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Female Reproduction
ANSC 1000
Introductory Animal Science
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
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Fig. 10.1
in Text
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
External genitalia
1.
2.
Vagina
1.
2.
3.
4.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
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Cervix
1.
2.
3.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
Uterus
1.
2.
Attachment begins on days...

3.
4.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
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Comparison of uterine body and horns
in farm animals
Oviduct
1.

2.

Infundibulum
1.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
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Ovaries
1.
2.
3.

Anatomy of Female Reproductive System

Uterus - Uterine Horns - Ovaduct - Ovaries
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Follicular Growth and Development
on the Ovary
General information
Oogonia

Follicular Growth and Development

Primary follicles

Secondary and tertiary

growing follicles

Growth following hormone stimulus...

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Follicular Growth and Development
Mature or Graafian
follicle

Ovulation

Growth following hormone stimulus...

Development of Corpus Luteum(CL)
Cells become a corpus
luteum.
Cells of CL produce

If animal is not
pregnant,
Following ovulation...
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Some terms to understand
Follicular

Luteal -

Luteolysis
Another look at changes on the ovary
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Female Reproductive Physiology
Identical to male
system:
GnRH =
FSH =
LH =
FSH + LH =
Shows several pituitary hormones
and their target organs.
Follicular growth stimulated by

Cells lining the antrum

Functions of estrogen...
Female Reproductive Physiology
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1.
2.
3.

4.
We will think of the mammary system as having two
types of tissue: (1) secretory tissue; (2) ducts &
cisterns
5.
Female Reproductive Physiology
Functions of estrogen...
When follicle is mature,
1.
2.
3.
Female Reproductive Physiology
Ovulation -- Follicle is growing, and estrogen
concentration in blood is increasing...
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1.

2.
3.
4.
Female Reproductive Physiology
Functions of progesterone...
Female Reproductive Physiology
Changes on the ovary & in blood hormones during the
estrous cycle
Figure
10.14
in text
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Figure
10.14
in text
Estrous Cycle Hormone Changes
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Overview of follicles, ovulation,
fertilization, cell division
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Compare Estrous Cycle to Menstrual Cycle
Estrous Cycles
Estrous cycle
Estrous
Estrus
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Types of Estrous Cycles
Monestrous -

Polyestrous -

Seasonally polyestrous
Mare -
Ewe -

Behavioral signs of estrus

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Species Comparisons
Species Estrous cycle
(days)
Duration of
estrus
Gestation
(days)
Cow 19-23 (21) 16-20 hr 283
Sow 19-23 (21) 1-3 days 114
Mare 10-37 (21) 4-6 days 336
Ewe 14-19 (17) 1-2 days 147
Parturition - Termination of Gestation
Controlled by hormones produced by both
fetus and dam
initiated by fetus
cervix dilates; pelvic ligaments relax
uterine muscles contract, generate pressure
Normal presentation
Fetuses of cow, mare, and ewe assume
position in which front feet are extended with
the head between them
Piglets do not orient themselves in any one
direction
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Parturition - Termination of Gestation
(cont.)
Dystocia - abnormal or difficult labor
Heavy birth weight of calf is major cause in
cattle
(Weight of calf in relation to pelvic size)
Age of cow (heifer vs. mature)
(Heifers have greater incidence of calving problems)
Abnormal presentation
(Rump first; head or leg folded back)