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Daftar Isi
Bab 1-

Intro AutoCAD
Sistem koordinat XY .......................................................................... 2
Introduction ................................................................................................... 2
Angular Measurement ................................................................................... 5
Entering Points in AutoCAD .......................................................................... 7
Icons, Keystrokes and Menus ....................................................................... 8
The AutoCAD Screen.................................................................................... 9
Basic AutoCAD Terminology ....................................................................... 10
Tricks ............................................................................................................. 14

Bab 2-

Menu Draw & Modify dasar

The DRAW Commands............................................................................... 17
Lines ........................................................................................................... 18
The Line Command..................................................................................... 18
Circles, Arcs etc. ......................................................................................... 19
The Circle Command .................................................................................. 19
The Erase Command .................................................................................. 20
UNDO Command ........................................................................................ 22
Printing or Plotting....................................................................................... 23
Tricks ............................................................................................................. 26

Bab 3-

Basic Drawing Skills

The Rectangle Command............................................................................ 28
Multilines ..................................................................................................... 29
The Multiline Command............................................................................... 29
The Multiline Style Command...................................................................... 30
The Trim Command .................................................................................... 32
The Extend Command ................................................................................ 33
Using Edgemode......................................................................................... 35
Shift Selection with Trim & Extend............................................................... 36
The Offset Command .................................................................................. 36
Object Snaps Introduction ........................................................................... 37
Object Snaps............................................................................................... 39
Endpoint ...................................................................................................... 40

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Midpoint ...................................................................................................... 40
Intersection.................................................................................................. 41
Apparent Intersect ....................................................................................... 41
Extension .................................................................................................... 41
Center ......................................................................................................... 42
Quadrant ..................................................................................................... 42
Tangent ....................................................................................................... 43
Perpendicular .............................................................................................. 43
Parallel ........................................................................................................ 43
Insert ........................................................................................................... 44
Node ........................................................................................................... 44
Nearest ....................................................................................................... 45
Using the From Object Snap ....................................................................... 45
Running Object Snaps ................................................................................ 46
None ........................................................................................................... 48
AutoSnap .................................................................................................... 48
The Aperture Box ........................................................................................ 48
Object Snap Cycling.................................................................................... 49
Using Temporary Tracking Points ............................................................... 50
Object Snap Tracking.................................................................................. 51
Point Filters ................................................................................................. 52
Assignment 2 .............................................................................................. 53
Tricks ............................................................................................................. 58
Bab 4-

Accurate Input
Absolute (World) & Relative Co-ordinates ................................................... 60
Polar Co-ordinates ...................................................................................... 60
Assignment 3 .............................................................................................. 61
Tricks ............................................................................................................. 62

Bab 5-

Selecting Objects in AutoCAD

Object Selection Introduction....................................................................... 65
Selecting Objects by Picking ....................................................................... 65
An Example on selecting objects................................................................. 66
Window Selection........................................................................................ 67

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Crossing Window Selection......................................................................... 67
Implied Windowing ...................................................................................... 68
The Undo option.......................................................................................... 68
Selecting All Objects ................................................................................... 68
Fence Selection .......................................................................................... 69
Window Polygon Selection .......................................................................... 69
Crossing Polygon Selection......................................................................... 70
Using a Previous Selection.......................................................................... 70
Selecting the Last Object............................................................................. 70
Object Cycling ............................................................................................. 70
Adding and Removing Objects .................................................................... 70
Bab 6-

Advance Modifying Commands

The Move Command................................................................................... 74
The Copy Command ................................................................................... 75
The Stretch Command ................................................................................ 76
Stretching with Grips ................................................................................... 76
The Mirror Command .................................................................................. 77
Assignment 4 .............................................................................................. 78

Bab 7-

More Modifying Commands

The Rotate Command ................................................................................. 82
The Fillet Command.................................................................................... 83
The Chamfer Command.............................................................................. 84
The Array Command................................................................................... 85
The Rectangular Array ................................................................................ 85
The Polar Array ........................................................................................... 87
Assignment 5. ............................................................................................. 89
Tricks ............................................................................................................. 94

Bab 8-

Layers and Dimensioning 95

Linear Dimensions......................................................................................100
Radius Dimensions ................................................................................... 101
Aligned Dimensions................................................................................... 101
Diameter Dimensions ................................................................................ 101
Scale Command........................................................................................ 103

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Associative Dimensioning.......................................................................... 104
Bab 9-

Direct Distance Entry and Object Tracking

Direct Distance Entry................................................................................. 106
How does it work?..................................................................................... 107
A Worked Example.................................................................................... 108
Polar Tracking ........................................................................................... 109
Object Snap Tracking................................................................................ 110

Bab 10- Changing the Object Properties

Object Properties....................................................................................... 113
Other Objects............................................................................................ 115
Changing Layers ....................................................................................... 116
Conclusion ................................................................................................ 116
Bab 11- Planning a Project................................................................................... 118
Tricks ........................................................................................................... 122
Bab 12- Zooming and Panning............................................................................ 124
Tricks ........................................................................................................... 127
Bab 13- FormattingText
Formatting Text ......................................................................................... 129
Creating New Textsyles............................................................................. 130
Bab 14- Layout Tabs
What is a Layout?...................................................................................... 133
10 Viewport Tips ....................................................................................... 133
Bab 15- Drawing Exercises
Figure 1, & 2 ............................................................................................. 133
Figure 3, 4, & 5 ..................................................................................... 13340
Figure 6, & 7 ............................................................................................. 133
Figure 8, & 9 ............................................................................................. 133
Figure 10, & 11 ......................................................................................... 133
Figure 12 .................................................................................................. 133

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BAB
++++
Sistem koordinat X-Y
Pengukuran sudut
Entri titik di AutoCAD
Terminologi dasar AutoCAD
Perintah memulai
Layar AutoCAD
++++

BAB 1 INTRO PERINTAH DASAR

Welcome to the world of CAD - In this tutorial you will be learning the basics of AutoCAD. The
course is designed so that the commands and instructions should work on almost any version of
AutoCAD, although this version is designed specifically for AutoCAD 2005. By the end of this
course you will have the skills to develop 2D drawings and print them out to scale.

Sistem koordinat XY
Intro
Pemahaman yg baik tentang bagaimana cara kerja koordinat di AutoCAD adalah mutlak
krusial, jika anda ingin memaximalkan penggunaan program ini.
Jika anda tdk familiar dg koordinat & sistem koordinat, luangkan waktu sejenak utk lebih
memfamiliarkan dg konsep-konsep dasar ini.
Koordinates dibagi menjadi 2 tipe, yaitu Cartesian & Polar. Suatu pemahaman dasar ttg 2
sistem koordinat ini akan membantu anda utk menggunakan AutoCAD utk mengkonstruksi
gambar dg lebih mudah.
Koordinat Cartesian
Despite the fancy title (named after the French philosopher Ren
Descartes 1596-1650), the Cartesian co-ordinate system is the
standard coordinate system where the position of a point can be
described by its distance from two axes, X and Y.
This results in a simple point description using two numbers
separated by a comma e.g. 34.897,45.473. In the example on

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the right the point described lies 34.897 drawing units to the left of the Y axis and 45.473
drawing units above the X axis. The first value (34.897) is known as the X co-ordinate
because it's value is measured along the X axis.
The second value is known as the Y co-ordinate because it's value is measured along the Y
axis. The X and Y axes are two lines of infinite length which intersect at the origin point. The
co-ordinate value of the origin point is always 0,0. When viewed in plan the X and Y axes
are always perpendicular to one another with the X axis in a horizontal position and the Y
axis in a vertical position (See illustration).
X co-ordinate values become negative to the left of the Y axis and

co-ordinate values become negative below the X axis. All coordinate values (both X and Y) are negative in the lower left hand
quadrant and positive in the upper right hand quadrant. Normally
we try to work in the positive quadrant. Although this is not
essential for AutoCAD to operate, it does tend to make life easier
because we don't need to worry about negative numbers.
AutoCAD allows you to use co-ordinates to draw objects rather than using pick points. For
example you could draw a line like this:
Command: LINE
From point: 34.897,45.473
To point: 54.896,65.395
To point: (to end)
This sequence draws a line between the two co-ordinate points specified. Note that if you
enter a co-ordinate that is off the screen the line will still be drawn to the required point. You
will then need to zoom out in order to see the whole line. You can also start the Line
command by clicking

on the Draw toolbar or from the pull-down menu (Draw

Line).

Everything that you draw in AutoCAD is exact. It will be more accurate than you will ever
need it to be. All objects drawn on the screen are placed there based on a simple X,Y
coordinate system. In AutoCAD this is known as the World Co-ordinate System (WCS). You
must understand this to know how to put things where you want them. 3-D work has an
added axis, the Z-axis, but this is not covered in this lesson.

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Think of an AutoCAD drawing as lines on a giant grid. Everything in AutoCAD is placed on

this grid. In order to work effectively with AutoCAD, you have to work with this system. Until
you are comfortable and familiar with it, learning AutoCAD will be more of a chore. My
experience in teaching is that the better a student is with co-ordinates, the better CAD
draftsperson they are.
Here is how it works:
AutoCAD uses points to determine where an object is located. There is an origin where it
begins counting from. This point is (0,0). Every object is located in relation to the origin. If
you were to draw a line straight out to the right from the origin, this would be considered the
positive X-axis. If you were to draw a line straight up, this would be the positive Y-axis. The
picture above shows a point located at (9,6). This means that the point is 9 units over in the
X-axis and 6 units up in the Y-axis. When you are working with points, X always comes first.
The other point shown is (-10,-5). This means that the point is 10 units in the negative Xaxis (left) and 5 units in the negative Y-axis (down).
A line has two points, a start point and an end point. AutoCAD works with the points to
display the line on the screen. Move your cursor over the picture above and you will see
line drawn from the absolute points of (-10,-5) to (9,6).
Most of the time, you will not have an indication of where the origin is. You may need to
draw a line from the endpoint of an existing line. To do this you use relative points. These
work the same way, but you have to add the @ symbol (shift+2) to tell AutoCAD that this
next point is relative from the last point entered.
Its a simple system, but mastering it is the key to working with AutoCAD and is explained
below.

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Pengukuran sudut

AutoCAD measures angles in a particular way also. Look at the diagram below. When
drawing lines at an angle, you have to begin measuring the angle from 0 degrees, which is
at the 3 o'clock position. If you drew a line at 90 degrees, it would go straight up.
The example above (when you move your mouse over it) shows a line drawn at +300
degrees, or -60 degrees.
You might not always have an obvious reference point for 0 degrees. Look at the example
below and place your mouse on the image to find out angle in question.
This method of measuring rotation is used for drawing purposes.
If you were to rotate an object (using the ROTATE command), AutoCAD requires the angle
between the original object and where it will end up. In this case, rotation is still measured
CCW.

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In this example, you are given information about the lines, but not the angle. AutoCAD
needs to draw the line from the start point. What you are given though, is
(a)

the knowledge that 0 is at the 3 o'clock position

(b)

the knowledge that 180 is at the 9 o'clock position and the angle between 180 and

the line you want to draw is 150. With this information, you can figure out what angle you
need.
Here is a fool-proof way of getting the angle you need:
1) Start at the 0 position and measure counter-clockwise (+) to 180.
2) From 180, measure clockwise 150.
3) Consider that you just went +180-150 and use that as an equation: +180-150=30
4) Now you can draw your line using polar co-ordinates. (discussed next)

Entri titik di AutoCAD

You can enter points directly on the command line using three different systems. The one
you use will depend on which is more applicable for the situation. The first assignment will
get you used to this. The three systems are as follows:

KOORDINAT ABSOLUT (MUTLAK) - Using this method, you enter the points as they
relate to the origin of the WCS. To enter a point just enter in the exact point as X,Y.

KOORDINAT RELATIF (INKRIMENTAL) - This allows you to enter points in relation to

the first point you have entered. After you've entered one point, the next would be
entered as @X,Y. This means that AutoCAD will draw a line from the first point to
another point X units over and Y units up relative to the previous point.

POLAR CO-ORDINATES - You would use this system if you know that you want to
draw a line a certain distance at a particular angle. You would enter this as @D<A. In
this case, D is the distance and A is the angle. Example: @10<90 will draw a line 10
units straight up from the first point.

The three ways of entering co-ordinates shown above are the ONLY way AutoCAD accepts
input. First decide which style you need to use, and then enter as shown. Remember that X
is always before Y (alphabetical). Don't forget the '@' symbol when you are entering relative
points. Any typing error or omission will give you results you don't want. If you make a
mistake and need to see what you typed, press F2 to bring up the text screen and check
your typing. (press F2 to get back to your drawing.)
There other ways of drawing lines, but all methods are based on these 3 systems. It is

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recommended that you get familiar with the co-ordinate system before working with things
such as Direct Data Entry. A good understanding of the basics is essential to getting good
with AutoCAD.
Icons, Keystrokes and Menus
There are many ways to do things in most windows programs. AutoCAD is no exception.
Everyone will develop a way that works best for him or her. In this course, we will primarily
be working with the keystroke commands. The reason for this is because they will work in
most AutoCAD versions (including DOS versions), and in some other CAD programs. The
icons work well, but as you will see, icons can be placed anywhere on the screen and can
be difficult to find quickly. The pull-down menus will access almost all commands, but are a
slower way of doing things. Example: If you want to draw a line, you can do it a few ways:
At the command line type: LINE (or) L and press the ENTER key.
1.

Select the line icon from the DRAW toolbar.

2.

Select Draw > Line from the pull-down menu.

All three approaches will do the same thing: prepare AutoCAD to draw a line where you tell
it.
AutoCAD is a popular program because it can be customized to suit an individual's needs.
The toolbars are a good example of this. You can have the toolbars you use most often on
the screen all the time. You can easily make them go away so that you have more drawing
space.
You can also customize them so you have the most common commands on one toolbar.
For example, the dimensioning toolbar is one that you will not want taking up space on your
screen while drawing, but is very handy when you're dimensioning your drawing.
Working with MS Windows.
In any Windows based program, you have another way of selecting items in a pull-down
menu. The underlined letter of an option allows you to press the ALT+(Letter) keys at the
same time to choose the option. This will activate the pull-down menu.
For Example in AutoCAD, you can press ALT+D, then press L to access the line command.
This method can be very quick once you get to know the letter combinations.

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Layar AutoCAD

Title Bar - This will show you what program you are running and what the current filename
is.
Pull-down menus - These are the standard pull-down menus through which you can
access almost all commands.
Main toolbar - This has most of the standard Windows icons, as well as the most common
AutoCAD commands.
Property toolbar - This toolbar gives a way to quickly modify an object's properties, such
as layer and linetype.
Floating toolbar - This is a toolbar that can be moved around the screen, or 'docked' as
the main toolbar is.
Drawing space - This is where you draw. You have an almost infinite area to draw and this
is just a 'section' of the entire space.
Scrollbars - These work like in other windows programs. You can also use the PAN
command to move around your drawing.
WCS Icon - This is here to show you which direction positive X and positive Y go. The W
means you're in the World Co-ordinate System. (It can be changed to a User Co-ordinate
System.)

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Status Bar Tray Icons - These icons give you updates on items like reference files
program updates and print status.
Command line - When you type a command, you will see it here. AutoCAD uses this space
to 'prompt' you for information. It will give you a lot of information and tell you where you are
in the command. Watch this line or portion while learning.
Status bar - This allows seeing and changing different modes of drawing such as Ortho,
Osnaps, Grid, Otrack, etc.

Terminologi Dasar AutoCAD

Inilah beberapa terminologi dasar yg perlu anda ketahui sebelum menggunakan AutoCAD.
Koordinat absolut

Sebuah cara utk input titik berpatokan pd

sumbu AutoCAD.

Acad.dwt

default template yg secara otomatis dimuat

saat kita memulai suatu sesi gambar. Ini dpt
dikustomisasi.

Associated Dimensioning

Dimensi yg terasosiasi dg titik tertentu, nilainya

akan terupdate bila titik dipindahkan.

Backup file

AutoCAD dpt diatur secara otomatis utk

memback-up & menyimpan gambar kita. Hal
ini sbg pengaman apabila file kita terkorup. File
yg lama akan disimpan dg extension *.bak.

Block

Sebuah gambar yg dibuat sebelumnya yg dpt

disisipkan ke gambar kita, utk hemat waktu &
membuat ukuran file kita lebih kecil.

Crosshair

Ini adalah kursor bila berada di ruang gambar.

Cursor

Kursor kita akan berubah tgt pd berada di

program apa.

Database

Sebuah file autoCAD sebenarnya merupakan

sebuah database besar yg mengandung semua
informasi yg diperlukan utk mereproduksi objek
itu bila file itu dibuka. Dlm hal ini menyimpan
info layer, tipe garis, dll.

Dialog box

AutoCAD uses a large number of dialog boxes

to get information from you. You must know how
input the information that it asks for.

Drawing template file

This is a file that contains preset values for

frequently used settings. AKA a prototype
drawing. The file extension is DWT.

Extents

The outer boundaries of the objects you have

drawn.

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Grid

This is pattern of dots displayed on the screen

to guide you. It can be toggled on and off by
pressing the F7 key.

Grips

Small 'handles' on objects that allow for quick

editing.

Layer

All objects are drawn on a layer. You can group

objects (such as electrical) on a single layer and
organize your drawing.

Layout Tabs

An optional area used for plotting your

drawings.

Limits

A setting to impose an 'artificial' boundary on

your drawing and scale your text and
dimensions, etc.

Linetype

All objects are drawn with a particular linetype.

Examples would be solid, center, dashed, etc.

Model space

The drawing space where you 'model' the

objects.

Modify

A generic term used for changing your objects

Object

Any item that is in the AutoCAD database. Also

known as an entity.

Origin

The (0,0) point of your current co-ordinate

system.

Ortho mode

This is a drawing mode that allows you to draw

only perpendicular lines. It is toggled on and off
by pressing the F8 key.

Osnap

This is a method of 'snapping' to certain, precise

points on an object.

Object Snap

The lessons in this package deal with printing directly out of model space.
For beginners, this is the easiest way to plot your drawings. It is highly recommended that
for any other drawings after these lessons, you should get into the habit of printing from the
layout tabs.
Path The specific folder where AutoCAD looks for, or saves files.
Pick To select an object by 'left-clicking' on it.
Plot Also known as print. To make a hard copy of your drawing.
Polar co-ordinates A way of inputting points based on distance and angle.
Property Any specific characteristic of an object such as layer,
scale, linetype, start point, etc.

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Relative co-ordinates
A way of inputting points based on a starting point.
Selection set The current group of objects selected for modifying.
Snap This is a drawing mode that allows you to snap your cursor to precise points laid out in a grid
pattern.
Toggle with the F9 key.
Styles Formatting that defines the look of text, dimensions, etc.
Units
The basic drawing unit set for you drawing. For example, you can use inches or millimeters
depending on your needs. You can also set the precision you want displayed, such nearest 1/4",
1/2" 1/64", etc.
User co-ordinate system (UCS)
Modifications made to the World Co-ordinate System (WCS) results in a User Co-ordinate System
(UCS)
Anything you draw in AutoCAD should be in real-world units. If you are drawing a floor plan, you
draw it in a 1:1 scale by entering points such as 206. This is a real-world unit.
When you are plotting your drawing, then you have to be worried about scale.
View A particular area of your drawing.
Viewport A separate 'window' on your drawing. You may have more than one viewport visible to
see different areas of your drawing at the same time.
Wizard
An easy step-by-step instruction set to help you set-up certain aspects of your drawing.
World Co-ordinate
System (WCS)
This is the common X-Y co-ordinate system that is the default. If it is modified, it becomes a User
co-ordinate System (UCS)
Zoom To view either a smaller section of your drawing (zoom in) or a larger section (zoom out)
If you are using the older version of AutoCAD, such as R14, you will not have a start-up wizard. Set
up your drawing using the following commands:
DDUNITS set up your drawing units
LIMITS set up your drawing space
If you are using a recent version, 200X, you may start up in a wizard, AutoDesk Today, or neither.
This is set in your options/preferences dialog box.
When you are first learning AutoCAD, you will be using the World Coordinate System (WCS). As

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you get more advanced, you will be able to change this to the User Co-ordinate System (UCS).
The UCS is used more intensively in 3D work.

Trik
Always look at the command line for guidance when you are learning new AutoCAD
commands. The command line will prompt you for information and this is the easiest way to
find out how a new command works. This is especially true for the more complicated
commands like Trim and Extend.
The command line window displays 3 lines of text by default. You can change this by
clicking and dragging the top of the window frame. When you are starting with AutoCAD
you may like to see more than 3 lines. The illustration below shows the command line
window increased in size to 6 lines.
The command line can also be displayed as a floating text window. The AutoCAD text
window is displayed by pressing the F2 key on the keyboard. See Function Keys on the
Drawing Aids tutorial for more details.

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