Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils or

Faraday Law's Of Electromagnetic induction. When current in the primary

coil is changed the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes.
Consequently an EMF is induced in the secondary coil due to Faraday law's of
electromagnetic induction.




















Explanation
The transformer is based on two principles: first, that an electric current can
produce a magnetic field (electromagnetism), and, second that a changing
magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the
coil (electromagnetic induction). Changing the current in the primary coil
changes the magnetic flux that is developed. The changing magnetic flux
induces a voltage in the secondary coil.


A transformer is a device that makes use of Faradays law and the ferromagnetic properties of an
iron core to efficiently raise or lower AC voltages. It of course cannot increase power so that if the
voltage is raised, the current is proportionally lowered and vice versa. A transformer is a static
electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. A varying
current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core and thus a
varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding.
Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used in microphones to units hundreds of tones
interconnecting the power grid.
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
for the simple construction of a transformer, you must need two coils having mutual inductance and
a laminated steel core. The two coils having mutual inductance and a laminated steel core. The two
coils are insulated from each other and from the steel core. The device will also need some suitable
container for the assembled core and windings, a medium with which the core and its windings from
its container can be insulted.
In order to insulate and to bring n be done with the help of a light oatout the terminals of the
terminals of the windings from the tank, apt bushings that are made from either porcelain or
capacitor type must be used.
In all transformers that are used commercially, the core is made out of transformers sheet steel
laminations assembled to provide a continuous magnetic path with minimum of air-gaped included.
The steel should have high permeability and low hysteresisi loss. For this to happen the stell should
be made of high silicon content and must also be heat traeted. By effectively laminating the core ,
the eddy-current losses can be reduced. The lamination can be done with the help of a light coat of
core plate vamish or lay an oxide layer on the surface. For a frequency of 50 hetz , the thickness of
the lamination varies from 0.35mm to 0.5mm for frequency of 25 hertz.
These were the basic concepts and construction features of transforemers.
ques 2) can a transformer develop three phase power from a single phase source?
ans- NO.. Phase converters or phase shifting devices such as reactors and capacitors are required
to convert single phase power to three phase.
ques 3) What is meant by regulation in a transformer?
ans- Voltage regulation in transformers is the difference between the no load voltage and full load
voltage. This is usually expressed in terms of percentage.
ques 4) What is meant by impedance transformers?
ans- Impedance is the current limiting characteristics of a transformer and is expressed in
percentage.