293 (c) The Total peak load evaporation of a boiler shall be calculated on the basis of

evaporation not less than 30 kg/hr./m

2
of heating surface (exclusive of superheater and
nonsteaming economiser). !n the case of "aste #eat $oilers% ho&ever% &hen the
evaporation per s'uare meter of the heating surface is certified b( the manufacturers to be
less than 30 kg. the minimum number of safet( valves re'uired ma( be calculated on the
basis of the actual maximum evaporation of the boiler.
29) b) Economiser Safety Valves * The area of the discharge pipe from an economiser
safet( valve shall be at least t&ice the area of the valve seating.

Where the discharge from several economiser safety valves is connected to the
main discharge pipe, the diameter of the main discharge pipe shall be designed to
prevent accumulation of pressure due to the formation of steam under the
particular conditions of temperature and pressure which may be applicable.
3+0. Steel Pipes:- The maximum &orking pressure allo&ed on steel pipes shall be
determined b( the follo&ing formula*

(a) (a) "here the outside diameter is the basis for calculation.
(b) (b)"here the inside diameter is the basis for calculation.

&here%
t , -inimum thickness%
"... , -inimum &orking pressure%
f , /llo&able stress determined on the follo&ing basis*
(i) 0or temperatures at or belo& 1+1
2
3% lo&est stress to produce rupture at the
temperature the lo&er of the follo&ing t&o values*

(ii) for temperatures above 1+1
2
3% the least of the follo&ing three values*



&here%
t , &orking metal temperature%
4 , minimum tensile strength of the steel at room temperature%
5t , 6ield point (0.27 proof stress at the temperature)%
8c ,The average stress to produce an elongation of 97 (creep) in 900%000
hours at temperature t%
84 , The average stress to produce rupture in 900%000 hours at the temperature
and in no case more than 9.33 times the lo&est stress to produce rupture at the
temperature%
:,;utside diameter of pipe
d, !nside diameter of pipe
f , /llo&able stress as provided under 4egulation 2<9
e , 5fficienc( factor%

, 9.0 for seamless and for electric resistance &elded steel pipes and for electric
fusion &elded steel pipes compl( &ith the re'uirements of 3hapter !! in &hich the
&eld is full( radiographed or ultrasonicall( tested

, 0.9+ for electric fusion &elded steel pipes compl(ing &ith the re'uirements of
3hapter !!%

, 0.90 for &elded steel pipes for values of t up to and including 22 mm%
, 0.)+ for &elded steel pipes for values of t over 22 mm and up to and
including
, 0.)0 for &elded steel pipes for values of over 29 mm%

=ote* !n case 8c values are not available in -aterial 8tandard and such materials are
kno&n to have been used in boilers in !ndia or abroad% then for such materials the
allo&able stress ma( be taken as the lo&er of

3>0. Joint- (a) These 4egulations provide for ordinar( bolted flange ?oints. 8pecial
t(pes of ?oints ma( be used% sub?ect to the approval of the 3hief !nspector.

@ A AA(b) /rc &elded butt ?oints of pipes or socket &elded ?oints for pipes% valves and
fitting shall be made b( metallic shielded arc process and post &eld heat treated
effectivel( except in the follo&ing cases.

0or 3arbon steel
(i) The nominal &all thickness in case of butt ?oints does not exceed 20 mm or
carbon content does not exceed 0.2+ 7B
(ii) The throat thickness of fillet &eld for socket &elded ?oints or other t(pes of
?oints does not exceed 20 mm or carbon content does not exceed 0.2+ 7.

=ote. !n case of carbon content for above cases lies bet&een 0.2+ 7 C 3 C 0.3 7% the
."#T is not re'uired for maximum thickness of 9 mm.

0or /llo( steel
(i) !n case of 0.+ -ol(bdenum steel% if the thickness does not exceed 93 mm and
outside diameter does not exceed 92< mm and for an( fillet &elds% the throat
diameter does not exceed 93 mm.
(ii) !n case of 9 3hromium and 9/2 -ol(bdenum steel% if the thickness does not
exceed 93 mm and outside diameter does not exceed 92< mm and preheated
to 92+23 and for an( fillet &elds if the throat thickness does not exceed 93
mm.
(iii) !n case of 29/1 3hromium 9 -ol(bdenum steel% post &eld heat treatment is
not mandator( under the follo&ing conditions.

9)a maximum specified 3hromium content of 3.0 7.
2) a maximum nominal outside diameter of 902 mm.
3) a maximum thickness of 93 mm.
1) a maximum specified carbon content of 0.9+ 7.
+) a minimum preheat temperature of 9+023.
>) a maximum throat thickness of 93 mm in case fillet &eld.

-ethod of #eat Treatment *

9) 0or carbon steel% a stress relieving heat treatment shall be performed b( heating the
part to at least >00D2023.

"hen re'uired b( the characteristics of the material% different temperatures ma( be
necessar( to obtain proper stress relieving. The part to be stress relieved shall be brought
slo&l( up to the specified temperature and held at that temperature for a period
proportionate on the basis of at least 29/2 minutes per millimetre of the maximum
thickness of the part (approximatel( one hour per t&ent( five millimetres of thickness)
and shall be left to cool in the furnace to a temperature &hich% for parts &ith thickness
greater than 20 millimetres% does not exceed 10023. /fter &ithdra&al from the furnace%
the part shall be allo&ed to cool in a still atmosphere.

/ temperaturetime diagram of the stress relieving process shall be provided &hen the
!nspecting /uthorit( re'uires it.

2) 0or allo( steel a stress relieving heat treatment shall be carried out on the basis of the
composition of the allo( as sho&n in the table belo&*

Table
T(pe of steel 4ange of temperature
Time at the temperature per 2+
mm of thickness of the plate
9 3r 9/2 -o
9/2 3r 9/2 -o
>2023 >+023 9 hour (9 hr. min.)
9 3r 9/2 -o
9.9/1 3r 9/2 -o
>2023 >>023 9 hour (9 hr. min.)
2.9/1 3r 9 -o >2+23 <+023 9 hour (9 hr. min.)

=ote* This &ide range for the post &eld heat treatment temperature is necessar( because
of the marked dependence of the mechanical properties of this steel on the tempering
temperature. !n production a definite temperature &ith a tolerance of D2023 &ould be
selected to ensure that the mechanical properties upon &hich the design &as based are in
face achieved.

#eat treatment shall be carried out b( one of the follo&ing methods*

(i) Eocal heating using portable muffle induction coil or other suitable heating
appliance. .articular care shall be taken to appl( heat uniforml( over the area
to be treated. The use of procedure that does not provide ade'uate control for
this purpose% such as manual operation of gas torches% is not permissible. The
temperature shall be maintained s(mmetricall( over peripheral band of metal
of a minimum &idth of three times the &idth of the butt&elded preparation.
The temperature shall be measured b( thermocouples% pinned% &elded or
other&ise suitabl( attached to the surface of the pipe and% &here necessar(%
protected from flame impingement.

(ii) #eating in stationar( furnace* The temperature of the ?oint shall be
measured b( the thermocouples so disposed &ithin the furnace as to give a
true measure of the ?oint temperature.

!n case the materials made to the foreign codes or standards are accepted%
under regulation 3(2)(i)% the method of heat treatment shall confirm to that
specified in the codes and standards.

(c) 8uch $utt&elded ?oints conform to 0ig. 2).

A(d) Test on completed &elds on .ipelines.

(9) lassification

0or the purpose of tests% pipelines shall be divided into t&o classes*

lass !. .ipelines for service conditions in &hich an( one of the foregoing limits is
exceeded.

:esign temperature 29)
2
3 (12+20)
:esign .ressure 9<.> Fg/cm
2
(2+0 lbs. /s'. in.)
0eed &ater 21.> Fg/cm
2
(3+0 lbs/s'. in.)

lass !!" .ipelines for service conditions in &hich none of the foregoing limits is
exceeded.

(2) !dentification of welds

The "elders identification mark shall be stamped &ithout indentation% or stencilled
ad?acent to each completed &eld.

(3) (3)#ests for lass ! Pipelines

(i)"here the completed pipelines are not sub?ected to h(draulic test*
"here the completed pipelines are not tested b( the application of h(draulic pressure%
the &elds shall be
sub?ected to the follo&ing inspection procedure.
PG-61.5 A forced-flow steam generator with no fixed
steam and waterline shall be provided with a source
of feeding capable of supplying water to the boiler at
a pressure not less than the expected maximum sustained
pressure at the boiler inlet, as determined by the boiler
Manufacturer, corresponding to operation at maximum
designed steaming capacity with maximum allowable
working pressure at the super heater outlet.