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Optimized Complementary 40V Power LDMOS-FETs Use Existing Fabrication Steps

In Submicron CMOS Technology


Taylor Efland, Theresa Keller, Steve Keller, J ohn Rodriguez
Power ICs CustomAutomotive, PRISM Productization
Texas Instruments Incorporated
Dallas, Texas, USA
Abstract
This paper discusses development of state-of-the-art
complementary isolated lateral 40V rated power MOSFETs.
The goals 01 this project were to provide BV specific devices
for use with an existing merged VLSI technology. Devices
meeting this goal were fabricated in a production
manufacturing envirorunent with no extra cost added to the
process. The p-channel I ET has a BV=60V, and R,=2.71
mi2 cm2 @V,=lSV, and for the n-channel E T , BV47V
and K,,=0.67 mn cm2 @V,=lSV. These devices are seen to
be very competitive solutions with advanced integral on-chip
intelligence
Introduction
Diverse applications requiring more intelligent and area
efficient PICS have Icd to the development of BV specific
power components because of the well-known relationship of
BV to specific &con,, (l i sp), that is, as BV decreases so does
R5,. Previously it wi14 considered that possibly a medium
60V and higher 80V rated power part would cover most
applications. In fact they will; however, the rising cost of
modern technology and a competitive market now demands
lower price for equal or better performance. Since the
outputs consume thelargest percentage of area on power ICs,
then, it makes sense to provide power devices that have a BV
tailored specifically to the application needs if possible.
A large group of the applications involving general motor
driving has a voltage requirement of less than 40V; one such
cxample would be a printer motor driver. A 50% decrease in
K,, is realized for an optimized 4OV LDMOS device over a
h0V 1,DMOS device. The significantly lower Rsp results in
huge area savings on the IC which leads to higher die yield
per wafer and hence reduced cost. Of course it would also be
preffered if the lower BV and Ksp could be achieved without
additional process costs. The approach taken for this work
was to produce at least 40V rated BV, minimum pitch
compe titive power components having full compatibility
with existing submicron technology without adding process
cost.
Device Description
[Ire 40V rated devices discussed in this work were integrated
into TIS modular microcontroller and DSP based PRISM
technology using a scaleable p-epi based, submicron merged
CMOS(2 process. These devices are manufactured using
1p.mlayout rules and the standard process flow without
additional steps. They can be used along side the 60V and
80V3 existing power LDMOS components.
Taking advantage of VLSI processing yielded minimum
pitch devices with minimumfield oxide thickness and 500A
gate oxide. Both devices take advantage of the existing 60V
LDMOS high voltage n-well (HVn) to provide isolation from
other circuitry. The 60V LDMOS design (shown in figure l a
for reference) is further modified with the combinational use
of the available low voltage CMOS n and p type wells to
produce the new devices. A minimum geometry nitride
opening at the LOCOS field Si02 level yields a necessary
bubble of oxide that is sufficiently thick to avoid deep
depletion BV while providing good field plating for the
required BV condition. An SEM of such a region is
illustrated in figure 2.
A cross-section of the 40V n-channel FET (&ET) is shown
in figure lb. This device is produced by scaling down the
drift length of the existing 60V LDMOS structure and
adding LVn to the drift region. LVn being much higher
doped than HVn results in a significant reduction in the
lateral drift resistance. The layout position of LVn with
respect to the LOCOS region was varied in the experiment to
determine its effect on breakdown.
The p-channel FET @?ET) is a drain extended RESURF(4
device and is shown in the cross-section of figure IC. The
pFET drain extended RESURF, drift region is composed of
the LVp region used in conjunction with the p-type, channel
stop (CS) diffusion; the latter of which is self aligned to the
LOCOS bubble of field oxide. The I Nn forms the
bodykhannel region of the pFET. Since the surface doping
N(s) is relatively low for the IWn, the low voltage logic n-
well (LVn) is added to the body region and spaced relative to
the p+source diffusion. The LVn is allowed to penetrate
laterally beyond the source into the channel, and because of
its higher concentration, provides a higher VT. The increased
channel doping allows for a shorter channel length while
preventing premature source to drain punch-through. The
combination of LVn and HVn results in a split channel
diffusion.
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I HV-n-well I
p-epi / p-substrate
L- I
S (1 n
p-epi / p-substrate
L- I
S G D
I HV-n-well In I
I h \ l p-epi I p-substrate I
S D
W-n- well
p-epi I psubstrate
( c ) ,
Figure 1. (a) Existing 60V LDMOS built in high voltagen-tank
in pepUpsubstrate material. Thefield length ld (drift region
length) is scaled down for the lower voltage devices. @) nFET
devicewith LVn added to the drift region and variable spacing
Lo (LVn extending into LOCOS). (c) pFET devicewith added
LVn and LVp. Variablespacing lc (LVn space to channel) and
lp (LVp space to source moat) are shown.
Figure 2. SEM photograph of mmmum lpm oltnde opemg
LOCOS StO: formahon for mehum voltagecapability.
Data and Discussion
Averaged manufacturable device data processed in a
production facility is featured. Layout spacing of the
complementary low voltage p-channel, n-type (LVn) and
n-channel, ptype (LVp) logic wells were varied to optimize
Rsp and BV.
The relationship of BV and Rsp of the nFET to the alignment
of LVn extending into LOCOS (In, figure lb) was studied,
and averaged experimental results are displayed in figure 3..
Since surface walking BV was not observed it is assumed
that BV occurs in thecurvature region of the junction caused
by the vicinity of the more heavily doped LVn well. As the
LVn is moved away from thep-well the field is decreased
and BV increases. Interestingly because of the BV
mechanism, the srructure exhibits voltage scaling with LVn
spacing; a feature that was believed to exist only in RESURF
devices. Rsp as expected follows the increasing / decreasing
trend with BV. The increase in Rsp is a result of the
decreasing ratio of lower resistive LVn to the higher resistive
HV-n-well. Rsp and BV vs LVn best performance for a
manufacturable device with BVAOV is at BV=47V and
R,=0.67 mSZ.cm2@V,=15V. Since this device is based on
the existing 60V LDMOS, the channel is fixed and therefore
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-0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
In (pn) LVn extending into LOCOS
S=120 mVIdec, V~ d . 2 5 V
Figure 3. Averaged experimental & and BV dependence of the
nFET on the higher concentration LVn extending into the field
oxidewith respect to thedrain.
the subthreshold slope S and VT remain fixed as shown in
the caption. A micro photograph of this particular device
type being designed into an intelligent IC (general purpose
motor driver) in an H-bridge configuration along side the
Figure 4. A piece of an IC shows 4 of the 4OV rated
nFETs representative of this work configured as an H-
bridge (top) and integrated along side 60V LDMOS
(bottom).
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IC (pm) LVn space to channel
( IP (pm) LVP space to source moat)
(11)
Figure 5 (a)Averaged expenmental BV, and @) & @ V,=lSV,
V,, S for thepFET is shown vs layout parameters.
existing 60V LDMOS is shown in figure 4.
The graph shown in figure 5b relates the two major %, , ,
components (drift and channel) for the lateral pFET.
Experimental RJp of the pFET was found to decrease as the
LVn spacing to the channel inaeases. Raising the peak n-
type, channel concentration (decreasing IC spacing) results in
an increasing VT; this further results in a significant
performance loss to the channel region of the pFET because
b is V,-VT dependent. This trend indicates a dominance of
the channel region resistance component due to the lower
p-channel inversion mobility.
For a given LVn spacing, the drift concentration is increased
as LVp encroaches on the source side of the field oxide
region (lp decreasing), and as expected Rsp shifts downward.
As the graph indicates, the Rsp is dominated by the effects of
the channel doping on VT until the drift region resistance is
substantially reduced (lp=0.5 pn). As expected the channel
parameters, S and VT, were only seen to decrease with
decreased peak channel doping as set by the spacing IC.
Figure 5a shows the pFET BVCk, for the same set of layout
spacings. BV shifts down as lp increases; this is the normal
trend of decreasing BV for decreasing drift length for lateral
RESURF devices. The increasing BV with IC spacing is
5 5
5.0
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$ 3.0
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2.0
1.5
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0.5
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v
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Vs. (V) [+VP nFJXT, -V, pFET]
Figure6. Experimental Rspvs V, for the nFET and PET.
assumed to be a form of enhanced field relief from a lower
concentration profile in the channel.
Figure 6 shows a comparison of measured Rsp vs V, data for
a p and n E T . The nFET has spacing ln=O.O p; the pFET
has spacings 1-0.5 pn and 1~0. 5 p. The dominance of
the channel region and its inferior inversion mobility is
indicative of the sharp increase in Rp for the PET. The
nFJ3Tby comparison looks relatively flat at low V,.
70
60
2 50
E
40
9
b.30
E
P, 20
10
0
100
80
h
a:
60
3
b 40
5
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
(b) nFET vds (mV)
Figure 7. h vs V, charactexistics for typical (a) pFET and (b) nFET axe
shown for the same devices featured in figure 6.
16.2.3
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h
v 8 1
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BV (V)
(b)
Figure S. Curve trawr photographs show BV, for (a) thepFET
and (b) fhz nFET The vertical scale IS set at lpA/dlv, and the
horizontal scale1 . 7 set at IOV/div.
Typical best result IV and BV characteristics for the devices
are shown in figures 7 and 8. At V,=15V and Va=350mV,
tds=60mA so 1<,=(5.83l2)~(0.466m cm2)=2.71 m0cm2 for
the pFET; and at V,=15V and V,h=150mV, I,=87mA so
Ksp=( I .72Q)x(0.391m-cm)=0.67 m12.cm2 for the nFET as
shown in figure 7a and 7b respectively. Figure 8 shows sharp
avalanche type BV&, to be 6OV for the pFET and 47V for the
nFET at Ick=l .OpA
Conclusion
Power devices in the 40V raiige exhibiting excellent
electrical performance and complcmentary functionality for
switching applications have been manufactured in a
production submicron technology. These devices show very
competitive performance as can be seen in comparison to
previously published work shown for reference (5 ~(6)d7)48)7(g) in
figure 9. This IS the first modular submicron VLSI process
reported to have a competitive power CMOS capability of
Figure9. Graph shows R+, vs BV for previously published values 00
lateral devices as compared to this work. Previous work is number
referenced according to decreasing BV.
this voltage and resistance range making it very useful for
intelligent driver markets. These devices will be able to take
advantage of the 0 . 8 ~ minimum feature size offered by the
PRISMprocess.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Sleve Sutton and Steve IIatch for
supporting the addition of these devices to the PRISM
technology. We also thank Larry Latham, Steve Kwan, and
Mike Smayling for technical input, review, and approval,
and very greatly appreciate theoutstanding technical support
provided by Margie Campbell, Reba DeBruhl, Charlie Do,
Doyle Jackson, Micheal Ogrady, and Lloyd Salter.
PRISM, Texas Instruments Technical J ournal (ddicnted issue), 1994,
Vol. 1 1, No.2
)M. Smayling, J. Reynolds, D. Redwine, S. Keller, and G. Fallessi, A
MODULAR MERGED TECHNOLOGY PROCESS INCLUDING
SUBMICRON CMOS LOGIC, NONVOLATILE MEMORIES, LINEAR
FUNCTIONS, AND POWER COMPONENTS, IEEE CICC, 1993,
pp.24.5.1-24.5.4
13)T. Efland, et al., AN OPTIMIZED RESIJ RF LDMOS POWER DEVICE
MODULE COMPATIBLE WITH ADVANCED LOGIC PROCESSES,
IEDM, 1992, pp.237-240
4J.A. A pl s and H.M.J. Vaes, HIGH VOLTAGE THIN LAYER DEVICES
(RS Wrathall, et al., CHARGE CONTROLLED 80 VOLT LATERAL
DESIGNED FOR AN INTEGRATED POWER PROCESS, IEDM, 1990,
O.Kwon, et al., OPTIMIZED 60V LATERAL DMOS DEVICE FOR VLSI
POWER APPLICATIONS, VLSI Technology Symp, 1991, pp.115-116
M.Hos~~, et al., TOW ON-RESISTANCE POWER LDMOSFET USING
DOUBLE METAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, ISPSD, 1991, pp.61-64
@.Mei, et al.. A HIGH PERFORMANCE 30V EXTENDED DRAIN
RESURF CMOS DEVICE FOR VLSI INTELLIGENT POWER
APPLICATIONS, V U1 Technology Symp, 1994, pp.81-82
9M. Morikawa, et al., A 30V 75 mR.irud POWER MOSFET FOR
INTELLIGENT DRIVER LSIs, ISPSD, 1992, pp.150-154
(RESURF DEVICES), IEDM, 1979, pp.238-241
DMOSFET WITH VERY LOW SPECIFIC ON-RESISTANCE
pp.954-957
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