193
6,141
5,743
6,296
6,007
5,965
6,450
6,297
6,059
6,181
5,779
5,932
6,087
2014 January ........................

February ......................
126
181
152
3,437
3,211
3,330
373
320
348
1,030
864
951
105
105
105
36
88
61
202
365
279
140
68
106
500
552
525
5,950
5,754
5,857

93
304
3,425
3,044
358
452
1,025
1,098
120
98
30
103
387
435
106
148
63
623
887
6,168
6,630
a Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the
former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table 3.3c are included
on this table. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50

beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2013 and 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
45
Figure 3.4
Petroleum Stocks
Overview, 19492013
2.0
Total
BIllion Barrels
1.5
1.0
Crude Oil
Petroleum Products
0.5
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 19492013

SPR
Million Barrels
750
500
Non-SPR
250
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Overview, Monthly
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected Products, Monthly
2.0
300
Total
250
Motor Gasoline
Million Barrels
Billion Barrels
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
Petroleum Products
200
150
100
Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuela
Propaneb
0.5
50
Residual Fuel Oil

0.0
0
2012
a
2013
2014
Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.

Includes propylene.
Notes: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Stocks are at end of
b
46
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S OND
2012
2013
2014
period.
Source: Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oila
SPRc
Non-SPRd,e
LPGb
Totale
Distillate
Fuel Oilf
Jet
Fuelg
Propaneh
Total
Motor
Gasolinei
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherj
Total
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
108
493
586
592
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
727
696
248
266
240
220
276
271
358
321
323
303
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
326
325
333
331
248
266
240
220
276
271
466
814
908
895
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,028
1,052
1,060
1,027
72
111
138
155
195
209
205
144
132
130
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
166
164
149
(g)
3
7
19
28
30
42
40
52
40
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
43
41
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82
65
39
49
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
50
49
55
2
7
23
30
67
125
120
74
98
93
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
102
108
112
116
165
195
175
209
235
261
223
220
202
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
214
223
219
223
41
39
45
56
54
74
92
50
49
37
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
37
41
34
104
123
137
181
188
188
205
174
162
165
164
166
152
147
153
157
169
156
162
153
158
164
583
715
785
836
1,018
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ...........
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
695
695
695
695
343
348
373
383
388
388
373
362
370
376
379
365
1,039
1,044
1,069
1,079
1,084
1,084
1,069
1,058
1,065
1,071
1,074
1,061
147
139
134
125
121
120
126
127
127
119
118
135
42
41
39
40
40
38
40
43
44
45
41
40
48
43
45
50
56
62
69
73
76
75
73
68
101
96
103
116
133
147
160
170
175
168
158
141
234
231
219
211
205
208
210
201
201
203
215
231
34
36
37
35
33
37
36
34
36
37
37
34
175
180
184
179
180
177
173
166
172
167
167
167
1,773
1,767
1,783
1,784
1,796
1,810
1,813
1,801
1,819
1,810
1,810
1,808
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
378
385
392
396
392
376
367
363
371
384
377
358
1,073
1,081
1,088
1,092
1,088
1,072
1,063
1,059
1,067
1,080
1,072
1,054
131
122
119
118
122
122
126
129
129
117
121
127
40
41
40
41
41
40
39
39
41
39
37
37
56
47
41
42
48
55
60
65
68
62
56
45
121
108
103
111
127
142
153
168
172
159
138
113
234
227
225
221
222
225
223
217
219
214
217
228
35
38
37
40
39
37
38
35
36
36
36
38
177
175
182
183
179
178
176
172
168
167
170
163
1,812
1,791
1,793
1,807
1,817
1,818
1,818
1,821
1,832
1,812
1,792
1,760
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
E 696
E 693
1950 Year
1955 Year
1960 Year
1965 Year
1970 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
696
696
364
R 373
E 382
E 398
1,060
R 1,069
E 1,078
E 1,091
115
R 113
E 113
E 114

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or
commercial storage agreements.
d All crude oil stocks other than those in SPR.
e Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
f Excludes stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in
2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel
oil.
g Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19522004, also
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.").
h Includes propylene.
i Includes finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components;
excludes oxygenates. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas.
j Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
38
38
E 36
E 39
31
R 28
E 27
E 35
88
R 81
RF 82
F 98
236
228
E 213
E 213
37
37
E 37
E 36
170
R 177
RE 176
E 185
1,743
R 1,743
E 1,736
E 1,776
lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished

oils, waxes, miscellaneous products, oxygenates, renewable fuels, and other
hydrocarbons. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in
1964, also includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in
2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of
beginning in 1973.
reports. 19812012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2013
and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current
two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
47
Figure 3.5
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline, 19492013

24
Total Petroleum
18
12
Motor Gasolinea
6
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected Products,19492013
12
Motor Gasolinea
9
6
Residual Fuel Oil
Distillate Fuel Oilb
3
Jet Fuelc
Propaned
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Selected Products, Monthly
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Petroleum, JanuaryApril
12
24
Motor Gasolinea
9
18
12
18.326
18.582
18.714
2012
2013
2014

6
3 Residual Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel
Propaned
0
0
2012
2014
2013
a

Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
c
b
48
d
Includes propylene.
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Source: Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Asphalt
and
Aviation
Road Oil Gasoline
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355
108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15
1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,851
2,866
2,868
3,021
3,207
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
3,945
3,631
3,800
3,899
(c)
154
371
602
967
1,001
1,068
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
1,432
1,425
323
320
271
267
263
159
158
114
43
54
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
18
20
12
NA
NA
NA
NA
776
783
754
883
917
1,096
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
1,154
1,160
1,160
1,153
234
404
621
841
1,224
1,333
1,469
1,599
1,556
1,899
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
1,954
2,051
2,173
2,204
106
116
117
129
136
137
159
145
164
156
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
131
118
131
125
2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,675
6,579
6,831
7,235
7,789
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
8,989
8,997
8,993
8,753
41
67
149
202
212
247
237
264
339
365
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
464
427
376
361
1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,462
2,508
1,202
1,229
852
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
622
511
535
461
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
201
220
234
327
383
455
464
497
445
374
282
201
340
12
11
14
14
17
13
20
13
15
14
10
9
14
3,861
3,923
3,715
3,719
3,756
3,732
3,557
3,743
3,674
3,852
3,848
3,529
3,741
1,308
1,351
1,381
1,350
1,409
1,546
1,468
1,470
1,378
1,353
1,381
1,381
1,398
6
27
7
2
8
2
(s)
(s)
4
3
3
2
5
1,436
1,358
1,134
1,005
1,037
1,033
990
1,043
1,095
1,239
1,277
1,452
1,175
2,497
2,439
2,232
2,098
2,086
2,037
2,058
2,136
2,149
2,344
2,390
2,548
2,251
121
139
110
125
122
108
107
110
106
112
121
92
114
8,190
8,598
8,582
8,741
8,979
8,996
8,810
9,154
8,561
8,701
8,483
8,389
8,682
403
304
317
345
385
385
345
411
374
309
378
366
360
452
393
412
423
317
364
458
401
376
311
323
196
369
1,253
1,238
1,160
1,067
1,128
1,219
1,228
1,221
1,010
1,331
1,309
1,408
1,215
18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
223
212
237
295
294
410
451
464
466
378
257
179
323
11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12
4,055
3,975
3,772
3,871
3,772
3,668
3,568
3,727
3,713
4,095
3,863
3,951
3,835
1,297
1,320
1,369
1,414
1,416
1,431
1,519
1,525
1,419
1,452
1,421
1,439
1,419
9
7
15
5
2
2
1
3
4
4
3
19
6
1,693
1,597
1,376
1,148
924
979
1,052
1,036
1,093
1,313
1,412
1,535
1,261
2,767
2,753
2,498
2,245
2,038
2,025
2,222
2,144
2,217
2,508
2,706
2,793
2,408
127
125
126
110
129
141
118
118
125
117
100
113
121
8,218
8,412
8,616
8,766
8,983
8,965
9,056
9,088
8,918
8,821
8,747
8,675
8,774
369
281
306
293
360
402
357
415
393
325
434
303
354
350
304
431
284
215
303
362
403
349
305
330
218
321
1,220
1,259
1,095
1,259
1,327
1,362
1,376
1,191
1,502
1,257
1,538
1,383
1,313
18,646
18,659
18,476
18,553
18,551
18,724
19,046
19,091
19,116
19,273
19,413
19,081
18,887
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
4-Month Average ...
177
10
4,272
1,371
18
1,703
2,916
108
8,206
432
269
1,143
18,921
R 205
RF 249
F 297
E 232
R7
F 10
F 12
E 10
R 4,182
E 3,803
E 4,036
E 4,071
R 1,373
E 1,436
E 1,409
E 1,398
R5
RF 16
F8
E 12
R 1,442
E 1,142
E 950
E 1,309
R 2,600
RF 2,442
F 2,228
E 2,548
R 117
RF 105
F 121
E 112
R 8,699
E 8,815
E 8,649
E 8,589
R 299
F 318
F 327
E 345
R 207
E 243
E 278
E 250
R 1,301
RE 1,078
E 1,080
E 1,147
R 18,994
E 18,516
E 18,445
E 18,714

242
245
11
13
3,917
3,803
1,351
1,348
9
10
1,452
1,233
2,564
2,316
122
124
8,503
8,525
313
343
344
421
1,207
1,179
18,582
18,326
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a Liquefied petroleum gases.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

c Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 19522004, also
d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual
fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500
barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review
data system calculations.
49
Figure 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total, 19492013
50
Quadrillion Btu
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Petroleum Products Supplied as Share of Total Energy Consumption, 19492013

50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
By Product, April 2014

1.6
1.354
Quadrillion Btu
1.2
0.8
0.705
0.4
0.240
0.059
0.0
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
0.002
Aviation
0.238
0.001
Distillate
Gasoline Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel
Kerosene
b
a
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
50
0.181
0.022
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline
0.059
0.052
Petroleum
Residual
Coke
Fuel Oil
Other d
All petroleum products not separately displayed.

Sources: Tables 1.1 and 3.6.
Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Trillion Btu)
Asphalt
Aviation
and
Road Oil Gasoline
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859
199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27
2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
6,061
6,110
6,098
6,422
6,818
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
8,921
8,411
7,720
8,080
8,289
(c)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,047
2,190
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950
668
662
563
553
544
329
329
236
88
112
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
30
36
41
25
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,097
1,059
1,236
1,284
1,534
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
1,620
1,624
1,624
1,614
343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,807
1,976
2,103
2,059
2,512
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,748
2,824
2,682
2,700
2,733
2,574
2,664
2,821
2,839
236
258
259
286
301
304
354
322
362
346
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
291
262
291
276
5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
12,798
12,648
13,098
13,872
14,825
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
17,689
17,168
17,135
17,127
16,670
90
147
328
444
465
542
522
582
745
802
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
1,077
1,022
938
826
794
3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,649
5,772
2,759
2,820
1,955
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
1,432
1,173
1,228
1,058
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676
13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
32,732
34,205
30,925
33,552
34,556
38,402
38,333
38,400
39,051
40,593
40,732
40,420
40,358
38,101
36,321
37,082
36,464
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
41
42
48
65
79
91
95
102
89
77
56
41
827
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
25
697
663
671
650
678
652
642
676
642
696
672
637
7,977
230
222
243
230
248
263
258
258
234
238
235
243
2,901
1
4
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
11
171
151
135
116
123
119
118
124
126
147
147
173
1,649
274
252
245
222
228
214
223
233
227
258
255
282
2,912
23
24
21
23
23
20
20
21
19
21
22
17
254
1,325
1,301
1,388
1,369
1,453
1,408
1,425
1,481
1,340
1,408
1,328
1,357
16,584
75
53
59
62
72
70
64
77
68
58
68
68
794
88
72
80
80
62
69
89
78
71
61
61
38
849
221
208
208
184
200
212
219
217
176
236
226
252
2,558
2,978
2,843
2,967
2,886
3,046
3,000
3,040
3,145
2,869
3,054
2,926
2,937
35,691
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
46
39
49
59
61
82
93
95
93
78
51
37
782
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22
732
648
681
676
681
641
644
673
649
739
675
714
8,154
228
210
241
241
249
243
267
268
241
255
242
253
2,937
2
1
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
3
13
201
171
164
132
110
113
125
123
126
156
162
183
1,766
308
277
278
240
223
214
244
235
233
276
289
309
3,125
24
21
24
20
24
26
22
22
23
22
18
21
267
1,330
1,229
1,394
1,372
1,453
1,404
1,465
1,470
1,396
1,427
1,369
1,403
16,714
69
47
57
53
67
73
67
78
71
61
78
57
777
68
53
84
54
42
57
71
79
66
59
62
43
738
218
204
195
217
236
233
249
213
257
227
264
250
2,764
3,025
2,732
3,006
2,934
3,039
2,975
3,125
3,136
3,032
3,147
3,052
3,090
36,294
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
2
1
771
241
203
20
1,328
81
52
206
3,065
R 38
R 682
R 218
R1
R 155
R 260
R 20
R 1,271
R 50
R 37
R 210
R 2,787
RF 51
F2
E 687
E 252
RF 3
E 136
RF 269
RF 20
E 1,426
F 59
E 47
RE 205
E 3,022
F 59
F2
E 705
E 240
F1
E 109
F 238
F 22
E 1,354
F 59
E 52
E 181
E 2,913
E 185
E6
E 2,845
E 951
E8
E 603
E 1,091
E 82
E 5,379
E 250
E 189
E 802
E 11,788
2013 4-Month Total .......

2012 4-Month Total .......
193
197
6
8
2,738
2,681
919
924
6
7
669
572
1,102
994
89
91
5,325
5,383
226
250
259
320
835
821
11,698
11,675
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
36
a Liquefied petroleum gases.


d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
325
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5
trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
51
Figure 3.7
Petroleum Consumption by Sector
By Sector, 19492013
16
Transportation
12
8
Industriala
4
Residential and Commerciala
Electric Power
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

16
12.857
12
8
5.085
4
0.567
0.323
0.162
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric Power
Sector Shares, 1949 and 2013

1949
2013
80
70
Percent
60
54
40
28
26
20
10
3
0
Residential
Commercial
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
52
Industrial
Transportation
Electric Power

Sources: Tables 3.7a3.7c.
Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
390
562
736
805
883
850
617
514
460
426
424
427
404
438
433
402
335
342
354
276
266
248
168
179
171
161
144
78
51
77
31
36
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
13
14
9
104
144
217
275
392
365
222
224
252
282
395
375
384
389
364
366
318
345
394
391
379
362
662
885
1,123
1,242
1,419
1,293
890
815
742
743
865
849
817
861
839
809
685
708
758
680
659
619
123
177
232
251
276
276
243
297
252
225
230
239
209
233
221
210
189
181
181
187
185
186
23
24
23
26
30
24
20
16
6
11
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
2
2
28
38
58
74
102
92
63
68
73
78
107
102
101
112
108
94
88
87
113
99
100
105
52
69
35
40
45
46
56
50
58
10
23
20
24
32
23
24
26
32
24
28
28
24
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
185
209
243
281
311
214
245
99
100
62
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
31
31
27
23
411
519
590
672
764
653
626
530
489
385
415
406
376
434
416
389
343
337
351
348
343
339
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
380
319
259
190
188
195
182
228
184
163
215
238
228
4
19
5
1
6
1
(s)
(s)
3
2
2
2
4
317
310
284
267
265
259
262
271
273
298
304
324
286
701
648
548
458
459
455
443
500
460
463
521
564
518
280
235
191
140
138
143
134
168
135
120
158
176
168
1
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
109
106
97
91
91
89
90
93
94
102
104
111
98
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
23
23
23
23
23
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
23
19
15
11
11
12
11
14
11
10
13
14
14
434
387
328
266
266
268
258
300
264
256
299
324
304
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
303
311
244
189
119
87
85
110
124
89
140
167
163
6
5
10
3
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
14
4
352
350
317
285
259
257
282
272
282
319
344
355
306
661
666
572
477
380
346
368
384
409
410
486
536
474
223
229
180
139
88
64
63
81
92
66
103
123
120
1
1
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1
120
120
109
98
89
88
97
93
96
109
118
122
105
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
24
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
18
19
15
11
7
5
5
7
7
5
8
10
10
385
391
328
272
208
182
189
206
220
204
253
281
259
2014 January ......................

February ....................
190
233
210
13
4
9
370
330
351
573
567
570
140
172
155
2
1
1
127
113
120
22
23
23
(s)
(s)
(s)
11
14
13
302
323
312

307
350
6
11
351
314
663
675
226
258
1
2
120
107
22
23
(s)
(s)
18
21
388
411
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500
barrels per day.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
beginning in 1973.
53
Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355
328
466
476
541
577
630
621
526
541
532
563
611
566
551
570
594
594
595
637
509
547
586
132
116
78
80
89
58
87
21
6
7
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
2
2
4
2
100
212
333
470
699
844
1,172
1,285
1,215
1,527
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,560
1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
1,419
1,541
1,673
1,714
43
47
48
62
70
68
82
75
84
80
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
68
64
131
173
198
179
150
116
82
114
97
105
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
131
128
140
138
41
67
149
202
203
246
234
261
325
328
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
394
363
310
295
617
686
689
689
708
658
586
326
179
147
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
84
57
52
59
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272
1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
4,038
4,842
4,065
4,304
4,594
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,918
5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
4,559
4,272
4,500
4,484
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
201
220
234
327
383
455
464
497
445
374
282
201
340
721
808
631
619
598
513
393
454
552
699
722
524
602
1
5
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
1
2,041
1,994
1,825
1,715
1,705
1,665
1,683
1,746
1,757
1,917
1,954
2,084
1,841
62
71
57
64
63
55
55
56
55
58
62
47
59
122
128
128
130
134
134
131
136
127
129
126
125
129
338
250
288
317
351
347
304
368
332
272
338
327
319
38
33
35
36
27
28
36
33
31
27
27
15
30
1,253
1,238
1,160
1,067
1,128
1,219
1,228
1,221
1,010
1,331
1,309
1,408
1,215
4,777
4,747
4,358
4,275
4,389
4,417
4,293
4,510
4,310
4,808
4,821
4,731
4,536
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
223
212
237
295
294
410
451
464
466
378
257
179
323
928
802
685
719
686
596
506
577
644
941
816
873
731
2
1
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
4
1
2,262
2,251
2,042
1,836
1,666
1,656
1,816
1,753
1,812
2,050
2,212
2,284
1,969
65
64
65
56
67
72
61
61
64
60
51
58
62
122
125
128
130
134
133
135
135
133
131
130
129
130
315
229
255
245
293
333
289
345
327
266
385
246
294
28
25
36
24
18
25
29
34
28
25
28
17
27
1,220
1,259
1,095
1,259
1,327
1,362
1,376
1,191
1,502
1,257
1,538
1,383
1,313
5,166
4,970
4,545
4,564
4,485
4,588
4,663
4,559
4,978
5,110
5,418
5,173
4,850
2014 January ......................

February ....................
177
205
190
1,114
1,008
1,064
3
1
2
2,384
2,126
2,261
55
60
58
122
129
126
365
238
305
18
17
17
1,143
1,301
1,218
5,382
5,085
5,241

218
210
868
763
2
3
2,257
2,019
65
67
124
125
274
295
27
35
1,239
1,246
5,073
4,762
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
(s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
54
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
beginning in 1973.
Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

Electric Power Sectora
Transportation Sector
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15
226
372
418
514
738
998
1,311
1,491
1,722
1,973
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,629
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
2,738
2,626
2,764
2,849
(c)
154
371
602
967
992
1,062
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
1,432
1,425
2
9
13
23
32
31
13
21
16
13
8
10
10
13
14
20
20
16
29
20
21
24
64
70
68
67
66
70
77
71
80
76
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
64
57
64
61
2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
6,512
6,441
6,667
7,080
7,674
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
8,834
8,841
8,824
8,591
524
440
367
336
332
310
608
342
443
397
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
402
344
389
338
3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,951
9,546
9,838
10,888
11,668
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,286
13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
13,621
13,297
13,508
13,303
15
15
10
14
66
107
79
40
45
51
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
34
33
38
30
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
1
2
3
14
37
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
65
66
192
191
231
302
853
1,280
1,069
435
507
247
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
104
79
67
41
207
206
241
316
928
1,388
1,151
478
566
334
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
209
175
170
137
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
12
11
14
14
17
13
20
13
15
14
10
9
14
2,454
2,538
2,614
2,748
2,804
2,852
2,818
2,869
2,782
2,848
2,728
2,564
2,719
1,308
1,351
1,381
1,350
1,409
1,546
1,468
1,470
1,378
1,353
1,381
1,381
1,398
29
29
26
25
25
24
24
25
25
28
28
30
27
59
67
54
61
59
52
52
53
52
55
59
45
56
8,047
8,447
8,431
8,587
8,821
8,838
8,656
8,993
8,410
8,548
8,334
8,241
8,530
357
314
333
348
251
279
359
317
305
243
255
138
291
12,267
12,757
12,853
13,133
13,385
13,605
13,397
13,741
12,966
13,088
12,795
12,408
13,034
27
23
20
23
28
29
30
24
21
22
24
27
25
65
55
29
28
34
38
41
43
42
37
40
38
41
34
27
29
28
28
45
52
38
29
31
28
28
33
126
105
77
79
91
112
123
105
92
90
92
93
99
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12
2,568
2,610
2,643
2,803
2,853
2,898
2,881
2,937
2,832
2,981
2,780
2,756
2,796
1,297
1,320
1,369
1,414
1,416
1,431
1,519
1,525
1,419
1,452
1,421
1,439
1,419
33
32
29
26
24
24
26
25
26
30
32
33
28
62
61
61
53
63
68
57
57
61
57
48
55
59
8,074
8,264
8,465
8,612
8,825
8,807
8,896
8,929
8,761
8,666
8,593
8,522
8,620
254
223
353
219
162
240
279
330
283
246
268
152
251
12,298
12,519
12,932
13,140
13,357
13,484
13,675
13,817
13,392
13,442
13,156
12,964
13,186
32
24
21
22
26
22
34
22
22
19
24
32
25
54
52
51
49
66
70
68
70
66
59
48
57
59
50
37
28
29
28
32
48
33
30
28
27
39
34
136
113
100
99
120
124
150
125
117
106
99
128
118
2014 January ......................

February ....................
10
7
9
2,670
2,723
2,695
1,371
1,373
1,372
34
31
33
52
57
54
8,062
8,546
8,292
102
121
111
12,301
12,857
12,565
159
46
105
67
60
64
138
55
99
363
162
267

10
12
2,588
2,495
1,308
1,329
33
29
61
63
8,164
8,240
239
336
12,403
12,503
28
25
53
60
44
31
125
116
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.7b.)
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note
1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.
beginning in 1973.
55
Figure 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492013

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
3
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
1
Residual Fuel Oil
LPGb
Kerosene
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Industriala Sector, Selected Products

3.0
2.5
LPGb
2.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.5
1.0
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0.5
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Transportation Sector, Selected Products

20
15
Motor Gasolinec
10

Jet Fuele
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
a
b
c
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodie-
56
1985
1990
1995
sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Figure 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
0.20
0.15
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.10
0.05
LPGb
Residual Fuel Oil
0.00
J
F M A M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014
Industriala Sector, Selected Products

0.3
LPGb
0.2
Distillate Fuel Oil

0.1
Asphalt and Road Oil
0.0
J
F M A M J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2014
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2014
S O N D
Transportation Sector, Selected Products

1.8
Motor Gasolinec
1.2
0.6
Jet Fuele
0.0
J
F M A M J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2013
a
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into
S O N D
distillate fuel oil.

e
57
Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,807
1,316
1,092
978
905
905
908
860
932
924
854
712
726
756
587
566
527
347
371
354
334
298
161
107
159
64
74
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
21
28
29
19
146
202
305
385
549
512
311
314
352
395
555
526
537
544
512
513
446
484
553
547
530
506
1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,547
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,330
1,161
1,125
1,052
262
377
494
534
587
587
518
631
536
479
491
508
444
496
470
447
401
384
387
398
394
395
47
51
48
54
61
49
41
33
12
22
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
4
4
5
3
39
54
81
103
143
129
88
95
102
109
150
143
141
157
152
131
123
121
158
139
140
146
100
133
67
77
86
89
107
96
111
18
45
37
45
60
45
46
49
61
46
53
53
45
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
424
480
559
645
714
492
565
228
230
141
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
71
71
62
54
872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
807
790
726
843
810
762
664
651
666
666
655
644
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
69
54
47
33
34
34
33
41
32
29
38
43
487
1
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
8
38
34
34
31
32
30
31
32
31
35
35
39
402
107
92
81
64
66
64
64
74
64
65
73
82
896
50
40
34
24
25
25
24
30
24
22
28
32
358
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
13
12
12
11
11
10
11
11
11
12
12
13
138
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
31
72
59
53
41
42
41
41
48
40
40
46
51
574
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
55
51
44
33
22
15
15
20
22
16
24
30
347
1
1
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
9
42
38
38
33
31
30
34
32
32
38
40
42
428
98
89
84
66
53
45
49
53
55
54
64
75
784
40
37
32
24
16
11
11
15
16
12
18
22
256
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
14
13
13
11
11
10
12
11
11
13
14
14
147
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
22
62
57
52
41
32
26
28
31
32
30
37
43
471
2014 January ....................

February ..................
2-Month Total .........
34
38
72
2
1
3
44
35
80
81
74
155
25
28
53
(s)
(s)
(s)
15
12
27
4
3
7
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
5
47
46
93
2013 2-Month Total .........

2012 2-Month Total .........
105
122
2
4
79
72
187
198
78
90
(s)
1
27
25
7
7
(s)
(s)
7
8
119
131
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
58
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.

See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
beginning in 1973.
Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859
698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,339
1,324
1,119
1,150
1,131
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,171
1,214
1,264
1,263
1,265
1,359
1,081
1,163
1,246
274
241
161
165
185
119
181
44
12
15
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
4
4
7
4
156
323
507
712
953
1,123
1,559
1,664
1,582
1,990
2,228
2,014
2,160
2,028
2,141
2,009
2,104
2,106
1,823
1,950
2,121
2,152
94
103
107
137
155
149
182
166
186
178
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
150
135
149
142
251
332
381
342
288
223
158
218
185
200
150
295
309
324
372
356
376
306
250
244
267
262
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
41
42
48
65
79
91
95
102
89
77
56
41
827
130
136
114
108
108
90
71
82
97
126
126
95
1,283
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
220
203
197
178
183
171
178
186
182
207
204
226
2,335
12
13
11
12
12
10
10
11
10
11
11
9
130
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
46
39
49
59
61
82
93
95
93
78
51
37
782
168
131
124
126
124
104
91
104
113
170
143
158
1,554
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
248
223
223
193
179
172
196
188
187
222
232
248
2,510
2014 January ....................

February ..................
36
38
75
201
164
366
1
(s)
1
2013 2-Month Total .........

2012 2-Month Total .........
85
84
298
267
1
1
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
90
147
328
444
446
540
516
575
714
721
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
906
868
799
682
648
1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,509
1,349
748
411
337
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
194
130
120
135
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676
3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,588
9,076
9,181
9,171
9,235
9,831
9,640
9,780
9,461
8,600
7,827
8,188
8,125
20
19
21
20
22
21
21
22
20
21
20
20
247
63
44
54
57
66
63
57
69
60
51
61
61
704
7
6
7
7
5
5
7
6
6
5
5
3
70
221
208
208
184
200
212
219
217
176
236
226
252
2,558
715
671
659
631
674
662
659
695
638
734
710
707
8,156
12
11
12
10
13
13
11
11
12
11
9
11
137
20
18
21
20
22
21
22
22
21
21
20
21
249
59
39
48
44
55
60
54
64
59
50
70
46
647
6
4
7
4
4
5
6
7
5
5
5
3
61
218
204
195
217
236
233
249
213
257
227
264
250
2,764
775
670
679
674
692
689
722
705
746
784
794
774
8,706
261
209
470
10
10
21
20
19
39
68
40
108
3
3
6
206
210
415
807
693
1,501
471
423
23
24
38
39
97
107
10
13
422
429
1,445
1,386
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
beginning in 1973.
59
Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sectora
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27
480
791
892
1,093
1,569
2,121
2,795
3,170
3,661
4,195
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,590
5,932
6,076
6,414
6,457
5,837
5,584
5,876
6,057
(c)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,029
2,179
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950
3
13
19
32
44
43
18
30
23
18
12
14
14
18
19
28
27
22
40
28
29
34
141
155
152
149
147
155
172
156
176
168
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
141
127
141
134
4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
12,485
12,383
12,784
13,575
14,607
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
16,962
17,043
17,197
17,321
16,872
16,838
16,807
16,363
1,201
1,009
844
770
761
711
1,398
786
1,016
911
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
926
791
892
776
6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
23,070
25,820
25,557
26,085
26,222
27,219
27,645
28,105
28,335
27,038
26,277
26,736
26,341
32
32
22
29
141
226
169
85
97
108
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
89
73
70
80
64
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
2
5
7
30
81
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
171
154
139
144
146
440
439
530
693
1,958
2,937
2,459
998
1,163
566
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
240
181
154
93
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
303
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
25
443
429
472
480
506
498
509
518
486
514
477
463
5,796
230
222
243
230
248
263
258
258
234
238
235
243
2,901
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
37
11
12
10
11
11
10
10
10
9
10
11
8
123
1,302
1,278
1,364
1,344
1,427
1,384
1,400
1,455
1,317
1,383
1,305
1,333
16,293
70
57
65
66
49
53
70
62
57
47
48
27
671
2,061
2,003
2,159
2,136
2,247
2,212
2,253
2,308
2,109
2,198
2,080
2,079
25,847
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
53
12
10
5
5
6
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
90
7
5
6
5
6
9
10
7
6
6
5
6
77
24
18
15
14
17
20
23
20
17
17
17
18
219
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22
464
426
477
490
515
506
520
530
495
538
486
498
5,945
228
210
241
241
249
243
267
268
241
255
242
253
2,937
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
40
12
10
11
10
12
12
11
11
11
11
9
10
130
1,306
1,208
1,369
1,348
1,428
1,379
1,439
1,445
1,372
1,402
1,345
1,379
16,420
49
39
69
41
32
45
54
64
53
48
50
30
576
2,065
1,897
2,173
2,135
2,240
2,192
2,297
2,323
2,177
2,259
2,138
2,174
26,071
6
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
4
3
4
6
53
10
9
9
9
12
13
13
13
12
11
9
11
130
10
6
6
6
5
6
9
6
6
5
5
8
78
26
19
19
18
23
22
28
24
21
20
18
24
262
2014 January ....................

February ..................
2
1
3
482
444
926
241
218
459
4
3
7
10
10
19
1,304
1,249
2,553
20
21
41
2,063
1,946
4,009
29
7
36
12
10
23
27
10
37
68
27
95
2013 2-Month Total .........

2012 2-Month Total .........
3
4
889
872
438
452
7
7
22
23
2,514
2,580
89
127
3,962
4,064
10
9
19
22
16
12
45
42
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.8b.)
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
60
petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total heat content of
petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum
products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of
petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"
in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption. Total petroleum products supplied is the
sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product,
crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of these except crude oil, product supplied
is calculated by adding refinery production, natural gas
plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,
imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock
additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oil product
supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at
pipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813,
Monthly Crude Oil Report. Prior to 1983, crude oil
burned on leases and used at pipeline pump stations was
reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was
included as product supplied for these products. Petroleum product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term Petroleum Consumption in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
Note 2. Petroleum Survey Respondents. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of
sources and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.
On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry
publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for
information on facilities or companies starting up or closing
down operations. Those sources are augmented by articles
in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating
changes in status, and information received from survey
systems.
To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide
more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames investigation is conducted every 3 years. This investigation results in
the reassessment and recompilation of the complete frame
for each survey. The effort also includes the evaluation of
the impact of potential frame changes on the historical time
series of data from these respondents. The results of this
frame study are usually implemented in January to provide a
full year under the same frame.
Note 3. Historical Petroleum Data. Detailed information
on petroleum data through 1993 can be found in Notes 16
on pages 60 and 61 in the July 2013 Monthly Energy Review
(MER) at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/archive/00351307.pdf.
The notes discuss:

Note 1, Petroleum Survey Respondents: In 1993, EIA
added numerous companies that produce, blend, store, or
import oxygenates to the monthly surveys.
Note 2, Motor Gasoline: In 1981, EIA expanded its
universe to include nonrefinery blenders and separated
blending components from finished motor gasoline as a
reporting category. In 1993, EIA made adjustments to
finished motor gasoline product supplied data to more
accurately account for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline
blending components blended into finished motor gasoline.
Note 3, Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils: In 1981, EIA

eliminated the requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or
burned on leases as either distillate or residual fuel oil.
Note 4, Petroleum New Stock Basis: In 1975, 1979,
1981, and 1983, EIA added numerous respondents to bulk
terminal and pipeline surveys; in 1984, EIA made changes
in the reporting of natural gas liquids; and in 1993, EIA
changed how it collected bulk terminal and pipeline stocks
of oxygenates. These changes affected stocks reported and
stock change calculations.
Note 5, Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil: In 1981, EIA began
to include data for stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
Note 6, Petroleum Data Discrepancies: In 1976, 1978,
and 1979, there are some small discrepancies between data
in the MER and the Petroleum Supply Annual.
Table 3.1 Sources

19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19761980:
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports.
19812001: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual
reports.
2002 forward: EIA, PSA, annual reports, and unpublished
revisions; Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
revisions to crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments (based on crude oil production data from: state
government agencies; U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and
predecessor agencies; and Form EIA-182, Domestic Crude
Oil First Purchase Report); and, for the current two
months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Table 3.6 Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel
Oil, Kerosene, Propane, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke,
and Residual Fuel Oil
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for these
petroleum products are from Table 3.5, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content
factors in Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for
kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004, naphtha-type jet
fuel are from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply
Monthly (PSM), and earlier publications (see sources for
Table 3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Total jet fuel product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
61
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Total

Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for the component products of
LPG
(ethane/ethylene,
propane/propylene,
normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) are from the
PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table
3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying
by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1. Total
LPG product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu
for the LPG component products.
For the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total LPG are from Table 3.5,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the LPG
heat content factors in Table A3.
Motor Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for motor
gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu
by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in
Table A3.
Other Petroleum Products
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for other petroleum products
are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see
sources for Table 3.5). Other petroleum products
include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special
naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products; beginning in 1981, also includes negative
barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both
primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline
blending components; beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel; and beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. These data are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat
content factors in MER Table A1. Total Other petroleum product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for the individual products.
For the current two months, total Other petroleum
products supplied is calculated by first estimating total
petroleum products supplied (product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total petroleum from Table 3.5
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total
petroleum consumption heat content factor in Table A3),
and then subtracting data in trillion Btu (from Table 3.6) for
asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet
fuel, kerosene, total LPG, lubricants, motor gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil.
Total Petroleum
Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the products (except Propane) shown in
Table 3.6.
62
Tables 3.7a3.7c Sources

Petroleum consumption data for 19491972 are from the
following sources:
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
19601972: EIA, State Energy Data System.
Petroleum consumption data beginning in 1973 are derived
from data for petroleum products supplied from the
following sources:
Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19761980: EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19812012: EIA, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual
reports, and unpublished revisions.
2013 and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly
reports.
Beginning in 1973, energy-use allocation procedures by
individual product are as follows:
Asphalt and Road Oil
All consumption of asphalt and road oil is assigned to the
industrial sector.
Aviation Gasoline
All consumption of aviation gasoline is assigned to the
transportation sector.
Distillate Fuel Oil
Distillate fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum (minus small amounts of kerosene
and kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in gas
turbine and internal combustion plants. For 19802000,
electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed
to be the amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total distillate fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric power
sector. The end-use total consumed annually is allocated to
the individual end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are

based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is
directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including
farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is
sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm)
in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the
sum of the sales for industrial, farm, oil company,
off-highway diesel, and all other uses. Through 1978,
each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial
category is split into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and this estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company, off-highway diesel, and all other uses.
The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales
for railroad, vessel bunkering, on-highway diesel, and
military uses for all years.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Monthly
Residential sector and commercial sector monthly
consumption is estimated by allocating the annual
estimates, which are described above, into the months in
proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of
No. 2 heating oil. (For each month of the current year,
the residential and commercial consumption increase
from the same month in the previous year is based on the
percent increase in that months No. 2 heating oil sales
from the same month in the previous year.) The years
No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following
sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly
Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the
American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating
Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users
and for Resale.
The transportation highway use portion is allocated into
the months in proportion to each month's share of the
year's total sales for highway use as reported by the
Federal Highway Administration's Table MF-25,
"Private and Commercial Highway Use of Special Fuels
by Months." Beginning in 1994, the sales-for-highwayuse data are no longer available as a monthly series; the
1993 data are used for allocating succeeding year's totals
into months.
A distillate fuel oil balance is calculated as total distillate

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for
highway use.
Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months distillate fuel oil balance by the
annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate
fuel oil balance.
Total transportation sector monthly consumption is
estimated as total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the
amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
Jet Fuel
Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene-type jet fuel were
consumed by the electric power sector. Kerosene-type jet
fuel deliveries to the electric power sector as reported on
Form FERC-423 (formerly Form FPC-423) were used as
estimates of this consumption. Through 2004, all remaining
jet fuel (kerosene-type and naphtha-type) is assigned to the
transportation sector. Beginning in 2005, kerosene-type jet
fuel is assigned to the transportation sector, while naphthatype jet fuel is classified under Other Petroleum Products,
which is assigned to the industrial sector.
Kerosene
Kerosene product supplied is allocated to the individual
end-use sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial)
in proportion to each sectors share of sales as reported in
EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series
(DOE/EIA-0535), which is based primarily on data
collected by Form EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales Report (previously Form EIA-172).
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the
sum of the sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales category called "heating" is
allocated to the residential, commercial and industrial
sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares, and the estimated
industrial (including farm) portion is added to all other uses.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
The annual shares of LPG's total consumption that are
estimated to be used by each sector are applied to each
month's total LPG consumption to create monthly sector
63
consumption estimates. The annual sector shares are

calculated as described below.
Sales of LPG to the residential and commercial sectors
combined are converted from thousand gallons per year to
thousand barrels per year and are assumed to be the
annual consumption of LPG by the combined sectors.
Beginning in 2003, residential sector LPG consumption
is assumed to equal propane retail sales, with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial LPG
consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
Through 2002, residential sector LPG consumption is based
on the average of the state residential shares for 20032008,
with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial
LPG consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
The quantity of LPG sold each year for consumption in
internal combustion engines is allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors on the basis of data for
special fuels used on highways published by the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, in Highway Statistics. The allocations of LPG sold
for internal combustion engine use to the transportation
sector range from a low of 20 percent (in 2001) to a high of
80 percent (in 2008).
LPG consumed annually by the industrial sector is estimated
as the difference between LPG total product supplied and
the sum of the estimated LPG consumption by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. The industrial
sector LPG consumption includes LPG used by chemical
plants as raw materials or solvents and used in the production of synthetic rubber; refinery fuel use; use as synthetic
natural gas feedstock and use in secondary recovery
projects; all farm use; LPG sold to gas utility companies for
distribution through the mains; and a portion of the use of
LPG as an internal combustion engine fuel.
Sources of the annual sales data for creating annual energy
shares are:
19731982: EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by
Form EIA-174, Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.
1983: End-use consumption estimates for 1983 are based
on 1982 end-use consumption because the collection of data
under Form EIA-174 was discontinued after data year 1982.
1984 forward: American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales
of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,"
which is based on an LPG sales survey jointly sponsored
by API, the Gas Processors Association, and the National
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association. EIA adjusts the data
to remove quantities of pentanes plus and to estimate
withheld values.
Lubricants
The consumption of lubricants is allocated to the industrial
and transportation sectors for all months according to proportions developed from annual sales of lubricants to the two
64
sectors from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the

Census, Current Industrial Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and
Industrial Oils and Greases." The 1973 shares are applied to
1973 and 1974; the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976;
and the 1977 shares are applied to 1977 forward.
Motor Gasoline
The total monthly consumption of motor gasoline is
allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of
annual sales categories created on the basis of the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Tables MF-21, MF-24, and
MF-25, as follows:
Commercial sales are the sum of sales for public
non-highway use and miscellaneous and unclassified uses.
Industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture,
construction, and industrial and commercial use as classified in the Highway Statistics.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use
(minus the sales of special fuels, which are primarily diesel
fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of
distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.
Petroleum Coke
Portions of petroleum coke are consumed by the electric
power sector (see sources for Table 7.4b) and the commercial
sector (see sources for Table 7.4c). The remaining petroleum
coke is assigned to the industrial sector.
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum consumed in steam-electric power
plants. For 19802000, electric utility consumption of
residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount of heavy oil
(fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total residual fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector. The end-use total consumed annually is
allocated to the individual end-use sectors (commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIAs Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year
are based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:

Beginning in 1979, commercial sales data are directly
from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's sales
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is
allocated to the commercial and industrial sectors in
proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of
sales for industrial, oil company, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales subtotal of the heating
plus industrial category is allocated to the commercial
and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and the estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company and all other uses.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad,
vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Monthly
Commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
allocating the annual estimates, which are described
above, into the months in proportion to each month's
share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For each month
of the current year, the consumption increase from the same
month in the previous year is based on the percent increase in
that months No. 2 heating oil sales from the same month in
the previous year.) The years' No. 2 heating oil sales totals
are from the following sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl
Corporation, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981
and 1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report
of Heating Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form
EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End
Users and for Resale.
A residual fuel oil balance is calculated as total residual
fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the
electric power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial
combined-heat-and-power plants (see sources for Table
7.4c).
Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months residual fuel oil balance by the
annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil balance.
Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as
total residual fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by
the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors.
Consumption of all remaining petroleum products is
assigned to the industrial sector.
Other petroleum
products include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,
special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and

miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes
negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil
reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from
both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as
gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also
includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
Table 3.8a Sources

Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene, Petroleum Coke, and
Residual Fuel Oil
Residential and/or commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for these petroleum products are
from Table 3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1.
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for LPG are from Table 3.7a, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane
heat content factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7a, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Total Petroleum
Residential sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown
under Residential Sector in Table 3.8a. Commercial
sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Commercial Sector in Table 3.8a.
Table 3.8b Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene,
Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for these petroleum products are from Table 3.7b, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Industrial sector consumption data for LPG are calculated
by subtracting LPG consumption data in trillion Btu for
the residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and
transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total LPG
consumption (Table 3.6).
65
Motor Gasoline
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7b, and are
Industrial sector Other petroleum data are equal to the
Other petroleum data in Table 3.6.
Total Petroleum
Industrial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown in
Table 3.8b.
Table 3.8c Sources

Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel Oil, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Transportation and/or electric power sector consumption
data in thousand barrels per day for these petroleum
products are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels
66
per day for kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004,

naphtha-type jet fuel (see sources for Table 3.7c) are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate
heat content factors in Table A1. Total transportation sector
jet fuel consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for
kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
per day for LPG are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane heat content
factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are
Total Petroleum
Transportation sector total petroleum consumption is the
sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products
shown under Transportation Sector in Table 3.8c. Electric
power sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the
data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Electric Power Sector in Table 3.8c.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
.
4. Natural
Gas
Figure 4.1 Natural Gas

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Overview, 19492013
30
25
Consumption
20
Dry Production
15
10
Net Imports
5
0
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption by Sector, 19492013

12
10
Industrial
Electric Power
Residential
4
Commercial
Transportation
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Overview, Monthly
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption by Sector, Monthly
3.5
1.2
Electric Power
3.0
Consumption
Residential
0.9
2.5
2.0
0.6
Industrial
1.5
Dry Production
Commercial
1.0
0.3
Transportation
0.5
Net Imports
0.0
0.0
2012
2013
2014
2012
2013
2014
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas.

68
Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Gross
Withdrawalsa
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
21,104
21,870
19,607
21,523
23,744
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
25,636
26,057
26,816
28,479
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
Marketed
Production
(Wet)b
i 6,282
i 9,405
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Net
Storage
Withdrawalsf
19,403
16,454
17,810
18,599
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
20,159
20,624
21,316
22,902
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
126
123
110
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
61
65
65
60
0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469
26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506
-26
-20
144
430
751
880
936
894
1,447
2,687
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
3,021
2,679
2,604
1,963
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
23
235
-513
415
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
192
34
-355
-13
-354
-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-235
-640
-428
307
396
-306
99
65
44
461
236
103
-203
2
-103
115
-94
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
j 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477
NGPL
Dry Gas
Productionc Productiond
i 6,022
i 9,029
Supplemental
Gaseous
Fuelse
Trade
Balancing ConsumpItemg
tionh
20,180
17,270
18,594
19,506
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
20,196
21,112
21,648
22,382
24,036
260
377
543
753
906
872
777
816
784
908
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
953
1,024
1,066
1,134
2,571
2,360
2,524
2,417
2,491
2,377
2,465
2,374
2,410
2,557
2,471
2,524
29,542
2,155
1,976
2,121
2,047
2,123
2,042
2,164
2,154
2,097
2,171
2,104
2,155
25,308
106
98
105
101
105
101
107
106
104
107
104
106
1,250
2,048
1,879
2,016
1,946
2,018
1,941
2,057
2,048
1,993
2,064
2,000
2,048
24,058
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
61
281
270
265
243
259
260
281
281
258
253
234
252
3,138
130
130
141
123
133
125
118
139
137
140
142
159
1,619
151
140
124
120
126
135
163
142
121
113
92
94
1,519
553
467
-38
-141
-288
-236
-137
-169
-295
-246
129
392
-9
(s)
11
21
24
13
23
-21
-22
-19
-36
-58
-32
-96
2,757
2,502
2,129
1,953
1,874
1,867
2,067
2,003
1,805
1,901
2,168
2,507
25,533
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2,536
2,307
2,536
2,473
2,541
2,444
2,550
2,546
2,466
2,580
2,559
2,631
30,171
E 2,127
E 1,942
E 2,136
E 2,086
E 2,166
E 2,097
E 2,188
E 2,194
E 2,106
E 2,201
E 2,165
E 2,208
E 2,022
E 1,844
E 2,026
E 1,979
E 2,056
E 1,990
E 2,076
E 2,076
E 1,990
E 2,082
E 2,048
E 2,092
E 25,616
105
98
110
107
110
107
113
117
116
119
117
116
1,335
E 24,282
6
5
6
5
5
3
3
5
5
4
5
5
57
278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883
154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572
124
104
100
95
92
103
108
106
121
98
105
156
1,311
721
604
380
-136
-418
-372
-275
-270
-355
-255
211
714
549
-5
2
(s)
11
8
8
7
(s)
-7
-69
-64
-55
-163
2,867
2,558
2,512
1,954
1,744
1,732
1,918
1,916
1,756
1,861
2,305
2,912
26,035
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
R 2,641
RE 2,217
E 2,004
E 4,221
118
108
226
RE 2,099
E 1,896
E 3,995
5
6
11
295
247
542
134
133
268
161
114
275
967
726
1,693
R -15
R 3,216
15
(s)
2,757
5,973

4,843
4,931
E 4,069
204
204
E 3,866
11
10
515
551
287
261
228
290
1,325
1,020
-4
11
5,425
5,259
2,381
5,022
i 12,771
i 16,040
i 21,921
i 20,109
4,131
i 12,228
i 15,286
i 21,014
i 19,236
3,927
a Gases withdrawn from natural gas, crude oil, coalbed, and shale gas wells.
Includes natural gas, natural gas plant liquids, and nonhydrocarbon gases; but
excludes lease condensate.
b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and
vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section.
c Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production, gaseous equivalent. This data
series was previously called "Extraction Loss." See Note 2, "Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production," at end of section.
d Marketed production (wet) minus NGPL production.
e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 19802012, also includes net
withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural
Gas Storage," at end of section.
g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Beginning in
1980, excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural
gas delivered to its destination via the other country).
h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
i Through 1979, may include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases.
j For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on
Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet and greater than
-0.5 billion cubic feet. NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of
section. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia
(pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, for which underground storage is
excluded from "Net Storage Withdrawals" through 2012).
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Imports and Exports: Table 4.2. Consumption: Table 4.3.
Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production,
supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals. All Other
Data: 19492007U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual, annual reports. 2008 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly, April 2014,
Table 1.
69
Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country

Imports
Algeriaa Canadab
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Egypta
Mexicob Nigeriaa
Exports
Qatara
Trinidad
and
Tobagoa Othera,c
Total
Canadab
Japana
Mexicob Othera,d
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
0
0
0
0
1
5
86
24
84
18
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
0
0
0
11
109
405
779
948
797
926
1,448
2,816
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
3,589
3,271
3,280
3,117
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
73
35
0
(s)
47
52
(s)
0
102
0
0
7
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
30
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
42
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
46
91
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
267
236
190
129
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
14
8
11
46
11
0
18
15
29
81
92
0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469
3
11
6
18
11
10
(s)
(s)
17
28
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
559
701
739
937
0
0
0
0
44
53
45
53
53
65
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
39
31
33
18
23
20
6
8
15
9
4
2
16
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
333
499
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
32
52
26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
250
246
235
243
251
266
262
246
243
220
235
2,963
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
4
6
0
3
3
3
6
3
0
34
9
11
13
1
11
8
12
16
8
5
8
8
112
3
6
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
26
281
270
265
243
259
260
281
281
258
253
234
252
3,138
84
87
93
78
78
64
62
77
80
75
93
101
971
3
2
0
0
3
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
14
40
42
46
45
52
58
57
60
58
61
49
52
620
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
6
14
130
130
141
123
133
125
118
139
137
140
142
159
1,619
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
225
240
215
229
229
228
227
227
215
216
270
2,786
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
11
8
5
5
6
8
8
6
9
3
3
0
70
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
3
0
3
17
278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883
99
84
92
71
82
76
66
68
70
70
60
73
911
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
49
56
55
60
58
62
62
53
53
54
44
661
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
0
0
0
287
243
530
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
4
10
2
0
2
295
247
542
81
83
165
0
0
0
53
47
100
0
3
3
134
133
268

0
0
490
515
0
3
(s)
(s)
0
0
4
4
18
21
3
9
515
551
183
170
0
5
104
82
0
3
287
261
a
b
As liquefied natural gas.

By pipeline, except for small amounts of: liquefied natural gas (LNG) imported
from Canada in 1973, 1977, 1981, and 2013; LNG exported to Canada in 2007 and
2012 forward; compressed natural gas (CNG) exported to Canada in 2013 and
2014; and LNG exported to Mexico beginning in 1998. See Note 9, "Natural Gas
Imports and Exports," at end of section.
c Australia in 19972001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007;
Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 20022005; Norway in
20082013; Oman in 20002005; Peru in 2010 and 2011; United Arab Emirates in
19962000; Yemen in 2010 forward; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.
d Brazil in 20102012 and 2014; Chile in 2011; China in 2011; India in
20102012; Portugal in 2012; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 20092011; Spain in
2010 and 2011; and United Kingdom in 2010 and 2011.
(s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet.
Notes: See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.
70
Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia (pounds
per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the pressure base
is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491954: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates
based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter.
19551971: Federal Power Commission data. 19721987: EIA, Form
FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
19882010: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2011 forward: EIA,
Natural Gas Monthly, April 2014, Tables 4 and 5; and U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Industrial
Transportation
Other Industrial
Pipelinesd
and Distributione
Commerciala
Lease and
Plant Fuel
CHPb
Non-CHPc
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,924
4,752
4,433
4,391
4,850
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
4,722
4,892
4,779
4,782
4,714
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,508
2,611
2,432
2,623
3,031
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
3,013
3,153
3,119
3,103
3,155
928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,396
1,026
966
1,236
1,220
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
1,226
1,220
1,275
1,286
1,323
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 5,963
6,906
6,757
6,035
6,287
6,007
6,066
5,518
5,412
5,604
5,715
5,178
5,797
5,931
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 7,018
8,164
8,142
7,344
7,527
7,150
7,256
6,601
6,527
6,655
6,670
6,167
6,826
6,994
3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
8,365
8,198
6,867
8,255
9,384
9,293
8,463
8,640
8,273
8,354
7,713
7,669
7,881
7,890
7,443
8,112
8,317
126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
700
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
621
648
670
674
688
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
5
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
705
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
646
674
697
703
718
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
i 3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
i 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
794
662
403
279
163
123
108
106
119
240
482
670
4,149
446
387
262
209
149
131
125
133
142
213
308
391
2,895
121
111
119
114
118
112
117
114
114
121
117
119
1,396
94
89
91
90
95
98
107
105
96
94
93
98
1,149
571
534
517
489
481
468
468
482
479
509
524
551
6,075
666
623
608
579
576
566
575
587
575
603
617
649
7,224
786
734
727
693
694
678
692
701
689
723
734
769
8,620
79
72
60
55
53
53
59
57
51
53
62
75
728
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
30
82
74
63
58
55
55
61
59
53
56
64
78
758
649
645
674
714
812
880
1,082
1,004
803
669
580
600
9,111
2,757
2,502
2,129
1,953
1,874
1,867
2,067
2,003
1,805
1,901
2,168
2,507
25,533
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
880
756
669
369
194
129
113
109
119
225
520
857
4,940
478
428
393
247
168
136
136
137
142
207
344
475
3,290
E 117
E 107
E 118
E 115
E 120
E 116
E 121
E 121
E 116
E 121
E 119
E 122
102
91
98
90
93
93
97
98
91
93
97
105
1,147
577
535
559
513
503
473
488
495
485
522
558
606
6,316
678
626
657
603
597
566
585
594
576
615
655
711
7,463
795
733
775
718
716
681
706
715
693
737
774
833
8,876
E 82
E 73
E 72
E 56
E 50
E 49
E 55
E 55
E 50
E 53
E 66
E 83
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E 85
E 75
E 74
E 58
E 53
E 52
E 57
E 57
E 53
E 56
E 68
E 86
2,867
2,558
2,512
1,954
1,744
1,732
1,918
1,916
1,756
1,861
2,305
2,912
26,035
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
R 1,041
R 572
489
1,062
101
88
189
R 623
859
1,900
E 122
E 111
E 233
574
1,198
725
663
1,387
847
773
1,620

1,636
1,456
906
833
E 225
193
183
1,112
1,105
1,304
1,289
1,529
1,520
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
E 1,413
232
a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Table
7.4c for CHP fuel use.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and
"CHP."
d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
f The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
h Included in "Non-CHP."
i For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector."
See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic
feet.
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous
Vehicle
Fuel
Electric
Power
Sectorf,g
Residential
Total
Total
E 742
E 33
E 775
629
565
601
561
613
734
906
898
749
636
598
662
8,153
E 92
E 79
E 95
E 81
E 176
662
554
1,216
R 3,216
E 170
E3
E3
E5
E 155
E5
E 160
151
156
1,194
1,293
5,425
5,259
2,757
5,973
fuels.
See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial
Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 19492007U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions. 2008 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), April 2014, Table 2.
Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. Vehicle Fuel: 1990 and 1991EIA, NGA 2000,
(November 2001), Table 95.
19921998EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional
Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to
Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for
compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons
were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion factor
(see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor
(see Table A4). 19992007EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2008 forwardEIA,
NGM, April 2014, Table 2. Electric Power Sector: Table 7.4b.
71
Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage

(Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in
Underground Storage,
End of Period
Change in Working Gas

From Same Period
Previous Year
Storage Activity
Base Gas
Working Gas
Totala
Volume
Percent
Withdrawals
Injections
Netb,c
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
863
NA
1,848
2,326
3,162
3,642
3,842
3,868
4,349
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,232
4,277
4,301
4,302
NA
505
NA
1,242
1,678
2,212
2,655
2,607
3,068
2,153
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
3,130
3,111
3,462
NA
1,368
2,184
3,090
4,004
5,374
6,297
6,448
6,936
6,503
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,073
7,407
7,412
7,764
NA
40
NA
83
257
162
-99
-270
555
-453
-806
1,185
-528
187
133
-61
435
-191
-39
290
-19
351
NA
8.7
NA
7.2
18.1
7.9
-3.6
-9.4
22.1
-17.4
-31.9
68.9
-18.2
7.9
5.2
-2.3
16.5
-6.2
-1.4
10.2
-.6
11.3
175
437
713
960
1,459
1,760
1,910
2,359
1,934
2,974
3,498
2,309
3,138
3,099
3,037
3,057
2,493
3,325
3,374
2,966
3,274
3,074
230
505
844
1,078
1,857
2,104
1,896
2,128
2,433
2,566
2,684
3,464
2,670
3,292
3,150
3,002
2,924
3,133
3,340
3,315
3,291
3,422
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
14
231
-499
408
814
-1,156
468
-193
-113
55
-431
192
34
-349
-17
-348
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,309
4,310
4,321
4,325
4,332
4,338
4,343
4,348
4,352
4,365
4,372
4,372
4,372
2,910
2,449
2,473
2,611
2,887
3,115
3,245
3,406
3,693
3,929
3,799
3,413
3,413
7,219
6,758
6,795
6,936
7,219
7,454
7,588
7,754
8,045
8,294
8,172
7,785
7,785
604
727
896
823
700
586
470
387
277
125
-44
-49
-49
26.2
42.2
56.8
46.0
32.0
23.2
16.9
12.8
8.1
3.3
-1.1
-1.4
-1.4
619
516
205
126
74
91
130
134
67
86
281
490
2,818
75
56
240
264
358
323
264
300
357
328
156
105
2,825
544
460
-35
-137
-284
-232
-134
-166
-290
-242
125
385
-7
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,373
4,379
4,378
4,377
4,381
4,385
4,365
4,362
4,363
4,365
4,366
4,365
4,365
2,702
2,102
1,723
1,858
2,271
2,642
2,937
3,211
3,565
3,816
3,604
2,890
2,890
7,075
6,482
6,101
6,235
6,652
7,027
7,302
7,573
7,928
8,180
7,970
7,255
7,255
-208
-347
-750
-754
-616
-473
-308
-196
-128
-114
-195
-523
-523
-7.1
-14.2
-30.3
-28.9
-21.3
-15.2
-9.5
-5.7
-3.5
-2.9
-5.1
-15.3
-15.3
793
648
482
136
49
68
98
102
66
85
366
808
3,700
72
44
101
272
467
440
373
372
421
340
155
94
3,151
721
604
380
-136
-418
-372
-275
-270
-355
-255
211
714
549
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
4,363
4,359
1,926
1,199
6,289
5,558
-776
-903
-28.7
-43.0
1,034
828
1,862
68
102
169
967
726
1,693

1,440
1,135
116
131
1,325
1,004
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see
Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
b For 19802012, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes
liquefied natural gas storage for that period.
c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections.
Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net
withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending
stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, which is excluded through 2012).
72
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
Storage Activity:
19491975U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.
19761979EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.
19801995EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11.
19962007EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues.
2008
forwardEIA, NGM, April 2014, Table 8.
All Other Data:

19541974American Gas Association, Gas Facts, annual issues. 1975 and
1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground
Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,
"Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 19791995EIA,
Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 19962007EIA, NGM, monthly issues.
2008 forwardEIA, NGM, April 2014, Table 8.
Natural Gas
Note 1. Natural Gas Production. Final annual data are
from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA)
Natural Gas Annual (NGA).
Data for the two most recent months presented are
estimated. Some of the data for earlier months are also estimated or computed. For a discussion of computation and estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly (NGM).
Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication
of the NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from
reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S.
Minerals Management Service.
Volumetric data are
converted, as necessary, to a standard pressure base of 14.73
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit.
Unless there are major changes, data are not revised until after
publication of the NGA.
Differences between annual data in the NGA and the sum of
preliminary monthly data (JanuaryDecember) are allocated
proportionally to the months to create final monthly data.
Note 2. Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Natural
gas plant liquids (NGPL) production is the reduction in
volume of natural gas resulting from the removal of natural
gas liquid constituents at natural gas processing
plantsthese natural gas plant liquids are transferred to
petroleum supply.
Annual data are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual (NGA),
where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the
calculated volume of such products at standard conditions.
For a detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive
estimated NGPL production, see the NGA.
Preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of NGPL
production as an annual percentage of marketed production.
This percentage is applied to each months marketed production to estimate monthly NGPL production.
gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.

The ratio is applied to the monthly sum of the three elements to
compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels
consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed
by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates
are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous
fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid
double-counting in these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are
accounted for in their primary energy category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous
fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power
sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease
and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The
estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each
sector (residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption
(see Table 4.3) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption
by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total
supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1). For
estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels
in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values
in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in
cubic feet are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels
consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values
for the sectors.
Note 4. Natural Gas Storage. Natural gas in storage at
the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity
derived by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous
period. Injection and withdrawal data from the
FERC-8/EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to
data from Form EIA-176 for publication of EIAs Natural
Gas Annual (NGA).
Monthly data are revised and considered final after publication

of the NGA. Final monthly data are estimated by allocating
annual NGPL production data to the months on the basis of
total natural gas marketed production data from the NGA.
Total underground storage capacity, which includes both

active and inactive fields, at the end of each calendar year
since 1975 (first year data were available), in billion cubic
feet, was:
Note 3. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental

gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or
commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not
limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases
added for Btu stabilization.
. . . 6,280
. . . 6,544
. . . 6,678
. . . 6,890
. . . 6,929
. . . 7,434
. . . 7,805
. . . 7,915
. . . 7,985
. . . 8,043
. . . 8,087
. . . 8,145
. . . 8,124
. . . 8,124
P=Preliminary
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from EIAs Natural

Gas Annual (NGA). Unknown quantities of supplemental
gaseous fuels are included in consumption data for 1979 and
earlier years. Monthly data are considered preliminary until
after publication of the NGA. Monthly estimates are based on
the annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to the sum of dry
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,182
8,207
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
8,402
8,499
8,656
8,764
8,849
8,991
P
9,173
73
Through 1990, monthly underground storage data are

collected from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Form FERC-8 (interstate data) and EIA Form EIA-191
(intrastate data). Beginning in 1991, all data are collected on
the revised Form EIA-191. Injection and withdrawal data from
the EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to data from
Form EIA-176 following publication of EIAs Natural Gas
Annual (NGA).
The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data
for 19802012 include both underground and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) storage. Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA-176. Monthly
data are estimated by computing the ratio of each months
underground storage additions and withdrawals to annual
underground storage additions and withdrawals and
applying the ratio to the annual LNG data.
Note 5. Natural Gas Balancing Item. The balancing item
for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of
the components of natural gas supply and the sum of
components of natural gas disposition. The differences may
be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting
problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the
net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying
temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard
temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in
company accounting and billing practices; differences between
billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances
resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary
in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
Note 6. Natural Gas Consumption.
Natural gas
consumption statistics include data for the following: Residential Sector: residential deliveries; Commercial Sector:
commercial deliveries, including to commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants; Industrial Sector: lease and plant fuel use, and
other industrial deliveries, including to industrial CHP and
industrial electricity-only plants; Transportation Sector:
pipelines and distribution use, and vehicle fuel use; and
Electric Power Sector: electric utility and independent
power producer use.
Final data for series other than Other Industrial CHP and
Electric Power Sector are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual
(NGA). Monthly data are considered preliminary until after
publication of the NGA. For more detailed information on the
methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see
EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Note 7. Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992. Prior to
1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas
Supply and Disposition. As a result, for 19891992,
those volumes are probably included in both the industrial
and electric power sectors and double-counted in total
74
consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was

reported as delivered to nonutility generators.
Note 8. Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000. For
19932000, the original data for natural gas delivered to
industrial consumers (now Other Industrial in Table 4.3)
included deliveries to both industrial users and independent
power producers (IPPs). These data were adjusted to
remove the estimated consumption at IPPs from Other
Industrial and include it with electric utilities under Electric Power Sector. (To estimate the monthly IPP consumption, the monthly pattern for Other Industrial CHP in Table
4.3 was used.)
For 19962000, monthly data for several natural gas series
shown in EIAs Natural Gas Navigator (see
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm)
were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the
final annual data in EIAs Natural Gas Annual. In the
Monthly Energy Review, monthly data for these series were
adjusted so that the monthly data sum to the final annual
values. The Table 4.1 data series (and years) that were
adjusted are: Gross Withdrawals (1996, 1997), Marketed
Production (1997), NGPL Production (1997, 1998, 2000), Dry
Gas Production (1996, 1997), Supplemental Gaseous Fuels
(19972000), Balancing Item (19972000), and Total
Consumption (19972000). The Table 4.3 data series (and
years) that were adjusted are:
Lease and Plant Fuel
(19972000), Total Industrial (19972000), Pipelines and
Distribution (2000), Total Transportation (2000), and Total
Consumption (19972000).
Note 9. Natural Gas Imports and Exports. The United
States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and
Mexico; and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via
tanker from Algeria, Australia, Brunei, Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Peru, Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. In addition, very small amounts of LNG
arrived from Canada in 1973 (667 million cubic feet),
1977 (572 million cubic feet), 1981 (6 million cubic feet),
and 2013 (555 million cubic feet). The United States
exports natural gas via pipeline to Canada and Mexico;
and exports LNG via tanker to Brazil, China, Chile, India,
Japan, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Spain, and United
Kingdom. Also, small amounts of LNG have gone to
Mexico since 1998 and to Canada in 2007 and 20122014.
Small amounts of compressed natural gas have been
exported to Canada since 2013.
Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA
Form FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters
of Natural Gas, which requires data to be reported by
month for the calendar year.
Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion
of estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Preliminary data are revised after publication of EIAs U.S.
Imports and Exports of Natural Gas.
5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
Figure 5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, 19492013

4
Thousand Rigs
3
Crude
Oil
2
Natural
Gas
Total
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, Monthly
1980
1985
1995
2000
2005
2010
Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
Thousand Rigs
Thousand Rigs
1990
Total
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
0.5
Natural Gas
1.5
1.0
0.5
2012
0.0
2013
2014
0.0
J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND
2012
2013
20 14
Total Wells Drilled by Type, 19492010

50
Crude Oil
Wells
Thousand Wells
40
Natural Gas
Wells
30
20
10
Dry Wells
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude.

76
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements
(Number of Rigs)
Rotary Rigs in Operationa
By Site
Onshore
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
By Type
Offshore
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Totalb
Active
Well Service
Rig Countc
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,554
2,678
1,774
902
622
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
1,514
1,846
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
106
231
206
108
101
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
31
32
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
532
323
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
591
984
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
464
385
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
943
887
2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
1,660
2,909
1,980
1,010
723
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
1,546
1,879
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,486
4,089
4,716
3,658
3,041
2,692
2,267
1,830
1,967
2,064
2,222
2,364
2,388
2,515
1,722
1,854
2,075
2012 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,960
1,949
1,935
1,917
1,931
1,923
1,894
1,863
1,808
1,785
1,758
1,733
1,871
43
42
43
44
46
49
51
50
51
49
51
51
48
1,208
1,261
1,307
1,329
1,373
1,409
1,419
1,423
1,409
1,407
1,385
1,358
1,357
790
723
667
629
600
558
522
487
447
425
421
423
558
2,003
1,990
1,979
1,961
1,977
1,972
1,944
1,913
1,859
1,834
1,809
1,784
1,919
2,154
2,135
2,143
2,157
2,153
2,139
2,140
2,144
2,137
2,102
2,036
1,990
2,113
2013 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,704
1,708
1,705
1,707
1,715
1,706
1,708
1,720
1,695
1,683
1,698
1,710
1,705
52
54
51
49
52
55
58
61
65
61
58
61
56
1,318
1,332
1,339
1,374
1,407
1,404
1,396
1,388
1,364
1,364
1,384
1,396
1,373
434
426
413
374
353
352
364
386
389
374
366
373
383
1,756
1,762
1,756
1,755
1,767
1,761
1,766
1,781
1,760
1,744
1,756
1,771
1,761
2,112
2,024
2,033
2,039
2,099
2,049
2,039
2,055
2,052
2,061
2,175
2,024
2,064
2014 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
4-Month Average .........
1,711
1,714
1,750
1,784
1,738
58
55
54
52
55
1,403
1,424
1,466
1,515
1,449
362
341
333
316
339
1,769
1,769
1,803
1,835
1,793
R 2,037
2013 4-Month Average .........

2012 4-Month Average .........
1,706
1,940
51
43
1,341
1,278
412
700
1,757
1,983
2,052
2,148
a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly. Monthly data are averages of 4or 5-week reporting periods, not calendar months. Multi-month data are averages
of the reported data over the covered months, not averages of the weekly data.
Annual data are averages over 52 or 53 weeks, not calendar years. Published data
are rounded to the nearest whole number.
b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not
shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells,
and stratigraphic tests. "Total" values may not equal the sum of "Onshore" and
"Offshore" due to independent rounding.
c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well),
or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed
and working every day of the month.
2,066
2,036
NA
NA

Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
Rotary Rigs in Operation:
Baker Hughes, Inc.,
Houston, TX, "North America Rig Count," used with permission.
See
http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=79687&p=irol-reportsother. Active
Well Service Rig Count: Cameron International Corporation, Houston, TX. See
http://www.c-a-m.com/Forms/Product.aspx?prodID=cdc209c4-79a3-47e5-99c2fdeda6d4aad6.
77
Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Wells Drilled
Exploratory
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Development
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Thousand
Feet
Number
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
Total
Footage
Drilled
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
982
1,777
1,680
778
570
288
357
258
350
383
539
646
808
431
874
868
515
477
1,248
2,099
1,200
811
558
657
1,052
844
997
1,671
2,141
2,456
2,794
8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
7,129
9,081
8,954
3,652
2,024
1,341
1,733
1,282
1,297
1,350
1,462
1,547
1,582
10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
9,359
12,957
11,834
5,241
3,152
2,286
3,142
2,384
2,644
3,404
4,142
4,649
5,184
22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
15,966
31,182
33,581
12,061
7,678
7,802
8,531
6,517
7,779
8,406
10,240
12,739
12,563
3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
6,879
15,362
13,124
10,435
7,524
16,394
21,020
16,498
19,725
22,515
26,449
30,382
29,925
6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
6,517
11,704
12,257
4,593
2,790
2,805
2,865
2,472
2,685
2,732
3,191
3,659
3,399
31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
29,362
58,248
58,962
27,089
17,992
27,001
32,416
25,487
30,189
33,653
39,880
46,780
45,887
23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
16,948
32,959
35,261
12,839
8,248
8,090
8,888
6,775
8,129
8,789
10,779
13,385
13,371
3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
8,127
17,461
14,324
11,246
8,082
17,051
22,072
17,342
20,722
24,186
28,590
32,838
32,719
14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
13,646
20,785
21,211
8,245
4,814
4,146
4,598
3,754
3,982
4,082
4,653
5,206
4,981
42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
38,721
71,205
70,796
32,330
21,144
29,287
35,558
27,871
32,833
37,057
44,022
51,429
51,071
157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
180,494
316,943
314,409
156,044
117,156
144,425
180,141
145,159
177,239
204,279
240,307
282,675
301,515
2008 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
88
82
66
68
88
63
79
67
52
80
97
67
897
208
230
216
189
206
195
163
165
166
243
192
172
2,345
144
107
127
130
124
139
171
144
164
173
160
132
1,715
440
419
409
387
418
397
413
376
382
496
449
371
4,957
1,111
1,080
1,132
1,177
1,317
1,428
1,439
1,448
1,488
1,549
1,361
1,206
15,736
2,321
2,261
2,363
2,415
2,449
2,540
2,695
2,735
2,667
2,841
2,418
2,196
29,901
272
247
271
281
240
299
344
379
355
373
334
313
3,708
3,704
3,588
3,766
3,873
4,006
4,267
4,478
4,562
4,510
4,763
4,113
3,715
49,345
1,199
1,162
1,198
1,245
1,405
1,491
1,518
1,515
1,540
1,629
1,458
1,273
16,633
2,529
2,491
2,579
2,604
2,655
2,735
2,858
2,900
2,833
3,084
2,610
2,368
32,246
416
354
398
411
364
438
515
523
519
546
494
445
5,423
4,144
4,007
4,175
4,260
4,424
4,664
4,891
4,938
4,892
5,259
4,562
4,086
54,302
25,306
24,958
26,226
26,920
27,947
28,739
29,140
28,942
28,960
31,505
29,276
26,222
334,141
2009 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
80
62
59
36
47
44
40
49
61
55
38
34
605
171
125
146
68
90
91
100
84
71
79
83
98
1,206
99
88
88
93
80
75
101
88
96
78
85
84
1,055
350
275
293
197
217
210
241
221
228
212
206
216
2,866
1,192
991
867
755
584
804
789
867
945
966
931
894
10,585
2,253
1,925
1,771
1,396
1,136
1,297
1,188
1,372
1,170
1,167
1,133
1,074
16,882
250
195
210
205
156
189
217
207
207
222
199
213
2,470
3,695
3,111
2,848
2,356
1,876
2,290
2,194
2,446
2,322
2,355
2,263
2,181
29,937
1,272
1,053
926
791
631
848
829
916
1,006
1,021
969
928
11,190
2,424
2,050
1,917
1,464
1,226
1,388
1,288
1,456
1,241
1,246
1,216
1,172
18,088
349
283
298
298
236
264
318
295
303
300
284
297
3,525
4,045
3,386
3,141
2,553
2,093
2,500
2,435
2,667
2,550
2,567
2,469
2,397
32,803
28,077
25,440
25,304
21,406
20,055
16,301
13,543
15,970
15,547
17,261
16,236
16,424
231,562
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
55
44
59
49
48
61
46
56
57
75
62
57
669
91
71
85
78
107
100
103
104
73
87
114
92
1,105
81
67
88
77
86
90
105
94
88
117
103
70
1,066
227
182
232
204
241
251
254
254
218
279
279
219
2,840
898
871
1,062
1,173
1,282
1,385
1,386
1,434
1,374
1,502
1,400
1,317
15,084
1,264
1,096
1,224
1,152
1,208
1,250
1,443
1,402
1,358
1,463
1,352
1,379
15,591
169
144
216
249
255
302
390
314
268
283
263
243
3,096
2,331
2,111
2,502
2,574
2,745
2,937
3,219
3,150
3,000
3,248
3,015
2,939
33,771
953
915
1,121
1,222
1,330
1,446
1,432
1,490
1,431
1,577
1,462
1,374
15,753
1,355
1,167
1,309
1,230
1,315
1,350
1,546
1,506
1,431
1,550
1,466
1,471
16,696
250
211
304
326
341
392
495
408
356
400
366
313
4,162
2,558
2,293
2,734
2,778
2,986
3,188
3,473
3,404
3,218
3,527
3,294
3,158
36,611
15,304
16,862
15,102
17,904
17,987
19,408
20,847
22,923
23,037
22,123
24,561
23,189
239,247
Notes: Data are estimates. For 19601969, data are for well completion
reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year; for
all other years, data are for well completions in a given year. Through 1989,
these well counts include only the original drilling of a hole intended to discover or
further develop already discovered crude oil or natural gas resources. Other drilling
activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of laterals from the original
well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for resources other than
crude oil or natural gas are excluded. Beginning in 1990, a new well is defined as
the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the methodology used
to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially reported data, the
counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note, "Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section. Geographic

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
19491965:
Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil,
"Forecast-Review" issue. 19661969: American Petroleum Institute (API),
Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United States, annual summaries and
monthly reports. 19701989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
computations based on well reports submitted to the API. 1990 forward: EIA
computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc., Denver, CO.
Data for 2011 forward in this table have been removed while EIA evaluates the
quality of the data and the estimation methodology.
78
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource

Development
Note. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and
Development Wells. Three well types are considered in the
Monthly Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics:
completed for crude oil, completed for natural gas, and
dry hole. Wells that productively encounter both crude
oil and natural gas are categorized as completed for crude
oil. Both development wells and exploratory wells (new
field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are
included in the statistics. All other classes of wells drilled in
connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are
excluded. If a lateral is drilled at the same time as the original
hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included.
Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of
completion data for the above types and classes of wells as

reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a
given month. Due to time lags between the date of well
completion and the date of completion reporting to the API,
as-reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate
indicator of drilling activity. During 1982, for example,
as-reported well completions rose, while the number of
actual completions fell. Consequently, the drilling statistics
published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates produced by
statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the
partial data available from the API. These estimates are
subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which
pertain to earlier months and years, become available.
Additional information about the EIA estimation
methodology may be found in Estimating Well
Completions, a feature article published in the March 1985
MER.
79
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
6. Coal
Figure 6.1
Coal
(Million Short Tons)
Overview, 19492013
1,400
Production
1,200
1,000
Consumption
800
600
400
200
Net Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption by Sector, 19492013

1,200
Electric Power
1,000
800
600
400
Residential, Commercial,a and Transportationb
200
Industriala
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Overview, Monthly
Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly
100
120
Production
100
80
60
Consumption
80
60
40
40
20
Net Exports
0
2012
20 13
2014
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number
of electricity-only-plants.
b
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are
included in Industrial.
82
20
2012
2013
2014
0
J
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal.

Sources: Tables 6.16.2.
Table 6.1 Coal Overview

(Thousand Short Tons)
Productiona
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
Imports
Exports
Trade
Net Importsc
Stock
Changed,e
Losses and
Unaccounted
fore,f
Consumption
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
560,388
490,838
434,329
526,954
612,661
654,641
829,700
883,638
1,029,076
1,032,974
1,073,612
1,127,689
1,094,283
1,071,753
1,112,099
1,131,498
1,162,750
1,146,635
1,171,809
1,074,923
1,084,368
1,095,628
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,339
8,561
9,089
10,085
9,052
10,016
11,299
13,352
14,409
14,076
14,146
13,666
13,651
13,209
365
337
262
184
36
940
1,194
1,952
2,699
9,473
12,513
19,787
16,875
25,044
27,280
30,460
36,246
36,347
34,208
22,639
19,353
13,088
29,360
54,429
37,981
51,032
71,733
66,309
91,742
92,680
105,804
88,547
58,489
48,666
39,601
43,014
47,998
49,942
49,647
59,163
81,519
59,097
81,716
107,259
-28,995
-54,092
-37,719
-50,848
-71,697
-65,369
-90,548
-90,727
-103,104
-79,074
-45,976
-28,879
-22,726
-17,970
-20,718
-19,482
-13,401
-22,816
-47,311
-36,458
-62,363
-94,171
27,829
-3,974
-3,194
1,897
11,100
32,154
25,595
-27,934
26,542
-275
-48,309
41,630
10,215
-26,659
-11,462
-9,702
42,642
5,812
12,354
39,668
-13,039
211
9,462
-6,292
1,722
2,244
6,633
-5,522
10,827
2,796
-1,730
632
938
7,120
4,040
-4,403
6,887
9,092
8,824
4,085
5,740
14,985
182
11,506
494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
95,102
85,914
85,849
77,514
81,717
81,816
86,321
90,816
81,818
85,239
84,147
80,205
1,016,458
1,104
926
863
681
892
926
1,058
1,039
885
796
1,090
934
11,196
789
534
699
623
986
719
894
667
855
868
798
727
9,159
9,126
8,460
11,055
12,529
12,257
12,749
11,623
10,597
9,344
9,421
8,516
10,068
125,746
-8,337
-7,927
-10,356
-11,905
-11,271
-12,030
-10,729
-9,930
-8,489
-8,554
-7,718
-9,341
-116,586
3,832
7,905
9,618
7,132
419
-5,461
-15,082
-6,905
2,352
3,999
1,639
-2,545
6,902
7,745
2,542
3,663
2,260
2,905
-469
145
912
-2,615
1,709
562
-4,377
14,980
76,292
68,466
63,075
56,899
68,015
76,642
91,588
87,919
74,477
71,774
75,319
78,721
889,185
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
84,828
77,766
82,464
79,207
83,664
80,234
86,674
88,436
81,547
81,067
79,154
78,922
983,964
933
869
1,063
676
940
934
1,040
840
608
626
618
1,047
10,194
654
385
390
672
870
1,213
874
710
815
707
850
766
8,906
9,572
8,627
13,637
9,754
10,478
9,194
9,125
10,073
9,391
9,855
8,511
9,443
117,659
-8,917
-8,242
-13,247
-9,082
-9,608
-7,981
-8,251
-9,363
-8,576
-9,148
-7,662
-8,676
-108,753
-8,189
-6,262
-5,516
2,486
5,308
-7,412
-9,336
-7,765
-2,482
672
2,376
-5,268
-41,386
4,461
4,121
-141
2,190
-320
265
455
446
-1,858
-31
-1,654
-6,249
1,684
80,571
72,535
75,936
66,125
70,008
80,335
88,344
87,231
77,919
71,905
71,388
82,810
925,106
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
4-Month Total .....
84,476
75,258
82,628
82,366
324,728
F 1,063
RF 856
1,064
8,516
-7,452
-15,889
RF 939
R 8,785
RE -7,846
R -14,264
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,640
R 757
NA
NA
NA

324,265
344,379
3,541
3,575
2,101
2,645
41,590
41,171
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal

recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry
dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric
power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as
a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in
"Consumption."
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are
greater than imports.
d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. See Table 6.3 for stocks data coverage.
e In 1949, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
f The difference between calculated coal supply and disposition, due to coal
NA
NA
NA
-39,488
-38,525
NA
NA
NA
-17,480
28,487
10,632
16,210
89,335
R 81,776
NA
NA
NA
295,167
264,731
quantities lost or to data reporting problems.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and
stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,
"Coal Stocks," at end of section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
83
Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Commercial
Industrial
Other Industrial
Residential
CHPa
Otherb
Total
Coke
Plants
CHPc
Non-CHPd
Total
Total
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectore,f
Total
63,011
16,972
3,046
655
298
24
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
f 782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484
494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948
51,562
35,590
24,159
14,635
9,024
2,823
1,355
1,711
1,345
755
454
481
533
551
512
378
290
353
i
( )
(i)
(i)
(i)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668
63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
4,189
3,633
2,126
2,441
2,506
1,869
2,693
2,420
1,050
1,247
1,485
1,412
1,361
1,125
63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
5,379
5,052
3,673
3,888
3,912
3,685
4,610
4,342
2,936
3,173
3,506
3,210
3,081
2,793
104,014
107,743
81,385
95,286
96,481
83,598
66,657
41,056
38,877
33,011
28,939
26,075
23,656
24,248
23,670
23,434
22,957
22,715
22,070
15,326
21,092
21,434
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319
120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
48,549
43,693
37,177
39,514
34,515
36,415
35,582
34,465
34,210
34,078
32,491
25,549
24,650
23,919
120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
76,330
73,055
65,208
65,268
60,747
61,261
62,195
60,340
59,472
56,615
54,393
45,314
49,289
46,238
224,637
217,839
177,402
200,846
186,637
147,244
127,004
116,429
115,207
106,067
94,147
91,344
84,403
85,509
85,865
83,774
82,429
79,331
76,463
60,641
70,381
67,671
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
155
135
128
102
108
109
120
120
107
101
124
141
1,450
100
87
82
30
32
32
16
16
14
51
62
71
595
256
222
210
132
141
141
136
136
121
152
186
212
2,045
1,701
1,687
1,895
1,783
1,857
1,657
1,676
1,816
1,552
1,647
1,715
1,766
20,751
2,015
1,832
1,684
1,481
1,563
1,553
1,712
1,703
1,535
1,587
1,649
1,751
20,065
1,726
1,921
2,020
1,910
1,807
1,811
1,781
1,780
1,960
2,045
2,030
1,982
22,773
3,741
3,753
3,704
3,391
3,370
3,365
3,493
3,483
3,495
3,632
3,679
3,734
42,838
5,442
5,440
5,599
5,173
5,226
5,021
5,169
5,299
5,047
5,279
5,393
5,500
63,589
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
70,594
62,804
57,266
51,593
62,648
71,480
86,283
82,484
69,309
66,343
69,740
73,009
823,551
76,292
68,466
63,075
56,899
68,015
76,642
91,588
87,919
74,477
71,774
75,319
78,721
889,185
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
148
139
136
108
114
105
103
105
100
98
120
134
1,412
89
84
82
23
24
22
16
16
15
47
57
64
539
237
223
219
132
138
128
119
121
115
145
177
198
1,951
1,825
1,644
1,810
1,817
1,868
1,787
1,756
1,836
1,836
1,807
1,737
1,750
21,474
1,728
1,601
1,716
1,533
1,577
1,576
1,656
1,594
1,545
1,647
1,679
1,760
19,613
1,983
2,121
1,978
1,918
1,881
1,879
1,827
1,892
1,929
2,142
2,108
2,059
23,717
3,711
3,722
3,693
3,451
3,459
3,455
3,483
3,486
3,475
3,789
3,787
3,819
43,331
5,536
5,367
5,504
5,268
5,326
5,242
5,239
5,323
5,311
5,596
5,523
5,569
64,805
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
74,798
66,944
70,214
60,725
64,544
74,964
82,986
81,788
72,493
66,163
65,688
77,043
858,351
80,571
72,535
75,936
66,125
70,008
80,335
88,344
87,231
77,919
71,905
71,388
82,810
925,106
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
(i)
(i)
(i)
149
147
296
F 137
F 144
F 282
F 286
F 292
F 578
F 1,702
F 1,663
F 3,366
1,803
1,644
3,447
F 2,085
F 2,033
F 4,117
F 3,888
F 3,677
F 7,565
F 5,590
F 5,340
F 10,931
(h)
(h)
(h)
83,459
76,144
159,603
89,335
81,776
171,111

(i)
(i)
287
290
173
187
460
478
3,470
3,388
3,329
3,847
4,104
3,647
7,433
7,494
10,903
10,882
(h)
(h)
141,743
133,398
153,106
144,758
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial
CHP."
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is
to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
g Included in "Commercial Other."
84
h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

i Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are no longer collected
by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

F=Forecast.
Notes: CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector monthly
values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates derived from
collected quarterly and annual data. See Note 2, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from EIAs Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of
beginning in 1973.
Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Producers
and
Distributors
Residentiala
and
Commercial
Coke Plants
Otherb
Total
Total
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12,108
24,379
33,133
33,418
34,444
31,905
35,900
43,257
38,277
41,151
34,971
36,548
33,977
34,688
47,718
49,820
51,897
2,462
998
666
353
300
233
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
498
529
552
603
16,809
13,422
11,122
10,640
9,045
8,797
9,067
3,420
3,329
2,632
1,494
1,510
1,364
905
1,344
2,615
2,928
1,936
2,331
1,957
1,925
2,610
26,182
15,880
11,637
13,122
11,781
8,529
11,951
10,438
8,716
5,702
4,587
6,006
5,792
4,718
4,842
5,582
6,506
5,624
6,007
5,109
4,525
4,455
42,991
29,302
22,759
23,762
20,826
17,326
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,338
7,066
6,451
7,065
45,453
30,300
23,425
24,115
21,126
17,559
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,836
7,595
7,003
7,668
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
d 102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387
77,295
71,691
75,160
78,640
93,034
140,391
228,407
203,367
201,629
169,083
140,282
181,912
192,127
165,468
154,006
144,304
186,946
192,758
205,112
244,780
231,740
231,951
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
48,318
49,743
51,141
51,283
50,726
50,374
49,120
47,499
46,231
45,830
45,550
46,157
587
572
557
566
575
585
589
592
596
592
587
583
2,507
2,403
2,300
2,299
2,297
2,295
2,329
2,363
2,396
2,438
2,480
2,522
4,280
4,104
3,929
4,025
4,122
4,219
4,318
4,418
4,518
4,504
4,489
4,475
6,786
6,508
6,229
6,324
6,419
6,514
6,647
6,781
6,914
6,942
6,970
6,997
7,374
7,080
6,786
6,890
6,995
7,099
7,236
7,373
7,510
7,534
7,557
7,581
180,091
186,866
195,380
202,265
203,137
197,924
183,958
178,537
182,020
186,396
188,291
185,116
235,783
243,688
253,307
260,439
260,858
255,397
240,314
233,409
235,761
239,760
241,398
238,853
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
F 44,632
F 42,692
565
548
530
529
529
528
529
529
530
518
506
494
2,417
2,312
2,207
2,305
2,402
2,500
2,516
2,531
2,546
2,431
2,315
2,200
4,303
4,131
3,959
3,964
3,968
3,973
4,090
4,208
4,326
4,253
4,181
4,108
6,720
6,443
6,166
6,268
6,370
6,473
6,606
6,739
6,872
6,684
6,496
6,308
7,286
6,991
6,696
6,797
6,899
7,001
7,135
7,269
7,402
7,202
7,002
6,802
178,747
175,325
171,518
172,654
176,670
170,534
159,536
154,119
152,185
153,352
155,754
147,973
230,664
224,403
218,887
221,373
226,681
219,270
209,934
202,169
199,688
200,360
202,736
197,467
2014 January ................

February ..............
F 42,632
F 526
F 2,189
F 3,907
F 6,096
F 6,623
F 42,087
F 519
F 2,050
F 3,710
F 5,760
F 6,278
132,324
118,949
181,578
167,314
1950 Year
1955 Year
1960 Year
1965 Year
1970 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
F 42,087
F 40,673
F 41,922
F 43,112
F 41,735
F 43,263
F 40,782
F 40,100
F 39,805
F 39,979
Industrial
a Through 1979, data are for the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning
in 2008, data are for the commercial sector only.
b Through 1979, data are for manufacturing plants and the transportation sector.
For 19802007, data are for manufacturing plants only. Beginning in 2008, data
are for manufacturing plants and coal transformation/processing plants.
c The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andpower (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
d Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are
NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Electric power sector monthly values
Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Total
are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates
derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived
from collected quarterly values. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
beginning in 1973.
85
Coal
Note 1. Coal Production. Preliminary monthly estimates
of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates
developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report.
When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.
Weekly estimates are based on Association of American
Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars
loaded with coal during the week by Class I and certain
other railroads.
Through 2001, the weekly coal production model converted
AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average
number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in
the Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics from the
Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage
per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad,
the national average was used. To derive the estimate of
total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week
was divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by
rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.
This method ensured that the seasonal variations were
preserved in the production estimates.
Beginning in 2002, the weekly coal production model uses
statistical autoregressive methods to estimate national coal
production as a function of railcar loadings of coal, and
heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. On Thursday
of each week, EIA receives from the AAR data for the
previous week. The latest weekly national data for heating
degree-days and cooling degree-days are obtained from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
Climate Prediction Center. The weekly coal model is run
and a national level coal production estimate is obtained.
The weekly coal model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data are available.
When preliminary quarterly data become available, the
monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the
quarterly figures. The adjustment procedure uses state-level
production
data
and
is
explained
at
http://www.eia.gov/coal/production/weekly/.
Initial estimates of annual production published in January of the
following year are based on preliminary production data
covering the first nine months (three quarters) and
weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter. All quarterly, monthly, and weekly production figures are adjusted
to conform to the final annual production data published in
the Monthly Energy Review in the fall of the following year.
Note 2. Coal Consumption. Forecast data (designated by
an F) are derived from forecasted values shown in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table titled
U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The
monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values, which
are released in March, June, September, and December. The
86
estimates are revised quarterly as collected data become available from the data sources. Sector-specific information
follows.
Residential and CommercialThrough 2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to
EIA for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount
consumed by the sectors individually. To create the
estimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-heated
housing unit consumes fuel at the same Btu rate as an oilheated housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are
available on the number of occupied housing units by heating source (19731981 and subsequent odd-numbered
years), residential consumption of coal is estimated using
the following steps: a ratio is created of the number of
occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of
occupied housing units heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by the residential
sector to derive an estimate of the Btu quantity of coal
consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount
estimated as the residential sector consumption is subtracted
from the residential and commercial sectors combined
consumption to derive the commercial sectors estimated
consumption. Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are not collected by EIA, and commercial coal
consumption data are taken directly from reported data.
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly coke plant
consumption data were taken directly from reported data.
For 19801987, coke plant consumption estimates were
derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using
the ratios of monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979,
the last year in which monthly data were reported. Beginning in 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are
derived from the reported quarterly data by using monthly
ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron
and Steel Institute. The ratios are the monthly raw steel
production from open hearth and basic oxygen process
furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from
those kinds of furnaces.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, monthly consumption data
for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus
coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline consumption figures from the most recent Bureau
of the Census Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census of
Manufactures. For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates
were derived from data reported on Forms EIA-3 and EIA6. For 19801987, monthly figures were estimated by
proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of
monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last
year in which monthly data were reported on Form EIA-3.
Beginning in 1988, monthly consumption for the other
industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly data
by using ratios derived from industrial production indices
published by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System. Indices for six major industry groups are
used as the basis for calculating the ratios: food manufacturing, which is North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS
322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS 325; petroleum and

coal products, NAICS 324; non-metallic mineral products
manufacturing, NAICS 327; and primary metal manufacturing, NAICS 331. The monthly ratios are computed as the
monthly sum of the weighted indices as a proportion of the
quarterly sum of the weighted indices by using the 1977
proportion as the weights. Through 2007, quarterly
consumption data for the other industrial sector were
derived by adding beginning stocks at manufacturing plants
to current receipts and subtracting ending stocks at manufacturing plants. In this calculation, current receipts are the
greater of either reported receipts from manufacturing
plants (Form EIA-3) or reported shipments to the other
industrial sector (Form EIA-6), thereby ensuring that agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction consumption
data were included where appropriate. Beginning in 2008,
quarterly consumption totals for other industrial coal
include data for manufacturing and mining only. Over
time, surveyed coal consumption data for agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction dwindled to about
2030 thousand short tons annually. Therefore, in 2008,
EIA consolidated its programs by eliminating agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction as surveyed sectors.
Electric Power SectorMonthly consumption data for electric power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 3. Coal Stocks. Coal stocks data are reported by
major end-use sector. Forecast data for the most recent
months (designated by an F) are derived from forecasted
values shown in EIAs Short-Term Energy Outlook
(DOE/EIA-0202) table titled U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The monthly estimates are based on
the quarterly values (released in March, June, September, and
December) or annual values. The estimates are revised as
collected data become available from the data sources.
Sector-specific information follows.
Producers and DistributorsThrough 1997, quarterly
stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly
from reported data. Monthly data were estimated by
using one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate
the monthly change in stocks. Beginning in 1998, endof-year stocks are taken from reported data. Monthly
stocks are estimated by a model.
Residential and CommercialThrough 1979, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were
taken directly from reported data. For 19802007, stock
estimates were not collected. Beginning in 2008, quarterly
commercial (excluding residential) stocks data are collected
on Form EIA-3 (data for Commercial and Institutional
Coal Users).
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly stocks at
coke plants were taken directly from reported data. Beginning in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using onethird of the current quarterly change to indicate the monthly
change in stocks. Quarterly stocks are taken directly from

data reported on Form EIA-5.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, stocks for the other
industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline figures from a one-time Bureau of Mines survey of
consumers. For 19781982, monthly estimates were derived
by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly data based on
representative seasonal patterns of supply and demand. Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants. Quarterly stocks are taken directly
from data reported on Form EIA-3 and therefore include only
manufacturing industries; data for agriculture, forestry, fishing,
mining, and construction stocks are not available.
Electric Power SectorMonthly stocks data at electric
power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 4. Coal Forecast Values. Data values preceded by F
in this section are forecast values. They are derived from EIAs
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). The
model is driven primarily by data and assumptions about key
macroeconomic variables, the world oil price, and weather.
The coal forecast relies on other variables as well, such as alternative fuel prices (natural gas and oil) and power generation by
sources other than fossil fuels, including nuclear and hydroelectric power. Each month, EIA staff review the model output and
make adjustments, if appropriate, based on their knowledge of
developments in the coal industry.
The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web
at http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/.
Table 6.1 Sources

Production
1949September 1977: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry
Surveys.
October 1977 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production.
Waste Coal Supplied
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
87
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and,

for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System (STIFS).
Imports and Exports
1949 forward: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545
(Exports); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Stock Change
1950 forward: Calculated from data in Table 6.3.
Losses and Unaccounted for
1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of production, imports,
and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and
consumption.
Consumption
1949 forward: Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Sources

Residential and Commercial Total
Through 2007, coal consumption by the residential and
commercial sectors combined is reported to the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA). EIA estimates the sectors
individually using the method described in Note 2, Consumption, at the end of Section 6. Data for the residential and
commercial sectors combined are from:
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of
Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400, Monthly
Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks. October
19771979: EIA, Form EIA-2, Monthly Coal Report, Retail
DealersUpper Lake Docks.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report,
quarterly.
19982007: DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Form 7000-2, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportCoke Plants.
Commercial Total
Beginning in 2008, coal consumption by the commercial
(excluding residential) sector is reported to EIA. Data for total
commercial consumption are from:
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS).
Commercial CHP
1989 forward: Table 7.4c.
Commercial Other
1949 forward: Calculated as Commercial Total minus
Commercial CHP.
88
Industrial Coke Plants

1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook
and Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and
Coal ChemicalsMonthly/Annual Supplement.
19811984: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward:
EIA, Form EIA5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial Total
1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-3, Monthly Coal
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, and Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, Form EIA-6A, Coal
Distribution Report, annual, and Form EIA-7A, Coal
Production Report, annual.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Institutional Coal Users, and Form EIA-7A, Coal Production Report, annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial CHP
Other Industrial Non-CHP
1949 forward: Calculated as Other Industrial Total minus
Other Industrial CHP.
Transportation
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
Electric Power
1949 forward: Table 7.4b.
Table 6.3 Sources

Producers and Distributors
19731979: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Form 6-1419Q, Distribution of Bituminous Coal and Lignite Shipments.
19801997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-6A, Coal Distribution Report,
annual.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-7A, Coal Production
Report, annual, and Form EIA-8A, Coal Stocks Report,
annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated

Forecasting System (STIFS).
Residential and Commercial
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Coke Plants
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and Coal
ChemicalsMonthly/Annual.
19811984:
EIA, Form EIA 5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Other
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and, for forecast values,
EIA, STIFS.
Electric Power
89
7. Electricity
Figure 7.1
Electricity Overview
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Overview, 2013
5,000
3,899
4,000
3,692
3,000
2,000
1,000
11
148
64
11
Commercial
Industrial
Imports
Exports
0
Electric
Power
Net Generation
139
Retail
Salesa
Trade
Net Generation by Sector, 19892013
Direct
Useb
End Use
Net Generation by Sector, Monthly
5,000
500
4,000
400
Totalc
Totalc
300
Electric Power
3,000
Electric Power
2,000
200
1,000
100
Industrial
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2010
2012
2013
2014
Trade, 19492013
70
60
Imports
50
40
30
Exports
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.
92
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Includes commercial sector.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Source: Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Electricity Overview

Net Generation
Electric
Power
Sectora
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Commercial
Sectorb
Trade
Industrial
Sectorc
Total
Importsd
Exportsd
Net
Importsd
T&D Lossese
and
Unaccounted
forf
End Use
Retail
Salesg
Direct
Useh
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,918
2,286
2,470
2,901
3,194
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
3,974
3,810
3,972
3,948
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
8
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
10
5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
c 131
151
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
137
132
144
142
334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,921
2,290
2,473
3,038
3,353
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
4,119
3,950
4,125
4,100
2
5
5
4
6
11
25
46
18
43
49
39
37
30
34
44
43
51
57
52
45
52
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
5
4
5
16
4
15
16
16
24
23
19
24
20
24
18
19
15
2
4
5
(s)
2
6
21
41
2
39
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
26
37
44
58
76
104
145
180
216
190
203
229
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
298
287
261
265
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,713
3,013
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,733
3,597
3,754
3,750
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125
151
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
126
132
127
132
133
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,837
3,164
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,890
3,865
3,724
3,886
3,883
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
326
297
296
283
324
348
400
381
322
299
293
321
3,890
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
12
12
12
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
146
340
309
309
295
337
361
415
396
335
312
306
335
4,048
4
4
4
5
5
5
7
6
5
4
5
4
59
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
3
3
3
4
4
4
6
5
4
4
4
3
47
20
14
17
18
33
28
37
24
9
13
20
29
263
311
287
284
271
297
325
371
365
318
291
278
297
3,695
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 13
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 12
323
298
295
281
308
337
383
377
329
302
290
309
3,832
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
335
297
312
286
309
343
380
370
327
302
301
338
3,899
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
13
12
13
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
148
348
309
325
298
322
356
394
384
340
315
314
352
4,058
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
64
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
4
4
4
3
5
5
5
6
4
4
4
4
52
23
14
23
16
28
32
31
27
12
15
27
30
279
318
289
294
275
287
317
356
350
321
292
279
314
3,692
E 12
E 11
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 139
330
300
306
285
298
329
368
363
332
303
291
326
3,831
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
363
312
675
1
1
2
13
11
24
377
324
701
5
4
9
1
1
3
4
3
6
30
7
36
339
309
648
E 12
E 11
E 23
351
320
671

632
623
2
2
24
24
658
649
10
8
2
2
8
6
36
34
606
598
E 23
E 23
629
621

b Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
d Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus
exports.
e Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the
point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 2, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
f Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning
138
in 1996, other energy service providers.

h Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
beginning in 1973.
93
Figure 7.2

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 19492013

2,500
Coal
2,000
1,500
Natural Gas
Renewable Energya
1,000

500
Petroleum
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly
Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2013
200
2,000
Nuclear Electric
Power
2010
1,572
150
1,500
Coal
100
Natural Gas
1,020
1,000
789
50
487
500
Renewable Energya
Petroleum
Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2013
24
2012
2013
2014
Coal
Natural
Gas
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energya
Petroleum
Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2013
100
6.4
87.4
6
80
5
60
4
3
40
2.5
27.7
2
20
0.8
13.0
8.9
0.2
0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
a
Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar/PV,
and wind.
b
Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived
from fossil fuels.
94
3.4
2.5
0
Natural
Gas
Wood
Coal
Other
Gases b
Hydro- Petroleum
electric
Power c
Conventional hydroelectric power.

Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

(Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storagee
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
1950 Total ................

1955 Total ................
1960 Total ................
1965 Total ................
1970 Total ................
1975 Total ................
1980 Total ................
1985 Total ................
1990 Totalk ..............
1995 Total ................
2000 Total ................
2001 Total ................
2002 Total ................
2003 Total ................
2004 Total ................
2005 Total ................
2006 Total ................
2007 Total ................
2008 Total ................
2009 Total ................
2010 Total ................
2011 Total ................
154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,594,011
1,709,426
1,966,265
1,903,956
1,933,130
1,973,737
1,978,301
2,012,873
1,990,511
2,016,456
1,985,801
1,755,904
1,847,290
1,733,430
33,734
44,559
37,138
95,285
47,987
157,970
64,801
221,559
184,183
372,890
289,095
299,778
245,994
346,240
100,202
291,946
126,460
372,765
74,554
496,058
111,221
601,038
124,880
639,129
94,567
691,006
119,406
649,908
121,145
710,100
122,225
760,960
64,166
816,441
65,739
896,590
46,243
882,981
38,937
920,979
37,061
987,697
30,182 1,013,689
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,383
13,870
13,955
9,039
11,463
15,600
15,252
13,464
14,177
13,453
11,707
10,632
11,313
11,566
0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421
100,885
116,236
149,440
196,984
250,957
303,153
279,182
284,311
292,866
310,833
275,573
216,961
264,329
275,806
268,417
270,321
289,246
247,510
254,831
273,445
260,203
319,355
390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
32,522
36,521
37,595
35,200
38,665
37,529
38,117
38,856
38,762
39,014
37,300
36,050
37,172
37,449
NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
13,260
20,405
23,131
14,548
15,044
15,812
15,421
15,420
16,099
16,525
17,734
18,443
18,917
19,222
NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,212
1,818
6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,652
120,177
334,088
550,299
759,156
1,058,386
1,535,111
1,920,755
2,289,600
2,473,002
3,037,827
3,353,487
3,802,105
3,736,644
3,858,452
3,883,185
3,970,555
4,055,423
4,064,702
4,156,745
4,119,388
3,950,331
4,125,060
4,100,141
2012 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
129,091
113,872
105,526
96,285
115,983
131,261
160,450
152,181
125,589
120,999
128,727
134,079
1,514,043
2,477
90,761
1,902
90,610
1,541
92,251
1,503
94,829
1,730
107,352
2,068
115,598
2,340
138,863
2,118
131,736
1,860
108,012
1,805
91,725
1,810
80,169
2,036
83,989
23,190 1,225,894
1,017
1,044
1,076
1,057
1,002
972
1,042
1,050
904
895
875
963
11,898
72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331
-348
-237
-281
-265
-371
-507
-619
-529
-431
-378
-409
-576
-4,950
23,107
20,283
25,909
26,294
28,643
26,659
26,491
23,034
17,604
16,501
18,732
22,984
276,240
3,314
3,111
3,034
2,704
2,937
3,081
3,352
3,370
3,227
3,113
3,190
3,365
37,799
1,601
1,504
1,623
1,583
1,654
1,612
1,721
1,726
1,626
1,716
1,684
1,773
19,823
1,263
1,193
1,285
1,248
1,304
1,277
1,321
1,304
1,300
1,329
1,347
1,390
15,562
95
135
231
319
463
527
510
461
458
431
347
349
4,327
13,632
11,052
14,026
12,709
12,541
11,972
8,822
8,469
8,790
12,636
11,649
14,524
140,822
339,528
309,389
309,091
295,228
336,518
360,826
414,640
395,700
334,585
311,651
305,975
334,635
4,047,765
2013 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
138,265
123,828
130,961
112,232
119,898
138,849
153,304
149,875
133,577
121,474
121,431
142,304
1,585,998
2,708
88,012
1,974
79,874
2,011
84,281
1,887
77,128
2,410
83,063
2,341
98,517
2,839
119,274
2,469
119,480
2,108
101,102
1,883
88,049
1,807
83,110
2,426
91,777
26,863 1,113,665
998
877
989
925
1,059
1,015
1,150
1,144
1,037
966
1,064
1,048
12,271
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017
-463
-300
-409
-288
-355
-355
-345
-454
-389
-320
-345
-402
-4,424
25,114
20,511
20,654
24,758
28,549
27,308
27,240
21,712
16,929
17,307
17,732
21,323
269,136
3,424
3,141
3,372
2,701
3,140
3,287
3,526
3,586
3,396
3,327
3,413
3,623
39,937
1,632
1,435
1,708
1,634
1,747
1,702
1,750
1,717
1,624
1,659
1,652
1,696
19,957
1,443
1,301
1,424
1,330
1,357
1,377
1,404
1,379
1,356
1,425
1,298
1,424
16,517
319
479
667
734
827
930
861
1,001
979
967
750
737
9,252
14,633
13,907
15,643
17,294
16,264
13,766
11,146
9,593
11,709
13,720
15,888
14,100
167,665
348,490
309,435
325,301
298,074
321,834
356,224
393,799
383,968
340,293
314,683
313,752
352,357
4,058,209
2014 January ............

February ..........
2-Month Total
157,699
143,908
301,607
7,130
2,788
9,918
90,489
74,987
165,477
947
760
1,706
73,064
62,639
135,703
-263
-419
-683
21,616
17,430
39,046
3,635
3,271
6,907
1,583
1,344
2,927
1,396
1,257
2,653
774
858
1,632
17,989
14,001
31,990
377,019
323,662
700,681
2013 2-Month Total

2012 2-Month Total
262,092
242,963
4,682
4,379
167,886
181,371
1,875
2,061
132,889
136,228
-762
-585
45,625
43,391
6,565
6,425
3,067
3,105
2,745
2,457
798
231
28,540
24,684
657,925
648,918
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;
hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities.
Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,
commercial plants, and industrial plants.
NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.2b and 7.2c.
95
Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storagee
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
44,559
95,285
157,970
221,559
372,890
299,778
346,240
291,946
309,486
419,179
517,978
554,940
607,683
567,303
627,172
683,829
734,417
814,752
802,372
841,006
901,389
926,290
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
621
1,927
2,028
586
1,970
2,647
3,568
3,777
4,254
4,042
3,200
3,058
2,967
2,939
0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421
95,938
112,975
145,833
193,851
247,714
300,047
276,021
281,149
289,753
305,410
271,338
213,749
260,491
271,512
265,064
267,040
286,254
245,843
253,096
271,506
258,455
317,531
390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
7,032
7,597
8,916
8,294
9,009
9,528
9,736
10,570
10,341
10,711
10,638
10,738
11,446
10,733
NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
11,500
17,986
20,307
12,944
13,145
13,808
13,062
13,031
13,927
14,294
15,379
15,954
16,376
15,989
NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,206
1,727
6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,636
120,121
329,141
547,038
755,549
1,055,252
1,531,868
1,917,649
2,286,439
2,469,841
2,901,322
3,194,230
3,637,529
3,580,053
3,698,458
3,721,159
3,808,360
3,902,192
3,908,077
4,005,343
3,974,349
3,809,837
3,972,386
3,948,186
127,874
112,774
104,410
95,284
114,930
130,147
159,178
150,941
124,496
119,952
127,648
132,923
1,500,557
2,132
83,122
1,672
83,308
1,304
85,001
1,287
87,748
1,527
99,625
1,840
107,685
2,086
130,133
1,821
123,160
1,595
100,267
1,556
84,207
1,515
72,601
1,737
75,934
20,072 1,132,791
263
256
261
254
244
253
266
266
232
225
211
253
2,984
72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331
-348
-237
-281
-265
-371
-507
-619
-529
-431
-378
-409
-576
-4,950
22,830
20,041
25,672
26,113
28,427
26,482
26,352
22,880
17,443
16,306
18,518
22,795
273,859
971
912
892
716
813
935
1,047
1,060
949
876
911
968
11,050
1,353
1,250
1,353
1,317
1,386
1,369
1,444
1,432
1,362
1,422
1,389
1,478
16,555
1,263
1,193
1,285
1,248
1,304
1,277
1,321
1,304
1,300
1,329
1,347
1,390
15,562
91
129
221
305
445
508
492
445
439
415
335
339
4,164
13,624
11,045
14,019
12,702
12,535
11,967
8,818
8,465
8,785
12,628
11,642
14,517
140,749
326,186
296,790
296,498
283,182
323,599
347,760
400,315
381,494
321,586
298,905
293,046
320,996
3,890,358
2013 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
137,168
122,759
129,790
111,221
118,735
137,631
151,994
148,684
132,449
120,361
120,290
141,097
1,572,179
2,428
79,820
1,799
72,491
1,766
76,346
1,644
70,014
2,136
75,479
2,089
90,813
2,561
111,040
2,201
111,354
1,871
93,574
1,682
80,497
1,673
75,197
2,245
83,337
24,094 1,019,962
244
198
220
226
274
284
323
321
303
295
333
325
3,345
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017
-463
-300
-409
-288
-355
-355
-345
-454
-389
-320
-345
-402
-4,424
24,794
20,163
20,352
24,501
28,225
27,010
26,925
21,473
16,698
17,077
17,527
20,994
265,738
1,016
908
1,011
669
921
985
1,094
1,172
1,091
1,038
1,124
1,200
12,228
1,344
1,172
1,410
1,358
1,469
1,413
1,449
1,407
1,327
1,347
1,346
1,376
16,416
1,443
1,301
1,424
1,330
1,357
1,377
1,404
1,379
1,356
1,425
1,298
1,424
16,517
308
461
642
704
794
896
831
962
943
933
728
716
8,918
14,626
13,899
15,634
17,284
16,254
13,758
11,139
9,587
11,702
13,713
15,879
14,091
167,567
334,716
296,860
311,758
286,013
308,782
342,970
379,613
370,063
327,318
301,805
300,597
338,299
3,898,792
2014 January ............

February ..........
2-Month Total
156,370
142,691
299,061
6,780
2,562
9,342
82,449
67,888
150,337
304
241
545
73,064
62,639
135,703
-263
-419
-683
21,268
17,179
38,447
1,263
1,112
2,375
1,281
1,098
2,379
1,396
1,257
2,653
754
841
1,595
17,977
13,991
31,968
363,189
311,554
674,743
2013 2-Month Total

2012 2-Month Total
259,928
240,647
4,227
3,804
152,311
166,430
442
519
132,889
136,228
-762
-585
44,956
42,870
1,924
1,884
2,515
2,603
2,745
2,457
768
220
28,526
24,670
631,576
622,977
1950 Total ................

1955 Total ................
1960 Total ................
1965 Total ................
1970 Total ................
1975 Total ................
1980 Total ................
1985 Total ................
1990 Totalk ..............
1995 Total ................
2000 Total ................
2001 Total ................
2002 Total ................
2003 Total ................
2004 Total ................
2005 Total ................
2006 Total ................
2007 Total ................
2008 Total ................
2009 Total ................
2010 Total ................
2011 Total ................
154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,572,109
1,686,056
1,943,111
1,882,826
1,910,613
1,952,714
1,957,188
1,992,054
1,969,737
1,998,390
1,968,838
1,741,123
1,827,738
1,717,891
2012 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
33,734
37,138
47,987
64,801
184,183
289,095
245,994
100,202
118,864
68,146
105,192
119,149
89,733
113,697
114,678
116,482
59,708
61,306
42,881
35,811
34,679
28,202
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.
96
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilites and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.
Notes:

Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Coalc
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Totalg
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Other
Gasesh
Hydroelectric
Poweri
Biomass
Woodj
Wastef
Totalk
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
796
998
1,097
995
992
1,206
1,340
1,353
1,310
1,371
1,261
1,096
1,111
1,049
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
589
379
432
438
431
423
499
375
235
189
142
163
124
89
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,272
5,162
4,262
4,434
4,310
3,899
3,969
4,249
4,355
4,257
4,188
4,225
4,725
5,487
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
812
1,519
1,985
1,007
1,053
1,289
1,562
1,657
1,599
1,599
1,534
1,748
1,672
2,315
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,837
8,232
7,903
7,416
7,415
7,496
8,270
8,492
8,371
8,273
7,926
8,165
8,592
10,080
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
21,107
22,372
22,056
20,135
21,525
19,817
19,773
19,466
19,464
16,694
15,703
13,686
18,441
14,490
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7,008
6,030
5,597
5,293
4,403
5,285
5,967
5,368
4,223
4,243
3,219
2,963
2,258
1,891
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
60,007
71,717
78,798
79,755
79,013
78,705
78,959
72,882
77,669
77,580
76,421
75,748
81,583
81,911
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,641
11,943
11,927
8,454
9,493
12,953
11,684
9,687
9,923
9,411
8,507
7,574
8,343
8,624
4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
2,975
5,304
4,135
3,145
3,825
4,222
3,248
3,195
2,899
1,590
1,676
1,868
1,668
1,799
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25,379
28,868
28,652
26,888
29,643
27,988
28,367
28,271
28,400
28,287
26,641
25,292
25,706
26,691
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
949
900
839
596
846
715
797
733
572
631
821
740
869
917
4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
130,830
151,025
156,673
149,175
152,580
154,530
153,925
144,739
148,254
143,128
137,113
132,329
144,082
141,875
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
83
81
74
66
69
79
83
81
66
57
67
77
883
15
16
12
17
12
21
19
19
15
20
16
16
196
543
531
537
510
541
585
716
620
537
513
488
483
6,603
186
182
188
187
193
180
198
208
196
200
199
203
2,319
916
900
911
888
930
975
1,135
1,046
930
904
876
888
11,301
1,135
1,017
1,041
935
984
1,035
1,189
1,159
1,026
990
1,012
1,079
12,603
330
214
225
199
191
207
234
279
250
229
280
283
2,922
7,096
6,771
6,713
6,571
7,186
7,327
8,013
7,956
7,209
7,006
7,080
7,573
86,500
754
788
815
803
758
719
776
784
672
670
664
709
8,913
275
240
234
178
212
175
137
152
159
192
213
186
2,353
2,340
2,197
2,140
1,986
2,122
2,144
2,303
2,308
2,277
2,235
2,277
2,394
26,725
62
72
82
79
75
62
79
85
68
94
96
93
948
12,425
11,699
11,681
11,158
11,988
12,091
13,190
13,160
12,069
11,841
12,052
12,751
146,107
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
76
83
72
55
67
75
77
66
54
54
51
69
799
34
25
16
16
18
17
27
17
16
16
16
30
248
558
503
516
440
491
512
606
587
543
500
528
566
6,351
202
184
217
195
200
205
213
218
212
218
209
222
2,496
980
904
955
841
909
948
1,065
1,041
972
923
928
1,014
11,480
1,020
986
1,099
956
1,097
1,142
1,233
1,125
1,075
1,059
1,090
1,138
13,020
246
150
229
227
256
235
251
251
221
185
117
151
2,521
7,634
6,880
7,419
6,674
7,093
7,192
7,628
7,539
6,984
7,052
7,385
7,873
87,352
755
678
769
700
785
731
827
823
734
671
731
722
8,926
317
345
298
253
320
295
312
235
230
228
204
326
3,363
2,406
2,230
2,359
2,029
2,218
2,300
2,429
2,412
2,303
2,288
2,285
2,418
27,678
86
79
81
81
78
84
88
92
85
95
97
98
1,044
12,795
11,671
12,589
11,220
12,143
12,306
13,121
12,864
12,003
11,955
12,227
13,044
147,937
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
105
97
201
128
44
172
564
516
1,080
213
177
390
1,137
943
2,079
1,225
1,121
2,346
222
182
404
7,476
6,583
14,059
643
519
1,162
344
247
591
2,367
2,154
4,521
89
69
158
12,694
11,166
23,859

159
164
59
30
1,061
1,074
387
367
1,884
1,816
2,006
2,152
396
544
14,514
13,867
1,433
1,542
663
515
4,637
4,538
165
135
24,466
24,125
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, other gases,
photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, wood, and other, which are not separately
displayed.
h Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

i Conventional hydroelectric power.
j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
k Includes photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001,
NA=Not available.
beginning in 1973.
97
Figure 7.3
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
Coal by Sector, 19892013
Petroleum by Sector, 19892013

300
1.2
250
Totala
Totala
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
200
150
Electric Power
100
0.3
50
Industrial
Industrial
0
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892013
Natural Gas by Sector, 19892013
200
10
Totala
8
Total
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
150
a
Electric Power
100
Industrial
50
Electric Power
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Wood by Sector, 19892013
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Waste by Sector, 19892013

400
750
300
Total
200
Electric Power
Totala
250
Industrial
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
500
100
Industrial
Electric Power
0
0
1990
a
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b
98
Commercial
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
792,457
860,594
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
1,042,335
934,683
979,684
934,938
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
18,143
19,615
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
12,832
12,658
14,050
11,231
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
190,652
95,507
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
38,191
28,576
23,997
14,251
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
437
680
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
2,822
2,328
2,056
1,844
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,914
3,355
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
5,417
4,821
4,994
5,012
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
218,800
132,578
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
80,932
67,668
65,071
52,387
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,692
4,738
5,691
5,832
6,126
5,616
5,675
6,036
6,462
7,089
6,896
7,121
7,680
7,884
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
112
133
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
84
90
91
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
442
480
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
320
350
348
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
211
316
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
272
281
279
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36
42
46
160
191
193
183
173
172
168
172
170
184
205
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
70,744
62,974
57,468
51,806
62,801
71,656
86,516
82,676
69,478
66,486
69,913
73,217
825,734
856
666
627
701
885
877
954
752
656
703
749
857
9,285
1,019
775
889
811
850
1,305
1,585
1,134
839
912
804
832
11,755
57
103
114
100
129
137
143
128
95
107
94
357
1,565
476
363
226
212
255
280
307
338
314
280
314
308
3,675
4,315
3,358
2,762
2,674
3,140
3,719
4,220
3,704
3,161
3,124
3,215
3,585
40,977
677
672
704
742
843
912
1,118
1,039
835
700
612
630
9,485
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
8
8
8
103
35
33
31
28
30
32
35
35
33
32
32
35
390
24
22
24
23
24
24
25
25
24
25
25
26
290
17
16
17
16
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
204
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
74,985
67,141
70,395
60,899
64,737
75,178
83,223
81,984
72,704
66,359
65,902
77,283
860,790
1,014
676
654
661
816
681
1,085
693
661
606
733
1,016
9,294
1,569
1,010
832
827
817
903
1,466
979
831
801
744
1,174
11,952
231
134
96
110
116
92
156
103
110
87
106
163
1,505
382
313
371
347
475
481
480
495
452
408
309
378
4,893
4,726
3,386
3,435
3,334
4,123
4,082
5,108
4,251
3,862
3,535
3,127
4,245
47,214
660
593
632
587
641
765
939
929
777
665
629
694
8,512
9
8
9
8
10
9
10
10
9
9
10
9
109
32
29
32
25
30
32
34
35
32
32
33
35
380
23
21
24
23
24
24
25
24
23
24
23
26
285
14
13
15
14
15
16
16
16
15
15
14
16
182
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
83,710
76,350
160,061
4,918
1,294
6,211
4,426
1,552
5,978
1,032
179
1,211
446
376
822
12,607
4,905
17,511
689
573
1,262
9
7
16
36
33
69
23
20
44
14
12
27

142,126
133,718
1,690
1,522
2,579
1,793
365
161
696
839
8,112
7,673
1,254
1,349
16
18
61
67
44
46
28
33
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 19491979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19491979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011,
propane.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
99
Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
781,301
847,854
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
1,036,891
929,692
971,245
928,857
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,394
18,066
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
12,318
11,848
13,677
10,961
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
183,285
88,895
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
37,222
27,768
23,560
13,861
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25
441
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
2,608
2,110
1,848
1,655
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,452
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
5,000
4,485
4,679
4,726
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
204,745
119,663
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
77,149
64,151
62,477
50,105
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,147
4,094
5,014
5,142
5,408
4,909
5,075
5,485
5,891
6,502
6,342
6,567
7,085
7,265
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
18
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
21
20
18
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
106
106
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
160
177
166
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
180
282
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
244
249
241
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
122
115
116
133
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
70,305
62,572
57,053
51,427
62,417
71,251
86,036
82,209
69,074
66,104
69,521
72,791
820,762
809
649
607
683
868
853
926
726
634
681
728
835
9,000
965
735
848
778
803
1,278
1,547
1,099
807
868
769
795
11,292
38
80
93
82
112
121
127
110
80
88
78
331
1,339
389
307
168
157
200
222
244
257
241
220
229
226
2,861
3,759
2,997
2,388
2,328
2,784
3,364
3,821
3,222
2,726
2,735
2,722
3,092
35,937
621
619
650
689
785
852
1,052
974
777
644
556
571
8,788
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
19
15
14
14
11
13
15
16
16
15
13
14
15
171
20
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
20
21
21
22
250
11
10
11
10
11
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
132
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
74,596
66,767
69,973
60,534
64,318
74,740
82,750
81,553
72,293
65,968
65,509
76,857
855,856
987
658
636
639
796
662
1,053
668
643
587
716
998
9,044
1,497
963
801
801
785
871
1,419
949
807
776
718
1,121
11,507
218
129
88
100
99
86
148
95
101
82
97
150
1,393
323
284
305
281
403
412
410
426
387
356
279
342
4,207
4,317
3,171
3,052
2,943
3,696
3,677
4,669
3,842
3,486
3,226
2,925
3,978
42,981
600
538
574
535
586
708
878
869
723
610
571
633
7,825
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
26
15
14
15
10
14
15
17
17
16
16
17
18
184
20
17
20
20
21
21
22
20
20
20
20
23
244
10
9
11
10
11
11
12
11
11
10
10
12
127
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
83,248
75,927
159,175
4,833
1,263
6,096
4,219
1,474
5,693
1,013
167
1,181
404
332
736
12,087
4,564
16,651
631
521
1,152
3
2
5
19
18
37
20
17
37
10
9
19

141,362
132,877
1,646
1,458
2,460
1,699
346
117
607
696
7,488
6,756
1,139
1,240
3
3
29
30
37
39
19
21
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.
100

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
417
569
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
369
317
314
347
953
649
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
166
190
172
137
28
43
37
36
33
38
33
34
35
34
33
34
39
47
15
21
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
23
24
31
10,740
12,171
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
5,075
4,674
8,125
5,735
13,103
12,265
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
3,617
3,328
2,422
2,145
517
601
640
654
685
668
566
518
536
554
520
520
555
572
104
114
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
62
70
74
335
373
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
160
172
182
16
13
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
8
7
36
40
45
44
43
46
41
46
45
41
39
42
55
57
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
29
27
26
23
22
26
28
28
24
21
25
27
307
29
19
17
17
25
24
33
28
19
22
24
24
279
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
6
5
5
4
4
63
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
33
410
374
388
356
361
379
452
439
381
361
366
398
4,665
528
342
357
329
332
332
367
454
417
366
469
469
4,761
51
49
48
48
53
55
59
59
53
52
51
55
633
7
7
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
84
19
18
17
17
17
18
19
19
18
18
19
20
219
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
54
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
31
28
29
23
26
28
28
26
23
20
22
25
309
54
32
15
17
19
21
42
20
18
15
17
41
312
5
5
5
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
60
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
33
359
347
393
342
394
410
444
404
388
371
371
401
4,624
355
183
368
374
408
384
397
388
357
294
185
225
3,921
55
50
53
48
50
52
55
55
50
50
53
56
628
7
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
7
6
7
6
84
17
16
16
15
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
17
195
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
37
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
34
32
66
210
68
279
5
5
10
3
2
5
429
391
820
310
272
582
53
47
101
6
5
11
16
15
32
1
1
1
3
2
5

59
56
86
47
10
10
5
5
705
784
539
869
105
100
13
14
32
37
1
1
6
9

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Through 1988,
data are not available. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note
2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
101
Figure 7.4
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output
Coal by Sector, 19892013
Petroleum by Sector, 19892013

360
1.2
Totala
270
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
Totala
180
Electric Power
90
0.3
Industrial
Industrial
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892013
Natural Gas by Sector, 19892013
400
12
Totala
Electric Power
300
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
Totala
Industrial
200
100
Electric Power
Industrial
0
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
Wood by Sector, 19892013
1995
2000
2005
2010
Waste by Sector, 19892013
1.6
500
Total
400
Total
Industrial
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.2
0.8
300
200
Electric Power
0.4
100
Commercial
Electric Power
0.0
1990
a
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b
102
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
811,538
881,012
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
1,064,503
955,190
1,001,411
956,470
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
20,194
21,697
34,572
33,724
24,749
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
14,137
14,800
15,247
11,735
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
209,081
112,168
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
43,477
33,672
26,944
16,877
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,332
1,322
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
3,765
3,218
2,777
2,540
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
2,832
4,590
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
6,314
5,828
6,053
6,092
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
244,765
158,140
217,494
234,940
183,409
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
92,948
80,830
75,231
61,610
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
4,346
5,572
6,677
6,731
6,986
6,337
6,727
7,021
7,404
7,962
7,689
7,938
8,502
8,724
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
288
313
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
300
259
262
282
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
1,256
1,382
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
1,263
1,137
1,226
1,241
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
257
374
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
328
333
346
340
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86
97
109
229
252
262
254
237
247
239
212
228
237
261
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
72,764
64,771
59,077
53,176
64,319
73,142
88,115
84,307
70,951
68,030
71,512
74,901
845,066
1,119
726
670
736
914
919
986
779
685
735
781
896
9,945
1,251
907
1,019
936
998
1,437
1,734
1,286
970
1,104
956
974
13,571
117
154
208
152
181
178
185
171
130
154
138
418
2,185
605
470
335
299
346
380
426
471
430
397
435
426
5,021
5,510
4,139
3,570
3,320
3,825
4,434
5,034
4,590
3,935
3,979
4,052
4,416
50,805
752
742
774
813
916
987
1,201
1,119
907
771
681
706
10,371
26
26
27
27
26
25
26
26
23
23
23
25
302
110
104
103
96
103
104
109
111
107
106
107
112
1,273
29
27
30
28
29
28
30
30
28
31
32
33
355
21
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
252
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
76,673
68,685
72,066
62,367
66,235
76,646
84,745
83,487
74,138
67,909
67,487
78,938
879,377
1,079
733
711
721
870
737
1,148
759
701
647
778
1,062
9,946
1,745
1,185
983
988
986
1,060
1,633
1,134
969
950
887
1,352
13,871
274
158
124
150
155
119
180
127
139
110
130
207
1,872
525
440
476
451
526
538
551
562
520
517
420
511
6,037
5,724
4,278
4,196
4,115
4,639
4,605
5,715
4,831
4,411
4,292
3,895
5,174
55,874
740
664
708
659
714
835
1,013
1,006
849
738
704
777
9,407
25
23
25
24
25
24
27
26
25
25
24
25
298
111
99
108
96
103
106
117
112
105
106
109
114
1,286
30
27
30
28
29
30
31
29
28
30
29
33
355
17
16
18
17
18
18
19
18
18
17
16
18
209
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
85,411
77,935
163,346
5,145
1,372
6,517
4,781
1,776
6,557
1,125
218
1,343
530
429
960
13,703
5,514
19,217
772
651
1,424
24
22
46
110
101
211
29
25
55
17
14
31

145,359
137,536
1,812
1,845
2,930
2,158
431
270
966
1,075
10,001
9,649
1,404
1,495
48
52
210
214
57
56
32
41
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.

for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
beginning in 1973.
103
Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,567
18,553
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
12,547
12,035
13,790
11,021
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
184,915
90,023
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
38,241
28,782
24,503
14,803
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
26
499
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
2,670
2,210
1,877
1,658
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,674
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
5,119
4,611
4,777
4,837
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
206,550
122,447
185,358
206,291
156,996
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
79,056
66,081
64,055
51,667
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
24
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
61
55
52
50
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
131
124
124
143
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
70,594
62,804
57,266
51,593
62,648
71,480
86,283
82,484
69,309
66,343
69,740
73,009
823,551
834
667
610
686
873
856
931
729
637
685
732
839
9,080
1,057
796
898
841
883
1,364
1,624
1,178
884
951
850
877
12,203
38
80
93
82
112
121
127
110
80
88
78
331
1,339
400
318
178
166
211
228
253
267
250
229
238
236
2,974
3,930
3,131
2,493
2,439
2,924
3,481
3,949
3,353
2,852
2,866
2,851
3,226
37,495
649
645
674
714
812
880
1,082
1,004
803
669
580
600
9,111
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
54
17
16
16
13
14
16
18
18
16
15
15
16
190
22
20
22
21
22
22
23
23
21
22
23
24
262
12
11
12
11
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
12
143
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
74,798
66,944
70,214
60,725
64,544
74,964
82,986
81,788
72,493
66,163
65,688
77,043
858,351
997
672
644
646
803
668
1,059
673
648
593
722
1,005
9,131
1,547
1,028
882
882
870
950
1,503
1,033
895
866
799
1,207
12,464
218
129
88
101
99
86
148
95
101
82
97
150
1,394
333
293
315
291
412
418
419
436
395
366
288
351
4,317
4,429
3,293
3,190
3,084
3,830
3,794
4,805
3,980
3,618
3,370
3,060
4,117
44,572
629
565
601
561
613
734
906
898
749
636
598
662
8,153
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
53
17
15
17
12
16
17
19
20
18
18
19
20
207
22
19
22
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
21
24
258
11
10
11
11
12
12
13
12
11
11
11
12
136
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
83,459
76,144
159,603
4,914
1,280
6,194
4,275
1,549
5,824
1,050
167
1,217
413
339
751
12,302
4,690
16,992
662
554
1,216
4
3
8
22
20
43
21
18
39
11
9
20

141,743
133,398
1,669
1,501
2,575
1,853
346
117
626
718
7,722
7,061
1,194
1,293
8
9
32
33
40
42
21
23
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.
104
Notes:

Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668
2,056
1,245
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
671
521
437
333
46
78
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
66
76
86
87
28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43
27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319
36,159
34,448
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
13,222
14,228
10,740
9,610
1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063
275
290
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
239
204
210
232
1,125
1,255
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
1,084
955
1,029
1,057
41
38
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
35
35
47
43
86
95
108
101
92
103
94
94
102
98
60
82
91
94
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
155
135
128
102
108
109
120
120
107
101
124
141
1,450
87
29
31
19
27
28
61
41
27
31
38
39
457
9
9
9
9
9
10
12
11
9
9
8
8
111
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45
2,015
1,832
1,684
1,481
1,563
1,553
1,712
1,703
1,535
1,587
1,649
1,751
20,065
1,493
979
1,047
863
873
925
1,024
1,197
1,056
1,082
1,163
1,151
12,853
94
89
91
90
95
98
107
105
96
94
93
98
1,149
21
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
19
18
19
21
249
94
88
87
83
89
88
92
93
91
91
92
96
1,082
3
4
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
47
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
7
7
7
81
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
148
139
136
108
114
105
103
105
100
98
120
134
1,412
86
54
29
26
30
32
61
36
33
28
30
69
514
9
9
9
8
8
8
10
10
8
8
9
10
107
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
46
1,728
1,601
1,716
1,533
1,577
1,576
1,656
1,594
1,545
1,647
1,679
1,760
19,613
1,208
930
976
1,005
779
779
849
816
759
894
805
988
10,788
102
91
98
90
93
93
97
98
91
93
97
105
1,147
21
19
21
20
21
20
22
21
20
20
19
20
245
94
84
91
83
87
89
98
92
87
88
90
94
1,077
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
51
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
46
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
149
147
296
318
110
428
10
9
19
4
3
8
1,803
1,644
3,447
1,083
714
1,797
101
88
189
20
18
38
88
80
168
4
4
8
4
3
7

287
290
140
115
18
18
8
7
3,329
3,847
2,139
2,472
193
183
40
43
177
181
9
7
7
13
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
105
Figure 7.5
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 19492013
200
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Petroleum, 19492013
Million Barrels
150
100
50
0
1950
1955
1960
Coal, Monthly
Total Petroleum, Monthly
250
40
30
Million Barrels
Million Short Tons
200
150
100
20
10
50
2012
2013
2014
0
J
2012
2014
0
J

Source: Table 7.5.
106
2013
Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Petroleum
Coala
Thousand Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oilc
Other Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Petroleum Cokee
Totale,f
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
1950 Year .............................

1955 Year .............................
1960 Year .............................
1965 Year .............................
1970 Year .............................
1975 Year .............................
1980 Year .............................
1985 Year .............................
1990 Year .............................
1995 Year .............................
2000 Yearg ...........................
2001 Year .............................
2002 Year .............................
2003 Year .............................
2004 Year .............................
2005 Year .............................
2006 Year .............................
2007 Year .............................
2008 Year .............................
2009 Year .............................
2010 Year .............................
2011 Year .............................
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16,432
30,023
16,386
16,471
15,392
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
17,761
17,886
16,758
16,649
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
108,825
105,351
57,304
67,030
35,102
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
21,088
19,068
16,629
15,491
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
1,955
2,257
2,319
2,707
NA
NA
NA
NA
239
31
52
49
94
65
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
739
1,394
1,019
508
10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
125,413
135,635
73,933
83,970
50,821
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
44,498
46,181
40,800
37,387
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
180,091
186,866
195,380
202,265
203,137
197,924
183,958
178,537
182,020
186,396
188,291
185,116
16,682
16,500
16,413
16,371
16,290
16,248
16,700
16,123
16,059
16,019
16,031
16,433
15,242
15,150
15,324
15,154
14,814
14,600
13,872
13,668
13,524
13,406
13,221
12,999
2,736
2,780
2,815
2,850
2,868
2,899
2,930
2,827
2,734
2,757
2,793
2,792
409
374
453
457
406
458
406
336
353
406
416
495
36,704
36,300
36,817
36,661
36,002
36,038
35,534
34,302
34,081
34,212
34,126
34,698
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
178,747
175,325
171,518
172,654
176,670
170,534
159,536
154,119
152,185
153,352
155,754
147,973
16,329
16,315
16,209
16,009
15,894
15,898
15,696
15,637
15,511
15,652
15,793
15,735
12,161
11,935
12,869
12,451
12,412
12,134
11,677
12,157
12,212
12,384
12,911
12,863
2,673
2,631
2,600
2,592
2,588
2,594
2,551
2,534
2,493
2,451
2,466
2,446
442
442
406
455
442
407
394
260
309
291
338
390
33,373
33,090
33,710
33,326
33,105
32,663
31,895
31,628
31,760
31,941
32,858
32,994
2014 January ........................

February ......................
132,324
118,949
14,605
15,384
9,923
10,623
2,242
2,278
298
265
28,260
29,609
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 19731979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also
include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19731979, data are for steam plant stocks of
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of
waste oil.
f Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. Beginning in 1970, also includes
petroleum coke. Beginning in 2002, also includes other liquids.
NA=Not available.
Notes:

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Stocks
are at end of period. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of

beginning in 1973.
Sources: 1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report." October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 19821988: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." 19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and
Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA,
Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 forward: EIA, Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
107
Figure 7.6
Electricity End Use

Retail Salesa by Sector, February 2014
Electricity End Use Overview, 19892013
150
5,000
130.5
125
4,000
104.7
Total
3,000
100
Retail Salesa
73.1
75
2,000
50
1,000
25
Direct Useb
0.7
Residential
1990
1995
2000
2005
Commercial
Industrial
Transportationd
2010
Retail Salesa by Sector, 19492013

1,500
Residential
Commercialc
Industrial
1,000
500
Transportation d
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Retail Salesa by Sector, Monthly
1985
1995
2000
700
Commercialc
Residential
600
125
500
100
400
75
1990
2005
2010
Retail Salesa Total, February
175
150
1980
Industrial
50
648
598
606
2012
2013
300
200
25
100
Transportation d
0
2012
2013
2014
a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by utilities and
other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.
c
Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, inte r-
108
0
2014
departmental sales, and other sales to public authorites.

d
Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
Source: Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Electricity End Use

(Million Kilowatthours)
Discontinued
Retail Sales Series
Retail Salesa
Transportationd
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
72,200
128,401
201,463
291,013
466,291
588,140
717,495
793,934
924,019
1,042,501
1,192,446
1,201,607
1,265,180
1,275,824
1,291,982
1,359,227
1,351,520
1,392,241
1,379,981
1,364,474
1,445,708
1,422,801
E 65,971
E 102,547
E 159,144
E 231,126
E 352,041
E 468,296
E 6,793
E 5,826
E 3,066
E 2,923
E 3,115
E 2,974
558,643
689,121
838,263
953,117
1,159,347
1,190,518
1,204,531
1,198,728
1,230,425
1,275,079
1,299,744
1,336,315
1,335,981
1,307,168
1,330,199
1,328,057
146,479
259,974
324,402
428,727
570,854
687,680
815,067
836,772
945,522
1,012,693
1,064,239
996,609
990,238
1,012,373
1,017,850
1,019,156
1,011,298
1,027,832
1,009,300
917,442
970,873
991,316
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
125,881
107,975
99,362
88,103
100,895
122,934
154,579
147,941
118,831
96,669
97,155
114,188
1,374,515
105,239
100,080
102,474
101,037
110,800
118,009
128,535
128,106
116,585
110,471
101,641
104,122
1,327,101
79,205
78,298
81,298
81,030
84,678
83,619
87,219
88,105
82,060
82,996
78,847
78,360
985,714
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Total
Retail Salese
Direct Usef
Total
End Useg
Commercial
(Old) h
Other
(Old) i
3,244
4,147
4,751
4,975
5,382
5,724
5,517
6,810
7,224
7,506
7,358
8,173
7,700
7,781
7,712
7,672
291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,712,555
3,013,287
3,421,414
3,394,458
3,465,466
3,493,734
3,547,479
3,660,969
3,669,919
3,764,561
3,732,962
3,596,865
3,754,493
3,749,846
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
124,529
150,677
170,943
162,649
166,184
168,295
168,470
150,016
146,927
125,670
132,197
126,938
131,910
132,754
291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,837,084
3,163,963
3,592,357
3,557,107
3,631,650
3,662,029
3,715,949
3,810,984
3,816,845
3,890,231
3,865,159
3,723,803
3,886,403
3,882,600
50,637
79,389
130,702
200,470
306,703
403,049
488,155
605,989
751,027
862,685
1,055,232
1,083,069
1,104,497
22,127
28,984
31,508
33,580
48,452
68,222
73,732
87,279
91,988
95,407
109,496
113,174
105,552
650
629
597
590
595
597
629
633
613
599
569
619
7,320
310,975
286,983
283,731
270,760
296,968
325,160
370,963
364,785
318,090
290,735
278,212
297,288
3,694,650
E 11,668
E 11,018
E 11,013
E 10,535
E 11,297
E 11,427
E 12,528
E 12,423
E 11,368
E 11,146
E 11,306
E 11,927
322,643
298,001
294,744
281,294
308,266
336,586
383,490
377,208
329,457
301,882
289,518
309,216
3,832,306
E 12,046
E 10,997
E 11,844
E 10,548
E 11,414
E 11,591
E 12,406
E 12,160
E 11,347
E 11,262
E 11,504
E 12,294
137,657
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
131,354
112,857
111,784
95,297
94,978
117,708
143,438
137,734
121,114
98,656
97,812
128,357
1,391,090
107,400
100,722
103,839
101,385
108,883
117,670
127,735
127,369
118,977
112,171
103,449
108,849
1,338,448
78,141
74,453
78,097
77,633
82,086
81,411
83,703
84,701
80,298
80,463
77,536
76,205
954,725
656
649
633
623
619
629
637
634
631
589
562
665
7,525
317,551
288,681
294,352
274,937
286,566
317,418
355,513
350,437
321,020
291,879
279,359
314,076
3,691,789
E 139,414
329,597
299,678
306,196
285,484
297,980
329,010
367,919
362,598
332,367
303,141
290,863
326,369
3,831,203
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
146,435
130,478
276,913
114,230
104,662
218,892
77,616
73,135
150,751
724
723
1,448
339,006
308,997
648,003
E 12,095
E 10,589
E 22,684
351,100
319,586
670,687

244,211
233,857
208,122
205,319
152,595
157,503
1,305
1,279
606,232
597,958
E 23,043
E 22,686
629,275
620,644
a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning
in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
h "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial
sector, excluding public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and
other sales to public authorities.
i "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and
irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
beginning in 1973.
109
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through
1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions
(such as universities) and military facilities that generated
electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985,
data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military
facilities. Data for independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of one megawatt or greater;
they exclude plants with a generator nameplate capacity
less than one megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity
statistics in Section 7 are data for residential and commercial self-generation from solar energy, except for the small
amount sold to the grid and included in data for the electric
power sector.
Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into EnergyUse Sectors. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only
and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use
sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a
NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power
Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining,
including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 3133
(manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned
to the Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are
assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to
indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a
NAICS code from the list at
http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_860/instructions.doc.
Table 7.1 Sources

Net Generation, Electric Power Sector
1949 forward: Table 7.2b.
Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

19841986: DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across

International Borders.
1987 and 1988: DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
1989: DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
19902000: National Energy Board of Canada; and DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
FE-781R, Annual Report of International Electrical
Export/Import Data.
2001May 2011: National Energy Board of Canada; DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports
Report, and predecessor form; and California Independent
System Operator.
June 2011 forward: National Energy Board of Canada;
California Independent System Operator; and EIA estimates
for Texas transfers.
T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of total net generation
and imports minus end use and exports.
End Use
Table 7.2b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19821988:
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Trade
1949September 1977:
Unpublished Federal Power
Commission data.
October 19771980: Unpublished Economic Regulatory
Administration (ERA) data.
1981: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Energy Emergency Operations, Report on Electric Energy
Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year
1981, April 1982 (revised June 1982).
1982 and 1983: DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across
International Borders.
110
Table 7.2c Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 19491988
1949September 1977:
Federal Power Commission
(FPC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report, for
plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and FPC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial Electric Generating
Capacity, for all other plants.
October 19771978: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10

megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial
Electric Generating Capacity, for all other plants.
1979:
FERC, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) estimates for all other plants.
19801988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation
over the 6-year period of 19741979.
All Data, 1989 Forward

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000:
EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Report.

Report.
Table 7.6 Sources

Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial
FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue
and Income.
October 1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenue and Income.
March 19801982: FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement.
19842003: EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM), April
2014, Table 5.1.
Table 7.3b Sources

Retail Sales, Commercial
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power
Plant Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility.
Report.
Table 7.4b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission,
Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981:
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report.
19821988: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
19492002: Estimated by EIA as the sum of Commercial

(Old) and the non-transportation portion of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, April 2014, Table 5.1.
Retail Sales, Transportation

19492002: Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion
of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, April 2014, Table 5.1.
Direct Use, Annual

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
20012012: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2012, December
2013, Table 2.2.
2013: Sum of monthly estimates.
Direct Use, Monthly

1989 forward: Annual shares are calculated as annual direct
use divided by annual commercial and industrial net generation (on Table 7.1). Then monthly direct use estimates are
calculated as the annual share multiplied by the monthly
commercial and industrial net generation values. For 2013
and 2014, the 2012 annual share is used.
Discontinued Retail Sales Series Commercial (Old)

and Other (Old)
19492002: See sources for Residential and Industrial.
111
8. Nuclear
Energy
Figure 8.1
Nuclear Energy Overview
Electricity Net Generation, 19572013

5
Total
Trillion Kilowatthours
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 19572013

25
Percent
20
15
10
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
1985
Capacity Factor, Monthly
80
120
61.483
100
62.639
80
Percent
Billion Kilowatthours
63.847
60
40
60
40
20
20
0
February
2012
February
2013
February
2014
2012
2014
0
J
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear.

Sources: Tables 7.2a and 8.1.
114
2013
Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview
1957 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Total
Operable
Unitsa,b
Net Summer
Capacity of
Operable Unitsb,c
Nuclear Electricity
Net Generation
Number
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatthours
Nuclear Share
of Electricity
Net Generation
Capacity Factord
Percent
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
1
3
13
20
57
71
96
112
109
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
0.055
.411
.793
7.004
37.267
51.810
79.397
99.624
99.515
97.860
98.159
98.657
99.209
99.628
99.988
100.334
100.266
100.755
101.004
101.167
c 101.419
10
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
(s)
.1
.3
1.4
9.0
11.0
15.5
19.0
20.1
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
19.6
19.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
55.9
56.3
58.0
66.0
77.4
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
d 91.1
90.3
91.1
89.1
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
101.602
101.602
101.602
101.602
101.625
101.625
101.747
101.856
101.856
101.856
101.885
101.885
101.885
72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331
21.3
20.6
20.0
18.9
18.4
18.1
16.7
17.6
19.3
19.2
18.5
20.5
19.0
95.8
90.3
81.7
76.4
82.1
89.0
91.3
91.8
88.0
78.8
77.3
90.5
86.1
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
104
103
103
103
102
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
E 101.923
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017
20.5
19.9
19.4
19.0
19.5
18.6
17.9
18.6
19.3
20.1
20.7
20.2
19.4
E 94.2
2014 January ......................

February ....................
2-Month Total ...........
R 100
E 98.957
E 98.977
73,064
62,639
135,703
19.4
19.4
19.4
E 99.2
100
100
103
104
E 101.063
132,889
136,228
20.2
21.0
E 92.4
2013 2-Month Total ...........

2012 2-Month Total ...........
E 101.063
E 101.172
E 101.468
E 101.147
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 99.105
E 99.105
E 98.977
101.602
a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent

permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors,"
at end of section.
b At end of period.
c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity,"
at end of section. Beginning in 2011, monthly capacity values are estimated in two
steps: 1) uprates and derates reported on Form EIA-860M are added to specific
months; and 2) the difference between the resulting year-end capacity (from data
reported on Form EIA-860M) and final capacity (reported on Form EIA-860) is
allocated to the month of January.
d Beginning in 2008, capacity factor data are calculated using a new
E 90.5
E 83.6
E 77.7
E 83.4
E 93.2
E 95.8
E 96.9
E 92.3
E 85.8
E 91.2
E 96.7
E 90.1
E 94.1
E 96.8
93.1
methodology. For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor,

see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.
Notes: For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,
"Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. Nuclear electricity net
generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear (Excel
beginning in 1973.
115
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors. A reactor is
generally defined as operable while it possessed a full-power
license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its
predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent
permission to operate, at the end of the year or month
shown. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude
units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine
shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate
electricity. Examples are:
(a) In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA) units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3, and Sequoyah 1 and
2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage. All
five units were idle for several years, restarting in 2007,
1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively and were counted
as operable during the shutdowns.
(b) Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976
for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is
counted as operable from 1957 until its retirement in 1982.
(c) Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for
replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as
operable during those years.
Exceptions to the definition are Shoreham and Three Mile
Island 2. Shoreham was granted a full-power license in
April 1989, but was shut down two months later and never
restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession
Only. Although not operable at the end of the year,
Shoreham is counted as operable during 1989. A major
accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although
the unit retained its full-power license for several years, it
is considered permanently shut down since that year.
The following nuclear generating units have recently been
retired: Crystal River 3 in February 2013; Kewaunee in May
2013; and San Onofre 2 and 3 in June 2013.
Note 2. Nuclear Capacity. Nuclear generating units may
have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the
following:
(a) Net Summer CapacityThe steady hourly output that
generating equipment is expected to supply to system load,
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the
time of summer peak demand. Auxiliary power of a typical
nuclear power plant is about 5 percent of gross generation.
116
(b) Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating

(DER)The nominal net electrical output of a unit,
specified by the utility and used for plant design.
Through 2007, the monthly capacity factors are calculated
as the monthly nuclear electricity net generation divided
by the maximum possible nuclear electricity net
generation for that month. The maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation is the number of hours in the
month (assuming 24-hour days, with no adjustment for
changes to or from Daylight Savings Time) multiplied by
the net summer capacity of operable nuclear generating
units at the end of the month. That fraction is then
multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity
factors are calculated as the annual nuclear electricity net
generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation (the sum of the monthly values for
maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation). For the
methodology used to calculate capacity factors beginning in
2008, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric
Power Monthly, Appendix C notes on Average Capacity
Factors.
Table 8.1 Sources

Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of
Operable Units
19571982: Compiled from various sources, primarily U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs,
U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units:
Significant Milestones.
1983 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator
Report, and predecessor forms; Form EIA-860M,
Monthly Update to the Annual Electric Generator
Report; and monthly updates as appropriate. For a list
of operable units as of November 2011, see
http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/reactors/stats_table1.html.
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of
1957 forward: Table 7.2a.
Capacity Factor
19732007: Calculated by EIA using the method described
above in Note 2.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric
Generator Report; Form EIA-860M, Monthly Update to
the Annual Electric Generator Report; and Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report.
9. Energy
Prices
Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices

Crude Oil Prices, 19492013
120
Dollarsaper
perBarrel
Barrel
Dollars
100
80
60
Composite Refiner
Acquisition Cost
40
20
Domestic First
Purchase Price
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly

150
Dollarsa per Barrel
125
100
75
50
25
0
J
2012
F M A M J J
2013
A S O N D
2014
Refiner Prices to End Users: Selected Products, February 2014

Dollarsa per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
4.0
3.687
3.142
3.0
2.994
2.913
2.505
2.0
1.513
1.0
0.0
No. 2
Fuel Oil
No.2
Diesel Fuel
Kerosene-Type
Jet Fuel
Finished Motor
Gasoline
Residual Fuel
Oil
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.
Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7.
118
Propane
(Consumer Grade)
Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary

(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Refiner Acquisition Costb
Domestic First
Purchase Pricec
F.O.B. Cost
of Importsd
Landed Cost
of Importse
Domestic
Imported
Composite
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
7.67
21.59
24.09
20.03
14.62
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
56.35
74.71
95.73
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.18
32.37
25.84
20.37
15.69
26.27
20.46
22.63
25.86
33.75
47.60
57.03
66.36
90.32
57.78
74.19
101.66
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.70
33.67
26.67
21.13
16.78
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
93.33
60.23
76.50
102.92
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.46
8.39
24.23
26.66
22.59
17.33
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
98.47
59.49
78.01
100.71
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 2.96
13.93
33.89
26.99
21.76
17.14
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
92.77
59.17
75.86
102.63
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.40
10.38
28.07
26.75
22.22
17.23
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
94.74
59.29
76.69
101.87
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
98.99
102.04
105.42
103.62
95.57
83.59
86.10
92.53
95.98
92.24
89.64
89.81
94.52
103.96
108.56
110.65
107.17
100.79
87.89
92.50
99.63
101.03
97.75
91.86
92.69
99.78
105.27
109.23
110.62
107.55
101.56
91.90
93.68
98.70
101.34
99.22
96.20
95.01
101.00
103.97
105.93
110.80
111.22
103.04
91.66
92.64
98.58
102.17
99.07
95.28
96.56
100.72
105.25
108.08
111.00
108.54
103.26
92.18
92.99
97.04
101.82
100.92
98.07
93.70
101.09
104.71
107.18
110.92
109.68
103.17
91.96
92.84
97.70
101.97
100.02
96.78
95.06
100.93
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
94.89
95.04
95.85
94.72
95.00
94.05
101.61
103.14
102.45
96.18
88.70
91.85
96.13
95.23
100.94
100.21
95.56
96.20
96.22
101.37
101.89
100.85
92.81
88.30
R 89.90
R 96.66
95.19
99.09
98.51
95.72
97.41
96.90
101.19
103.11
101.60
94.87
89.45
R 90.04
R 97.02
103.78
103.75
103.45
102.53
101.98
100.26
106.19
108.30
107.96
103.00
96.09
97.87
102.91
97.91
99.23
99.11
96.45
98.50
97.17
101.56
104.16
103.49
97.84
90.36
90.57
98.11
100.78
101.45
101.23
99.50
100.17
98.67
103.85
106.20
105.70
100.41
93.32
94.32
100.49
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
89.59
R 91.00
R 90.25
R 97.17
R 89.63
R 93.52
R 96.77
R 93.36
R 94.58
R 102.35
R 96.04
R 99.33
NA
NA
NA
E 103.88
E 95.50
E 99.24
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a
b
c
d
e
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
See Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section.
See Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Domestic first purchase prices and refinery acquisition costs for the
current two months are preliminary. F.O.B. and landed costs for the current three
months are preliminary. Through 1980, F.O.B. and landed costs reflect the
period of reporting; beginning in 1981, they reflect the period of loading. Annual
averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
119
Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged .................

1975 Average ..................
1980 Average ..................
1985 Average ..................
1990 Average ..................
1995 Average ..................
2000 Average ..................
2001 Average ..................
2002 Average ..................
2003 Average ..................
2004 Average ..................
2005 Average ..................
2006 Average ..................
2007 Average ..................
2008 Average ..................
2009 Average ..................
2010 Average ..................
2011 Average ..................
W
10.97
33.45
26.30
20.23
16.58
27.90
23.25
24.09
28.22
37.26
52.48
62.23
67.80
95.66
57.07
78.18
111.82
20.75
16.73
29.04
24.25
24.64
28.89
37.73
51.89
59.77
67.93
91.17
57.90
72.56
100.21
11.44
31.06
25.33
19.26
15.64
25.39
18.89
21.60
24.83
31.55
43.00
52.91
61.35
84.61
56.47
72.46
100.90
7.81
11.82
35.93
28.04
22.46
17.40
28.70
24.85
25.38
29.40
38.71
55.95
65.69
76.64
102.06
64.61
80.83
115.35
3.25
10.87
28.17
22.04
20.36
W
24.62
18.98
23.92
25.03
34.08
47.96
56.09
W
93.03
57.87
76.44
107.08
34.36
27.64
23.43
16.94
27.21
23.30
24.50
28.76
37.30
54.48
66.03
69.96
96.33
65.63
W
5.39
11.04
24.81
23.64
19.55
13.86
24.45
18.01
20.13
23.81
31.78
46.39
55.80
64.10
88.06
55.58
70.30
97.23
3.68
10.88
28.92
23.31
18.54
W
24.72
18.89
23.38
25.17
33.08
47.21
56.02
69.93
91.44
59.53
75.65
106.47
5.43
11.34
32.21
25.67
20.40
15.36
25.56
19.73
22.18
25.36
33.95
49.60
59.18
69.58
93.15
58.53
75.23
105.34
4.80
10.62
32.85
25.96
20.32
16.02
26.77
21.04
22.93
26.21
33.58
45.79
55.35
62.69
87.15
57.16
73.24
98.49
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
111.10
121.45
W
118.84
110.79
95.65
W
W
112.75
W
W
111.23
106.69
114.47
118.46
114.06
101.27
91.81
96.83
106.16
108.59
105.77
103.75
101.24
106.43
107.79
110.14
114.81
110.54
103.12
90.60
95.03
101.12
102.49
98.98
93.45
94.19
101.84
114.12
124.31
128.10
W
110.79
98.96
103.86
114.62
111.74
W
W
114.51
W
W
W
W
W
91.90
W
W
107.14
W
W
W
106.65
105.08
110.37
112.76
109.33
101.45
87.64
93.81
99.94
101.00
98.10
93.15
92.99
100.15
107.51
111.12
118.06
115.02
105.16
90.55
95.47
104.87
105.58
102.70
101.91
102.93
105.45
107.51
113.85
117.06
113.85
105.28
90.63
96.30
104.18
105.05
101.29
95.94
98.04
104.39
101.40
103.42
104.65
101.42
96.74
85.28
88.46
95.13
97.52
95.05
89.37
87.64
95.71
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
W
W
W
W
103.46
103.67
W
W
113.86
W
W
107.71
106.99
106.45
101.31
99.58
98.97
98.56
102.20
105.59
103.16
W
W
95.50
101.24
100.16
108.25
105.16
99.95
99.21
97.16
101.27
100.97
100.14
93.76
88.56
90.25
98.40
W
W
111.03
W
106.45
W
W
111.28
W
110.06
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
103.53
98.96
91.38
R 95.97
101.16
97.15
104.06
101.60
95.01
95.48
95.71
100.32
101.12
100.37
95.72
91.79
92.46
97.52
105.30
105.22
108.10
100.50
98.46
97.42
101.21
104.10
103.22
98.48
92.02
94.88
100.62
102.42
106.93
105.77
98.68
98.72
98.45
102.36
103.69
104.44
97.38
93.23
R 94.41
100.57
91.51
97.34
94.86
93.04
94.06
94.58
100.56
100.42
98.47
89.45
84.76
R 87.24
R 93.81
2014 January ....................

February ..................
W
W
95.84
96.04
R 89.30
99.21
102.29
R 89.69
98.44
100.76
R 94.86
R 87.66
97.79
89.89
91.81
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
individual company data.
120
93.08
Notes: The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all
costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B. (Free on Board)" in
Glossary, and Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. Values for the
current two months are preliminary. Through 1980, prices reflect the period of
reporting; beginning in 1981, prices reflect the period of loading.
Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including prices not
published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are purchased on a "netback"
basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual purchase price
is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation into the United
States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices have been
determined and reported. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged ...............

1975 Average ................
1980 Average ................
1985 Average ................
1990 Average ................
1995 Average ................
2000 Average ................
2001 Average ................
2002 Average ................
2003 Average ................
2004 Average ................
2005 Average ................
2006 Average ................
2007 Average ................
2008 Average ................
2009 Average ................
2010 Average ................
2011 Average ................
W
11.81
34.76
27.39
21.51
17.66
29.57
25.13
25.43
30.14
39.62
54.31
64.85
71.27
98.18
61.32
80.61
114.05
5.33
12.84
30.11
25.71
20.48
16.65
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
90.00
57.60
72.80
89.92
22.34
17.45
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
93.43
58.50
74.25
102.57
12.61
31.77
25.63
19.64
16.19
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
85.97
57.35
72.86
101.21
9.08
12.70
37.15
28.96
23.33
18.25
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
104.83
68.01
83.14
116.43
5.37
12.50
29.80
24.72
21.82
16.84
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
94.75
62.14
79.29
108.83
35.68
28.36
22.65
17.91
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
63.87
80.29
118.45
5.99
12.36
25.92
24.43
20.31
14.81
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
90.76
57.78
72.43
100.14
5.91
12.64
30.59
25.50
20.55
16.78
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
93.59
62.15
78.60
108.01
6.85
12.70
33.56
26.86
21.23
16.61
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
95.49
61.90
78.28
107.84
5.64
12.70
33.99
26.53
20.98
16.95
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
90.59
58.58
74.68
98.64
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
115.13
121.30
128.35
120.60
114.94
103.10
106.95
113.27
116.51
114.90
111.01
116.37
114.95
93.43
92.09
88.71
85.55
82.78
78.11
75.65
80.68
85.42
86.35
82.89
76.68
84.24
110.54
115.19
119.93
113.78
105.04
93.85
97.70
105.94
109.19
106.48
104.74
102.86
107.07
108.38
111.24
115.20
111.55
103.79
90.89
95.24
101.98
103.16
99.09
94.32
94.98
102.45
115.41
126.42
130.46
124.06
113.89
103.24
106.95
114.51
114.95
117.03
112.41
114.52
116.88
110.49
114.75
117.55
115.33
108.39
99.38
99.00
104.66
107.06
106.12
106.05
106.87
108.15
W
W
W
W
W
W
106.23
111.72
114.29
110.58
103.02
89.41
94.91
101.38
102.97
99.31
94.67
94.30
101.58
110.61
114.24
116.71
115.77
108.52
99.24
99.05
104.35
106.29
105.76
104.94
105.78
107.74
110.32
115.76
117.99
116.10
108.26
97.29
99.49
105.27
107.02
105.81
102.26
103.38
107.56
101.31
102.99
103.94
99.94
95.21
87.15
88.11
92.29
95.79
93.77
91.17
86.76
95.05
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
115.79
115.77
110.56
105.56
106.32
106.73
110.43
111.88
113.92
W
110.50
113.16
110.75
75.45
76.67
79.59
83.02
86.83
88.26
94.16
98.63
95.05
85.36
77.34
R 75.23
84.46
106.36
109.28
105.37
101.42
100.70
99.47
102.47
106.04
105.76
102.29
97.30
97.41
103.00
101.04
108.95
106.36
100.63
100.07
97.56
101.87
101.52
100.70
94.35
89.19
R 91.11
99.07
120.99
117.89
114.08
106.03
108.12
108.38
W
114.47
115.21
W
W
112.99
108.57
108.75
107.71
102.30
101.54
101.41
104.13
104.62
101.16
98.71
96.12
R 99.25
R 102.62
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
111.23
99.04
105.54
103.35
96.19
97.44
97.44
101.65
102.95
102.09
97.60
94.42
R 94.83
99.34
107.02
107.96
108.02
102.31
101.35
101.26
103.15
104.15
101.94
99.35
96.57
R 98.27
R 102.54
106.85
108.83
107.57
101.76
101.62
101.21
103.96
104.91
104.10
99.55
96.32
R 98.00
102.98
86.43
90.85
90.36
90.79
93.50
93.49
98.66
101.55
99.38
91.23
83.89
84.14
92.04
2014 January ..................

February ................
W
110.85
R 78.16
R 97.87
R 90.85
R 92.51
R 99.85
R 97.77
R 84.92
88.06
98.59
92.87
95.57
101.57
100.24
90.69

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
Notes: See "Landed Costs" in Glossary, and Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed
Costs," at end of section. Values for the current two months are preliminary.
R 101.21
103.45
Through 1980, prices reflect the period of reporting; beginning in 1981, prices
reflect the period of loading. Annual averages are averages of the monthly
prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are
purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements
whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is
acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published
data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. U.S. geographic
Sources: October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,
Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." October 1977December
1977:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0,
"Transfer Pricing Report." 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2008,
Table 22. 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, May 2014, Table
22.
121
Table 9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)
Platts / Bureau of Labor Statistics Data
U.S. Energy Information Administration Data
Motor Gasoline by Grade
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type
Leaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Premiumb
All Gradesc
Conventional
Gasoline Areasd
Reformulated
Gasoline Arease
All Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
0.268
.291
.311
.312
.357
.567
1.191
1.115
1.149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.245
1.202
1.164
1.147
1.510
1.461
1.358
1.591
1.880
2.295
2.589
2.801
3.266
2.350
2.788
3.527
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.340
1.349
1.336
1.693
1.657
1.556
1.777
2.068
2.491
2.805
3.033
3.519
2.607
3.047
3.792
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.221
1.196
1.217
1.205
1.563
1.531
1.441
1.638
1.923
2.338
2.635
2.849
3.317
2.401
2.836
3.577
NA
1.103
1.462
1.384
1.313
1.516
1.812
2.240
2.533
2.767
3.213
2.315
2.742
3.476
NA
1.163
1.543
1.498
1.408
1.655
1.937
2.335
2.654
2.857
3.314
2.433
2.864
3.616
NA
1.111
1.484
1.420
1.345
1.561
1.852
2.270
2.572
2.796
3.246
2.353
2.782
3.521
NA
1.109
1.491
1.401
1.319
1.509
1.810
2.402
2.705
2.885
3.803
2.467
2.992
3.840
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
3.399
3.572
3.868
3.927
3.792
3.552
3.451
3.707
3.856
3.786
3.488
3.331
3.644
3.663
3.840
4.138
4.194
4.062
3.825
3.726
3.991
4.140
4.079
3.782
3.626
3.922
3.447
3.622
3.918
3.976
3.839
3.602
3.502
3.759
3.908
3.839
3.542
3.386
3.695
3.330
3.517
3.774
3.837
3.643
3.465
3.379
3.668
3.801
3.653
3.380
3.256
3.552
3.486
3.711
4.017
4.032
3.919
3.695
3.565
3.834
3.949
3.939
3.603
3.424
3.757
3.380
3.579
3.852
3.900
3.732
3.539
3.439
3.722
3.849
3.746
3.452
3.310
3.618
3.833
3.953
4.127
4.115
3.979
3.759
3.721
3.983
4.120
4.094
4.000
3.961
3.968
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
3.351
3.693
3.735
3.590
3.623
3.633
3.628
3.600
3.556
3.375
3.251
3.277
3.526
3.646
3.990
4.038
3.901
3.936
3.957
3.951
3.919
3.881
3.702
3.585
3.604
3.843
3.407
3.748
3.792
3.647
3.682
3.693
3.687
3.658
3.616
3.434
3.310
3.333
3.584
3.255
3.605
3.648
3.501
3.565
3.576
3.515
3.515
3.474
3.285
3.186
3.209
3.443
3.452
3.807
3.845
3.714
3.720
3.731
3.751
3.697
3.656
3.468
3.362
3.418
3.635
3.319
3.670
3.711
3.570
3.615
3.626
3.591
3.574
3.532
3.344
3.243
3.276
3.505
3.909
4.111
4.068
3.930
3.870
3.849
3.866
3.905
3.961
3.885
3.839
3.882
3.922
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
3.320
3.364
3.532
3.659
3.651
3.694
3.858
3.986
3.378
3.422
3.590
3.717
3.252
3.305
3.474
3.590
3.438
3.464
3.658
3.809
3.313
3.356
3.533
3.661
3.893
3.984
4.001
3.964
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through
December data only.

c Also includes grades of motor gasoline not shown separately.
d Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
e "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated
gasoline (RFG). Areas are reclassified each time a shift in or out of an RFG
program occurs due to federal or state regulations.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. See "Motor
Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary. Geographic coverage: for
columns 14, current coverage is 85 urban areas; for columns 57, coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia; for column 8, coverage is the 48 contiguous
122

beginning in 1973.
Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade, Monthly Data: October 1973
forwardU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. City
Average Gasoline Prices.
Motor Gasoline by Grade, Annual Data:

19491973Platts Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974
forwardcalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as simple
averages of the BLS monthly data. Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type:
EIA, calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly
U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA,
calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly Retail
On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Residual Fuel Oil
Sulfur Content Less
Than or Equal to 1 Percent
Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content
Greater Than 1 Percent
Average
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.293
.608
.610
.472
.383
.627
.523
.546
.728
.764
1.115
1.202
1.406
1.918
1.337
1.756
2.389
0.314
.675
.644
.505
.436
.708
.642
.640
.804
.835
1.168
1.342
1.436
2.144
1.413
1.920
2.736
0.245
.479
.560
.372
.338
.512
.428
.508
.588
.601
.842
1.085
1.314
1.843
1.344
1.679
2.316
0.275
.523
.582
.400
.377
.566
.492
.544
.651
.692
.974
1.173
1.350
1.889
1.306
1.619
2.257
0.263
.528
.577
.413
.363
.566
.476
.530
.661
.681
.971
1.136
1.350
1.866
1.342
1.697
2.336
0.298
.607
.610
.444
.392
.602
.531
.569
.698
.739
1.048
1.218
1.374
1.964
1.341
1.713
2.401
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.591
2.739
2.921
2.805
2.589
2.275
2.271
2.586
2.558
2.464
2.385
2.341
2.548
2.965
3.070
3.159
3.201
3.170
3.083
2.926
3.041
2.970
2.969
2.895
2.814
3.025
2.480
2.632
2.717
2.624
2.501
2.186
2.224
2.457
2.491
2.393
2.283
2.248
2.429
2.452
2.556
2.601
2.596
2.652
2.179
2.221
2.442
2.473
2.382
2.346
2.275
2.433
2.512
2.654
2.772
2.670
2.527
2.211
2.234
2.483
2.501
2.409
2.300
2.268
2.457
2.620
2.705
2.784
2.731
2.784
2.476
2.406
2.579
2.582
2.496
2.492
2.431
2.592
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.530
2.571
2.479
2.354
2.316
2.285
2.282
2.331
2.359
2.338
2.296
2.315
2.363
2.874
3.017
2.949
2.875
2.839
2.785
2.768
2.759
2.839
NA
NA
NA
2.883
2.328
2.388
2.294
2.214
2.213
2.214
2.225
2.258
2.265
2.232
2.190
2.177
2.249
2.333
2.402
2.320
2.238
2.421
2.385
2.280
2.411
2.412
2.364
2.328
2.353
2.353
2.388
2.415
2.346
2.246
2.240
2.234
2.242
2.277
2.286
2.255
2.224
2.209
2.278
2.475
2.578
2.517
2.354
2.507
2.454
2.384
2.500
2.513
2.532
2.492
2.458
2.482
2014 January ........................

February ......................
2.337
2.459
NA
NA
2.117
2.139
R 2.400
2.173
2.207
R 2.481
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
commercial consumers. Values for the current month are preliminary.
Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
2.416
2.505
estimates.
See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section.
beginning in 1982.
Sources: 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 17.
2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, May 2014, Table 16.
123
Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.434
.941
.835
.786
.626
.963
.886
.828
1.002
1.288
1.670
1.969
2.182
2.586
1.767
2.165
2.867
0.537
1.128
1.130
1.063
.975
1.330
1.256
1.146
1.288
1.627
2.076
2.490
2.758
3.342
2.480
2.874
3.739
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.747
2.936
3.203
3.189
3.016
2.757
2.806
3.087
3.163
2.941
2.713
2.590
2.929
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2014 January ........................
February ......................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.386
.868
.794
.773
.539
.880
.763
.716
.871
1.208
1.723
1.961
2.171
3.020
1.719
2.185
3.014
0.404
.864
.874
.839
.580
.969
.821
.752
.955
1.271
1.757
2.007
2.249
2.851
1.844
2.299
3.065
0.369
.803
.776
.697
.511
.886
.756
.694
.881
1.125
1.623
1.834
2.072
2.745
1.657
2.147
2.907
0.365
.801
.772
.694
.538
.898
.784
.724
.883
1.187
1.737
2.012
2.203
2.994
1.713
2.214
3.034
0.237
.415
.398
.386
.344
.595
.540
.431
.607
.751
.933
1.031
1.194
1.437
.921
1.212
1.467
3.576
3.788
4.052
4.157
4.004
3.883
3.877
4.124
4.269
4.002
3.508
3.518
3.919
3.059
3.186
3.296
3.255
3.076
2.747
2.850
3.129
3.245
3.182
3.015
2.982
3.080
3.197
3.293
3.306
3.243
3.008
2.697
2.936
3.195
3.236
3.250
3.221
3.145
3.163
3.027
3.166
3.211
3.153
2.976
2.635
2.774
2.988
3.128
3.155
3.049
3.003
3.031
3.018
3.163
3.308
3.252
3.039
2.741
2.907
3.206
3.278
3.265
3.117
3.022
3.109
1.341
1.282
1.293
1.163
.950
.762
.809
.875
.910
.979
.955
.894
1.033
2.676
3.020
2.987
2.853
2.951
2.882
2.942
2.890
2.792
2.632
2.544
2.581
2.812
3.685
4.058
4.085
3.962
4.068
3.950
4.017
4.025
3.854
3.656
3.467
3.508
3.869
3.093
3.250
3.036
2.884
2.763
2.784
2.899
2.995
3.017
2.928
2.868
2.978
2.953
3.334
3.474
3.137
2.889
2.793
2.806
2.996
3.055
3.057
3.029
2.995
3.164
3.084
3.069
3.168
2.977
2.793
2.708
2.741
2.894
2.954
2.973
2.955
2.910
3.011
2.966
3.046
3.259
3.082
2.969
2.958
2.923
3.015
3.084
3.095
3.006
2.949
2.998
3.028
.928
.953
.952
.949
.932
.861
.903
1.059
1.114
1.154
1.219
1.342
1.048
2.604
2.699
R 3.538
R 2.964
3.059
3.051
R 1.641
2.981
3.237
3.353
R 2.981
3.712
3.092
1.654
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
R=Revised.
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made
directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture,
industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. Values
for the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy
124
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1982.
Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.484
1.035
.912
.883
.765
1.106
1.032
.947
1.156
1.435
1.829
2.128
2.345
2.775
1.888
2.301
3.050
0.516
1.084
1.201
1.120
1.005
1.306
1.323
1.288
1.493
1.819
2.231
2.682
2.849
3.273
2.442
3.028
3.803
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.914
3.087
3.389
3.405
3.289
3.061
2.981
3.248
3.357
3.261
2.994
2.828
3.154
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2014 January ........................
February ......................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.387
.868
.796
.766
.540
.899
.775
.721
.872
1.207
1.735
1.998
2.165
3.052
1.704
2.201
3.054
0.421
.902
1.030
.923
.589
1.123
1.045
.990
1.224
1.160
1.957
2.244
2.263
3.283
2.675
3.063
3.616
0.400
.788
.849
.734
.562
.927
.829
.737
.933
1.173
1.705
1.982
2.241
2.986
1.962
2.462
3.193
0.377
.818
.789
.725
.560
.935
.842
.762
.944
1.243
1.786
2.096
2.267
3.150
1.834
2.314
3.117
0.335
.482
.717
.745
.492
.603
.506
.419
.577
.839
1.089
1.358
1.489
1.892
1.220
1.481
1.709
3.732
W
4.133
4.313
W
W
W
4.091
4.262
4.064
3.561
3.599
3.971
3.087
3.206
3.337
3.283
3.100
2.768
2.856
3.123
3.283
3.211
3.045
3.008
3.104
3.848
3.874
3.919
3.916
3.741
3.753
3.612
3.575
3.771
3.864
3.854
3.789
3.843
3.345
3.495
3.522
3.509
3.258
2.982
3.041
3.256
3.361
3.486
3.403
3.321
3.358
3.093
3.224
3.378
3.342
3.163
2.912
2.989
3.265
3.367
3.364
3.206
3.115
3.202
1.655
1.518
1.470
1.352
1.080
.902
.972
.916
.932
.980
.926
.840
1.139
2.850
3.221
3.233
3.102
3.188
3.184
3.146
3.097
3.059
2.893
2.759
2.759
3.049
W
4.060
4.022
3.860
3.900
4.191
4.224
4.298
3.982
3.653
3.674
3.678
3.932
3.117
3.294
3.070
2.922
2.787
2.813
2.908
3.002
3.040
2.931
2.883
3.008
2.979
3.790
3.887
3.869
3.836
3.786
3.634
3.840
3.707
3.849
3.852
3.847
W
3.842
3.341
3.498
3.314
3.217
3.222
3.172
3.244
3.314
3.327
NA
NA
3.578
3.335
3.129
3.339
3.204
3.090
3.058
3.028
3.099
3.169
3.184
3.085
3.030
3.055
3.122
.891
.925
.943
.971
.953
.876
.935
1.074
1.115
1.169
1.222
1.322
1.028
2.816
2.913
W
3.931
2.987
2.994
W
W
3.591
3.687
R 3.024
R 1.457
3.142
1.513
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

Notes: Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6;
they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. Values for
the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1982.
125
Figure 9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour)
By Sector, 19602013
14
Residential
12
Commercial
10
8
Transportation
Otherb
6
4
Industrial
2
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Sector, Monthly
14
Residential
12
Transportation
10
Commercial
8
Industrial
6
4
2
0
J
F M A M
J J A
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D

14
12
10
9.59
9.72
10.23
12
11.88
10.70
10.19
10
8
8
7.12
6
6
4
4
2
0
2012
a
2013
2014
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
b
126
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Note: Includes taxes.

Source: Table 9.8.
Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
Transportationd
Othere
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
2.60
2.40
2.20
3.50
5.40
7.39
7.83
8.40
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
11.26
11.51
11.54
11.72
2.40
2.20
2.10
3.50
5.50
7.27
7.34
7.69
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
10.36
10.17
10.19
10.23
1.10
1.00
1.00
2.10
3.70
4.97
4.74
4.66
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
6.83
6.81
6.77
6.82
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
10.74
10.65
10.57
10.46
1.90
1.80
1.80
3.10
4.80
6.09
6.40
6.88
6.56
7.20
6.75
1.80
1.70
1.70
2.90
4.70
6.44
6.57
6.89
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
9.74
9.82
9.83
9.90
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
11.41
11.51
11.70
11.92
11.90
12.09
12.00
12.17
12.30
12.03
11.75
11.62
11.88
9.84
9.94
9.84
9.82
9.96
10.39
10.39
10.39
10.50
10.08
9.89
9.81
10.09
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.38
6.53
6.89
7.13
7.08
6.97
6.62
6.50
6.52
6.67
9.78
9.61
9.95
10.11
9.97
10.33
10.70
10.53
10.74
10.13
10.41
10.28
10.21
9.61
9.58
9.52
9.47
9.64
10.13
10.30
10.32
10.26
9.74
9.58
9.64
9.84
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
11.47
11.63
11.60
11.93
12.42
12.54
12.61
12.51
12.49
12.31
12.09
11.72
12.12
9.79
10.07
10.02
9.96
10.26
10.70
10.76
10.72
10.56
10.30
10.12
9.98
10.29
6.45
6.61
6.59
6.53
6.70
7.13
7.32
7.25
7.14
6.80
6.59
6.62
6.82
10.24
10.23
9.83
9.95
10.16
10.39
10.57
10.38
10.60
10.41
10.40
10.17
10.28
9.66
9.79
9.71
9.67
9.95
10.47
10.70
10.59
10.43
10.01
9.83
9.88
10.08
2014 January ........................

February ......................
11.65
11.88
11.76
10.34
10.70
10.51
6.96
7.12
7.04
10.29
10.19
10.24
10.13
10.35
10.23

11.54
11.45
9.93
9.89
6.53
6.45
10.23
9.70
9.72
9.59
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
b Commercial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads
and railways.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by
"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been
redefined. Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not
correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider
billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in
uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. Prices include
state and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges,
environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing
operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments,
such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods.
Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only.
(Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B
utilities are those with operating revenues between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For
19801982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric operating
revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are
for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census
of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy service providers
selling to retail customers. See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of
section for plant coverage, and for information on preliminary and final values.
beginning in 1976.
Sources: 1960September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,
"Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October
1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." March
19801982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric
Utility Company Monthly Statement." 19842010: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual
Electric Power Industry Report." 2011 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
April 2014, Table 5.3.
127
Figure 9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Costs, 19732013
25
20
15
Residual Fuel Oil
10
Natural Gas
5
Coal
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Costs, Monthly
25
Residual Fuel Oil
20
15
10
Natural Gas
Coal
0
J
F M A M
J J
2012
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D
By Fuel Type
February 2012
February 2013
February 2014
30
25
23.81 23.82 23.96

21.10
20
19.70 20.06
15
10
7.39
3.34
4.39
2.38
2.35
2.33
2.30
W W
0
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
a
Prices are not adjusted for inflation.
Glossary.
128
See Nominal Dollars in
Natural Gas
Coal
Petroleum Coke
W=Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Source: Table 9.9.
Table 9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Petroleum
Coal
Residual Fuel Oilb
Distillate Fuel Oilc
Petroleum Coke
Totald
Natural Gase
All Fossil Fuelsf
1973 Average ....................

1975 Average ....................
1980 Average ....................
1985 Average ....................
1990 Average ....................
1995 Average ....................
2000 Average ....................
2001 Average ....................
2002 Averageg ...................
2003 Average ....................
2004 Average ....................
2005 Average ....................
2006 Average ....................
2007 Average ....................
2008 Average ....................
2009 Average ....................
2010 Average ....................
2011 Average ....................
0.41
.81
1.35
1.65
1.45
1.32
1.20
1.23
1.25
1.28
1.36
1.54
1.69
1.77
2.07
2.21
2.27
2.39
0.79
2.01
4.27
4.24
3.32
2.59
4.29
3.73
3.73
4.66
4.73
7.06
7.85
8.64
13.62
8.98
12.57
18.35
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.38
3.99
6.65
6.30
5.34
6.82
8.02
11.72
13.28
14.85
21.46
13.22
16.61
22.46
NA
NA
NA
NA
.80
.65
.58
.78
.78
.72
.83
1.11
1.33
1.51
2.11
1.61
2.28
3.03
0.80
2.02
4.35
4.32
3.35
2.57
4.18
3.69
3.34
4.33
4.29
6.44
6.23
7.17
10.87
7.02
9.54
12.48
0.34
.75
2.20
3.44
2.32
1.98
4.30
4.49
3.56
5.39
5.96
8.21
6.94
7.11
9.01
4.74
5.09
4.72
0.48
1.04
1.93
2.09
1.69
1.45
1.74
1.73
1.86
2.28
2.48
3.25
3.02
3.23
4.12
3.04
3.26
3.29
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.42
2.42
2.36
2.40
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.36
2.36
2.38
20.86
21.10
22.10
22.99
23.06
22.41
19.84
19.86
20.90
20.77
20.72
18.83
21.03
22.94
23.81
24.96
24.61
23.24
21.63
21.92
23.38
24.42
24.93
24.28
23.44
23.49
2.43
2.30
1.90
2.11
2.57
2.32
2.41
2.45
2.39
2.00
2.05
2.06
2.24
12.79
12.66
12.88
12.92
13.66
13.73
14.50
12.61
10.35
11.50
11.71
10.98
12.48
3.69
3.34
2.99
2.71
2.94
3.11
3.43
3.50
3.41
3.84
4.25
4.21
3.42
2.86
2.77
2.69
2.61
2.70
2.76
2.92
2.89
2.81
2.91
2.99
3.01
2.83
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.35
2.35
2.35
2.38
2.37
2.36
2.32
2.33
2.35
2.35
2.33
2.34
2.35
19.15
19.70
19.39
20.26
19.55
19.68
18.77
18.60
18.93
19.71
18.86
19.70
19.27
22.93
23.82
23.85
22.92
22.59
22.37
23.11
23.16
23.50
22.84
22.74
23.21
23.05
2.02
W
W
2.26
2.32
2.39
2.27
2.23
2.15
2.11
1.98
1.99
2.16
12.50
W
W
9.73
10.81
10.11
11.44
11.81
10.14
11.28
12.24
10.96
11.56
4.38
4.39
4.29
4.67
4.62
4.42
4.20
3.91
4.08
4.11
4.19
4.91
4.33
3.09
W
W
3.16
3.16
3.15
3.12
3.00
3.02
3.00
3.01
3.28
3.10
2014 January ......................

February ....................
2.30
2.33
2.31
19.64
20.06
19.90
23.12
23.96
23.44
1.73
W
W
16.65
W
W
7.03
7.39
7.20
4.09
W
W

2.35
2.38
19.47
20.95
23.28
23.31
W
2.37
W
12.73
4.39
3.52
W
2.82
b For 19732001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and
small amounts of fuel oil no. 4).

c For 19732001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2).
d For all years, includes residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil. For 1990 forward,
also includes petroleum coke. For 19732012, also includes jet fuel, kerosene, and
waste oil. For 19832012, also includes other petroleum, such as propane and
refined motor oil.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For
19732000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases
derived from fossil fuels.
f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural
Gas."
g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the
commercial and industrial sectors.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company
data.
Notes: Receipts are purchases of fuel. Yearly costs are averages of
monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. For this table, there are several
breaks in the data series related to what plants and fuels are covered. Beginning in
2013, data cover all regulated generating plants; plus unregulated plants whose
total fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 megawatts or more for coal,
and 200 megawatts or more for natural gas, residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and
petroleum coke. For data coverage before 2013, see EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
Appendix C, Form EIA-923 notes, Receipts and cost and quality of fossil fuels
section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
129
Figure 9.4
Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Wellhead and Citygate, 19492013

10
Citygate
8
6
4
Wellhead
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consuming Sectors, 19672013

14
12
10
8
Residentialb
Commercialb
6
4
2
Electric Powerb
Industrialb
Transportation
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consuming Sectors, Monthly

20
Residentialb
15
10
Commercialb
Industrialb
Electric Powerb
0
J
F M A M
S O N D
F M A M
2012
a
b
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Includes taxes.
130
S O N D
F M A M
2013
S O N D
2014

Source: Table 9.10.
Table 9.10 Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Consuming Sectorsb
Commercialc
Residential
Industriald
Wellhead
Pricef
Citygate
Priceg
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori
Priceh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
0.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.44
1.59
2.51
1.71
1.55
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
6.25
7.97
3.67
4.48
3.95
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.75
3.03
2.78
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
8.16
9.18
6.48
6.18
5.63
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.09
1.71
3.68
6.12
5.80
6.06
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
13.08
13.89
12.14
11.39
11.03
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.2
99.0
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.1
98.1
98.0
97.5
97.4
97.4
96.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
.77
1.35
3.39
5.50
4.83
5.05
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
11.34
12.23
10.06
9.47
8.91
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86.6
76.7
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
80.4
79.7
77.8
77.5
67.3
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
E 2.89
E 2.46
E 2.25
E 1.89
E 1.94
E 2.54
E 2.59
E 2.86
E 2.71
E 3.03
E 3.35
E 3.35
E 2.66
4.85
4.73
4.84
4.19
4.30
4.63
4.88
5.13
4.76
4.65
4.79
4.79
4.73
9.67
9.52
10.45
11.01
12.66
14.25
15.20
15.89
14.81
11.78
10.06
9.75
10.71
95.8
95.8
95.8
94.8
95.0
95.1
95.1
94.5
94.4
94.4
94.7
95.8
95.3
8.06
7.77
8.16
8.00
8.12
8.40
8.49
8.65
8.32
8.03
8.01
8.11
8.10
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.52
4.56
4.75
5.16
5.54
5.74
5.51
5.23
5.20
4.87
4.77
4.91
4.88
9.17
9.24
9.34
10.41
12.61
14.97
16.31
16.44
15.69
12.48
10.10
9.15
10.33
96.0
95.6
95.5
95.1
95.2
94.9
94.8
94.8
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.7
95.5
2014 January ......................

February ....................
NA
NA
NA
5.58
6.31
5.91
R 9.26
9.76
9.49

NA
NA
4.54
4.79
9.21
9.60
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Transportation
Electric Powere
Percentage
of Sectori
Vehicle Fuelj
Priceh
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori,k
NA
NA
NA
NA
.37
.96
2.56
3.95
2.93
2.71
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
9.65
5.33
5.49
5.13
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68.8
35.2
24.5
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.6
24.0
23.4
22.2
20.4
18.8
18.0
16.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.39
3.98
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
8.50
11.75
8.13
6.25
7.48
NA
NA
NA
NA
.29
.77
2.27
3.55
2.38
2.02
4.38
4.61
e 3.68
5.57
6.11
8.47
7.11
7.31
9.26
4.93
5.27
4.89
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
96.1
96.9
94.0
76.8
71.4
50.5
40.2
83.9
91.2
89.8
91.3
93.4
92.2
101.1
101.1
100.8
101.2
71.5
70.1
68.2
62.9
59.2
59.2
58.0
56.0
56.5
59.8
65.1
68.6
65.2
4.59
4.19
3.71
3.21
3.02
3.34
3.60
3.83
3.56
3.95
4.46
4.72
3.89
16.0
16.2
15.9
15.5
15.5
15.5
16.0
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.8
17.3
16.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.04
3.82
3.46
3.09
2.81
3.05
3.21
3.54
3.61
3.54
4.00
4.43
4.35
3.54
95.0
95.3
95.2
96.4
96.0
95.8
95.8
95.2
96.0
95.9
94.3
94.4
95.5
7.81
7.85
7.82
8.23
8.77
9.10
9.02
9.08
8.82
8.35
7.96
7.86
8.13
70.8
70.2
69.3
66.6
63.1
59.1
57.6
56.9
57.3
61.2
66.1
69.8
66.4
4.58
4.54
4.60
4.97
5.03
4.92
4.50
4.35
4.38
4.39
4.63
4.97
4.66
17.3
17.2
17.0
16.9
16.4
16.3
16.0
16.1
16.6
16.9
17.2
17.4
16.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.56
4.59
4.50
4.84
4.79
4.56
4.34
4.03
4.19
4.26
4.36
5.11
4.49
95.2
94.5
94.9
95.3
95.4
95.1
94.6
94.6
95.1
94.9
93.9
94.9
94.9
95.7
95.0
95.4
R 8.10
8.67
8.37
71.1
70.9
71.0
5.61
6.55
6.07
16.5
17.0
16.8
NA
NA
NA
7.46
7.78
7.61
95.1
93.2
94.2
95.8
95.8
7.83
7.93
70.5
70.8
4.56
4.39
17.2
16.1
NA
NA
4.58
3.64
94.9
95.2
b See Note 8, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
e The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers.
f See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
g See "Citygate" in Glossary.
h Includes taxes.
i The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 4.3 for which price data
are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table 9.10
sources at end of section.
j Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to
fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the
prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet
vehicles.
k Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are
greater than reported natural gas consumptionthis can occur when
combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric
generating activities.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
gaseous fuels. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 8, "Natural
Gas Prices," at end of section. Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are
simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices are
volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. Geographic coverage is the 50
beginning in 1976.
131
Energy Prices
Note 1. Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs. Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude
oil are from data collected on U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) Form EIA-14, Refiners Monthly
Cost Report. Those costs were previously published from
data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration
(ERA) Form ERA-49, Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements
Program Refiners Monthly Report. Form ERA-49 was
discontinued with the decontrol of crude oil on January 28,
1981. Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form
EIA-14 in accordance with conventions used for Form
ERA-49. The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same. However, due to possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for
handling prior period adjustments, care must be taken when
comparing the data collected on the two forms.
The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average
price paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in accordance with accounting procedures generally
accepted and consistently and historically applied by the
refiners concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced
in the United States or from the outer continental shelf as
defined in 43 USC Section 1331. Imported crude oil is
either that oil reported on Form ERA-51, Transfer Pricing
Report, or any crude oil that is not domestic oil. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA-49
excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Crude oil costs and volumes reported
on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report, included
unfinished oils but excluded SPR. Imported averages
derived from Form ERA-49 exclude oil purchased for SPR,
whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA-49
include SPR. None of the prices derived from Form EIA-14
include either unfinished oils or SPR.
Note 4. Crude Oil Landed Costs. The landed cost of

imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the total cost of all imported crude. Prior to April 1975,
imported crude costs to U.S. company-owned refineries in
the Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and
costs of crude oil from countries that export only small
amounts to the United States were also excluded. Beginning
in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include
U.S. company-owned refineries in the Caribbean. Landed
costs do not include supplemental fees.
Note 5. Motor Gasoline Prices. Several different series of
motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city
average retail prices of motor gasoline by grade are calculated monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the
development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These
prices include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the
time of sale. Prior to 1977, prices were collected in 56 urban
areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new
sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to
represent all urban consumersabout 80 percent of the total
U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially,
and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service
stations in the current sample include those providing all
types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-serve).
Regular motor gasoline prices by area type are determined
by EIA in a weekly survey of retail motor gasoline outlets
(Form EIA-878, Motor Gasoline Price Survey). Prices
include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the time of
sale. A representative sample of outlets by geographic area
and size is randomly selected from a sampling frame of
approximately 115,000 retail motor gasoline outlets.
Monthly and annual prices are simple averages of weighted
weekly estimates from "Weekly U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices,
Regular Grade." For more information on the survey methodology, see EIA, Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Appendix B, Weekly Petroleum Price Surveys section.
Note 2. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. The

average domestic first purchase price represents the average
price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased. Crude oil
domestic first purchase prices were derived as follows: for
19491973, weighted average domestic first purchase
values as reported by state agencies and calculated by the
Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of
a sample survey of major first purchasers purchases; for
1976 forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers
purchases. The data series was previously called Actual
Domestic Wellhead Price.
Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to

end users are determined by EIA in a monthly survey of
refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA-782A). The
prices do not include any federal, state, or local taxes paid at
the time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983
are based on Form FEA-P302-M-1/EIA-460, Petroleum
Industry Monthly Report for Product Prices, and also
exclude all federal, state, or local taxes paid at the time of
sale. Sales for resale are those made to purchasers who are
other-than-ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales
made directly to the consumer of the product, including bulk
consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers.
Note 3. Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs. F.O.B. literally means

Free on Board. It denotes a transaction whereby the seller
makes the product available with an agreement on a given
port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to
arrange for the transportation and insurance.
Note 6. Historical Petroleum Prices. Starting in January

1983, Form EIA-782, Monthly Petroleum Product Sales
Report, replaced 10 previous surveys. Every attempt was
made to continue the most important price series. However,
prices published through December 1982 and those
132
published since January 1983 do not necessarily form

continuous data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing
systems, and statistical procedures. To provide historical
data, continuous series were generated for annual data
19781982 and for monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form
EIA-782 survey and system been in operation at that time.
This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for product and sales type matching and for
discontinuity due to other factors. An important difference
between the previous and present prices is the distinction
between wholesale and resale and between retail and end
user. The resale category continues to include sales among
resellers. However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility,
industrial, and commercial accounts previously included in
the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end
users. The end-user category continues to include retail
sales through company-owned and operated outlets but
also includes sales to the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities. Additional information may be found in Estimated Historic Time Series for
the EIA-782, a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in
the December 1983 [3] Petroleum Marketing Monthly,
published by EIA.
Note 7. Electricity Retail Prices. Average annual retail
prices of electricity have the following plant coverage:
Through 1979, annual data are for Classes A and B
privately owned electric utilities only. For 19801982,
annual data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric
operating revenues were $100 million or more during the
previous year. For 1983, annual data are for a selected
sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for
a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual
data also include energy service providers selling to retail
customers.
Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the
following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are
derived from selected privately owned electric utilities
and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in
1986, monthly data are based on a sample of publicly and
privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996,
monthly data also include energy service providers selling
to retail customers.
Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA-826,
"Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report With State
Distributions Report," which is a monthly collection of
data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and
privately owned electric utilities as well as a census of
energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated
states; a model is then applied to the collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities.
Preliminary annual data are the sum of the monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final
annual data become available each year from Form EIA861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios
to the preliminary Form EIA-826 values are used to derive

adjusted final monthly values.
Note 8. Natural Gas Prices. Natural gas prices are
intended to include all taxes. Instructions on the data
collection forms specifically direct that all federal, state,
and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to
consumers are to be included. However, sales and other
taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers bills are
sometimes excluded by the reporting utilities. Deliveredto-consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural
gas delivered and sold to residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers. They do
not include the price of natural gas delivered on behalf of
third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle
fuel customers except for certain states in the residential and
commercial sectors for 2002 forward. Volumes of natural gas
delivered on behalf of third parties are included in the
consumption data shown in Table 4.3. Additional information
is available in EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, Appendix C.
Table 9.1 Sources

Domestic First Purchase Price
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEAP124, Domestic Crude Oil Purchasers Monthly Report.
Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.
2010 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, May
2014, Table 1.
F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports
October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form FEA-F701-M-0,
Transfer Pricing Report.
19782009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table
1.
2014, Table 1.
Refiner Acquisition Cost
19681973: EIA estimates. The cost of domestic crude oil
was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the
reported average domestic first purchase price. The cost of
imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean
transport cost based on the published "Average Freight Rate
Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value
published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
19741976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: JanuarySeptember, FEA, based on Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
OctoberDecember, EIA, based on Form FEA-P110-M-1,
Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
133

1.
2014, Table 1.
Table 9.2 Sources

October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
October 1977December 1977: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer
Pricing Report.
21.
2014, Table 21.
Table 9.9 Sources

FPC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants.
October 1977December 1977: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost
and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
1978 and 1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and
Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
19801989: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, May issues.
19902000: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2003,
Table 26.
20012007: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008,
Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels
for Electric Utility Plants; and EIA, Form EIA-423,
Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, April 2014,
Table 4.1; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Table 9.10 Sources

All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions.
2008 forward: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), April
2014, Table 3.
Vehicle Fuel Price
1989 forward: EIA, NGA, annual reports.
134
Electric Power Sector Price

19671972: EIA, NGA, annual reports.
19731998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96.
19992002: EIA, NGM, October 2004, Table 4.
20032007: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants, and EIA, Form EIA-423 Monthly
Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.
2008 forward: Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Percentage of Residential Sector
19892011: EIA, Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
2012 forward: EIA, Form EIA-857, Monthly Report of
Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers.
Percentage of Commercial Sector
19872007: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial
consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of
others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to
commercial consumers.
2008 forward: EIA, NGM, April 2014, Table 3.
Percentage of Industrial Sector
19822007: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then
divided by the total amount delivered to industrial consumers.
2008 forward: EIA, NGM, April 2014, Table 3.
Percentage of Electric Power Sector
19732001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423,
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973
1988, see Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table 7.3b; for
19892001, see MER, Table 7.4b).
20022007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants,"
and EIA-423, Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Plants Report, divided by the quantity of natural
gas consumed by the electric power sector (see MER,
Table 7.4b).
2008 forward: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, divided by the quantity of natural gas
consumed by the electric power sector (see MER, Table
7.4b).
10. Renewable
Energy
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total and Major Sources, 19492013
10
8
Total
6
Biomassa
4
2
Hydroelectric Powerb
Otherc
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
By Source, 2013
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Sector, 2013
6
2.6
4.8
2.1
2.0
4
1.6
2.2
1.2
0.5
0.3
0
Hydro- Wood
electric
Powerb
Biofuelsa
Wind
Waste
Solar/
PVa
0.8
0.2
0.1
Geothermala
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation Electric

Power
Compared With Other Resources, 19492013

100
80
Fossil Fuels
60
40
20
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
See Table 10.1 for definition.

Conventional hydroelectric power.
c
Geothermal, solar/PV, and wind.
a
b
136
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.110.2c.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source

(Trillion Btu)
Productiona
Biomass
Consumption
Biofuelsb
Totalc
Total
Renewable
Energyd
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
198
233
254
308
402
487
564
720
978
1,387
1,584
1,884
2,044
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,099
3,006
2,624
2,705
2,805
2,998
3,104
3,216
3,480
3,881
3,967
4,332
4,516
2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,558
6,104
5,164
5,734
5,947
6,069
6,229
6,599
6,528
7,219
7,655
8,128
9,170
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
3,155
2,900
2,970
3,046
3,205
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,793
2,688
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
2,669
2,539
3,103
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
177
164
171
164
173
165
157
162
151
153
150
155
1,942
388
363
377
358
376
367
368
375
356
363
358
372
4,419
772
693
792
765
806
772
743
712
644
678
683
766
8,826
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
152
139
161
162
171
169
172
168
164
178
178
187
2,001
376
340
381
366
386
385
402
392
377
397
396
417
4,614
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
172
158
331

291
341
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Biomass
Solar/
PVg
Windh
Woodi
Wastej
Biofuelsk
Total
Total
Renewable
Energy
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
171
152
164
164
171
173
178
181
181
186
192
200
208
212
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
59
69
66
64
63
62
63
63
68
76
89
98
126
171
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,168
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,497
2,474
2,687
2,216
2,370
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
2,137
2,099
2,089
2,059
1,931
1,981
2,010
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
236
408
531
511
364
402
401
389
403
397
413
435
452
468
462
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
200
236
253
303
404
499
577
771
990
1,370
1,568
1,837
1,948
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,101
3,008
2,622
2,701
2,807
3,010
3,117
3,267
3,492
3,865
3,950
4,285
4,420
2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,560
6,106
5,163
5,729
5,948
6,081
6,242
6,649
6,541
7,202
7,638
8,081
9,074
220
193
247
250
273
254
252
219
168
157
178
219
2,629
17
16
18
17
18
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
212
17
16
18
18
20
20
21
20
20
20
19
19
227
130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,340
173
162
166
157
165
165
172
173
168
168
167
174
2,010
38
36
40
37
38
37
39
39
37
41
41
42
467
156
152
164
160
170
165
158
168
150
159
150
152
1,902
367
351
370
354
373
367
369
380
355
368
358
369
4,379
751
681
785
761
803
772
744
718
643
683
684
763
8,786
795
706
770
809
857
821
813
737
695
739
758
799
9,298
239
195
197
236
272
260
259
207
161
165
169
203
2,561
19
17
19
18
18
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
221
22
21
25
25
26
27
27
28
27
28
25
26
307
139
132
149
165
155
131
106
91
111
131
151
134
1,595
183
164
180
166
175
176
190
184
175
178
179
187
2,138
41
36
40
38
40
40
41
40
38
40
39
43
476
151
140
161
163
171
170
169
166
167
180
172
184
1,993
375
340
382
367
386
386
399
390
380
398
390
414
4,607
794
707
771
810
857
822
810
734
698
740
752
795
9,291
395
359
754
819
702
1,521
206
166
372
19
17
36
29
27
56
171
133
304
183
166
349
40
35
74
165
155
320
388
356
743
812
699
1,511
715
751
1,501
1,465
434
413
36
34
43
33
272
235
347
335
77
75
291
308
715
718
1,500
1,432
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermalf
a Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except

biofuels.
b Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
c Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
d Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and
biomass.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
f Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
g Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
i Wood and wood-derived fuels.
j Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
k Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors are estimates. See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See
Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 10.2a10.4.
137
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Biomass
Geothermalb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Solar/
PVc
Biomass
Woodd
Total
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermalb
Solar/
PVf
Windg
Woodd
Wasteh
Fuel
Ethanoli
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
66
72
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
70
73
73
72
69
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
15
16
15
16
186
36
33
36
34
36
34
36
36
34
36
34
36
420
55
51
55
53
55
53
55
55
53
55
53
55
646
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
61
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
109
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
131
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
70
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
46
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
3
3
6
21
19
41
49
44
94
74
67
141
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
11
4
3
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
10
9
19
12
11
23

6
6
35
31
94
69
136
106
(s)
(s)
3
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
11
10
8
7
(s)
(s)
20
18
23
21
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
c Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
Includes distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
d Wood and wood-derived fuels.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
f Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
g Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
138
i The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the commercial sector.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:
Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV,
hydroelectric power, wind, and waste. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
beginning in 1973.
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powerb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Geothermalc
Solar/
PVd
Winde
Woodf
Wasteg
Biomass
Losses
Fuel
and CoEthanolh productsi
Total
Total
Fuel
Ethanolj
Biodiesel
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,645
1,442
1,652
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,472
1,413
1,339
1,178
1,273
1,309
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
230
192
195
145
129
146
142
132
148
130
145
143
154
168
165
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
2
1
3
3
4
6
7
10
10
12
13
17
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
49
86
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
377
532
617
742
771
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,026
1,963
2,201
2,261
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,725
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,965
2,047
1,985
2,221
2,283
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
141
168
228
286
327
442
557
786
894
1,041
1,045
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
22
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
115
108
109
105
111
109
113
115
112
113
113
117
1,339
13
13
14
13
13
12
13
13
12
14
14
15
159
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
67
61
63
61
64
61
58
60
56
57
57
59
724
196
184
188
180
188
183
186
189
181
186
185
192
2,238
199
186
191
182
191
185
187
191
183
188
188
194
2,265
82
82
88
86
92
90
88
95
83
91
83
86
1,045
6
8
11
12
12
12
10
11
9
8
9
6
114
87
89
99
98
104
102
98
106
92
100
92
92
1,159
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
32
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
111
99
108
100
104
106
116
110
103
105
107
111
1,281
15
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
14
15
14
15
171
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
57
52
59
59
63
62
62
61
59
65
64
68
730
184
166
182
175
182
183
193
186
178
186
187
196
2,198
188
169
186
177
186
186
197
189
180
189
189
199
2,235
83
78
89
90
94
92
91
90
88
93
89
92
1,069
9
9
12
12
13
15
15
13
18
21
16
22
175
92
87
101
102
107
106
105
103
106
114
106
114
1,244
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
3
2
6
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
105
96
201
15
13
27
1
1
3
65
58
124
186
168
354
190
171
361
87
82
170
11
13
24
98
95
194

6
5
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
210
224
28
26
2
2
109
128
350
380
357
385
161
163
17
13
179
177
a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
d Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
e Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
f Wood and wood-derived fuels.
g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the industrial sector.

i Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the
production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
j The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and
E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward, solar/PV, and wind. Totals may not equal sum of
beginning in 1973.
139
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Hydroelectric
Powera
Biomass
Geothermalb
Solar/PVc
Windd
Woode
Wastef
Total
Total
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalg ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255
5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
217
191
244
248
271
252
251
218
166
155
176
217
2,606
12
11
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
148
1
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
40
130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,339
17
16
16
13
14
16
18
18
16
15
15
16
190
22
20
22
21
22
22
23
23
21
22
23
24
262
39
36
37
33
36
38
40
40
38
38
38
40
453
398
344
429
417
442
421
392
355
304
330
341
412
4,586
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
236
192
194
233
269
257
256
204
159
163
167
200
2,529
14
12
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
12
14
157
3
4
6
7
8
9
8
9
9
9
7
7
85
139
132
149
164
155
131
106
91
111
130
151
134
1,595
17
15
17
12
16
17
19
20
18
18
19
20
207
22
19
22
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
21
24
258
38
34
39
33
38
39
41
41
39
39
40
44
465
430
375
401
450
481
449
425
359
331
355
377
398
4,831
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
202
163
366
13
12
25
7
8
15
171
133
304
22
20
43
21
18
39
43
39
82
437
355
793

428
408
26
23
7
2
271
235
32
33
40
42
73
74
805
743
a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6).
c Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
e Wood and wood-derived fuels.
140
Notes:

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 7.2b, 7.4b, and A6.
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Traded
1981 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
Denaturantc
TBtu
TBtu
Mbbl
Net
Stock
Importse Stocksd,f Changed,g
Productiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Consumption
Minus
Denaturanth
Consumptiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
TBtu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
13
93
111
198
233
253
307
400
484
552
688
914
1,300
1,517
1,839
1,919
6
42
49
86
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
376
531
616
742
769
40
294
356
647
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
5,688
6,506
6,649
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,325
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
221,637
260,424
316,617
331,646
83
617
748
1,358
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
9,309
10,938
13,298
13,929
7
52
63
115
138
150
182
238
289
331
414
553
790
928
1,127
1,181
NA
NA
NA
387
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
4,720
-9,115
-24,365
NA
NA
NA
2,186
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
14,226
16,594
17,941
18,238
NA
NA
NA
-207
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
3,691
2,368
1,347
297
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,919
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
230,556
262,776
306,155
306,984
83
617
748
1,383
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
9,683
11,037
12,858
12,893
7
52
63
117
140
148
176
240
301
344
465
584
821
936
1,090
1,093
7
51
62
114
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
910
1,061
1,065
2012 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
167
154
159
152
159
153
145
150
140
144
142
147
1,814
67
61
63
61
63
61
58
60
56
57
57
59
722
584
531
518
495
520
502
503
526
496
528
527
534
6,264
29,038
26,647
27,548
26,346
27,616
26,513
25,236
26,092
24,376
24,976
24,744
25,582
314,714
1,220
1,119
1,157
1,107
1,160
1,114
1,060
1,096
1,024
1,049
1,039
1,074
13,218
103
95
98
94
98
94
90
93
87
89
88
91
1,120
-1,773
-1,778
-1,591
-1,549
-1,013
-597
-489
654
699
614
1,011
-79
-5,891
21,475
22,393
22,583
22,050
21,635
21,239
20,224
19,180
19,921
18,626
19,992
20,350
20,350
3,237
918
190
-533
-415
-396
-1,015
-1,044
741
-1,295
1,366
358
2,112
24,028
23,951
25,767
25,330
27,018
26,312
25,762
27,790
24,334
26,885
24,389
25,145
306,711
1,009
1,006
1,082
1,064
1,135
1,105
1,082
1,167
1,022
1,129
1,024
1,056
12,882
86
85
92
90
96
94
92
99
87
96
87
90
1,092
83
83
89
88
94
91
89
96
84
93
84
87
1,064
2013 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
144
130
148
148
157
154
155
152
147
161
161
170
1,827
57
52
59
59
62
61
62
60
59
64
64
68
728
504
462
511
515
537
509
519
495
499
538
532
563
6,184
24,935
22,645
25,681
25,662
27,197
26,722
26,923
26,320
25,564
27,995
27,915
29,405
316,964
1,047
951
1,079
1,078
1,142
1,122
1,131
1,105
1,074
1,176
1,172
1,235
13,312
89
81
91
91
97
95
96
94
91
100
99
105
1,128
-546
-727
-264
-559
-535
-170
428
-52
-584
-1,042
-1,922
-1,535
-7,508
20,558
19,580
18,941
17,645
16,810
16,395
17,127
16,971
16,040
15,771
15,572
16,419
16,419
i -119
-978
-639
-1,296
-835
-415
732
-156
-931
-269
-199
847
-4,258
24,508
22,896
26,056
26,399
27,497
26,967
26,619
26,424
25,911
27,222
26,192
27,023
313,714
1,029
962
1,094
1,109
1,155
1,133
1,118
1,110
1,088
1,143
1,100
1,135
13,176
87
81
93
94
98
96
95
94
92
97
93
96
1,117
85
79
90
92
95
94
92
92
90
94
91
94
1,089
2014 January ..............

February ............
2-Month Total ....
163
146
310
65
58
123
551
491
1,042
28,344
25,401
53,745
1,190
1,067
2,257
101
90
191
-2,044
-1,561
-3,604
17,086
16,834
16,834
667
-252
415
25,633
24,092
49,726
1,077
1,012
2,088
91
86
177
89
84
173

274
321
109
128
966
1,115
47,580
55,685
1,998
2,339
169
198
-1,273
-3,551
19,580
22,393
-1,097
4,155
47,404
47,979
1,991
2,015
169
171
164
166
a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol
used for fuel ethanol.
b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel
ethanolthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
d Includes denaturant.
e Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel ethanol
exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel ethanol imports
minus fuel ethanol (including industrial alcohol) exports.
f Stocks are at end of period.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus
denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables
10.110.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.
i Derived from the preliminary 2012 stocks value (20,677 thousand barrels), not
the final 2012 value (20,350 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."
NA=Not available.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate
heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3. Through 1980, data are not
available. For 19811992, data are estimates. For 19932008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.
Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are
estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
141
Table 10.4
Biodiesel Overview
Trade
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
TBtu
TBtu
Production
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Net
Stock
Importsc Stocksd Changee
Imports
Exports
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Balancing
Itemf
Mbbl
Consumption
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
67
44
125
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
16,145
12,281
8,177
23,035
9
10
14
28
91
250
490
678
516
343
967
1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
66
44
123
81
197
97
101
214
1,105
3,455
7,755
1,906
564
890
41
57
113
128
213
856
6,696
16,673
6,546
2,588
1,799
40
140
-17
-27
1
250
-3,241
-8,918
-4,640
-2,024
-908
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
672
2,012
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
-39
g 1,035
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
733
0
0
244
390
322
639
2,163
6,213
8,422
7,228
7,663
6,192
21,092
10
16
14
27
91
261
354
304
322
260
886
1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
10
10
12
12
13
12
12
12
11
10
7
8
128
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1,751
1,887
2,251
2,237
2,428
2,223
2,127
2,176
1,949
1,792
1,363
1,406
23,588
74
79
95
94
102
93
89
91
82
75
57
59
991
9
10
12
12
13
12
11
12
10
10
7
8
126
48
72
25
32
75
132
166
55
108
60
9
71
853
258
125
189
230
320
392
426
403
295
209
65
143
3,056
-210
-53
-164
-198
-245
-260
-260
-348
-187
-149
-56
-72
-2,203
2,510
2,895
2,893
2,783
2,710
2,348
2,262
2,011
2,059
2,183
1,865
2,083
2,083
499
384
-1
-111
-73
-362
-86
-250
47
124
-318
219
72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,042
1,450
2,088
2,149
2,256
2,325
1,953
2,079
1,715
1,519
1,624
1,114
21,314
44
61
88
90
95
98
82
87
72
64
68
47
895
6
8
11
12
12
12
10
11
9
8
9
6
114
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
9
9
13
14
14
15
17
17
16
17
17
17
173
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1,578
1,611
2,332
2,532
2,635
2,685
3,045
3,055
3,021
3,136
3,041
3,217
31,887
66
68
98
106
111
113
128
128
127
132
128
135
1,339
8
9
12
14
14
14
16
16
16
17
16
17
171
30
52
406
304
385
682
338
364
683
1,101
1,387
1,765
7,497
16
59
185
371
554
587
426
687
380
536
303
375
4,477
14
-7
221
-67
-169
95
-88
-323
303
565
1,084
1,390
3,020
2,110
2,109
2,434
2,625
2,635
2,709
2,956
3,210
3,166
2,994
4,058
4,509
4,509
h -58
-2
325
191
9
74
247
254
-44
-172
1,064
451
2,340
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,651
1,606
2,228
2,274
2,457
2,706
2,710
2,478
3,368
3,873
3,060
4,156
32,567
69
67
94
95
103
114
114
104
141
163
129
175
1,368
9
9
12
12
13
15
15
13
18
21
16
22
175
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
9
12
21
(s)
(s)
(s)
1,612
2,183
3,795
68
92
159
9
12
20
233
175
408
135
141
276
98
34
132
4,171
3,928
3,928
-338
-243
-581
0
0
0
2,048
2,461
4,508
86
103
189
11
13
24

17
20
(s)
(s)
3,189
3,638
134
153
17
19
82
120
75
383
7
-263
2,109
2,895
-60
883
0
0
3,256
2,492
137
105
17
13
a Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
b Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of
biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Stocks are at end of period. Through 2010, includes stocks at bulk terminals
only. Beginning in 2011, includes stocks at bulk terminals and biodiesel production
plants.
e A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
f Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data
sources, Balancing Item is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
g Derived from the final 2010 stocks value for bulk terminals and biodiesel
production plants (977 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value for bulk terminals
only (672 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.
142
h Derived from the preliminary 2012 stocks value (2,169 thousand barrels), not
the final 2012 value (2,083 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodieselsee Table A3). Through
2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Beginning in 2014,
biodiesel production data are estimated by EIA, and are only partially based on
survey data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy
consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6); geothermal electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate
see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat ratesee Table A6); wood and wood-derived
fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste
from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass) consumption; fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and
losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol
and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 10.1, renewable
energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all
renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels
production comprises biomass inputs to the production of
fuel ethanol and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources
Residential Sector, Wood

19491979:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457, Residential Energy
Consumption Survey; and EIA estimates based on Form
EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by
the number of days in the year and then multiplying by
the number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for
2014 is set equal to that of 2013.)
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1989 forward: Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms, are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal

1989 forward: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center. Monthly estimates are created by dividing the
annual estimates by the number of days in the year and
then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
annual estimates for 20122014 are set equal to that of
2011.)
Commercial Sector, Solar/PV
Residential Sector, Geothermal

annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then
multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
2011.)
Residential Sector, Solar/PV

19892009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
estimates based on Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal
Collector Manufacturers Survey, and Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.
Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
2010 forward: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report; Form
EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey (pre-2010 data); and SEIA/GTM Research, U.S.
Solar Market Insight: 2010 Year in Review. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the
number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for 2014
is 15.0% higher than that of 2013, based on the growth rate for
residential/commercial solar/PV in EIAs Annual Energy
Outlook, Table 17.)
2008 forward: Commercial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from EIA, Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6.
Commercial Sector, Wind

2009 forward: Commercial sector wind electricity net
generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood

19491979:
19801983:
Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA estimate based on the 1983 value.
19851988: Values interpolated.
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables
7.4a7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871,
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Data for wood consumption at commercial combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants are calculated as total wood
consumption at electricity-only and CHP plants (MER,
Table 7.4a) minus wood consumption in the electric power
sector (MER, Table 7.4b) and at industrial CHP plants
143
(MER, Table 7.4c). Annual estimates for wood consumption at other commercial plants are based on Form EIA-871
(the annual estimate for 2014 is set equal to that of 2013);
monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c.
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7a, and 10.3.
Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7a) divided by total motor gasoline product
supplied (Table 3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).
Table 10.2b Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
1949 forward: Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal

multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
2011.)
Industrial Sector, Solar/PV

2010 forward: Industrial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-923,
"Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United

States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table
7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-846,
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Data for
wood consumption at industrial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates
for wood consumption at other industrial plants are based on
Form EIA-846 (the annual estimate for 2014 is set equal to
that of 2013); monthly estimates are created by dividing the
multiplying by the number of days in the month.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste

1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1982 and 1983: EIA estimates for total waste consumption
based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
waste consumption.
waste consumption.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
waste consumption.
1988: Value interpolated.
Industrial Sector, Wind

2011 forward: Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Wood

19491979:
19801983:
Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c; and EIA estimates

based on information presented in Government Advisory
Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane
Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane
Outreach Program. Data for waste consumption at industrial
CHP plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for
waste consumption at other industrial plants are based on
the non-EIA sources listed above (the annual estimate for
2014 is set equal to that of 2013); monthly estimates are
created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days
in the month.

Table 1.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7b, and 10.3.

Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption
144
(Table 3.7b) divided by total motor gasoline product

Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and
co-products (Table 10.3) plus biodiesel losses and
co-products (Table 10.4).
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus

Denaturant)
1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7c, and 10.3.
Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7c) divided by total motor gasoline product
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

2001 forward: EIA, MER, Table 10.4. Transportation sector
biodiesel consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel
consumption.
Table 10.3 Sources

Feedstock
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in
thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and then multiplied by
the fuel ethanol feedstock factorsee Table A3.
Losses and Co-products

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus
denaturant minus fuel ethanol production.
Denaturant
19812008:
Data in thousand barrels for petroleum
denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2
percent of fuel ethanol production; these data are converted
to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the
estimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and
conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1.
Data in thousand barrels for net production of pentanes plus
at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by
-1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production
of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are
multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat
content of conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is
the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor
gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
2013 and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net
production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to
Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the
approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in
thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at
renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1;
these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum
of the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor
gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
Production
19811992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal
fuel ethanol consumptionsee sources for "Consumption."
19932004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus
fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports.
These data differ slightly from the original production data
from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report,"
and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and
updated to be consistent with the final balance.
20052008:
Report."
EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate
20092012: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for net

production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
2013 and 2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data
for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and
oxygenate plants.
Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change

19922012: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.
2013 and 2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.
Consumption
19811989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption
1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983,
1985, 1986, and 1988.
19901992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy
Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for
1991.
19932004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.
Calculated as 10 percent of oxygenated finished motor
gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).
20052008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.
Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments
(Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1),
plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).
145
20092012: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1. Calculated

as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel
ethanol adjustments.
2011 and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA),

annual reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel
ethanol.
2013 and 2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus
fuel ethanol adjustments.
2013 and 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),

monthly reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
Consumption Minus Denaturant
Trade
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption

minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed.
Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel
ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.
Table 10.4 Sources

Feedstock
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production in
thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel
(the biodiesel feedstock factorsee Table A3).
Losses and Co-products

2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus
biodiesel production.
20012011: For imports, U.S. Department of Agriculture,

data for the following Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes:
3824.90.40.20, Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable Mixture
(data through June 2010); and 3824.90.40.30,
Biodiesel/Mixes (data for July 20102011). For exports,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following
Schedule B codes: 3824.90.40.00, Fatty Substances
Animal/Vegetable/Mixture (data through 2010); and
3824.90.40.30, Biodiesel <70% (data for 2011). (The
data above are converted from pounds to gallons by dividing by 7.4.) Although these categories include products
other than biodiesel (such as biodiesel coprocessed with
petroleum feedstocks; and products destined for soaps,
cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel
trade, EIA sees these data as good substitutes.
2012: EIA, PSA, annual report, Tables 25 and 31, data for
biomass-based diesel fuel.
Production
20012005: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity
Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual
data are derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are
estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days
in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.
2006: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
M311KFats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and
Stocks, data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). In addition, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow
grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2007: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
and
Oils:
Production,
Census,
M311KFats
Consumption, and Stocks, data for all fats and oils
consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2008: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October 2010), Table 11. Monthly
data for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, M311K data, multiplied
by the EIA 2008 annual values share of the M311K 2008
annual value.
2013 and 2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 37 and

49, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.
Stocks and Stock Change

20092012: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for
renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
2013 and 2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data
for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
Balancing Item
2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel consumption and
biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and
biodiesel net imports.
Consumption
20012008: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
January and February 2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for
refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
March 2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production
plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change.
2009 and 2010: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production

Report, monthly reports, Table 1.
146
11. International
Petroleum
Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview

World Production, 19732013
World Production, Monthly
80
80
World
60
World
60
Non-OPEC
Non-OPEC
40
40
OPEC
OPEC
Persian Gulf Nations
20
20
Persian Gulf Nations
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected Producers, 19732013
2012
2013
2014
Selected Producers, Monthly
12
12
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
Saudi Arabia
United States
6
Russia
United
States
6
China
Iran
Iran
China
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Notes: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries. The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from
the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is included in Per-
148
2012
2013
2014
sian Gulf Nations.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Figure 11.1b World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country

3.259
3.508
Selected Non-OPEC Countries
Canada
February 2013
February 2014
4.146
4.201
China
0.528
0.492
Egypt
2.595
2.541
Mexico
1.502
1.621
Norway
9.990
10.165
Russia
0.831
0.911
United Kingdom
7.123
United States
8.033
1.490
1.520
Algeria
1.750
1.720
Angola
0.506
0.551
OPEC Countries
Ecuador
Iran
3.200
3.200
Iraq
3.075
3.425
2.650
2.650
Kuwait
1.400
Libya
0.380
2.320
2.370
Nigeria
1.553
1.563
Qatar
9.140
Saudi Arabia
9.890
2.820
2.820
United Arab Emirates
2.300
2.300
Venezuela
10
12
Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting C ountries.

149
Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members

Qatar
Saudi
Arabiaa
United
Arab
Emirates
Venezuela
Total
OPECb
Iran
Iraq
Kuwaita
209
161
204
281
285
392
396
388
375
373
395
412
393
411
528
532
536
511
505
486
486
500
5,861
5,350
1,662
2,250
3,088
3,643
3,686
3,664
3,634
3,557
3,696
3,724
3,444
3,743
4,001
4,139
4,028
3,912
4,050
4,037
4,080
4,054
2,018
2,262
2,514
1,433
2,040
560
579
1,155
2,150
2,508
2,571
2,390
2,023
1,308
2,011
1,878
1,996
2,086
2,375
2,391
2,399
2,626
3,020
2,084
1,656
1,023
1,175
2,057
2,062
2,007
2,085
1,898
2,079
1,998
1,894
2,136
2,376
2,529
2,535
2,464
2,586
2,350
2,300
2,530
2,175
1,480
1,787
1,059
1,375
1,390
1,401
1,446
1,390
1,319
1,410
1,367
1,319
1,421
1,515
1,633
1,681
1,702
1,736
1,650
1,650
465
2,054
1,783
2,055
1,495
1,810
1,993
2,001
2,132
2,153
2,130
2,165
2,256
2,118
2,275
2,329
2,627
2,440
2,350
2,165
2,208
2,455
2,550
570
438
472
301
406
442
510
550
696
665
742
730
709
807
901
978
996
1,083
1,198
1,279
1,459
1,571
7,596
7,075
9,900
3,388
6,410
8,231
8,218
8,362
8,389
7,833
8,404
8,031
7,634
8,775
9,101
9,550
9,152
8,722
9,261
8,250
8,900
9,458
1,533
1,664
1,709
1,193
2,117
2,233
2,278
2,316
2,345
2,169
2,368
2,205
2,082
2,348
2,478
2,535
2,636
2,603
2,681
2,413
2,415
2,679
3,366
2,346
2,168
1,677
2,137
2,750
2,938
3,280
3,167
2,826
3,155
3,010
2,604
2,335
2,557
2,565
2,511
2,490
2,464
2,319
2,216
2,300
29,661
25,790
25,383
15,367
22,498
25,500
26,003
27,274
28,346
27,199
28,944
28,129
26,465
27,977
30,432
31,897
31,607
31,354
32,672
30,834
31,799
32,019
1,850
1,900
1,750
1,850
1,800
1,750
1,700
1,800
1,700
1,750
1,730
1,750
1,777
504
503
499
500
498
502
508
512
506
503
504
503
504
3,850
3,800
3,750
3,600
3,525
3,350
3,200
3,100
3,150
3,000
3,000
3,100
3,367
2,675
2,575
2,725
2,965
2,925
2,975
3,075
3,175
3,275
3,075
3,225
3,125
2,983
2,650
2,650
2,640
2,640
2,640
2,630
2,625
2,625
2,610
2,610
2,650
2,650
2,635
1,000
1,200
1,350
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,450
1,500
1,500
1,450
1,350
1,367
2,520
2,580
2,520
2,640
2,580
2,580
2,580
2,640
2,460
2,340
2,280
2,520
2,520
1,660
1,660
1,560
1,550
1,520
1,515
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,551
9,840
10,040
10,030
9,930
9,730
10,020
10,015
10,015
9,800
9,800
9,540
9,240
9,832
2,720
2,720
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,804
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
33,119
33,478
33,494
33,745
33,288
33,386
33,295
33,511
33,197
32,706
32,508
32,369
33,173
1,490
1,490
1,490
1,510
1,510
1,510
1,520
1,520
1,412
1,412
1,420
1,520
1,484
1,800
1,750
1,850
1,815
1,850
1,830
1,750
1,730
1,770
1,760
1,780
1,800
1,791
505
506
504
516
522
524
530
537
535
540
545
548
526
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,075
3,075
3,075
3,175
3,075
3,100
3,100
3,275
2,825
2,975
2,975
2,925
3,054
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
1,350
1,400
1,350
1,450
1,420
1,130
1,000
590
360
550
220
230
918
2,410
2,320
2,420
2,400
2,420
2,270
2,400
2,370
2,420
2,370
2,270
2,350
2,369
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
9,140
9,140
9,140
9,440
9,640
9,840
10,040
10,240
10,140
9,840
9,840
9,740
9,685
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
32,293
32,204
32,352
32,829
32,960
32,727
32,863
32,785
31,985
31,970
31,573
31,636
32,350
2014 January ......................

February ....................
1,470
1,520
1,494
1,650
1,720
1,683
550
551
550
3,200
3,200
3,200
3,125
3,425
3,267
2,650
2,650
2,650
510
380
448
2,340
2,370
2,354
1,563
1,563
1,563
9,940
9,890
9,916
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,300
2,300
2,300
32,118
32,389
32,247

1,490
1,550
1,776
1,874
506
503
3,200
3,826
3,075
2,627
2,650
2,650
1,374
1,097
2,367
2,549
1,553
1,660
9,140
9,937
2,820
2,720
2,300
2,300
32,251
33,292
Algeria
Angola
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,097
983
1,106
1,036
1,180
1,162
1,227
1,259
1,226
1,177
1,214
1,265
1,349
1,516
1,582
1,692
1,699
1,708
1,705
1,585
1,540
1,540
162
165
150
231
475
646
709
714
735
745
746
742
896
903
1,052
1,239
1,398
1,724
1,946
1,867
1,899
1,746
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,550
1,550
1,550
1,550
1,550
1,544
1,546
1,548
1,550
1,482
1,483
1,485
1,532
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Ecuador
a Except for the period from August 1990 through May 1991, includes about
one-half of the production in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. Kuwaiti Neutral
Zone output was discontinued following Iraqs invasion of Kuwait on August 2,
1990, but was resumed in June 1991. In February 2014, Neutral Zone production
by both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia totaled about 520 thousand barrels per day. Data
for Saudi Arabia include approximately 150 thousand barrels per day from the Abu
Safah field produced on behalf of Bahrain.
b See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Glossary.
On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
150
Libya
Nigeria
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World
Selected Non-OPECa Producers
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Canada
China
Egypt
Mexico
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
20,668
18,934
17,961
9,630
15,278
17,208
17,367
18,095
19,337
18,667
19,897
19,114
17,824
19,154
20,906
21,644
21,377
20,904
22,186
20,754
21,589
22,953
1,798
1,430
1,435
1,471
1,553
1,805
1,837
1,922
1,981
1,907
1,977
2,029
2,171
2,306
2,398
2,369
2,525
2,628
2,579
2,579
2,741
2,901
1,090
1,490
2,114
2,505
2,774
2,990
3,131
3,200
3,198
3,195
3,249
3,300
3,390
3,409
3,485
3,609
3,673
3,729
3,790
3,796
4,078
4,059
165
235
595
887
873
920
922
856
834
852
768
720
715
713
673
623
535
530
566
587
568
551
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
23,436
23,486
23,566
23,546
23,201
23,351
23,302
23,302
23,222
22,872
22,802
22,502
23,214
3,108
3,249
3,037
3,155
3,035
3,014
3,114
3,064
3,011
3,173
3,271
3,427
3,138
4,022
3,986
4,015
4,060
4,021
3,963
3,968
4,071
4,242
4,217
4,232
4,224
4,085
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
22,486
22,486
22,486
22,886
22,986
23,211
23,411
23,786
23,236
23,086
23,086
22,936
23,010
3,329
3,259
3,429
3,237
3,026
3,146
3,306
3,471
3,352
3,335
3,468
3,524
3,324
2014 January ......................

February ....................
23,346
23,596
23,465

22,486
23,460
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
Russia
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
NonOPECa
World
8,324
9,523
11,706
11,585
10,975
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,995
5,850
5,920
5,854
6,079
6,479
6,917
7,408
8,132
8,805
9,043
9,247
9,437
9,357
9,495
9,694
9,774
2
12
1,622
2,530
1,820
2,489
2,568
2,518
2,616
2,684
2,275
2,282
2,292
2,093
1,845
1,649
1,490
1,498
1,391
1,328
1,233
1,026
9,208
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,181
5,088
5,077
5,000
5,353
5,471
5,652
26,018
27,039
34,175
38,598
37,999
36,934
37,815
38,532
38,685
38,768
39,583
40,003
40,825
41,483
42,155
41,873
41,792
41,730
41,263
41,775
42,579
42,470
55,679
52,828
59,558
53,965
60,497
62,434
63,818
65,806
67,032
65,967
68,527
68,132
67,290
69,460
72,587
73,771
73,398
73,084
73,935
72,609
74,378
74,489
1,761
1,745
1,715
1,720
1,699
1,583
1,553
1,570
1,309
1,549
1,517
1,558
1,607
9,894
9,889
9,891
9,861
9,882
9,861
9,882
9,907
9,941
9,984
10,048
10,018
9,922
1,021
1,034
977
975
899
950
946
792
601
682
864
923
888
R 6,136
R 6,239
R 6,290
R 6,286
R 6,329
R 42,922
R 42,878
R 42,566
R 42,603
R 42,355
R 76,041
R 76,356
R 76,060
R 76,348
R 75,643
6,242
42,094
75,480
R 6,378
R 6,296
R 6,562
R 6,934
R 7,038
R 7,075
R 6,484
R 42,350
R 42,151
R 41,978
R 42,963
R 43,583
R 43,891
R 75,645
R 75,662
R 75,176
R 75,669
R 76,091
R 76,260
42,695
75,868
2,602
2,595
2,555
2,557
2,548
2,559
2,522
2,554
2,563
2,580
2,553
2,557
2,562
1,545
1,502
1,498
1,567
1,563
1,386
1,648
1,546
1,395
1,477
1,613
1,611
1,530
9,995
9,990
9,995
10,002
10,018
9,955
10,052
10,064
10,082
10,109
R 10,209
R 10,110
R 10,049
923
831
812
830
861
781
792
630
744
732
833
955
810
RE 7,024
RE 7,123
RE 7,163
RE 7,324
E 7,263
RE 7,217
RE 7,455
RE 7,461
RE 7,755
RE 7,712
RE 7,948
RE 7,902
RE 7,447
R 43,400
R 43,319
R 43,309
R 43,274
R 75,693
R 75,523
R 75,661
R 76,102
43,126
76,085
R 43,277
R 43,664
R 43,454
R 43,734
R 44,015
R 44,848
R 44,822
R 43,689
R 76,004
R 76,527
R 76,239
R 75,719
R 75,985
R 76,421
R 76,458
R 76,039
495
492
494
2,545
2,541
2,543
1,633
1,621
1,627
R 10,131
R 831
R 76,693
911
869
RE 8,005
E 8,033
E 8,018
R 44,575
10,165
10,147
44,910
44,734
77,299
76,981
530
544
2,599
2,578
1,525
1,753
9,993
9,892
879
1,027
E 7,071
43,361
42,901
75,612
76,193
Norway
Former
U.S.S.R.
465
705
1,936
2,745
2,553
2,711
2,944
3,104
3,160
2,998
3,104
3,218
3,263
3,459
3,476
3,423
3,345
3,143
2,839
2,646
2,621
2,600
32
189
486
773
1,630
2,766
3,091
3,142
3,011
3,019
3,222
3,226
3,131
3,042
2,954
2,698
2,491
2,270
2,182
2,067
1,869
1,752
544
544
544
541
541
541
538
538
538
535
535
535
539
2,566
2,591
2,600
2,590
2,591
2,588
2,571
2,600
2,602
2,584
2,622
2,606
2,593
4,168
4,146
4,164
4,174
4,174
4,244
4,043
4,075
4,107
4,255
4,205
4,215
4,164
531
528
525
522
519
516
513
510
507
504
501
498
514
R 3,477
R 4,141
3,508
3,492
4,201
4,169
3,296
3,176
4,158
4,004
a See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.

On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. E=Estimate.
6,186
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available. Data for countries may not sum to World totals
due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
Web Page:
151
Figure 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

Overview, 19732013
OECD Total, January

60
100
80
World
45.130
45.631
45.048
2012
2013
2014
40
60
OECD
40
20
United States
20
OECD Europe
Japan
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Selected OECD Country

January 2013
January 2014
1.684
France
1.610
2.234
Germany
2.260
1.230
Italy
1.179
1.457
United Kingdom
1.433
2.310
Canada
2.240
5.196
Japan
4.957
2.402
South Korea
2.344
18.646
United States
18.921
12
16
20
24
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Development.
Source: Table 11.2.
152
Table 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

France
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
World
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
2,601
2,252
2,256
1,753
1,826
1,920
1,949
1,969
2,043
2,031
2,000
2,054
1,985
2,001
2,009
1,991
1,991
1,979
1,945
1,868
1,833
1,792
3,324
2,957
3,082
2,651
2,682
2,882
2,922
2,917
2,923
2,836
2,767
2,807
2,710
2,662
2,649
2,621
2,639
2,416
2,542
2,453
2,470
2,397
2,068
1,855
1,934
1,705
1,868
1,942
1,920
1,934
1,943
1,891
1,854
1,832
1,870
1,860
1,829
1,781
1,777
1,729
1,667
1,544
1,544
1,494
2,341
1,911
1,725
1,617
1,776
1,816
1,852
1,810
1,792
1,811
1,765
1,747
1,739
1,759
1,785
1,820
1,806
1,753
1,726
1,637
1,621
1,584
15,879
14,314
14,995
12,772
13,762
14,762
15,055
15,195
15,500
15,409
15,272
15,442
15,379
15,486
15,589
15,704
15,708
15,528
15,436
14,692
14,664
14,252
1,729
1,779
1,873
1,514
1,722
1,799
1,853
1,940
1,931
2,016
2,014
2,043
2,065
2,191
2,282
2,315
2,229
2,283
2,225
2,163
2,265
2,266
4,949
4,621
4,960
4,436
5,315
5,693
5,739
5,702
5,507
5,642
5,515
5,412
5,319
5,428
5,319
5,328
5,197
5,037
4,798
4,390
4,455
4,471
281
311
537
552
1,048
2,008
2,101
2,255
1,917
2,084
2,135
2,132
2,149
2,175
2,155
2,191
2,180
2,241
2,142
2,188
2,269
2,258
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
1,768
1,885
2,449
2,699
3,040
3,452
3,509
3,629
3,757
3,844
3,902
3,892
3,877
3,920
4,021
4,100
4,135
4,256
4,294
4,169
4,154
4,224
41,913
39,232
41,870
37,699
41,875
45,439
46,566
47,342
47,529
48,514
48,539
48,570
48,551
49,234
50,096
50,441
50,137
50,025
48,393
46,374
46,986
46,353
57,237
56,198
63,113
60,083
66,533
70,099
71,714
73,464
74,117
75,833
76,784
77,476
78,173
79,714
82,579
84,085
85,148
85,932
84,513
84,784
87,378
88,503
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,746
1,951
1,726
1,688
1,673
1,782
1,801
1,665
1,727
1,809
1,710
1,613
1,740
2,135
2,567
2,263
2,291
2,351
2,521
2,496
2,333
2,388
2,573
2,549
2,212
2,388
1,305
1,351
1,358
1,337
1,346
1,411
1,422
1,370
1,358
1,399
1,299
1,277
1,353
1,424
1,548
1,598
1,584
1,502
1,510
1,491
1,460
1,509
1,406
1,490
1,516
1,503
12,978
14,459
13,684
13,616
13,632
14,141
14,024
13,686
13,755
14,185
13,814
12,982
13,742
2,116
2,190
2,244
2,171
2,313
2,170
2,300
2,429
2,279
2,314
2,457
2,346
2,278
5,161
5,547
5,149
4,378
4,371
4,114
4,373
4,631
4,445
4,424
4,641
5,494
4,726
2,398
2,444
2,186
2,132
2,214
2,337
2,228
2,267
2,298
2,232
2,456
2,432
2,301
18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490
4,174
4,352
4,388
4,197
4,288
4,311
4,277
4,380
4,160
4,415
4,441
4,378
4,314
45,130
47,635
45,814
44,704
45,406
45,930
45,717
46,549
45,028
46,274
46,336
45,753
45,851
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
89,094
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,684
1,813
1,746
1,807
1,737
1,716
1,858
1,694
1,715
1,767
1,626
1,639
1,733
2,234
2,321
2,342
2,581
2,457
2,491
2,453
2,422
2,445
2,538
2,420
2,155
2,405
1,230
1,325
1,284
1,302
1,268
1,272
1,410
1,267
1,322
1,381
1,260
1,293
1,301
1,457
1,533
1,504
1,555
R 1,488
R 1,591
R 1,495
1,522
R 1,547
R 1,460
R 1,545
1,459
R 1,512
12,887
5,196
5,315
4,760
4,319
4,116
3,892
4,390
4,406
4,145
4,197
4,836
5,223
4,563
2,402
2,387
2,159
2,267
2,256
2,301
2,245
2,306
2,216
2,230
2,436
2,466
2,305
18,646
18,659
18,476
18,553
18,551
18,724
19,046
19,091
19,116
19,273
19,413
19,081
18,887
4,189
4,261
4,144
4,293
4,213
4,250
4,203
4,301
4,003
R 4,236
R 4,159
R 4,208
4,205
45,631
R 13,630
2,310
2,287
2,256
R 2,270
R 2,347
R 2,311
2,269
R 2,330
R 2,337
R 2,253
R 2,321
R 2,221
R 2,292
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90,228
2014 January ......................
1,610
2,260
1,179
1,433
12,604
2,240
4,957
2,344
18,921
3,981
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
R 13,453
R 13,271
R 14,011
R 13,702
R 13,736
R 14,156
R 13,830
R 13,876
R 14,031
R 13,575
R 13,031
a Data are for unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West
Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
R 46,362
R 45,067
R 45,714
R 45,185
R 45,214
R 46,309
R 46,263
R 45,693
R 46,221
R 46,740
R 46,229
R 45,882
45,048
NA
rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of

Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: United States: Table 3.1. Chile, East Germany, Former
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Non-OECD
Countries, U.S. Territories, and World: 19731979U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. Countries Other Than
United States: 19802008EIA, International Energy Statistics (IES). OECD
Countries, and U.S. Territories: 2009 forwardEIA, IES. World: 2009
forwardEIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, May 2014, Table 3a. All Other
Data:International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil Statistics and Energy
Balances in OECD Countries, various issues.
153
Figure 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Billion Barrels)
Overview, End of Year, 19732013
OECD Stocks, End of Month, January
OECD
4.189
4.237
2012
2013
4.142
2
United States
OECD Europe
Japan
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2014
By Selected OECD Country, End of Month

January 2013
January 2014
0.162
France
0.171
0.292
Germany
0.290
0.129
Italy
0.127
0.086
United Kingdom
0.081
0.172
Canada
0.175
0.593
Japan
0.579
0.179
South Korea
0.178
1.812
United States
1.743
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Source: Table 11.3.
154
1.6
1.8
2.0
Table 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels)
France
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
201
225
243
139
143
155
154
161
169
160
170
165
170
179
177
185
182
180
179
175
168
165
181
187
319
277
280
302
303
299
323
290
272
273
253
273
267
283
283
275
279
284
287
281
152
143
170
156
171
162
152
147
153
148
157
151
156
153
154
151
153
152
148
146
143
135
156
165
168
131
103
101
103
100
104
101
100
113
104
100
101
95
103
92
93
89
83
80
1,070
1,154
1,464
1,154
1,222
1,256
1,259
1,271
1,355
1,258
1,318
1,306
1,273
1,316
1,319
1,371
1,404
1,389
1,431
1,424
1,385
1,330
140
174
164
112
143
132
127
144
139
141
143
154
155
165
154
168
169
163
162
157
184
178
303
375
495
500
572
631
651
685
649
629
634
634
615
636
635
612
631
621
629
589
587
589
NA
NA
NA
13
64
92
123
124
129
132
140
143
140
155
149
135
152
143
135
155
165
167
1,008
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750
67
67
72
119
126
122
127
123
120
114
126
120
112
105
108
112
113
121
124
118
120
118
2,588
2,903
3,587
3,417
3,749
3,795
3,794
3,907
4,039
3,766
3,829
3,944
3,843
3,945
4,010
4,095
4,187
4,103
4,218
4,219
4,234
4,131
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
166
165
165
163
162
164
163
168
164
160
160
162
288
286
284
284
281
280
285
284
283
282
287
287
138
138
139
137
137
134
132
138
143
141
138
126
84
84
82
85
82
82
80
82
75
75
85
81
1,359
1,356
1,367
1,359
1,338
1,340
1,350
1,367
1,349
1,330
1,345
1,337
178
180
171
170
172
170
173
177
180
175
174
174
594
583
580
592
597
601
608
603
606
614
604
591
164
171
164
174
183
177
181
179
184
180
177
175
1,773
1,767
1,783
1,784
1,796
1,810
1,813
1,801
1,819
1,810
1,810
1,808
121
113
113
115
117
112
116
114
117
110
106
108
4,189
4,172
4,178
4,195
4,202
4,210
4,241
4,241
4,254
4,219
4,217
4,193
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
162
162
161
159
163
166
166
167
166
167
167
167
292
289
291
289
291
288
289
288
287
288
287
289
129
130
131
132
121
126
126
127
131
130
131
R 125
86
81
80
85
80
84
83
84
82
81
81
R 83
R 1,375
593
583
591
598
594
588
579
579
591
587
587
575
179
176
188
176
177
182
189
188
191
190
181
178
1,812
1,791
1,793
1,807
1,817
1,818
1,818
1,821
1,832
1,812
1,792
1,760
105
110
114
114
111
116
114
114
113
114
114
112
R 4,237
1,374
1,370
R 1,343
1,343
1,358
R 1,350
1,355
1,352
1,340
R 1,343
172
175
171
173
170
174
177
185
183
178
174
170
2014 January ....................
171
290
127
81
1,355
175
579
178
1,743
113
4,142
R 1,377
a Through December 1983, the data for Germany are for the former West
Germany only. Beginning with January 1984, the data for Germany are for the
unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Petroleum stocks include crude oil
R 4,213
4,232
4,237
R 4,212
4,221
R 4,234
R 4,237
4,264
R 4,234
4,188
R 4,138
(including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined
products. In the United States in January 1975, 1981, and 1983, numerous
respondents were added to bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, thereby affecting
subsequent stocks reported. New-basis end-of-year U.S. stocks, in million barrels,
would have been 1,121 in 1974, 1,425 in 1980, and 1,461 in 1982. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic
Web Page:
Sources: United States: Table 3.4. U.S. Territories: 1983
forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Database.
All Other Data: 19731982International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil
Statistics and Energy Balances, various issues. 1983IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas
Statistics Database. 1984 forwardIEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, May 15, 2014.
155
International Petroleum
Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources
United States
Table 3.1.
All Other Countries and World, Annual Data
International Energy Annual 1981, Table 8.
1980 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, May 2014.
All Other Countries and World, Monthly Data
19731980: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW), Oil &
Gas Journal (OGJ), and EIA adjustments.
19811993: PIW, OGJ, and other industry sources.
1994 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, May 2014.
156
12. Environment
Figure 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
a
Total,a Monthly
Total, 19732013
8,000
800
6,000
600
4,000
400
2,000
200
2012
2013
2014
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

300
3,000
Petroleum
Petroleum
200
2,000
Coalb
1,000
Coalb
100
Natural Gas
Natural
Gas
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
2013
2014
1,500
Petroleum
1,000
175
1,009
920
939
Coal
153
500
Natural Gas
148
0
2012
a
b
158
2013
2014
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Includes coal coke net imports.
50
100
150
200
250
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.

Source: Table 12.1.
Table 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coalb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Natural Aviation Distillate

Gasc Gasoline Fuel Oild
Jet
Fuel
Kerosene
LPGe
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinef
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherg
Total
Totalh,i
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,207
1,181
1,436
1,638
1,821
1,913
1,995
2,040
2,064
2,062
2,155
2,088
2,095
2,136
2,160
2,182
2,147
2,172
2,140
1,876
1,986
1,876
1,178
1,046
1,061
926
1,024
1,183
1,204
1,210
1,189
1,193
1,243
1,188
1,227
1,193
1,200
1,183
1,167
1,241
1,248
1,225
1,286
1,305
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
480
443
446
445
470
498
525
534
538
555
580
598
587
610
632
640
648
652
615
564
590
604
155
146
156
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209
32
24
24
17
6
8
9
10
12
11
10
11
6
8
10
10
8
5
2
3
3
2
92
82
87
87
67
80
86
87
82
90
97
88
91
87
87
84
80
83
79
78
79
78
13
11
13
12
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
13
12
11
12
12
11
12
11
10
11
10
911
911
900
930
988
1,044
1,063
1,075
1,107
1,127
1,135
1,151
1,183
1,188
1,214
1,214
1,224
1,227
R 1,165
R 1,156
R 1,145
R 1,112
54
51
49
54
70
76
79
80
93
96
86
89
96
96
107
106
106
100
93
87
81
78
508
443
453
216
220
152
152
142
158
148
163
144
125
138
155
165
122
128
110
90
93
79
100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117
2,350
2,212
2,275
2,036
2,187
2,216
2,300
2,323
2,372
2,422
2,459
2,474
2,470
2,514
2,603
2,623
2,593
2,596
R 2,436
R 2,305
R 2,336
R 2,291
4,735
4,439
4,771
4,600
5,039
5,323
5,510
5,584
5,635
5,688
5,868
5,761
5,804
5,855
5,975
5,999
5,919
6,021
R 5,835
R 5,417
R 5,619
R 5,483
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
142
127
118
107
127
142
170
163
138
133
140
146
1,653
148
134
114
104
100
100
110
107
96
101
116
134
1,362
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
51
48
49
47
49
47
47
49
47
51
49
46
580
16
16
17
16
18
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
206
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
8
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
81
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
R 88
7
5
6
6
7
7
6
8
7
6
7
7
78
7
5
6
6
5
5
7
6
5
5
5
3
65
9
10
9
8
8
10
10
10
7
11
11
12
113
188
180
188
R 181
191
188
190
196
179
R 190
184
185
R 2,240
R 478
87
93
91
97
94
95
99
90
94
89
91
R 1,106
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
150
135
141
123
131
149
164
162
145
134
133
154
1,722
154
137
134
104
93
92
102
102
94
99
123
156
1,391
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
53
47
49
49
49
46
46
48
47
53
49
51
588
16
15
17
17
18
17
19
19
17
18
17
18
208
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
9
8
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
9
87
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
89
82
93
91
97
93
98
98
93
95
91
93
R 1,114
7
5
6
5
7
7
7
8
7
6
8
6
76
5
4
6
4
3
4
5
6
5
5
5
3
56
9
9
8
10
11
10
12
9
12
11
13
12
126
190
171
189
184
191
185
R 194
R 195
188
196
191
193
R 2,269
416
428
462
461
428
431
448
504
R 5,393
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
166
153
319
R 172
148
320
(s)
(s)
(s)
56
49
105
17
15
33
(s)
(s)
(s)
10
7
17
1
1
1
88
85
173
8
5
13
4
3
7
9
10
19
192
175
368
532
477
1,009

285
269
291
281
(s)
(s)
100
99
31
32
(s)
(s)
17
15
2
2
171
175
11
13
9
12
19
19
361
367
939
920
a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Includes coal coke net imports.
c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
e Liquefied petroleum gases.
f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass
waste. See Table 12.6.
i Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
442
420
393
418
431
471
467
R 414
426
440
466
R 5,267
495
444
R 465
R 412
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption, including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels.
See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Data exclude emissions from biomass energy consumption. See
Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
159
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Totala by End-Use Sector,b 19732013
Residential Sector by Major Source, 19732013
2,500
1,000
2,000
1,500
Retail Electricityb
750
Industrial
Transportation
500
Residential
1,000
Natural Gas
Commercial
250
500
Petroleum
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Commercial Sector by Major Source, 19732013
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Industrial Sector by Major Source, 19732013
1,000
1,000
Retail Electricityb
750
750
Retail Electricityb
Natural Gas
500
500
Petroleum
250
250
Natural Gas
Coal
Petroleum
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Transportation Sector by Major Source, 19732013
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 19732013
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
Coal
Petroleum
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
Petroleum
Base Gas
500
500
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0
0
1975
a
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of
b
160
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
total electricity retail sales.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.
Sources: Tables 12.212.6.
Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
9
6
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
LPGd
Total
Retail
Electricitye
Totalf
NA
NA
NA
NA
264
266
256
241
238
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
265
276
264
262
237
257
266
259
259
255
147
132
96
80
72
66
68
64
56
61
66
66
63
68
68
62
52
53
55
43
41
39
16
12
8
11
5
5
6
7
8
8
7
7
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
2
2
1
36
32
20
20
22
25
30
29
27
33
35
33
34
34
32
32
28
31
35
35
33
32
199
176
124
111
98
96
104
99
91
102
108
106
101
108
106
101
85
87
92
79
77
72
435
419
529
553
624
678
710
719
759
762
805
805
835
847
856
897
869
897
878
819
875
824
907
867
911
909
963
1,039
1,099
1,090
1,097
1,122
1,185
1,172
1,203
1,232
1,228
1,261
1,192
1,241
1,235
1,157
1,210
1,150
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
43
36
22
15
9
7
6
6
6
13
26
36
225
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
36
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
25
7
6
6
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
6
61
68
57
50
44
55
69
92
85
65
53
56
65
757
118
100
78
64
68
80
102
95
75
71
88
107
1,044
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
48
41
36
20
11
7
6
6
6
12
28
47
268
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
25
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
27
7
6
6
5
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
53
72
61
62
50
51
67
83
79
67
54
54
74
773
127
108
104
75
65
77
92
89
77
69
87
125
1,094
2014 January ......................

February ....................
2-Month Total ...........
NA
NA
NA
57
47
103
3
3
5
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
2
5
5
5
11
84
73
158
R 146
2013 2-Month Total ...........

2012 2-Month Total ...........
NA
NA
89
79
8
9
(s)
(s)
5
5
13
14
133
125
235
218

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
f Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
125
271
consumption. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. Data exclude emissions from
biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals
Web Page:
161
Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
Motor
Gasolinee
LPGd
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
15
14
11
13
12
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
8
7
7
6
141
136
141
132
142
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
170
173
170
163
154
164
171
169
168
171
47
43
38
46
39
35
35
32
31
32
36
37
32
36
34
33
29
28
28
29
29
29
5
4
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
8
6
6
6
7
8
8
7
9
9
9
9
10
10
8
8
8
10
9
9
9
6
6
8
7
8
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
24
21
14
11
8
7
7
7
8
12
17
21
157
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
26
23
21
13
9
7
7
7
8
11
19
26
179
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2014 January ....................

February ..................
1
1
1
31
27
58
2
2
4
2013 2-Month Total .........

2012 2-Month Total .........
1
1
49
45
6
7
NA
NA
NA
NA
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Retail
Electricityf
Totalg
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
52
39
44
18
18
11
11
9
7
6
7
6
6
9
10
9
6
6
6
6
5
4
120
100
98
79
73
56
57
54
51
51
58
57
52
61
58
55
48
47
47
47
46
46
334
333
412
480
566
620
643
686
724
735
783
797
795
796
816
842
836
861
850
785
805
769
609
583
662
704
793
851
883
926
947
960
1,022
1,027
1,026
1,037
1,054
1,069
1,043
1,078
1,076
1,008
1,026
991
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
40
57
53
52
51
60
66
76
73
63
61
59
59
731
87
79
70
65
72
76
86
84
74
76
79
84
933
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
33
59
54
58
53
59
67
74
73
65
61
58
63
744
90
82
83
70
70
76
83
83
76
75
79
92
959
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
3
6
66
59
125
101
89
190
(s)
(s)
2
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
8
9
114
110
172
166

e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
162
Petroleum
Coke
1
1
Web Page:
Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Coal
Coke
Net
Natural Distillate
Imports Gasb Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Kerosene
LPGd
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinee
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
Retail
Electricityg
Totalh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
371
336
289
256
258
233
227
224
219
208
211
204
188
190
191
183
179
175
168
131
153
146
-1
2
-4
-2
1
7
3
5
8
7
7
3
7
6
16
5
7
3
5
-3
-1
1
536
440
429
360
432
489
505
505
495
475
483
440
448
432
437
405
404
414
412
386
421
431
106
97
96
81
84
82
87
88
88
86
87
95
88
85
88
92
92
92
99
78
85
91
11
9
13
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
44
39
61
59
37
47
48
50
47
47
52
45
47
41
44
42
43
43
32
33
35
34
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
18
16
11
15
13
14
14
15
14
11
11
21
22
23
26
25
26
21
17
16
18
R 17
52
51
48
54
67
67
71
70
80
85
76
79
79
78
84
81
84
82
77
72
67
63
144
117
105
57
31
25
24
21
16
14
17
14
13
16
18
20
16
13
13
8
6
6
100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117
483
431
483
369
366
364
391
396
382
383
369
396
386
393
413
412
421
408
376
325
338
335
515
490
601
583
638
659
678
694
706
704
719
667
654
672
675
673
650
662
642
551
587
574
1,904
1,697
1,798
1,566
1,695
1,751
1,803
1,824
1,809
1,778
1,788
1,711
1,683
1,692
1,731
1,678
1,662
1,662
1,602
1,390
1,498
1,487
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
137
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
41
38
38
36
36
35
36
36
36
37
38
40
446
9
10
8
8
8
7
5
6
7
9
9
7
94
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
45
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
6
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
5
6
6
69
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
9
10
9
8
8
10
10
10
7
11
11
12
113
32
30
29
26
28
27
25
28
26
31
32
31
345
43
42
41
41
46
47
52
50
45
46
46
45
543
127
121
120
115
121
120
124
126
117
125
127
128
1,471
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
145
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-2
41
38
40
37
37
35
37
37
36
38
40
43
460
12
10
9
9
9
8
7
8
8
12
10
11
113
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
48
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
17
6
4
5
4
5
6
5
6
6
5
7
4
63
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
9
9
8
10
11
10
12
9
12
11
13
12
126
35
29
29
29
30
29
29
28
32
34
37
34
376
43
40
44
41
44
46
48
49
44
44
43
44
531
131
119
124
118
124
122
126
126
123
129
132
134
1,509
2014 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
12
12
24
(s)
1
1
44
40
84
15
12
27
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
4
10
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
3
7
4
11
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
10
19
37
32
69
45
41
86
138
125
264

24
23
(s)
(s)
79
79
22
19
(s)
(s)
10
9
1
1
3
3
9
10
(s)
1
19
19
64
62
83
84
251
248

f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
h Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million
metric tons.
See "Section 12
Web Page:
163
Table 12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector
Petroleum
Coal
Natural
Gasb
(s)
(s)
(h)
h
( )
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
39
32
34
28
36
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
38
38
39
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
163
155
204
232
268
307
327
342
352
366
378
387
394
409
434
444
469
472
427
408
429
441
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
41
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
42
2014 January ....................

February ..................
(h)
(h)
(h)
2013 2-Month Total .........

2012 2-Month Total .........
(h)
(h)
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Jet
Fuel
Totalg
1,273
1,258
1,363
1,391
1,548
1,639
1,683
1,699
1,743
1,789
1,833
1,813
1,851
1,856
1,926
1,953
1,984
1,999
R 1,881
R 1,819
R 1,842
R 1,812
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
1,315
1,292
1,400
1,421
1,588
1,681
1,725
1,744
1,782
1,828
1,872
1,852
1,892
1,893
1,962
1,991
2,022
2,040
R 1,922
R 1,862
R 1,885
R 1,855
5
5
5
5
4
4
6
5
5
4
4
2
53
142
137
148
147
154
152
155
158
145
151
143
143
R 1,774
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
R 146
142
152
150
157
155
159
162
148
154
147
147
R 1,819
87
81
91
90
95
92
96
97
R 91
93
90
92
R 1,094
4
3
5
3
2
4
4
5
4
4
4
2
45
142
130
149
146
153
150
R 157
159
149
R 154
146
148
R 1,784
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
147
134
153
R 149
156
153
161
163
152
158
150
153
R 1,830
(s)
(s)
1
87
83
170
2
2
3
141
133
274
(s)
(s)
1
146
138
284
1
1
168
172
7
10
272
279
1
1
281
288
Lubricants
152
145
155
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
886
889
881
908
967
1,029
1,047
1,057
1,090
1,115
1,121
1,127
1,158
1,161
1,185
1,186
1,194
1,201
R 1,145
R 1,136
R 1,123
R 1,092
57
56
110
62
80
72
67
56
53
52
70
46
53
45
58
66
71
78
73
62
70
61
32
31
34
35
37
36
37
38
35
37
35
34
420
16
16
17
16
18
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
206
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
87
85
91
90
95
92
94
97
88
92
87
89
R 1,087
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
34
31
34
35
37
36
37
38
35
39
35
36
427
16
15
17
17
18
17
19
19
17
18
17
18
208
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
5
4
10
(s)
(s)
(s)
35
32
67
17
15
33
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
8
(s)
(s)
64
63
31
32
(s)
(s)

f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
h Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
164
Retail
Electricityf
LPGd
Motor
Gasolinee
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

See "Section 12
Web Page:
Table 12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Geothermal
NonBiomass
Wasted
Totale
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
812
824
1,137
1,367
1,548
1,661
1,752
1,797
1,828
1,836
1,927
1,870
1,890
1,931
1,943
1,984
1,954
1,987
1,959
1,741
1,828
1,723
199
172
200
166
176
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
399
409
20
17
12
6
7
8
8
8
10
10
13
12
9
12
8
8
5
7
5
5
6
5
2
(s)
1
1
3
8
8
10
13
11
10
11
18
18
23
25
22
17
16
14
15
15
254
231
194
79
92
45
50
56
82
76
69
79
52
69
69
69
28
31
19
14
12
7
276
248
207
86
102
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
100
102
56
55
40
34
33
27
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
11
11
11
1,286
1,244
1,544
1,619
1,831
1,960
2,033
2,101
2,192
2,204
2,310
2,273
2,288
2,319
2,352
2,417
2,359
2,426
2,374
2,159
2,271
2,171
2012 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
130
115
105
95
115
131
158
151
127
122
128
134
1,511
35
35
36
39
44
48
58
54
43
36
31
32
493
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
168
153
144
135
161
181
220
208
173
160
162
169
2,035
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
137
123
129
111
118
138
152
150
133
121
121
141
1,575
34
31
33
30
33
40
49
49
41
35
32
36
442
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
23
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
175
156
164
144
155
180
205
202
177
159
156
180
2,053
2014 January ........................

February ......................
2-Month Total .............
153
140
293
36
30
66
2
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
3
5
2
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
2
196
173
369
2013 2-Month Total .............

2012 2-Month Total .............
260
245
65
70
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
4
(s)
(s)
2
2
331
320

d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
e Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.

Web Page:
165
Table 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption

By Source
Woodb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
Biomass
Wastec
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
143
140
232
252
208
222
229
222
205
208
212
188
187
188
199
200
197
196
193
181
186
189
(s)
(s)
(s)
14
24
30
32
30
30
29
27
33
36
36
35
37
36
37
39
41
42
42
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
189
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
Fuel
Ethanold
NA
NA
NA
By Sector
Biodiesel
Total
Residential
Commerciale
Industrialf
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
31
39
55
62
73
73
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2
8
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312
33
40
80
95
54
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
36
39
44
47
41
42
1
1
2
2
8
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
11
109
100
150
168
147
166
170
172
160
161
161
147
144
141
151
150
151
146
139
125
136
139
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
42
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
73
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
8
26
25
26
25
26
26
27
27
26
26
26
27
312
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
39
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
17
15
17
16
16
17
18
17
16
17
17
18
201
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
43
6
5
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
75
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
13
27
25
28
26
28
28
29
28
27
28
28
29
331
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
54
2014 January ..................

February ................
17
16
33
4
3
7
6
6
12
1
1
2
28
25
53
2013 2-Month Total .......

2012 2-Month Total .......
33
31
7
7
11
11
1
1
52
51

b Wood and wood-derived fuels.
c Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
d Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.
e Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants.
f Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
g The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
166
Transportation
NA
NA
NA
Electric
Powerg
Total
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
33
41
57
64
74
80
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
23
28
30
30
30
30
29
31
35
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
40
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312
12
11
12
11
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
141
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
6
6
80
4
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
42
26
25
26
25
26
26
27
27
26
26
26
27
312
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
11
11
11
12
137
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
7
8
86
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
43
27
25
28
26
28
28
29
28
27
28
28
29
331
5
4
9
1
1
2
11
10
21
7
7
13
4
4
8
28
25
53
9
6
2
2
22
23
12
12
7
7
52
51

Notes: Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are
excluded from the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reported in Tables
12.112.6. See Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Data are estimates. See "Section 12
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Web Page:
Environment
Note 1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are those gasessuch as
water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoridethat are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation,
thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving
Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for about
98 percent of U.S. CO2 emissions. The vast majority of CO2
emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller
amounts from the nonfuel use of fossil fuels, as well as from
electricity generation using geothermal energy and nonbiomass waste. Other sources of CO2 emissions include
industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production. Data in the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER) Tables 12.112.6 are
estimates for U.S. CO2 emissions from energy consumption,
including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels (excluded are estimates for CO2 emissions from biomass energy consumption,
which appear in Table 12.7).
For annual U.S. estimates for emissions of CO2 from all
sources, as well as for emissions of other greenhouse gases,
see EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report at
http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/.
Note 2. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Biomass Energy Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce
energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions
reported in MER Tables 12.112.6, but appear in Table
12.7. According to current international convention (see the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories),
carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded
from reported energy-related emissions. The release of
carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced
by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting
in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not to
say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are
required in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock
and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of
biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon
stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than
the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported
energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of
forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release of
carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the
land for agriculture.
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international
convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report
biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry, and

other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in
carbon stocks over time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can
potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and nonenergy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of
CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other
energy-related CO2 emissions offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy
sources as necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total
of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy-related
CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon
emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such
sequestration.
Section 12 Methodology and Sources

To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 12.112.7,
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses the
following methodology and sources:
Step 1. Determine Fuel Consumption
CoalCoal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants,
other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption
data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2. Coal
sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table
A5.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCoal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data
in MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from
MER Tables 2.22.6.
PetroleumTotal and sectoral consumption (product
supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and
road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), lubricants, motor
gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from
MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a3.7c. For the component products of LPG (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) and other
petroleum (aviation gasoline blending components, crude
oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand
barrels per day are from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier
167
publications (see sources for MER Table 3.5). Petroleum

consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the petroleum heat content factors in MER
Table A1 (Table A3 for motor gasoline).
BiomassSectoral consumption data in trillion Btu for
wood, biomass waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and
biodiesel are from MER Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum
Distillate Fuel OilBeginning in 2009, the distillate fuel
oil data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1
include biodiesel, a non-fossil renewable fuel. To remove
the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data in thousand barrels per day for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel (from the PSA/PSM) are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content
factor in MER Table A3, and then subtracted from the
distillate fuel oil consumption values.
Motor GasolineBeginning in 1993, the motor gasoline
data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and
transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a nonfossil renewable fuel. To remove the fuel ethanol portion
from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol
consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3)
are subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption
values. (Note that about 2 percent of fuel ethanol is fossilbased petroleum denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol
undrinkable. For 19932008, petroleum denaturant is
double counted in the PSA product supplied statistics, in
both the original product categorye.g., pentanes
plusand also in the finished motor gasoline category; for
this time period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant
is removed along with the fuel ethanol from motor gasoline, but left in the original product. Beginning in 2009,
petroleum denaturant is counted only in the PSA/PSM
product supplied statistics for motor gasoline; for this time
period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant is left in
motor gasoline.)
Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use
The following fuels have industrial nonfuel uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, asphalt
and road oil, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene), lubricants (which have
industrial and transportation nonfuel uses), naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, petroleum coke, residual fuel
oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products. In the nonfuel use of these fuels, some
of the carbon is sequestered, and is thus subtracted from the
fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.
Estimates of annual nonfuel use and associated carbon
sequestration are developed by EIA using the methodology
168
detailed in Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse

Gases
in
the
United
States
2008
at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2008).pdf.
To obtain monthly estimates of nonfuel use and associated

carbon sequestration, monthly patterns for industrial
consumption and product supplied data series are used. For
coal nonfuel use, the monthly pattern for coke plants coal
consumption from MER Table 6.2 is used. For natural gas,
the monthly pattern for other industrial non-CHP natural gas
consumption from MER Table 4.3 is used. For distillate
fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil, the monthly
patterns for industrial consumption from MER Table 3.7b
are used. For the other petroleum products, the monthly
patterns for product supplied from the PSA and PSM are
used.
Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Energy Consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions data in million metric tons
are calculated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon sequestered in
nonfuel use in Step 3) by the CO2 emissions factors at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/CO2_coeffs_09_v2.xls.
Beginning in 2010, the 2009 factors are used.
CoalCO2 emissions for coal are calculated for each sector
(residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power). Total coal emissions are the sum
of the sectoral coal emissions.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCO2 emissions for coal coke net
imports are calculated.
Natural GasCO2 emissions for natural gas are calculated
for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power). Total natural gas emissions are the
sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions.
PetroleumCO2 emissions are calculated for each petroleum
product. Total petroleum emissions are the sum of the product
emissions. Total LPG emissions are the sum of the emissions
for the component products (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene); residential, commercial, and transportation sector LPG emissions
are estimated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c by the propane emissions factor; industrial sector LPG emissions are estimated as
total LPG emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.
Geothermal and Non-Biomass WasteAnnual CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non-biomass waste are EIA
estimates based on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor forms). Monthly estimates
are created by dividing the annual data by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of
days in the month. (Annual estimates for the current year
are set equal to those of the previous year.)
BiomassCO2 emissions for wood, biomass waste, fuel

ethanol (minus denaturant), and biodiesel are calculated for
each sector. Total emissions for each biomass fuel are the
sum of the sectoral emissions. The following factors, in
million metric tons CO2 per quadrillion Btu, are used: wood
93.80; biomass waste90.70; fuel ethanol68.44; and
biodiesel73.84. For 19731988, the biomass portion
of waste in MER Tables 10.2a10.2c is estimated as 67

percent; for 19892000, the biomass portion of waste is estimated as 67 percent in 1989 to 58 percent in 2000, based on
the biogenic shares of total municipal solid waste shown in
EIAs Methodolology for Allocating Municipal Solid
Waste to Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Energy, Table 1 at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/msw.pdf.
169
Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following
tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British
thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured
in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For
example, 10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of
approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million
Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors)
provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or
upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates
are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy
Review and are commonly used in energy calculations in
the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are
typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is
consumed to vaporize water that is created during the
combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from
2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and
its hydrogen content. Some fuels, such as unseasoned
wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross
and net heat content rates.

See Heat Content and
British Thermal Unit (Btu) in the Glossary for more
information.
Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table
A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors
for each hydrocarbon included in the mix. For example, in
calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is
weighted 1.5 times the thermal conversion factor for
propane.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented
in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual
data or from the best available data and labeled preliminary. Often, the previous years factor is used as a
preliminary value until data become available to calculate
the factor appropriate to the year. The source of each factor
is described in the section entitled Thermal Conversion
Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6 in
this appendix.
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Petroleum Product
Asphalt
Aviation Gasoline
Butane
Butane-Propane Mixturea
Ethane
Ethane-Propane Mixturec
Isobutane
Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type
Kerosene
Lubricants
Motor Gasolined
Conventional
Reformulated
Oxygenated
Natural Gasoline and Isopentane
Heat Content
6.636
5.048
4.326
4.130
5.825
3.082
3.308
3.974
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
5.253
5.150
5.150
4.620
Petroleum Product
Pentanes Plus
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naptha Less Than 401F
Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401F
Still Gas
Petroleum Coke
Plant Condensate
Propane
Residual Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Special Naphthas
Still Gas
Unfinished Oils
Unfractionated Stream
Waxes
Miscellaneous
Heat Content
4.620
5.248
5.825
6.000
6.024
5.418
3.836
6.287
6.636
5.248
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796
60 percent butane and 40 percent propane.

Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.
c
70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane.
d
See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heat contents.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
a
b
171
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports
Production
1950 ................................
1955 ................................
1960 ................................
1965 ................................
1970 ................................
1975 ................................
1980 ................................
1981 ................................
1982 ................................
1983 ................................
1984 ................................
1985 ................................
1986 ................................
1987 ................................
1988 ................................
1989 ................................
1990 ................................
1991 ................................
1992 ................................
1993 ................................
1994 ................................
1995 ................................
1996 ................................
1997 ................................
1998 ................................
1999 ................................
2000 ................................
2001 ................................
2002 ................................
2003 ................................
2004 ................................
2005 ................................
2006 ................................
2007 ................................
2008 ................................
2009 ................................
2010 ................................
2011 ................................
2012 ................................
2013P .............................
2014E .............................
Imports
Exports
Crude
Oila
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Products
Total
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Products
Total
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
4.522
4.406
4.295
4.264
4.146
3.984
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
3.706
3.692
3.674
3.672
3.683
3.714
3.714
5.943
5.924
5.911
5.872
5.822
5.821
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
5.988
5.989
6.008
6.165
6.043
6.043
6.263
6.234
6.161
6.123
6.088
5.935
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.620
5.534
5.483
5.468
5.469
5.462
5.421
5.432
5.443
5.451
5.438
5.475
5.474
5.454
5.503
5.479
5.525
5.557
5.507
5.514
5.490
5.490
6.080
6.040
6.021
5.997
5.985
5.858
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.883
5.861
5.855
5.847
5.862
5.861
5.840
5.849
5.862
5.863
5.857
5.863
5.845
5.842
5.862
5.866
5.882
5.894
5.896
6.038
5.926
5.926
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.751
5.765
5.835
5.742
5.811
5.747
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.777
5.777
5.740
5.728
5.726
5.710
5.684
5.651
5.751
5.687
5.739
5.753
5.741
5.723
5.749
5.762
5.737
5.670
5.596
5.583
5.507
5.507
5.766
5.768
5.834
5.743
5.810
5.748
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.779
5.779
5.746
5.736
5.734
5.720
5.699
5.658
5.752
5.688
5.740
5.754
5.743
5.724
5.750
5.762
5.738
5.672
5.599
5.587
5.517
5.517

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
172
Table A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production

Total Petroleuma Consumption by Sector
Residential
1950 ....................
1955 ....................
1960 ....................
1965 ....................
1970 ....................
1975 ....................
1980 ....................
1981 ....................
1982 ....................
1983 ....................
1984 ....................
1985 ....................
1986 ....................
1987 ....................
1988 ....................
1989 ....................
1990 ....................
1991 ....................
1992 ....................
1993 ....................
1994 ....................
1995 ....................
1996 ....................
1997 ....................
1998 ....................
1999 ....................
2000 ....................
2001 ....................
2002 ....................
2003 ....................
2004 ....................
2005 ....................
2006 ....................
2007 ....................
2008 ....................
2009 ....................
2010 ....................
2011 ....................
2012 ....................
2013 ....................
2014 ....................
5.473
5.469
5.417
5.364
5.260
5.253
5.321
5.283
5.266
5.140
5.307
5.263
5.268
5.239
5.257
5.194
5.145
5.094
5.124
5.102
5.098
5.063
4.998
4.989
4.975
4.902
4.908
4.937
4.886
4.921
4.953
4.916
4.894
4.850
4.790
4.679
4.679
4.660
4.726
E 4.539
E 4.539
Commercialb
5.817
5.781
5.781
5.760
5.708
5.649
5.751
5.693
5.698
5.591
5.657
5.598
5.632
5.594
5.597
5.549
5.553
5.528
5.513
b 5.505
5.515
5.478
5.433
5.391
5.365
5.291
5.316
5.325
5.293
5.316
5.328
5.364
5.310
5.298
5.186
5.249
5.230
5.200
5.157
E 4.983
E 4.983
Industrialb
5.953
5.881
5.818
5.748
5.595
5.513
5.366
5.299
5.247
5.254
5.207
5.199
5.269
5.233
5.228
5.219
5.253
5.167
5.168
b 5.178
5.150
5.121
5.114
5.120
5.137
5.092
5.057
5.142
5.093
5.144
5.144
5.178
5.160
5.127
5.154
5.019
4.985
4.964
4.913
E 4.918
E 4.918
TransElectric
portationb,c Powerd,e
5.461
5.407
5.387
5.386
5.393
5.392
5.441
5.433
5.423
5.416
5.418
5.423
5.426
5.429
5.433
5.438
5.442
5.441
5.443
b 5.436
5.424
5.417
5.420
5.416
5.413
5.413
5.422
5.412
5.411
5.407
5.421
5.427
5.431
5.434
5.424
c 5.414
5.423
5.425
5.418
E 5.417
E 5.417
6.254
6.254
6.267
6.267
6.252
6.250
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
d 6.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.188
6.195
6.199
6.210
6.205
6.189
6.199
6.173
6.182
6.192
6.188
6.143
6.151
6.123
6.105
6.084
6.058
6.063
P 6.058
E 6.058
Totalb,c
5.649
5.591
5.555
5.532
5.503
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
b 5.379
5.361
5.341
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.345
5.324
5.340
5.350
5.365
5.353
5.346
5.339
c 5.301
5.297
5.286
5.274
P 5.265
E 5.265
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumptionf
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
f 3.779
3.715
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
3.600
3.558
3.557
3.541
3.534
P 3.555
E 3.555
Motor
Gasoline
Consumptiong
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
g 5.230
5.215
5.216
5.213
5.212
5.211
5.210
5.210
5.208
5.207
5.215
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.218
5.218
5.218
5.218
5.219
P 5.219
E 5.219
Fuel
Ethanolh
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.561
3.560
3.560
P 3.559
E 3.559
Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factori
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Feedstock
Factorj
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
6.116
6.089
6.063
6.036
6.009
5.983
5.957
5.931
5.905
5.880
5.880
5.880
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in
each category are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted
factorquantity-weighted averages of the major components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted
factorquantity-weighted averages of the major components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
h Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539
million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as
denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 19802008.
i Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the
production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in
2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross
heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel.
j Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of
biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to produce one
barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat
content of 17,253 Btu per pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
173
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumptiona
Production
Marketed
1950 ............................
1955 ............................
1960 ............................
1965 ............................
1970 ............................
1975 ............................
1980 ............................
1981 ............................
1982 ............................
1983 ............................
1984 ............................
1985 ............................
1986 ............................
1987 ............................
1988 ............................
1989 ............................
1990 ............................
1991 ............................
1992 ............................
1993 ............................
1994 ............................
1995 ............................
1996 ............................
1997 ............................
1998 ............................
1999 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
2013 ............................
2014 ............................
1,119
1,120
1,107
1,101
1,102
1,095
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,103
1,103
1,104
1,104
1,103
1,102
1,100
1,101
1,098
1,142
1,065
E 1,065
E 1,065
Dry
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
E 1,025
E 1,025
End-Use
Sectorsb
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,020
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,025
1,029
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,025
E 1,025
E 1,025
Electric Power
Sectorc
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
c 1,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,022
1,021
1,022
P 1,025
E 1,025
Total
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
E 1,025
E 1,025
Imports
Exports
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E 1,025
E 1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,014
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E 1,009
E 1,009
a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. =Not applicable.
174
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal
Coal Coke
Consumption
Productiona
1950 ........................
1955 ........................
1960 ........................
1965 ........................
1970 ........................
1975 ........................
1980 ........................
1981 ........................
1982 ........................
1983 ........................
1984 ........................
1985 ........................
1986 ........................
1987 ........................
1988 ........................
1989 ........................
1990 ........................
1991 ........................
1992 ........................
1993 ........................
1994 ........................
1995 ........................
1996 ........................
1997 ........................
1998 ........................
1999 ........................
2000 ........................
2001 ........................
2002 ........................
2003 ........................
2004 ........................
2005 ........................
2006 ........................
2007 ........................
2008 ........................
2009 ........................
2010 ........................
2011 ........................
2012 ........................
2013 ........................
2014 ........................
25.090
25.201
24.906
24.775
23.842
22.897
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
a 20.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
20.208
19.963
20.173
20.142
20.215
P 20.187
E 20.187
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
b 10.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
12.121
12.076
11.960
11.604
11.539
P 12.428
E 12.428
Residential
and
Commercial
Sectorsc
24.461
24.373
24.226
24.028
23.203
22.261
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
c 23.035
22.852
22.611
22.099
21.300
P 21.233
E 21.233
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
26.798
26.794
26.791
26.787
26.784
26.782
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
26.295
26.299
26.302
P 28.705
E 28.705
Otherd
24.820
24.821
24.609
24.385
22.983
22.436
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.304
21.823
21.846
21.568
21.449
P 21.623
E 21.623
Electric
Power
Sectore,f
23.937
24.056
23.927
23.780
22.573
21.642
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
e 20.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
19.713
19.521
19.623
19.341
19.211
P 19.210
E 19.210
Total
24.989
24.982
24.713
24.537
23.440
22.506
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
19.979
19.741
19.870
19.600
19.489
P 19.548
E 19.548
Imports
25.020
25.000
25.003
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
23.128
P 23.367
E 23.367
Exports
26.788
26.907
26.939
26.973
26.982
26.562
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
25.713
25.645
24.551
P 24.604
E 24.604
Imports
and
Exports
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
P 24.800
E 24.800
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible
materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and
industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."
c Through 2007, used as the thermal conversion factor for coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning in 2008, used as the thermal
conversion factor for coal consumption by the commercial sector only.
d Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
e Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
f Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
175
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation
Fossil Fuelsb
Coalc
1950 ..............................
1955 ..............................
1960 ..............................
1965 ..............................
1970 ..............................
1975 ..............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ..............................
1985 ..............................
1986 ..............................
1987 ..............................
1988 ..............................
1989 ..............................
1990 ..............................
1991 ..............................
1992 ..............................
1993 ..............................
1994 ..............................
1995 ..............................
1996 ..............................
1997 ..............................
1998 ..............................
1999 ..............................
2000 ..............................
2001 ..............................
2002 ..............................
2003 ..............................
2004 ..............................
2005 ..............................
2006 ..............................
2007 ..............................
2008 ..............................
2009 ..............................
2010 ..............................
2011 ..............................
2012 ..............................
2013 ..............................
2014 ..............................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,378
10,314
10,297
10,331
10,373
10,351
10,375
10,378
10,414
10,415
10,444
10,498
E 10,498
E 10,498
Petroleumd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,742
10,641
10,610
10,571
10,631
10,809
10,794
11,015
10,923
10,984
10,829
10,991
E 10,991
E 10,991
Natural
Gase
Total
Fossil Fuelsf,g
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,051
9,533
9,207
8,647
8,551
8,471
8,403
8,305
8,159
8,185
8,152
8,039
E 8,039
E 8,039
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
b 10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
E 9,516
E 9,516
Nuclearh
11,629
11,804
10,977
11,013
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
10,443
10,442
10,422
10,428
10,436
10,435
10,489
10,452
10,459
10,452
10,464
10,479
E 10,479
E 10,479
Noncombustible
Renewable
Energyg,i
Heat Contentj of
Electricityk
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
E 9,516
E 9,516
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
a The values in columns 16 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
b Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers.

c Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
d Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.
e Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels).
g The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood
and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
h Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
i Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calculations in this report. For technology-based geothermal heat rates for 19602010, see the
Annual Energy Review 2010, Table A6.
j See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
k The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
176
Thermal Conversion Factor

Source Documentation
Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308

million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 70
percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane and
Propane.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 3.974 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted by the
Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission
Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines calculation of 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on
an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40 percent
propane. See Butane and Propane.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
crude oil produced in the United States. See Crude Oil
Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of
crude oil imported weighted by the quantities imported.
Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated
on a foreign country basis, by determining the average
American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil
imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in
1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu
content by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.825 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. 19491966:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Surveys, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products, 1956, Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011
million Btu per barrel. 1967 forward: Calculated annually
by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for
all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component
products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including
ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal butane
(including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethanepropane mixtures, and isobutane. For 19671980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, Table 1. For 1981 forward,
quantities consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply
Annual, Table 2.
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by
the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Consumption. 19491993: EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as
published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation
in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American
Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical
and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated
177
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion

factors for conventional, reformulated, and oxygenated
motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for conventional
motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for
previous years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150 million Btu per barrel,
are based on data published in Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and
Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003,
Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated
Gasoline. See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted
by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor
to be 4.620 million Btu or equal to that for natural gasoline.
See Natural Gasoline.
documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
electric power sector weighted by the quantities consumed
by the electric power sector. Data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the residential sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F.

Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million Btu per barrel or equal
to the thermal conversion factor for special naphthas. See
Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or
greater than 401 F. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to
be 6.000 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as reported in Btu per
short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950. The Bureau of
Mines calculated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btu
per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines
internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in
the Bureau of Mines Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA
forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the commercial sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
178
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by

EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities
consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities
exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities
imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per
barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum

Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which
was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see Asphalt)
and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,
which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline
(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated
thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,
first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil
and each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type
of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by
the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion
factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for
distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to
that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau
of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for
biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu
per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the
production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to
the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds
of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to
produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured).
EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel
published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a
paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on Reformulated
Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,
D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the
2009 factor. 2009 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu
per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620
million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of
ethanol consumed is from EIAs Petroleum Supply
Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net
production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus
used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for
renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
pentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data
for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components, multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the
production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per
barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to
estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department of Agriculture observed
ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of
corn) were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and
2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other
years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat
content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel.
179
Approximate Heat Content of Natural

Gas
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and

Coal Coke
Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.

Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau

of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas
consumed by the end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural
and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19491962: EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per
cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first
published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
19631979: EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor
calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA)
and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication.
1980 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
total heat content of natural gas consumed by the total
quantity consumed.
Natural Gas Exports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to
be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total). 1973
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of natural gas exported by the quantity exported.
For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14, Annual
Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Imports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to
be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural
gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total).
1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing
the heat content of natural gas imported by the quantity
imported. For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14,
Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural
Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and
Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be
equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas
produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural
gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production) by the total quantity of marketed
natural gas produced.
180
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal
consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.
19492012: Calculated annually by EIA based on the
reported volatility (low, medium, or high) of coal received
by coke plants. (For 2012, EIA used the following volatility
factors, in million Btu per short ton: low volatile 26.680;
medium volatile27.506; and high volatile25.652.)
Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and Quality ReportCoke Plants, and predecessor forms.
2013 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing
the heat content of coal received by coke plants by the
quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly
Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other.
19492007: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of coal received by manufacturing plants by
the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report
Manufacturing Plants, and predecessor forms. 2008
content of coal received by manufacturing, gasification, and
liquefaction plants by the quantity received. Data are from
Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial
Sectors. 19491999: Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of coal received by the residential
and commercial sectors by the quantity received. Data are
from Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, and predecessor forms. 20002007: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. 2008
content of coal received by commercial and institutional
users by the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.
Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all
sectors by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Exports. 19492011: Calculated annually by EIA

by dividing the heat content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Monthly Report EM 545, and predecessor forms. 2012
content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by
the quantity exported. The average heat content of steam
coal is derived from receipts data from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users, and
Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report. The
average heat content of metallurgical coal is derived from
receipts data from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants. Data for export
quantities are from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census, Monthly Report EM 545.
Coal Imports. 19491963: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal imported by the
quantity imported. Data are from U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report IM
145, and predecessor forms. 19642011: Assumed by
EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton. 2012
content of coal imported (received) by the quantity
imported (received).
Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users; Form
EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report
Coke Plants; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Coal Production. 19492011: Calculated annually by
EIA by dividing the heat content of domestic coal (excluding waste coal) received by the quantity received. Data are
from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/
Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional
Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report; and predecessor forms.
2012
content of domestic coal (excluding waste coal) received
and exported by the quantity received and exported. Data
are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial
and Institutional Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report
EM 545; and predecessor forms.
Waste Coal Supplied. 19892000: Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal consumed
by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-860B,
Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility, and
predecessor form. 2001 forward: Calculated by EIA by

dividing the heat content of waste coal received (or
consumed) by the quantity received (or consumed). Receipts
data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Institutional Users, and predecessor form. Consumption
data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and predecessor forms.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Coal. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricityonly independent power producers using anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning in
2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas.
2001
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel
consumption and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric
utilities and electricity-only independent power producers
using natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable
Energy. There is no generally accepted practice for
measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants
that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. Therefore,
EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual
average heat rate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the
United States (see Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil
Fuels). By using that factor it is possible to evaluate fossil
fuel requirements for replacing those sources during
periods of interruption, such as droughts.
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. 19571984:
Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content
consumed in nuclear generating units by the total (net)
electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat
content and electricity generation were reported on Form
FERC-1, Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of Public
Electric Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the
factors were published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and
Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants
1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were
published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production
Expenses 1991, Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by using the heat rate data reported on
Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report, and
predecessor forms.
181
Electricity Net Generation, Petroleum. 2001 forward:

Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and
net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The
computation includes data for all electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers using distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum
coke, and waste oil.
Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels.
19491955: The weighted annual average heat rate for
fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United States,
as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses1981 and
Steam-Electric Plant Construction Cost and Annual
Production Expenses1978. 19561988: The weighted
annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric
182
power plants in the United States, as published in EIA,

Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
1991, Table 9. 19892000: Calculated annually by
EIA by using heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, and predecessor
forms; and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report. The computation includes data for all electric utility steam-electric
plants using fossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricityonly independent power producers using coal, petroleum,
natural gas, and other gases (blast furnace gas, propane
gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived
from fossil fuels).
Appendix B
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical
Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other
U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are
expressed predominately in units that historically have been used
in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubic
feet, and short tons. The metric conversion factors presented in
Table B1 can be used to calculate the metric-unit equivalents of
values expressed in U.S. Customary units. For example, 500
short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons
x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names
of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived
by combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as

deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100,
1,000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively,
one-tenth, one-hundredth, and one-thousandth. Common
metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to
calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly
used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels are the
equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42
gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).
183
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit
U.S. Unit
Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass
1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)
=
=
=
=
=
0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52
metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)
Volume
1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06
cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)
Length
1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)
=
=
=
=
1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a
kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)
Area
1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)
=
=
=
=
=
0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a
hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)
Energy
1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)
=
=
=
1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a
Temperatured
32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)
=
=
0a
100a
joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)
Exact conversion.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
a
b
184
Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple
Prefix
Symbol
10
deka
da
10
102
hecto
10-2
10
kilo
10
Unit Subdivision
-1
-3
Prefix
Symbol
deci
centi
milli
micro
n
p
106
mega
10-6
109
giga
tera
G
T
10-9
10
nano
pico
1015
peta
10-15
femto
10
exa
10
atto
1021
zetta
10-21
zepto
10
yotta
10
yocto
10
12
18
24
-12
-18
-24
Web Page: http ://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source
Original Unit
Equiv alent in Final Units
Petroleum
1 barrel (bbl)
42a
Coal
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)
=
=
=
2,000a
2,240a
1,000a
pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)
Wood
1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)
=
=
1.25b
128a
shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)
U.S. gallons (gal)
Exact conversion.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17
a
b
and C-21.
185
Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical
compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group;
CH(3)-(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary
butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation
applications, include the following: methanol; denatured
ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85
percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol,
and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels;
natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol)
derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy
diesel fuel); electricity (including electricity from solar
energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines,
by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield
substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not
include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily
petroleum-based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders,
i.e., MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-percent ethanol
portion of gasohol.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to
operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural
gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be
either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively
on alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to
operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for
residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of
fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.
The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the
United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite
refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electric
power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of
15 million Btu per ton or less.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused
by human activity. The term is used in the context of global
climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the
result of human activities, as well as other potentially
climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.
Asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material

containing bitumens as the predominant constituents
obtained by petroleum processing. The definition includes
crude asphalt as well as the following finished products:
cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with
asphalt to make cutback asphalts.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that
will be used for blending or compounding into finished
aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate,
reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes
oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in
aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are
provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military
Specification MIL-G-5572.
Note: Data on blending
components are not counted in data on finished aviation
gasoline.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S.
Gallons.
Base Gas: The quantity of natural gas needed to maintain
adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. Base gas usually is not withdrawn and remains in the reservoir. All natural gas native to
a depleted reservoir is included in the base gas volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or
other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It
can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel
or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl
esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or
animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of
ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced
from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the term biogenic to refer only to
organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
Biomass: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin
constituting a renewable energy source. See Biodiesel,
187
Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood and

Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.
Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural
crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids,
and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels
(including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel,
and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also
include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of
bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also
used for heat and power applications in manufacturing
and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant
coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content
usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short
ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat
content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States
averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter).
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of
energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After
evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel
in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain
basic chemicals.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid
water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees
Fahrenheit). See Heat Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy
data between one unit of measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally
used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) into the
energy-equivalent
measure
of
Btu.
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branchedchain hydrocarbon (C4H10). It is extracted from natural
gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane and
normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification
D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for
commercial butane.
188
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams.
Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery
gas streams.
Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from
refinery processes.
Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical energy
produced by a generating unit for a given period of time
to the electrical energy that could have been produced at
continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as
well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas
as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into
the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential
for global warming. The global warming potential
(GWP) of other greenhouse gases is measured in relation
to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific
convention is assigned a value of one (1).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices.
Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year.
Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant
dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chaineddollar measure. The new measure is based on the average
weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years.
It is chained because the second year in each pair, with
its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair. The
advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is
more closely related to any given period and is therefore
subject to less distortion over time.
CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.
Citygate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline
company or transmission system.
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of
climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change
from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In
some cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with the term "global warming"; scientists,
however, tend to use the term in a wider sense inclusive of
natural changes in climate, including climatic cooling.
Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock

whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists
of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70
percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed
from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened,
chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Anthracite, Bituminous
Coal, Lignite, Subbituminous Coal, Waste Coal, and
Coal Synfuel.
Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for
future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected
for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal
stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal-based fuels such as
briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from
fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel.
Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from
low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at
temperatures as high as 2,000 F so that the fixed carbon
and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel
and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast
furnace. Coke (coal) has a heating value of 24.8 million
Btu per ton.
Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and
low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The
conversion is 5 barrels (42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.
Coke (petroleum) has a heating value of 6.024 million Btu
per barrel.
Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.
See Coke, Coal.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant
designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single
heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the
term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past. CHP
better describes the facilities because some of the plants
included do not produce heat and power in a sequential
fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of
cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory
Policies Act (PURPA).
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of:
businesses; federal, state, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious,
social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes

institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with
this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide
variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes
generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the abovementioned commercial establishments.
Various EIA
programs differ in sectoral coverage-for more information
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm.
see
See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion: The installation of permanent equipment for
the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to
produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the
definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well)
and the definition of a completion are identical. However,
if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately
from more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous
with a completion.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric power
generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
Conventional Motor Gasoline:
Conventional.
See Motor Gasoline
Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data

between one unit of measurement and another (such as
between short tons and British thermal units, or
between
barrels
and
gallons).
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on conversion factors.) See
Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A sales transaction in
which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of
the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in
liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and
remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing
through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the
characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include: 1)
small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous
phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at
atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well
(casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequently
commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a liquid
from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included;
2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the
oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases,
and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil
sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
189
Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are

excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of
petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline,
diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane,
and butane; and many other products used for their energy
or chemical content.
Crude Oil F.O.B. Price: The crude oil price actually
charged at the oil-producing countrys port of loading.
Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price
paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate): A mixture of
hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure
after passing through surface separating facilities.
Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons
produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip
gases are also included, but topped crude oil (residual
oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded. Where identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing plants
and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port
of discharge, including charges associated with the
purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the
purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not
include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import
tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into
processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals,
and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by
crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of
crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs. Wells
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as
oil wells.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas): A unit of volume equal to 1
cubic foot at a pressure base of 14.73 pounds standard per
square inch absolute and a temperature base of 60 F.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of
monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time
(usually the 30-year period 1961-1990). The averages
may be simple degree-day normals or populationweighted degree-day normals.
Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm
a location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
190
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by

subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the
average of the days high and low temperatures, with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling
degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Cooling
degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of
air conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a
location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the average of the days high and low
temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating
degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Heating degreedays are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space
heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling
degree-days weighted by the population of the area in
which the degree-days are recorded. To compute state
population-weighted degree-days, each state is divided
into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions,
which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the
population of the division to the total population of the
state. Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each
division and those products are then summed to arrive at
the state population-weighted degree-day figure. To
compute national population-weighted degree-days, the
nation is divided into nine Census regions, each
comprising from three to eight states, which are assigned
weights based on the ratio of the population of the
region to the total population of the nation. Degree-day
readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those
products are then summed to arrive at the national
population-weighted degree-day figure.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or
conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to
make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production
facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant. See
Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Design Electrical Rating, Net: The nominal net electrical
output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility
for the purpose of plant design.
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area
of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic
horizon known to be productive.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils
obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such
distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for
diesel fuels than for gasoline.
Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy

lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.
Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is

produced by either the same entity that consumes the power
or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of a service or
industrial process located within the same facility or group
of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use
is exclusive of station use.
Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence

and motion of elementary charged particles generated by
friction, induction, or chemical change.
Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the

petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in
on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and
automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those
in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used
primarily for space heating and electricity generation.
Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be
incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry)
Production.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent motor gasoline.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers,
electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity,
or electricity and heat, to the public-i.e., North American
Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant, ElectricityOnly Plant, Electric Utility, and Independent Power
Producer.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or
distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and operations,
either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by
a separate regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service
Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the
consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts,
public utility districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and state and federal agencies. Electric utilities
may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval
for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs
covering either cost-of-service and/or market-based rates
under the authority of the Federal Power Act. See Electric
Power Sector.
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric

energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (Mwh).
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric
energy produced by generating units and measured at the
generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy
consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or
auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for
station service and is deducted from gross generation.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP)
Plant.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold to
customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not
for resale.
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial,
and transportation sectors of the economy.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the
capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion
of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has
several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be
changed to another form useful for work. Most of the
worlds convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that
are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer
medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in
British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of
heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides
service to a retail or end-use customer.
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming
components of U.S. society developed to measure and
analyze energy use. The sectors most commonly referred to
in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.
191
Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon

(C2H6). It is a colorless, paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -127.48 F. It is extracted from natural gas
and refinery gas streams.
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.
Ethanol is typically produced biologically from biomass
feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues
from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be
produced chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel
Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1)
the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells
drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed
footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and
(3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells
does not include footage in the common bore, which is
reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that
which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.
Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C2H4) recovered

from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or

gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, to
find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously
found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust

from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal,
and natural gas.
Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 states

and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor
of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The
Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity
sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,
natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline
certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency
within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity

generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine
rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat
from burning fossil fuels.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol
in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1
percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for
human consumption), usually prior to transport from the
ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume
percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally
for blending in low concentrations with motor gasoline
as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially
designed for its use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle,
Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The
Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of
Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10,
1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on
September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy
was created. Its functions were divided between the U.S.
Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity

of anhydrous, biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for
fuel use. The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.
Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable
energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable
fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.
First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first
time it is removed from the lease boundary.
Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating

unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the

base site or at gas processing plants.
Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing

alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by
volume. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
F.O.B. (Free on Board): A sales transaction in which the

seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified
port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for
the subsequent transportation and insurance.
192
Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural

gas from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as oil
wells.)
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from
geothermal reservoirs in the earths crust and used for
geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity
generation.
Global Warming:
An increase in the near-surface
temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in
the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the
term is today most often used to refer to the warming some
scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See Climate
Change.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to
compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases
without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric
concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one
kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time,
such as 100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing
long-wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.
The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a
tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods
and services produced by labor and property located in the
United States. As long as the labor and property are
located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.
GT/IC: Gas turbine and internal combustion plants.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be
released by the transformation or use of a specified physical
unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil,
a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas,
or a pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is
commonly expressed in British thermal units (Btu).
Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be
expressed in terms of either gross heat content (higher or
upper heating value) or net heat content (lower heating
value), depending upon whether or not the available heat
energy includes or excludes the energy used to vaporize
water (contained in the original energy form or created
during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content
values.
Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour. Note:
Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates,
depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The
molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from
the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural
gas) to the very heavy and very complex.
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from
the kinetic energy of falling water.
Hydroelectric Power Plant: A plant in which the turbine
generators are driven by falling water.
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectricity that is
generated during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during
off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is
available to do so. When additional generating capacity
is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir
through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power
plant at a lower level.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs
chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists in
acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the
District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or
from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person,
agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that
owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for
use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment used for
producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity:
manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry,
fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil
and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction
(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely
for process heat and cooling and powering machinery,
with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw
material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or
useful thermal output primarily to support the abovementioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs
differ in sectoral coverage-for more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.
193
Injections (Natural Gas): Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon.
It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams. See Butane.
Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from
refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon
obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet
aircraft engines. It includes kerosene-type jet fuel and
naphtha-type jet fuel.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product
with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 F at the
10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling
point of 572 F. Fuel specifications are provided in
ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications
MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and
JP-8). It isused primarily for commercial turbojet and
turboprop aircraft engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha
boiling range, with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees
API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290 to
470 F and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L
(Grade JP-4). It is used by the military for turbojet and
turboprop engines.
Kerosene: A petroleum distillate having a maximum
distillation temperature of 401 F at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 F, and a minimum
flash point of 100 F. Included are the two grades designated
in ASTM D3699 (No. 1-K and No. 2-K) and all grades of
kerosene called range or stove oil. Kerosene is used in space
heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters; it is suitable for use
as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as
a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000
watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kilowatthour is
equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Landed Costs: The dollar-per-barrel price of crude oil at
the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated
with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from
the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not included are
charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or
fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges).
194
Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and
lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations,
heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as
fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Lease Condensate: Light liquid hydrocarbons recovered
from lease separators or field facilities at associated and
non-associated natural gas wells. Mostly pentanes and
heavier hydrocarbons. Normally enters the crude oil stream
after production.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as
brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a
high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45
percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United
States averages 13 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter).
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily
methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 F at atmospheric pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and
isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas
processing. These gases may be marketed individually or
mixed. They can be liquefied through pressurization
(without requiring cryogenic refrigeration) for convenience of transportation or storage. Excludes ethane and
olefins. Note: In some EIA publications, LPG includes
ethane and marketed refinery olefin streams, in accordance
with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear
generating units initial fuel loading date and the issuance
of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of
operation during that period is 5 percent of the units
design thermal rating.
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between
bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the
manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or
improve certain required properties. Excluded are byproducts
of lubricating oil refining, such as aromatic extracts derived
from solvent extraction or tars derived from deasphalting.
Included are all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to
cylinder oil and those used in greases. Lubricant categories
are paraffinic and naphthenic.
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas
Marketed Production.
Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless, hydrocarbon

gas (CH4) that is the principal constituent of natural gas. It
is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial
processes.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE):
An ether,
(CH3)3COCH3, intended for motor gasoline blending. See
Oxygenates.
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for
motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere-for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and
tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels,
synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor
gasoline blending components and oxygenates as
required, to produce finished motor gasoline. Finished
motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor
gasoline blending components or oxygenates, resulting in
increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or
changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g.,
conventional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce
oxygenated motor gasoline).
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphtha (e.g.,
straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene,
xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished
motor gasoline. These components include reformulated
gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: oxygenates
are reported as individual components and are included in
the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline
not included in the oxygenated or reformulated motor
gasoline categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as
well as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can
be leaded or unleaded; regular, midgrade, or premium. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively
volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of
additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in sparkignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification
D-4814 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122F to 158F at the
10-percent recovery point to 365F to 374F at the
90-percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes
conventional gasoline, all types of oxygenated gasoline
including gasohol, and reformulated gasoline, but excludes
aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on blending
components, as well as oxygenates, are not counted in data
on finished motor gasoline until the blending components
are blended into the gasoline.
Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by

octane ratings. Each type of gasoline (conventional,
oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three
grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note: Gasoline
sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane
requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in
some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be
2 or more octane points lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e.,
octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or
equal to 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by
altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline,
other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen
content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be
sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO)
nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes
oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG)
and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent
oxygen, by weight, and is intended for sale inside CO
nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated
gasoline. Other data on gasohol are included in data on
conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline
formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and
properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the
Clean Air Act. Note: This category includes oxygenated
fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes
reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending
(RBOB).
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in
conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price
Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas
selected to represent all urban consumers-about 80 percent
of the total U.S. population. The service stations are
selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way
that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those
195
providing all types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and selfservice.

Motor Gasoline (Total): For stock level data, a sum
including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of
motor gasoline blending components but excluding stocks
of oxygenates.
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
NAICS (North American Industry Classification
System): A coding system developed jointly by the
United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses
and industries according to the type of economic activity
in which they are engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. For additional
information on NAICS, go to
http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction
with an approximate boiling range between 122 and 400 F.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons

in natural gas that are separated as liquids at natural
gas processing, fractionating, and cycling plants. Products obtained include ethane, liquefied petroleum
gases (propane, normal butane, and isobutane), and
natural gasoline. Component products may be fractionated or mixed. Lease condensate and plant condensate
are excluded. Note: Some EIA publications categorize
NGPL production as field production, in accordance
with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: The wellhead price of
natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported
value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as
reported by the appropriate agencies of individual
producing states and the U.S. Minerals Management
Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment
from the lease, including gathering and compression
costs, in addition to state production, severance, and
similar charges.
Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon

compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as
raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.
Natural gasoline: A commodity product commonly traded

in natural gas liquids (NGL) markets that comprises
liquid hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and hexanes) and
generally remains liquid at ambient temperatures and
atmospheric pressure. Natural gasoline is equivalent to
pentanes plus.
Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1)

the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed
from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or plant
separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases
have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity
to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is
also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters
for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit
and 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute.
Net Summer Capacity:

The maximum output,
commonly expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts
(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system
load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of
summer peak demand (period of June 1 through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to
electricity use for station service or auxiliaries.
Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing

consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas withdrawn from
reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production
(lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the
production site include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs
in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation
operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural
gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases
(e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen
sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2)
gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and
natural gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn
from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part of
production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas
marketed production less natural gas plant liquids
production.
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Gross withdrawals of
natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for
reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed
in treating and processing operations; and quantities of
vented natural gas and flared natural gas.
196
Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally

between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992
agreement. The Neutral Zone contains an estimated 5
billion barrels of oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Nominal Dollars:
price.
A measure used to express nominal
Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service

at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those
that have not been adjusted to remove the effect of
changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
reflect buying power in the year in which the transaction
occurred.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin
that is a byproduct or a discarded product. Non-biomass
waste includes municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases
that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon
dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or

"renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity
generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the
fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multiunit
facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by
the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more
steam turbines.
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission
chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material),
moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from
the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the
coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low
water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct
contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward
limit of inland water.
Oil: See Crude Oil.
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
Operable Unit (Nuclear): In the United States, a nuclear
generating unit that has completed low-power testing and
been issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to
operate.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping
governments tackle the economic, social and governance
challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership
comprises about 30 member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach.
For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated
objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies
of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad
Conference on September 1014, 1960. Current members
(with years of membership) include Algeria (1969present),
Angola (2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and
2007present), Iran (1960present), Iraq (1960present),
Kuwait (1960present), Libya (1962present), Nigeria

(1971present), Qatar (1961present), Saudi Arabia
(1960present), United Arab Emirates (1967present), and
Venezuela (1960present). Countries no longer members of
OPEC include Gabon (19751994) and Indonesia
(19622008).
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to gasoline,
increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.
Ethanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl
Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common
oxygenates.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense
Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 states and the
District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum
Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were
originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons as
Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which
were established in 1942.
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, mostly
pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas in a gas
processing plant. Pentanes plus is equivalent to natural
gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived
from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals,
synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon
mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of
crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of
finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon
compounds, such as additives and detergents, after they have
been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.
Petroleum Consumption:
(Petroleum).
See
Products
Supplied
Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 states

and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and
from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded
warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker use,
and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.
Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing
of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and
other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include
unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus,
aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,
kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil,
197
residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil,
still gas, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual products,
quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at
bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or
more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product
retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the
point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual
products held at gas processing plants are excluded from
individual product estimates but are included in other oils
estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated
from sunlight through solid-state semiconductor devices
that have no moving parts.
Pipeline Fuel:
Gas consumed in the operation of
pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly
pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated
as liquid at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing
plants.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first
accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any
transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of
energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic
gas, which can be converted to electricity; in this example,
coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy,
and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy
Production and Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption:
Consumption of
primary energy. (Energy sources that are produced from
other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare
included in primary energy consumption only if their
energy content has not already been included as part of the
original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary energy
consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but
not the coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The
U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the
following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal
consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum
consumption (petroleum products supplied, including
natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel);
dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous
fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate);
conventional
hydroelectricity
net
generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted
to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and
geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
198
plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy;

wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption;
fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the
electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See
Total Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary
energy. The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal
refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to
Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and
geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal
direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); wood and wood-derived fuels consumption;
biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity
directly.
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it
measures the disappearance of these products from
primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-processing
plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In
general, product supplied of each product in any given
period is computed as follows: field production, plus
refinery production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for
crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD
District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil
losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -43.67 F. It is extracted from natural gas
or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors
Association Specifications for commercial propane and
HD-5 propane.
Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered
from refinery or petrochemical processes.
Real Dollars: These are dollars that have been adjusted for
inflation. See Real Price.
of energy include conventional hydrolectric power,

biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind.
Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Real
prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually
reflect buying power relative to a base year.
Repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as

air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.
Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The cost of crude

oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries,
or blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to
produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross
inputs of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other
hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates
(excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including
fuel ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished
oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation
gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated
as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net
inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.
Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated
gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)
produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals,
and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in
advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil
distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery
gases, and finished petroleum products produced at a
refinery or petroleum storage terminal blending facility.
Net production equals gross production minus gross
inputs. Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum
product. Examples of negative net production include
reclassification of one finished product to another
finished product, or reclassification of a finished product
to unfinished oils or blending components.
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures
finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.
Refuse Mine: A surface site where coal is recovered from
previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank,
culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse
mine or the coal recaptured by that process. The resulting
product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are
essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil
fuels, of which there is a finite supply). Renewable sources
Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of living quarters for private households. Common
uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration,
cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The
residential sector excludes institutional living quarters.
Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage for
more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after the
distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled
away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM
Specifications D396 and 975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in
steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore
power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil
and is used for commercial and industrial heating, for electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual
fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual
asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment
on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six
grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a
rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): A set of codes
developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
which categorizes industries into groups with similar
economic activities. Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that
can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or
electricity.
Special Naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha
boiling ranges that are used as paint thinner, cleaners or
solvents. Those products are refined to a specified flash
point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and
cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications
D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or
marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are
199
to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas

(SNG) feedstocks, are excluded.
converting data between different thermal units of measure. See Btu Conversion Factor.
Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric

power plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting,
power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the
energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use sectors, plus electricity retail sales
and electrical system energy losses.
Steam Coal: All nonmetallurgical coal.

Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime
mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine
is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gas
produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming,
and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane,
and propylene. It is used primarily as refinery fuel and,
petrochemical feedstock.
Stocks: See Coal Stocks, Crude Oil Stocks, or Petroleum Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks
maintained by the federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range
from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and
used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black,
hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture
by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal
ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per short ton on a
moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of
subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and
mineral matter).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Synthetic natural gas,
propane-air, coke oven gas, still gas (refinery gas),
biomass gas, air injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas commingled and distributed with natural gas.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as
substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting
from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that
may easily be substituted for or interchanged with
pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data
between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as
British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for
200
Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to
another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses;
motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft;
and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehicles
whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse
tractors and forklifts) are classified in the sector of their
primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coverage-for more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm

Underground Storage: The storage of natural gas in
underground reservoirs at a different location from which it
was produced.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery processing except those requiring only mechanical blending.
Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas
oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.
Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural
gas liquid components, excluding those in plant
condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased
to exist as of December 31, 1991.
United States: The 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Note: The United States has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political entities
outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island, and
the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may
include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals.
For these programs, data products will contain notes
explaining the extent of geographic coverage included
under the term "United States."
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any
industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling
application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes and applications
other than electrical generation.
U.S.S.R.:
See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.).
Vented Natural Gas: Natural gas released into the air on
the production site or at processing plants.
Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of
commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing
boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels
operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to
the U.S. Armed Forces.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing operations. Waste coal is usually
composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine waste). Most
waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed
combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially
cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible
constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coal
obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere
under a pressure of one volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure
equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an
electric circuit steadily for one hour.
Waxes: Solid or semisolid material derived from petroleum distillates or residues. Waxes are light-colored, more
or less translucent crystalline masses, slightly greasy to
the touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons
in which the paraffin series predominates. Included are
all marketable waxes, whether crude scale or fully
refined. Waxes are used primarily as industrial coating
for surface protection.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at
the mouth of the well.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that
can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps,
mills, and electric power generators.
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products
derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round
wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,
sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad
ties, utility poles, black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood,
spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based solids and
liquids.
Working Gas: The quantity of natural gas in the reservoir
that is in addition to the cushion or base gas. It may or may
not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working
capacity could be used more than once during any season.
Volumes of working gas are reported in thousand cubic feet
at standard temperature and pressure.
201

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Montly Energy Review

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DOE/EI

Monthly Energy Review

Important Notes About the Data

Released: May 28, 2014

Monthly Energy Review

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Robert Schmitt

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Paduano

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey

Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michele Simmons

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong

Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca Peterson

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michele Simmons

11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith

12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Energy Consumption by Sector

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Section 10. Renewable Energy

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Section 11. International Petroleum

Section 12. Environment

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Energy Consumption by Sector

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Section 10. Renewable Energy

Section 12. Environment

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Primary Energy Overview

Overview, February 2014

Net Imports, JanuaryFebruary

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

2012 January ................

2013 January ................

2014 January ................

2013 2-Month Total .....

Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Primary Energy Production

Nuclear Electric Power

By Source, February 2014

Natural gas plant liquids.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review May 2014

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source