Subiecte cologviu engleza

The British Parliament

1. What does the British Parliament consist of?
The British Parliament is a bicameral legislature that performs the dual functio
n of participating in the legislative process and scrutinizing the activities of
the administration. It is an essential part of UK politics, consisting of sover
eign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
2. Which is the role of the two chambers?
The role of the two chambers is : making laws (legislation), checking the work o
f the government (scrutiny), and debating current issues. The House of Commons a
lso responsible for granting money to the government through approving Bills tha
t raise taxes. Generally the decisions made in one House have to be approved by
the other. In this way the two-chamber system acts as a check and balance for th
e both Houses.
3. Who can stand as a candidate in a UK Parliamentary General election?
To can stand as a candidate in a UK parliamentary General election a person must
to be at least 18 years old and also to be a British citizen, a citizen of the
Republic of Ireland or a citizen of a commonwealth country who doesnt require lea
ve to enter or remain in the UK, or at least indefinite leave to remain in the U
K
4. Who are the members of the House of Commons Commission ?
The members of the House of Commons Commission are: the Speaker of the House of
Commons Commission, the sitting members of the Commons (MPs) elected to the pos
ition of Speaker through a ballot of all MPs, the Leader of the House, the Shado
w Leader of the House and three backbench MPs from the three larges parties
5. Of how many types are the members of the House of Lords?
The members of the House of Lords are divided in three main categories
- Life Peers
- Bishops
- Elected hereditary Peers
and they are not elected.
6. Name a few routes to becoming a Member of the House of Loards
- Dissolution Honours it take place at the end of a Parliament, when a pee
rages can be given to MPs from all parties who are leaving the House of commons
- Resignation Honours it refers to the fact that resigning Prime Ministers
can recommend peerages for few fellow politicians, political advisors of others
who have supported them.
- Ad hoc announcements it refers to the fact that they are used to announc
e someone appointed as a Minister who is not already a Lord
7. Which is the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom?
The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal for civil cases in the UK and
for criminal cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
8. Who is not allow to stand as a candidate in general elections?
Is not allow to candidate to the follows:
- Member of police forces
- Members of armed forces
- Civil servant and judges
- People who are subject of bankruptcy restrictions order
- Aliens
- Convicted prisoners and people guilty of corrupt or illegal practices
Traduceri:
1. Parlamentul este organul representativ suprem al poporului roman si unic
a legiuitoare a tarii. Parlamentul este alcatuit din Camera Deputatilor si din S
enat
The parliament is the supreme representative body of Romanian people and the sol
legislative power. The parliament consist of Chamber of Deputies and Senate
2. Camera Deputatilor si Senatul sunt alese prin vot universal, egal, direc
t, secret si liber exprimat potrivit legii electorale.
The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall be elected by universal, equal, dir
ect and free expressed vote in conformity with electoral law.
3. Organizatiile cetatenilor apartinind minoritatilor nationale care nu int
runesc in alegeri numarul de voturi pentru a fi reprezentate in Parlament au dr
eptul la cite un loc de deputat in conditiile legii electorale. Cetatenii unei m
inoritati nationale pot fi reprezentati numai de o singura organizatie.
The citizen organization witch belong to national minorities who fail to obtain
in election the necessary numbers of votes to be represented in Parliament shal
l have the right to a deputy seat inconformity with electoral law. The citizen o
f a national minority may be represented by one organization only .
4. Numarul deputatilor si senatorilor se stabileste prin legea electorala i
n raport cu populatia tarii.
Camera Deputatilor si Senatul sunt alese pentru un mandat de 4 ani care se prelu
ngeste de drept in stare de mobilizare, de razboi, de asediu sau de urgenta.
The number of deputies and senators shall be established by the electoral law in
proportion with country population. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senat shall
be elected for a term of office of 4 years which shall be extended the jure in
the event of mobilization, war, siege or emergency
The Legal Profession
1. Are there any difference between a lawyer and an attorney at law?
The term lawyer is a general term denoting a licensed legal practitioner , that
covers both solicitors and barrister and the attorney is a lawyer qualified to r
epresent clients in legal proceedings in the US.
2. Does a lawyer differ from a solicitors or a barrister?.
The term lawyer is a general term. As a member of a legal profession, a lawyer has
to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in court or o
ther legal matters. Actually the legal profession in England is divided into two
main branches: solicitors and barristers.
3. What is a counsel?
When a solicitor instructs a barrister, he prepares a document known as instructi
ons to counsel or a brief to counsel. Therefore, a barrister is also referred to as
a counsel.
4. Which are the main branches of the legal profession in England and Wales
?
The main branches in England and Wales are the solicitors and the barristers.
5. What particular activities does the work of a barrister cover?
Barristers increasingly specialize in particular areas of law such as commercia
l law, criminal law, chancery law (estates and trusts) etc
6. Which are the training for a barrister?
There are three stages of training prior to full qualification:
- Academic stage: degree in law three years full time- or in any other sub
ject followed by the conversation course
- Vocational stage: the Bar Professional Course, one full time or two year
s part time
- Pupilage: for one year in an authorized pupilage training organization,
barrister chambers or any other approved legal environment
7. What is a QC?
When a person is called to the bar, he becomes a junior barrister and he remains
so until he decides to take silk, thus becoming a Queens Counsel.
8. What are the Inns of Court?
The Inns of Court play an important role in the education and training of a barr
ister having the sole right to call members to the Bar. They also deal with the
discipline of barristers, including the sever sanction of removing the barrister
.
9. What particular activities does the work of a solicitors cover?
Solicitors undertake the general aspects of giving legal advice and conducting l
egal proceedings. They have rights of audience in the lower courts and, if they
have acquired appropriate advocacy qualification, in the higher courts. They als
o prepare cases for barristers to present in superior court.
10. What are the training stages for a solicitor?
There are the three stages of training for solicitors:
- Academic stage: degree in law three years full time- or in any other sub
ject. Another route is the Institute of Legal Executives
- Vocational stage: the Legal Practice Course one year full time
- Practice-bases training incorporating the Professional Skills course tw
o year full time
The Court System
1. How can courts be classified?
Courts can be classified at several levels:
- civil court and criminal court
- original jurisdiction courts and appellate jurisdiction courts
- superior courts and inferior courts
2. Which are the courts of original jurisdiction?
The courts of original jurisdiction are: the magistrates courts, county courts, t
he Crown Court and High Court
3. Magistrate Courts
Are local, inferior courts. They primarily have a criminal jurisdiction, as well
as a limited civil jurisdiction. They also responsible for the enforcement of f
ines and community punishments.
4. County Courts
Also considered an inferior court, the county court deals with civil matters and
its jurisdiction is set out in statute. It is often referred to as the small cl
aims court.
5. The Crown Court
Is a superior court. It deals with more serious criminal cases such as murder, r
ape or robbery, some of which are on appeal or referred from magistrates courts.
Trials are heard by a Judge and a jury consisting of 12 members. Crown Court cas
es originate from the magistrates courts
6. The High Court
Deals with higher level civil disputes within three divisions
- The Queen Bench Division
- The Chancery Division
- The Family Division
and deals with other jurisdictions including the Administrative Court. The High
Court has unlimited jurisdiction in civil matters, but also has an important app
elante and reviewing jurisdiction in respect of criminal matters.
7. The Court of Appeal
Consists of two divisions: the Criminal Division and the Civil Division. It thus
deals with civil appeals from the High Court and the County Court, as well as a
ppeals from certain tribunals such as the Employment Appeals Tribunal. Criminal
appeals include appeals against convictions in the Crown Court, and points of la
w referred by the Attorney General following acquittal in the Crown Court or wer
e the sentence imposed was unduly lenient.
8. The supreme Court
Assumes jurisdiction on points of law for all civil law cases in the UK and all
criminal cases in England and Wels and Northern Ireland. The creation a Supreme
Court means that the most senior judges are now entirely separate from the Parli
amentary process. As an appeal court, The supreme Court cannot consider a case u
nless a relevant order has been made in a lower court.
European Union and European Public Administration
1. How did the EU start out?
The European Union started out as a Community of six in the 1950s: France, west
germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg and the Nederland.
The first treaty underpinning the process of European integration was the Treaty
of Paris concluded in 1951. The Single European Act was the first major amendme
nt to the founding Treaties pursuing the establishment of the single European ma
rket.
2. What was the role of the Treaty of Maastricht?
The Treaty of Maastricht created the European Union with broad economic, politic
al and social objectives.
Article B of the EU Treaty stipulates that the Union will set itself a series of
objectives.
3. Can you state some of the objectives of the EU?
Some of the EU objectives are:
- To promote the balanced and sustainable economic and social progress
- To assert its identity on the international scene through the policy of
a common foreign and security
- To develop close cooperation on justice and home affairs
4. The Institutions
- The European Commission
- The Council
- The European Parliament
- The Court of Justice
- The Court of Auditors
5. Which is the main purpose of the Commission?............................
....