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0 2005 - 03 - 00 T. Anttonen
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KLY-1 1997-05 P:\582-RAPP-PB3\int\Kayttoonotto\koulutus\Training Manuals\Folder 1\2.4 Solid fuel handling system.do
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.4 SOLID FUEL HANDLING SYSTEM.............................................................. 3
2.4.1 Purpose of the system................................................................................ 4
2.4.2 General description of the system............................................................. 4
2.4.3 Fuel feeding regulation............................................................................. 11
2.4.4 Design criteria............................................................................................ 12
2.4.5 Equipment specification........................................................................... 13
2.4.5.1 Coal feeding silos ........................................................................................ 13
2.4.5.2 Coal silo reclaimer ....................................................................................... 14
2.4.5.3 Bio fuel silos ................................................................................................ 15
2.4.5.4 Bio fuel silo reclaimer .................................................................................. 17
2.4.5.5 Bark chain conveyor .................................................................................... 19
2.4.5.6 Metering screw 10 ....................................................................................... 20
2.4.5.7 Mixing screw (front wall) .............................................................................. 20
2.4.5.8 Mixing screw (rear wall)............................................................................... 21
2.4.5.9 Fuel conveyor (front wall) ............................................................................ 22
2.4.5.10 Fuel conveyor (rear wall) ............................................................................. 22
2.4.5.11 Motor operated slide gate............................................................................ 23
2.4.5.12 Balancing pocket ......................................................................................... 24
2.4.5.13 Metering screw............................................................................................ 24
2.4.5.14 Rotary feeder............................................................................................... 25
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2.4.5.15 Fuel chute.................................................................................................... 27
2.4.5.16 Wall screw................................................................................................... 28

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2.4 SOLID FUEL HANDLING SYSTEM


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Flowsheets: T582-00022 Fuel silos, front wall
T582-00023 Fuel feeding, front wall
T582-00025 Fuel feeding, rear wall

2.4.1 Purpose of the system

serve as a short-term fuel storage
supply solid fuel flow at required capacity from the silos to
the boiler


2.4.2 General description of the system

From the coal storage (not in scope) crushed coal is fed by belt
conveyor (not in scope) to dividing drag conveyor (not in scope)
which transfer fuel to two coal silos located by the furnace left
side wall.

Biofuel is fed from the bark yard (not in scope) by a belt
conveyor (not in scope) to dividing drag conveyor (not in scope)
located above the biofuel feeding silos.

The fuel silos, 2 for coal and 2 for biofuel, are located to the left
side wall of the furnace. There are three feeding lines from silos
to the furnace, two at front wall and one at rear wall.

Coal is primary fuel and bark secondary fuel. Coal and bark can
be fed to the boiler separately or they can be mixed. Fuel from
coal silo 1 (283T011) and bark silo 1 (283T012) is fed to the
boiler front wall and fuel from coal silo 2 (283T013) and bark silo
2 (283T014) is fed to the boiler rear wall.
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Boiler automation controls the conveying line capacity/speed
according the capacity need of the boiler.

Round shaped bark silos are equipped with slewing screw
dischargers (Picture 1). Dischargers drop biofuel to drag
conveyors, which furthermore take biofuel to mixing screws,
where biofuel and coal are mixed. After that biofuel is fed to the
combustion chamber through the same conveyor system and
feeding points as coal.
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Picture 1. Biosilo slewing screw discharger

Biosilo screw reclaimer has three separate drive units, one for
screw and two for slewing. The screw of the reclaimer turns
slowly around the centre circle and unloads material through the
centre point to the underlying bark conveyor. The capacity of the
screw reclaimer can be regulated between 35-500 m3/h.
Regulation can be done by changing the rotation speed of the
screw motor. The primary speed control for the screw is coming
from the boiler automation, but the level regulating of the
balance pocket corrects the speed command, if the fuel level in
balance pocket is not on the desired area. The slewing motor
torque is regulated by the frequency converter.

Screw reclaimer is equipped with the automatic lubrication unit
which lubricates all particles needed to lubricate on slewing part
of the reclaimer except the slewing rings tooth and slipring units
bearing which must be lubricated manually.
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Coal is discharged from the feeding silos by variable frequency
controlled chain dischargers (Picture 2), two pieces on each silo.


Picture 2. Coal discharger underneath the coal silo

Dischargers carry coal to the mixing screws where it is mixed to
the fuel coming from biofuel silos. After mixing screws fuel (or
fuel mixture) goes to drag chain type feeding conveyors.

On the furnace front wall fuel is divided to two parallel drag
conveyors from which the fuel is divided to the six feeding
points, so that each drag conveyor is feeding three separate
feeding points. On the rear wall side there is only one drag
conveyor. Each of the three conveyors is equipped with variable
frequency drive.
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The even distribution of fuel to all feeding points is controlled by
metering screws on each feeding points. Also these screws are
variable frequency controlled.


Picture 3. Opened rotary feeder

Each fuel feeding chute is equipped with rotary lock feeders
(Picture 3) in order to prevent any backflows from the furnace.
The lower part of each fuel feed chutes on the front wall is
equipped with constant speed feeding screw (Picture 4). These
screws are equipped with a feed/purge air system that improves
the fuel injection and distribution while also cooling the feeding
system. On the rear wall fuel is fed from the rotary feeders
directly to loop seals.
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Picture 4. Feeding screw (looked from inside the boiler)

Bark flow is controlled by variable frequency controlled electric
motor drives of the silo discharger, drag conveyor and metering
screw.
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The design allows also use of smaller amount of sludge
(reservation made for sludge silo and feeding equipment).



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2.4.3 Fuel feeding regulation

Coal + bark feeding

If using coal and bark or only bark for boiler feeding, all the
motor operated slide gates are fully open. At the third outlet
point there is a balancing pocket between fuel conveyor and
metering screw. To guarantee that also the third outlet point gets
fuel there must be fuel level all the time in the balancing pocket.
To make that possible the balancing pocket is equipped with the
continuous level measuring system. If the fuel level on the
pocket is under or above the set point, the level regulation
corrects the speed of the fuel conveyor for getting the fuel level
to the set point.

Coal feeding

It is important that fuel feeding to the boiler via fuel conveyors
each three outlet points are as even as possible. When using
only coal the fuel dividing is regulated with the motor operated
slide gates.

All slide gates are equipped with positioning detectors. Slide
gates are positioned so, that the first slide gate is 1/3 open and
second 2/3 open. If boiler automation notices that the fuel
feeding is not even the correction is made by changing the
rotation speed of the metering screw(s). Respectively to coal +
bark feeding the balancing pocket has a certain fuel level in the
coal feeding also.
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2.4.4 Design criteria

Coal system

Coal particle size when entering feeding silos shall be as follows

100% mm < 8
90% mm < 6
max. 10% mm < 0,1

Coal volume weight is 850 kg/m
3
.

Bark system

Bark particle size (measured as side+side+side) when entering
feeding silos shall be as follows

100% mm < 50

Bark volume weight is 300 - 400 kg/m
3
.

Note! Due to bark chlorine content and high superheating
temperature bark shall be fired together with coal. It is estimated
that about 10% of fuel heat input shall be from the coal.

Sludge system (reservation)

Sludge volume weight is 700 - 900 kg/m
3
.

Note! Due to sludge chlorine and alkaline content and high
superheating temperature sludge shall not be fired with bark
only. It is estimated that about 30% of fuel heat input shall be
from the coal when firing sludge.
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2.4.5 Equipment specification

2.4.5.1 Coal feeding silos

Equipment numbers 283T011 (1) and 283T013 (2)
Number pcs 2
Manufacturer RAPP (Raumaster design)
Gross volume / each m
3
1500
Diameter m 10
Height m 22,5
Materials:
cover carbon steel
side wall carbon steel
bottom cone carbon steel
lining for bottom cone stainless steel
Equipment:
manhole
support
fasteners for level indicators
explosion doors and connection for extinguishing
handrails on the cover
filter A = 10 m, pneumatic cleaning
standard service doors

Pneumatic cleaning system removes coal dust which appears
when feeding the coal silo 1 (283E127) and coal silo 2
(283E128). Pneumatic cleaning system (motor 1,5 kW +
cleaning) is started at the same time when starting the conveyor
which is feeding the silo.
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Cleaning system has a control system of its own which controls
the magnetic valves of cleaning. The motor of the cleaning
system is stopped with 5 minutes delay after the silo feeding
conveyor is stopped. The cleaning is stopped with 2 minutes
delay after the motor of the cleaning system is stopped.

2.4.5.2 Coal silo reclaimer

Equipment numbers 283C003 (1) and 283C004 (2) (front
wall)
283C008 (3) and 283C009 (4)
(rear wall)
Number / silo 2
Manufacturer RAPP (Raumaster design)
Reclaimer type Chain conveyor
Silo opening mm 950 x 4000, with needle
gate
Capacity / each m
3
/h 4 ... 40
Inclination 0
Chain speed m/s 0,008 ... 0,08
Chain width mm 1250
Lenghts m 14 (283C003)
m 11,5 (283C004)
m 10 (283C008 and
283C009)
Chains 2 pcs M450-A-200, pins
and bushes AISI 420
Spacing of flights mm 400
Motor kW 11, with thermistors
Control variable frequency drive
(supplied by RAPP)
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Materials:
bottom 15 mm carbon steel
intermediate bottom 12 mm carbon steel
side walls 8 mm carbon steel
cover 4 mm carbon steel

Reclaimers are equipped with fuel weight measurement connections

2.4.5.3 Bio fuel silos

Equipment numbers 283T012 (1)and 283T014 (2)
Number pcs 2
Manufacturer RAPP (Raumaster design)
Gross volume / each m
3
300
Diameter m 7
Height m 8
Materials:
cover carbon steel
side wall stainless steel
bottom stainless steel
other parts carbon steel
Equipment:
manhole
service door
support L ~ 4 m
fasteners for level indicators
explosion doors and connection for extinguishing
handrails on the cover
fuel speader (283A004 and 283A005) for silos inlet opening,
motor 1,5 kW

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Picture 5. Slewing screw reclaimer
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2.4.5.4 Bio fuel silo reclaimer

Equipment numbers 283C001 (silo1), 283C007 (silo2)
Number / silo pcs 1
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Manufacturers type CSR-4 S
Reclaimer type Slewing screw reclaimer
Capacity / each m
3
/h 35 ... 500
Screw rotation speed rpm 3,5 ... 50
Screw flight diameter mm 800
Main motor kW 90, with thermistors 3 pcs
variable frequency drives (1+1 pcs, supplied by RAPP)
Slewing motors (2+2 pcs) kW 3, with thermistors 3 pcs
variable frequency drives (2+2 pcs, supplied by RAPP)
Power supply with collector slip ring unit
Lubrication unit manufacturer Lincoln
Lubrication unit motors (2 pcs) kW 0,09
Materials:
screw flight 15 mm stainless steel + hard metal
welding
shaft lining 6 mm stainless steel
screw part is bolted
fall chute stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

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Picture 6. Drag chain conveyor
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2.4.5.5 Bark chain conveyor

Equipment numbers 283C002 (1)and 283C010 (2)
Number pcs 2
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Conveyor type Chain conveyor
Capacity / each m
3
/h 35 ... 500
Conveyor width mm 1500
Conveyor length
front wall (283C002) m 34
rear wall (283C010) m 22
Chain speed m/s 0,02 ... 0,3
Chains 2 pcs M450-A-200, pins
and bushes SS 420
Motor kW 30, with thermistors
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
bottom 8 mm stainless steel
side walls 6 mm stainless steel
slide bars for chains 30 mm polyethene HD2000
other parts carbon steel

Bark coming from the screw reclaimer is falling to the balance
pocket of chain conveyor. The meaning of the balance pocket is
to guarantee even material flow from screw reclaimer to the
chain conveyor. Conveyor is also equipped with extinguishing
steam connections and with fuel weight measurement
connections.
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Chain conveyor 1 (283C002) has two outlet points. First outlet
point is equipped with metering screw 10 (283C055). The speed
of the metering screw is regulated so that it takes 50% of the
bark coming to the chain conveyor.

2.4.5.6 Metering screw 10

Equipment number 283C055
Number pcs 1
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Capacity m
3
/h 17 ... 250
Screw rotation speed rpm 1,7 ... 25
Screw flight diameter mm 800
Screw length m 3
Motor kW 18,5, with thermistors
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
trough 6 mm stainless steel
thread 10 mm stainless steel
shaft pipe lining 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

2.4.5.7 Mixing screw (front wall)

Equipment numbers 283C005 (1) and 283C006 (2)
Number pcs 2
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Capacity m
3
/h 50 ... 300
Screw rotation speed rpm 8 ... 48
Screw flight diameter mm 800
Screw length m 9
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Motor kW 37, thermistors (3 pcs)
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
trough 6 mm stainless steel
thread 10 mm stainless steel, top
hard welded
shaft pipe lining 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

2.4.5.8 Mixing screw (rear wall)

Equipment number 283C011 (3)
Number pcs 1
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Capacity m
3
/h 80 ... 500
Screw rotation speed rpm 6 ... 36
Screw flight diameter mm 1000
Screw length m 10
Motor kW 37, thermistors (3 pcs)
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
trough 6 mm stainless steel
thread 10 mm stainless steel, top
hard welded
shaft pipe lining 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

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2.4.5.9 Fuel conveyor (front wall)

Equipment numbers 283C012 (1) and 283C016 (2)
Number pcs 2
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Conveyor type Chain conveyor
Capacity / each m
3
/h 20 ... 300
Conveyor width mm 1200
Conveyor length
283C012 (1) m 24
283C016 (2) m 21
Chain speed m/s 0,017 ... 0,25
Chains 2 pcs M315-A-200, pins
and bushes SS 420
Motor kW 18,5, with thermistors
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
bottom 8 mm stainless steel
side walls 6 mm stainless steel
slide bars for chain 30 mm polyethene HD2000
other parts carbon steel

Conveyor is equipped with extinguishing steam connections and two
first outlets are equipped with slide gates

2.4.5.10 Fuel conveyor (rear wall)

Equipment number 283C028 (3)
Number pcs 1
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Conveyor type Chain conveyor
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Capacity m
3
/h 35 ... 500
Conveyor width mm 1500
Conveyor length m 25
Chain speed m/s 0,02 ... 0,3
Chains 2 pcs M450-A-200, pins
and bushes AISI 420
Motor kW 30, thermistors (3 pcs)
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
bottom 8 mm stainless steel
side walls 6 mm stainless steel
slide bars for chain 30 mm polyethene HD2000
other parts carbon steel

Conveyor is equipped with extinguishing steam connections and two
first outlets are equipped with slide gates

2.4.5.11 Motor operated slide gate

Equipment numbers 283-HV-1572 (1), 283-HV-1573 (2)
283-HV-1546 (4), 283-HV-1549 (5)
283-HV-1585 (7), 283-HV-1588 (8)
Number pcs 6
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Motor kW 2,2
Materials:
gate plate stainless steel
frame carbon steel

The slide gate is equipped with positioning detector.

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2.4.5.12 Balancing pocket

Equipment numbers
(above screws)
283C015 (3), 283C019 (6)
and 283C031 (9)
Number pcs 3
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Volume / each m
3
2
Size (L x W x H) m 1,5 x 1 x 1,5
Materials:
side walls and cover 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

The balancing pocket is equipped with continuous level measurement
(radioactive) (supplied by RAPP).

2.4.5.13 Metering screw

Equipment numbers 283C013 (1), 283C014 (2)
283C015 (3), 283C017 (4)
283C018 (5), 283C019 (6)
283C029 (7), 283C030 (8)
and 283C031 (9)
Number pcs 9
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Capacity / each m
3
/h 12 ... 170
Screw rotation speed rpm 2,3 ... 35
Screw flight diameter mm 630
Screw length m 3 (5 pcs), 4 (2 pcs) 5 (2pcs)
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Motor kW 15, 1000 rpm, thermistors
(3 pcs)
variable frequency drive (supplied by RAPP)
Materials:
trough 6 mm stainless steel
thread 10 mm stainless steel,
hard welded
shaft pipe lining 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

2.4.5.14 Rotary feeder

Equipment numbers 283E082 (1), 283E083 (2)
283E084 (3), 283E085 (4)
283E086 (5), 283E087 (6)
283E089 (7), 283E090 (8)
and 283E091 (9)
Number pcs 9
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Manufacturers type ALF 63/80 C
Capacity / each m
3
/h 170
Rotation speed rpm 29
Filling grade % 34
Motor kW 15
Overload clutch ball coupling
Zero speed swith manufacturer Telemecanique
Materials:
parts in contact with fuel stainless steel
other parts carbon steel

or purpose is prohibited. The document or the information shall not be reproduced or copied, or disclosed to a third party without prior written consent of Kvaerner Power Oy.
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Picture 7. Rotary feeder
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2.4.5.15 Fuel chute

Number pcs 9
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Opening size diameter mm 500
Height m 4
Material: 4 mm stainless steel

The fuel chute is equipped with air heat jacket.

Equipment:

Expansion bellow
Opening size mm 630 x 800
Height (approx.) mm 800
Movements
vertical mm 0 - 220
horizontal mm 0 - 40
Materials:
internal chute 4 mm stainless steel
other parts carbon steel
elastic part stainless steel

Hand operated slide gate
Opening size mm 670 x 800
Materials:
frame carbon steel
slide gate stainless steel

or purpose is prohibited. The document or the information shall not be reproduced or copied, or disclosed to a third party without prior written consent of Kvaerner Power Oy.
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2.4.5.16 Wall screw

Equipment numbers 283C020 (1), 283C021 (2)
283C022 (3), 283C023 (4)
283C024 (5), 283C025 (6)
Number pcs 6
Manufacturer Raumaster Oy
Capacity / each m
3
/h 170
Screw rotation speed rpm 70
Screw flight diameter mm 500
Screw length m 3
Motor kW 7,5
Materials:
screw flight stainless steel
shaft lining stainless steel
trough and thread stainless steel
hot part of screw heat resistant steel

Screws are equipped with air cooled jacket.

or purpose is prohibited. The document or the information shall not be reproduced or copied, or disclosed to a third party without prior written consent of Kvaerner Power Oy.
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Picture 8. Wall screw