1

The Side Drainage Analysis and Design Report (Mr Wei,QQ 345862750)
1.0 Applicability
1) The Analysis and Design Report is used for the Stone Masonry Side Drainage;
Figure1-1 Stone Masonry Side Drainage Dimensions (units: m)
Standards
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4th Edition, 2007.
Specification For Masonary Structure (ACI 530-05/ASCE 5-05/TMS 402-05).
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL -2002 (EAR)
1.2Major Dimension
h =height of Section A-A= 0.8 m = 800 mm
f'c =Specified Compressive Strength of Masonry= 35 MPa
Em=modulus of elasticity of mosonry in compression 25000 MPa
r=b=radius of gyration= 420 (mm) = 0.42 m
I
n
=moment of inertia of gross cross-sectional area
of a member=1/12*1*b^3= 0.006174
m
4
6174000000
mm
4
Area=0.42*1.0= 0.336
m
2
Q=first moment about the neutral axis of a section of that portion of the cross section
lying between the neutral axis and extreme fiber=(1/8)*1*b^2=
22050000
mm
3
Figure1-1 Section A-A (units: m)
2.0Loads
2.1DC-Dead Load Structural Load
Figure2-1 DC Model (units: m)
P
DC Slap
=0.5*0.1556*25*1= 1.945 kN/m
2
P
DC wall
=0.42*0.8*24*1= 8.064 kN/m
2.2EH - Horizontal Earth Pressure
Figure2-2 EH Model (units: mm)
The soil extends to the foundation with the following properties:

s
= 20
kN/m
3

f
= 28.3
Active earth pressure coefficient for cohesionless soils:
0.357
The lateral earth pressure is assumed to be linearly proportional to the depth of earth and taken as:
[LRFD 3.11.5.1-1]
Where,
p =lateral earth pressure (MPa)
=density of soil (kN/m
3
)
z=depth below the surface of earth (mm)
P
1
=
0.357*20*0.8*(10
-3)
=
0.00571
kN/m
2
P
H1
= 0.00228 kN/m
e
long1
=0.4H= 0.32 m
M
long1
=P
H1
*e
long1
= 0.00073 kN*m/m
2.3 Live Load Surcharge [LRFD 3.6.1.2.5]
Figure2-3 Live Load Surcharge Model (units: m)
A live load surcharge shall be applied where a vehicular load is expected to act on the surface of the backfill
within a distance equal to one-half the wall height behind the back face of the wall. [LRFD 3.11.6.4]
h =equivalent height of soil for vehicular load (mm).In this design,for Height=800(mm)<1500mm,
use, h
eq
= 1200 mm 1.2 m [LRFD Table 3.11.6.4-1
W
L
= heq*s= 24
kN/m
2
p = k
a
W
L
h = 6.85
kN/m
2
2
(45 / 2) = =
a f
k tg
=
a s
p k z
s

1
1
( )
2
PH =
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
3
P
H
= p*h= 5.48 kN/m
e= 0.40 m
M
long
= P
H
*e= 2.19 kN*m/m
Table 2.1 unfactored axial loads and moments for Section A-A
P
(kN)
M
(kN*m)
P
(kN)
M
(kN*m)
EH 0.00228 0.00073
LS 5.48 2.19
P
DC Slap
1.95 0
P
DC wall
8.06 0
3.0Load combinations
STRENGTH I
Max=1.25DC+1.75LS+1.5EH
Table 3.1-1 Factored axial loads and moments for Section A-A
P
(kN)
M
long
(kN*m)
N
(kN)
M
long
(kN*m)
EH 0.00343 0.00110
LS 9.60 3.84
P
DC Slap
2.43 0.00
P
DC wall
10.08 0.00
9.5996 3.840 2.431 0.00
4.0Axial compression and flexure [ACI 2.2.3]
4.1Members subjected to axial compression,flexure,or to combined axial compression and flexure shall
be designed to satisfy Eq.(2-10) and Eq.(2-11).
[ACI Eq.(2-10)]
[ACI Eq.(2-11)]
Where :
For members having an h/r ratio not greater than 99:
f
a
--calculated compressive stress in masonry due to axial load only (Mpa)
f
b
--calculated compressive stress in masonry due to flexure only (Mpa)
P
e
--Euler buckling load (N)
f
a
=N/A= 7.2
f
b
= 0.0
In this design, h/r=0.8/0.42 1.9 < 99
[ACI Eq.(2-12)]
F
a
= 8.7
[ACI Eq.(2-14)]
F
b
= 11.7
Vertical Horizontal
Load
Load
Horizontal Vertical

1
a b
a b
f f
F F
+
1
( )
4
e
P P
' 2
(1/ 4) [1 ( ) ]
140
a m
h
F f
r
=
'
1
3
b m
F f =
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
4
0.8 < 1.0 O.K.
P
e
--Euler buckling load (N)
e=M/N= 0
2380270999 N
595067750 N > 2431.3 N O.K.
5.0 Shear
5.1Shear stresses due to forces acting in the direction considered shall be computed in accordance with Eq.(2-
[ACI Eq.(2-16)]
where:
V=shear force (N) 9599.6 N
f
v
=calculated shear stress in masonry (MPa)
0.0816 MPa < 0.827 MPa O.K.
5.2 In -plane shear stresses shall not exceed any of: [ACI 2.2.5.2]
(a)
(b) 827 kPa
8.87 MPa > 0.0816 Mpa O.K.
a b
a b
f f
F F
+ =
2
3
2
(1 0.577 )
m n
e
E I e
P
h r

=
e
P =
1
4
e
P =
v
n
VQ
f
I b
=
v
f =
'
1.5
m
f
'
1.5
m
f =
v
f =
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO
0AO 0AO