Helical Gears
Chapter Objectives
1. Descri be the vari ous parameters of a hel i cal gear.
2. Desi gn a hel i cal gear after taki ng i nto account the
vi rtual number of teeth, the tooth l oad and the
di fferent strengths.
26-1 INTRODUCTION
Moti on through hel i cal gears can be transmi tted between paral l el
shafts, non-paral l el shafts, and noni ntersecti ng shafts. A pai r of
paral l el hel i cal gears i s used on paral l el shaft and crossed hel i cal
gears are used on non-paral l el shafts. For the generati on of a spur-
gear tooth, a pl ane rol l s on a base ci rcl e, and the edge of the pl ane i s
a strai ght l i ne paral l el to the axi s of the cyl i nder, when thi s pl ane
rol l s or unwraps from the cyl i nder edge and a poi nt on edge traces
an i nvol ute. In the case of hel i cal gear, the edge of the pl ane i s
i ncl i ned to the axi s of the base cyl i nder. As the generati ng pl ane
unwraps and becomes taut, the hori zontal pl ane edge becomes a
strai ght l i ne, curved surface bounded i s an i nvol ute hel i coi d, and
i t forms the surface of the tooth of a hel i cal gear (See Fi g. 26-1).
When a pai r of paral l el hel i cal gears mesh, the fol l owi ng
condi ti ons must be sati sfi ed for proper meshi ng and runni ng of the
set:
1. Gears must have hel i x angl es of equal val ue.
2. Gear teeth of each member, that i s, pi ni on and gear,
must have the same modul e.
3. Gear teeth of each member must have opposi te hel i ces; If
one gear has ri ght-handed hel i cal teeth, then other gear
must have l eft-handed hel i cal teeth.
Fi gure 26-1 Surface of the tooth of a hel i cal gear
In a hel i cal gear, i ni ti al contact i s a poi nt whi ch gradual l y
changes i nto a l i ne as engagement proceeds. This line of contact is a
diagonal across the face and flank of the tooth.
Fi gure 26-2 shows a hel i cal gear wi th hel i x angl e . Hel i x angl e
i s the angl e whi ch the tooth trace of a hel i cal gear i n the pi tch
pl ane makes wi th the gear axi s. Thi s i ncl i nati on to the gear axi s
vari es al ong wi th the i nvol ute, as i t ori gi nates from the base
cyl i nder and devel ops outwards. In general , hel i x angl e refers onl y
to the hel i x angl e at the pi tch cyl i nder.
PREV
25 - Gears
NEXT
27 - Straight Bevel G
Machine Design
Recent
Topics
Highlights
Settings
Keyboard Shortcuts
Feedback
Sign Out
Settings
days left in your trial. Subscribe.
Feedback
Sign Out
Fi gure 26-2 Hel i cal angl e
Spur gears make noi se duri ng operati on due to sudden contact
between gear teeth at the ti me of engagement, but hel i cal gears
devel ops gradual contact between gear teeth extendi ng from one
edge of the tooth to the other edge, on the opposi te si de of face wi dth.
Thi s gradual engagement provi des smooth and noiseless operation
wi th hi gher effi ci ency than spur gears.
Hel i cal gears offer consi derabl e advantage for hi gh-speed and
heavy-duty gear dri ves.
A meshi ng hel i cal gear pai r has greater contact rati o than a
correspondi ng spur-gear pai r. Fri cti onal forces, whi ch are
generated due to mutual sl i di ng of teeth surfaces before and after
the pi tch poi nt, are consi derabl y reduced. Due to greater contact
ratio, l esser fri cti onal forces are devel oped. The deteri mental effects
are comparati vel y smal l er i n case of reversi bl e dri ve and i mpact-
type servi ce condi ti ons. The basi c rack for spur and hel i cal gears i s
the same. For normal appl i cati ons, hel i x angl e l i es between 8 to
20 degrees.
Hel i x angl e shoul d not cross 20 to avoi d a l arge resul tant axi al
thrust. On the l ower si de, shoul d not be l ess then 8 as otherwi se
the advantages offered by hel i cal gears become margi nal .
26-2 PARAMETERS OF AHELICAL GEAR
Fi gure 26-3 shows a hel i cal gear wi th hel i x angl e , transverse
pi tch, AB = .
Secti on al ong transverse pl ane TT shows transverse pressure angl e,
.
Transverse pi tch = P
Secti on al ong normal pl ane (normal to tooth surface) shows:
In the tri angl e ABC, AB = transverse pi tch
AC = normal pi tch,
= cos
n
n
Fi gure 26-3 Secti on at TT
Normal modul e, m = mcos, where m i s transverse modul e.
In tri angl e ABD:
There are two pressure angl es, transverse pressure angl e and
normal pressure angl e, .
Normal pressure angl e i s usual l y 20.
Centre di stance between pi ni on and gear:
Speed rati o between hel i cal gears i s gi ven by:
For smooth operati on of hel i cal gears, l eadi ng edge of the tooth
shoul d be advanced ahead of the trai l i ng edge by a di stance greater
than the ci rcul ar pi tch or the transverse pi tch. In Fi g. 26-3:
For tooth i n hel i cal gear, di mensi ons are:
n
n
Addendum ci rcl e di ameter:
Dedendum ci rcl e di ameter:
Normal modul es are sel ected from standards. The fi rst
preference val ues of normal modul e are 1 mm, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4,
5, 6, 8 and 10 mm.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Exampl e 26-1 A pai r of hel i cal gears consi sts of a pi ni on of 20
teeth and gear of 50 teeth. Hel i x angl e for gears i s 15 and normal
pressure angl e i s 20. If the normal modul e of gear teeth i s 4 mm,
cal cul ate: (a) transverse modul e, (b) transverse pressure angl e, (c)
addendum and dedendum ci rcl e di ameters of both pi ni on and gear,
and (d) mi ni mum wi dths of gears for smooth operati on.
Sol uti on:
Number of teeth on pi ni on, Z = 20
Number of teeth as gear, Z = 50
Pressure angl e = 20
Hel i x angl e = 15
Normal modul e, m = 4 mm
1. Transverse modul es, m =
2. Transverse pressure angl e, :
3. Pi tch ci rcl e di ameter of pi ni on:
d = Z m
= 20 4.14 = 82.8mm
Pi tch ci rcl e di ameter of gear, d = Z m
= 50 4.14 = 207 mm
Normal modul e m = 4 mm
Addendum, h = 4 mm
Dedendum, h = 1.25m = 1.25 4 = 5 mm
Pi ni on
Addendum ci rcl e di ameter = 82.8 + 2 m
= 82.8 + 8 = 90.8mm
Dedendum ci rcl e di ameter = 82.8 2.5m
= 82.8 10 = 72.8
Gear
Addendum ci rcl e di ameter = 207 + 2m = 207 + 8 = 215 mm
Dedendum ci rcl e di ameter = 207 2.5m = 197mm
Mi ni mum wi dth of gear:
26-3 VIRTUAL NUMBER OF TEETH ONHELICAL GEARS
Fi gure 26-4 shows a hel i cal gear of pi tch ci rcl e di ameter, d, and
axi al breadth, b. Hel i x angl e i s . A hel i cal tooth at O i s al so shown.
A pl ane, NN, cuts the gear al ong a di recti on normal to the tooth.
p
g
n
n
p p
g g
n
a
d n
n
n
n
n
Enjoy Safari Flow? Subscribe Today
You have 10 days left in
your trial,
Ibraheem_khress.
Safari Flow is your trusted guide for building a
remarkable career. We hope you've been
enjoying your trialready to join?
Support(http://msupport.safaribooksonline.com/?prod=flow) /
Contact Us(http://www.safaribooksonline.com/contact) /
Blog(http://blog.safaribooksonline.com)
2014 Safari Books Online.
(http://www.safaribooksonline.com)
Terms of Service / Privacy Policy
Subscribe Today
PREV
25 - Gears
NEXT
27 - Straight Bevel G