0 penilaian0% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (0 suara)
46 tayangan6 halaman
The electric power industry's thought leaders have wanted to believe one type of generation system could fulfill virtually all their companies' needs. Small coal-fired plants close to load centers dominated in the early years, about a century ago. As plants grew in size and number to accommodate burgeoning electrical demand, air pollution became an issue.
The electric power industry's thought leaders have wanted to believe one type of generation system could fulfill virtually all their companies' needs. Small coal-fired plants close to load centers dominated in the early years, about a century ago. As plants grew in size and number to accommodate burgeoning electrical demand, air pollution became an issue.
The electric power industry's thought leaders have wanted to believe one type of generation system could fulfill virtually all their companies' needs. Small coal-fired plants close to load centers dominated in the early years, about a century ago. As plants grew in size and number to accommodate burgeoning electrical demand, air pollution became an issue.
Six plants to receive Pacesetter Plant Award 2007 Pacesetter Plant Award S ince Thomas Edisons time, the electric power indus- trys thought leaders have wanted to believe that one type of generation system could fulfill virtually all their compa- nies needs. Group think was that a standard system would mini- mize plant design, construction, and O&M costs, and enable power pro- duction at rock-bottom rates. The benefit to an economy propelled by low-cost electricity was obvious. Those new to the industry may not be aware that small coal-fired plants close to load centers dominated in the early years, about a century ago. Wood and water power also played a significant role then, where and when available. As plants grew in size and number to accommodate burgeon- ing electrical demand, air pollution became an issue, and in the late 1930s and early 1940s many inner- city plants converted to oil. It didnt take much time to realize that oil was not the long-term answer. GT-based powerplants grow in stature; favored option for new generation T he COMBINED CYCLE Journal recognizes, in particular, the accomplishments of the following six gas-turbine based generating facilities installed in 2006 with the magazines Pacesetter Plant Award: n SCS Energy LLCs Astoria Energy, for foster- ing an environment that rewarded engineer- ing innovation in the design and construction of a 500-MW combined-cycle plant which otherwise might not have been economical to build (Fig 1). n Michigan State Universitys T B Simon Power Plant, for assuring MSU an adequate supply of clean, reliable energy, independent of grid support if necessary, by upgrading and expanding onsite facilities (Fig 2). n San Diego Gas & Electric Cos Palomar Ener- gy Center, for providing the leadership and methodology to support the redeployment of central stations in urban load centers (Fig 3). n Riverside Public Utilities Energy Resource Center, for the design of a zero-liquid-dis- charge system that has demonstrated its ability to satisfy the often conflicting goals of regulatory compliance and affordable capital and operating costs (Fig 4). n Northern Border Recovered Energy Project, for demonstrating the technology and know- how to recover as electricity thermal energy contained in the exhaust from gas-turbine- based pipeline compressor stations that formerly was vented to atmosphere (Fig 5). n Austin Energys Dell Childrens Medical Cen- ter Integrated Energy System, for an innova- tive micro grid that assures quality power and energy services 24/7 to a critical health- care facility in the event of grid failure (Fig 6). 1. Astoria Energy 2. T B Simon Power Plant 3. Palomar Energy Center 4. Riverside Public Utilities 5. Northern Border 6. Dell Childrens Medical Center COMBINED CYCLE JOURNAL, Fourth Quarter 2006 73 T he biggest thing in the Texas energy business these days may be one of the smallest its name aside. A 4.3-MW combined heat and power (CHP) facil- ity for the Dell Regional Childrens Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, is the Little Big Man of the states generation sector (Figs 1, 2). The constructive thinking it exem- plifieshighly efficient and reli- able energy supply, low emissions, and grid independenceis in sharp contrast to that exhibited in Dal- las-based TXU Corps plan to build, within four years, 8600 MW of new Dell Childrens Medical Center Integrated Energy System Austin, Tex Austin Energy CHP offers critical facility grid independence Electric chiller package Decorative wall Gas turbine/HRSG Medical office building Chilled-water storage tank 1. Austin Energys CHP plant is viewed from the medical center that it will serve. The facility is located on the hospitals grounds 74 COMBINED CYCLE JOURNAL, Fourth Quarter 2006 coal-fired capacity at nine power- plants. For its innovative approach in assuring quality power and energy services 24/7 to a critical healthcare facility, the Dell Childrens Medical Center Integrated Energy System was selected to receive the COM- BINED CYCLE Journals 2007 Pac- esetter Plant Award. That two members of the Class of 2006Dell and Michigan State Uni- versityhave installed CHP facilities to mitigate the risks to health and safety of grid failure illustrates the VIBXPERT
a most powerful data collector.
Automated fault detection provides a visual indication when a fault is present. Breakthrough technologies such as 102,400 lines of spectrum resolution, 256MB compact flash storage (up to 1 Gigabyte optional), order spectrum, phase, cepstrum, cross-channel phase, orbits, run-up and coast-down and signal post processing make the VIBXPERT
a powerful tool whether in the hands of a
novice or the most advanced expert. Vibration Analysis LUDECA, INC. (305) 591-8935 www.ludeca.com CCIs unique Valve Doctor approach and application knowledge provide long term solutions for attemperator problems in combined cycle power plants. www.ccivalve.com 949.858.1877 Combine Cycle Journal Handbook A1 1 8/28/06 6:48:58 PM
Decorative screen hides cooling tower Gas turbine/HRSG Medical office building Chilled-water storage tank
Gas-turbine package GT exhaust duct Bypass stack HRSG stack 2. Screen wall on the street side of the CHP plant is for aesthetics only; noise is not an issue. Note architectural screen around the gas-turbine/HRSG enclosure (at left alongside medical building) and around the fan deck of the cooling tower serving the electric chiller (above) 3. Gas turbine served in peaking service last summer, venting exhaust through the bypass stack (right) COMBINED CYCLE JOURNAL, Fourth Quarter 2006 75 grave concerns knowledgeable energy consumers have about the adequacy of the nations transmission and dis- tribution infrastructure. The plan for Dell, which will begin supplying steam, chilled water, and electricity to the hospital when it opens at mid year, is to operate in parallel with the grid and sell excess power to it. If a grid problem is sensed by its state-of-the-art control system, an automatic disconnect is activated and the facility transitions seam- lessly to the island mode. The CHP plant, owned and oper- ated by Austin Energy (AE), one of the nations most progressive munici- pal utilities, entered service last summer as a simple-cycle peaking facility. Commissioning of its ther- mal systems is now underway. Cliff Braddock, director of energy business development for AE, says the Mercury 50 gas turbine (GT) from Solar Turbines Inc, San Diego, per- forms well and the machines 38.5% simple-cycle efficiency makes it com- petitive with grid-supplied power (Sidebar, Figs 3, 4). The engine is equipped with a recuperator; also, its advanced combustor precludes the need for an SCR (selective catalytic combustion system). Braddock adds that the carbon- emissions footprint of the CHP sys- tem is 40% less than the balance of Austin Energys powerplant fleet, and that NO x and SO 2 are signifi- cantly below the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality thresh- olds. This project demonstrates that Recuperator Compressor (10 stages) Combustor (ultra-lean premix type) Turbine (two stages) Air diverter valve 4. Mercury 50 is a single-shaft recuperated engine. Its 10-stage axial com- pressor has variable inlet guide vanes and stators; compression ratio is 9.9:1. The ultra-lean premix combustion system is equipped with eight fuel injectors and a torch ignition system. Turbine is two- stage and recuperator is of Alloy 625 construction 76 COMBINED CYCLE JOURNAL, Fourth Quarter 2006 a CHP system can cohabitate in an urban environment without prob- lems related to noise or emissions, he continues. We are especially proud that Keep Austin Beautiful, the local affiliate of the Keep America Beautiful program, has selected this CHP system in its Industrial Lead- ership category for 2007 because of the facilitys positive impact on the community. Heres a bullet-point summary of AEs experience with the Mercury 50 in the second half of 2006: n Summer dispatch was Monday to Friday; typically noon to 8 pm. On days with especially high demand, the unit ran until 10 or 11 in the evening. n Total number of operating hours in 2006 was between 400 and 500. n Fewer than a half-dozen trips while starting, none charged to the GT; it started trouble-free. The few spurious trips were caused by problems either with the enclo- sure fire protection system or the fuel-gas compressor. n Only a couple of trips at load occurred and those because of gas- compressor pressure fluctuations. A software revision corrected the root cause of the problem. n Operators speak favorably about the machine, citing reliability, quietness, and excellent technical assistance from the OEM. AE believes the CHP plant will prove itself the most efficient way for the company to burn gas. The utility has significant GT operating experi- ence for comparison purposes, own- ing four enhanced-SPRINT-equipped LM6000s and a 1 1 7FA-powered combined cycle. The overall efficiency of the CHP moduleincluding the GT, heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG), and absorption chiller coin- cident load is estimated by designers at more than 70%. Interestingly, Austins GT pack- age did not come equipped with an inlet-air cooling system, but one is under serious consideration. Reason is that on a 100F day, chilling to
Gas-turbine package GT exhaust duct Bypass damper Heat-recovery steam generator 5. Circular duct allows Mercury 50s exhaust to vent to atmosphere via a bypass stack or to produce steam by routing it through the HRSG Profiling the Mercury 50 The Mercury 50 was developed by Solar Turbines Inc, San Diego, in a cooperative effort with the US Dept of Energy to design gas-turbine systems for the 21 st century that would be more efficient and have a more favorable emissions profile than equipment previously available. The first production engine was installed at the Veter- ans Administration Hospital in La Jolla, Calif, in Novem- ber 2004, where it reportedly is meeting all expectations. Serial No. 2 is installed at the Dell Childrens Medical Center in Austin. Solar reports that other units are operat- ing at universities, hospitals, utilities, and industrial/com- mercial facilities worldwide. Nominal performance of the engine, assuming opera- tion on natural gas at ISO conditions and no inlet or exhaust losses: output, 4.6 MW; heat rate, 8863 Btu/kWh; exhaust flow, 140,400 lb/hr; exhaust temperature, 710F. Guaranteed emissions on natural gas and without an SCR (selective catalytic reduction system): 5 ppm NO x , 10 ppm CO. The Dell installation demonstrates that opera- tion at 3 ppm NO x and 2 ppm CO is possible. 2 Diverter damper Bypass stack Main stack Main stack Economizer Steam drum Support structure EPA ports Mud drum Duct burners Gas-turbine exhaust duct 6. Heat-recovery steam generator supplied by Rentech Boiler Systems Inc, Abilene, produces 12,000 lb/hr of 130-psig saturated steam unfired, 22,000 lb/hr fired. About 60% of the steam produced is used by the absorption chiller, remainder for process (kitchen, sterilization, etc) COMBINED CYCLE JOURNAL, Fourth Quarter 2006 77 50F picks up more than a megawatt. Thats huge for a 4.3-MW engine. Ed Mardiat, director of CHP development, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, the packaged plant integrator for Dell, points out that this is one of the first CHP facilities in Texas to generate primary power with the grid supplying the back-upfrom two independent substations. The plants HRSG (Figs 5, 6), 1500-ton packaged electric chiller, auxiliary boiler, 1500-kW emer- gency generator, 950-ton absorption chiller, and chilled-water storage tank with 8000 ton-hr of capac- ity are integrated in a manner that maximizes efficiency, operational flexibility, and reliability of services to the hospital and the overall cam- pus district cooling system (Fig 7). The control system permits remote monitoring and operation from an offsite location. Mardiat is passionate about the importance of having utility systems serving critical-care facilities up and running 24/7 and fully 100% of the time. He points to the experiences of 9/11, the Northeast blackout in 2003, the Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2005, and other events as proof of need. The old emergency-generator para- digm no longer applies, he adds. And grid independence is not just for hospitals, Mardiat continues. It applies to universities, airports, data centers, and other critical facilities as well. Power quality is particularly important. Once healthcare facili- ties convert to fully automated medi- cal records, RFID/barcode-scan drug deliveries, computerized physician order entry, etc, he points out, health- care stops if the lights go out. CCJ
A u x i l i a r y
b o i l e r S u r g e
t a n k
D e a e r a t o r
A b s o r p t i o n
c h i l l e r 7. Spared equipment ensures reliable operation of the CHP facility under a wide range of conditions. For example, auxiliary boiler provides heat if the GT/ HRSG train is out of service. Absorption chiller is used under normal circum- stances, the electric chiller when steam is not available or additional cooling is necessary Speed Heating Applications: Turbine Horizontal Joints Main Steam Valves Boiler Feed Pumps Loop Stop Isolation Valves Stop/Reheat Valves Reactor Coolant Pumps www.speedboltheating.com Power House Tool Inc. 626 Nicholson Street, Joliet, IL 60435 Phone: 815 727-6301 Fax: 815 727-4835 www.powerhousetool.com JNT Technical Services Inc. 85 Industrial Avenue Little Ferry, New Jersey 07643 Phone: 201 641-2130 Fax: 201 641-2309 www.jnt-tech-serv.com SH Controller Ad 3.375x4.875.ind1 1 9/15/06 12:40:36 PM The pneumatically powered ESCO Millhog Tube Fin Removal Tool removes fins from the tube O.D. quickly and easily. The standard tool removes 4 in. of fin in less than two minutes and bevels the tube end all in the same step. Other features of the tool include: no reaction torque to operator, easy to use, helps reduce outage time. Esco Tool, 50 Park St., Medfield, MA 02052 Tel: 800-343-6926, 508-359-4311 Fax: 508-359-4145 E-mail: millhog@escotool.com Please visit our website at www.escotool.com
Hybridizing Gas Turbine With Battery Energy Storage: Performance and Economics N. W. Miller, V. Kaushik, J. Heinzmann, J. Frasier General Electric Company, Southern California Edison Company USA