Canadian Light Source Electrical Design Criteria - Aulakh - 8.1.16.1rev 0

2001-02-05 Project Design Critera Page i
CANADIAN LIGHT SOURCE

ELECTRICAL DESIGN CRITERIA

CLS DESIGN NOTE 8.1.16.1 Rev. 0

Date: 2001-02-05

Copyright 2001, Canadian Light Source Inc. This document is the property of
Canadian Light Source Inc. (CLS). No exploitation or transfer of any information
contained herein is permitted in the absence of an agreement with CLS, and
neither the document nor any such information may be released without the
written consent of CLS.

Canadian Light Source
107 North Road
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada

Signature Date

Original on File Signed by:

Author
Harbans Aulakh

Reviewer #1
Edwin Klassen

Reviewer #2
Neil Johnson

Approver
Mark de Jong

2001-02-05 Project Design Critera Page ii

REVISION HISTORY

Revision Date Description Author
A 2000-08-15 Original Draft Harbans Aulakh
B 2000-10-20 Issued for Comments Harbans Aulakh
O 2001-02-05 Original Issue Harbans Aulakh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 PURPOSE.........................................................................................................1

2.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1

3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS..........................................................................2

4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS..................................................................................2
4.1 Drawings................................................................................................2
4.2 Schedules ..............................................................................................7
4.3 Design Briefs (design notes) ...............................................................8
4.4 Electrical Specifications and Equipment Data Sheets.....................8
4.5 Commissioning Documents.................................................................8

5.0 AMBIENT CONDITIONS................................................................................9

6.0 DESIGN PHISOLOPHY..................................................................................9
6.1 Utility Requirements..............................................................................9
6.2 Power Supply...................................................................................... 10
6.3 System Voltage and Frequency....................................................... 11
6.4 Steady-state Utilization Voltage Levels ........................................... 11
6.5 Insulation Co-ordination..................................................................... 12
6.6 Bus Ratings......................................................................................... 13
6.7 Nameplate Voltage Ratings of Standard Induction Motors ........... 13
6.8 Electrical Clearances......................................................................... 14
6.9 Reliability............................................................................................. 14
6.10 Provision for Future Expansion......................................................... 14
6.11 Spare Capacities............................................................................... 14
6.12 Isolation Philosophy ........................................................................... 15
6.13 Motor control....................................................................................... 15
6.14 Load Classification............................................................................ 16
6.15 Critical Loads ..................................................................................... 16
6.16 Design Factors................................................................................... 16
6.17 Protective Devices............................................................................. 17
6.18 Allowable Steady-state AC Voltage Drops..................................... 18
6.19 AC Voltage drop due to motor starting............................................ 20
6.20 Allowable DC Voltage Drops............................................................ 21
6.21 Working Clearances for Substation Equipment ............................. 21
6.22 Separation Criteria/Maintained Spacing......................................... 21
6.23 Critical AC System............................................................................. 23
6.24 Control Circuits................................................................................... 23
6.25 Metering .............................................................................................. 27

6.26 Alarms ................................................................................................. 28
6.27 Grounding System.............................................................................. 30
6.28 Lighting................................................................................................ 32
6.29 Welding Outlets .................................................................................. 35
6.30 Raceway System................................................................................ 36
6.31 Power Factor Correction................................................................... 45
6.32 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems.................................................. 46
6.33 Communication Systems .................................................................. 46
6.34 Heat Tracing (Freeze Protection) ..................................................... 46
6.35 Hazardous Locations......................................................................... 46
6.36 Lightning Protection........................................................................... 47

7.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA..................................................... 48

8.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND SIZING.................................................. 49
8.1 HV Switchgear.................................................................................... 49
8.2 Power Transformers .......................................................................... 49
8.3 Circuit Breakers ................................................................................. 52
8.4 Buses................................................................................................... 53
8.5 Cables................................................................................................. 53
8.6 Motor Control Centres and Switchboards....................................... 55
8.7 Motor Starters..................................................................................... 57
8.8 Motors.................................................................................................. 58
8.9 Adjustable Speed Drives .................................................................. 59
8.10 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)................................................ 59
8.11 Batteries and Battery Chargers........................................................ 60

9.0 SYSTEM STUDIES...................................................................................... 62
9.1 General................................................................................................ 62
9.2 Short Circuit Analysis......................................................................... 62
9.3 Voltage Regulation............................................................................. 63
9.4 Motor Starting Study.......................................................................... 64
9.5 Load Flow study................................................................................. 64
9.6 Protective device Co-ordination....................................................... 65
9.7 Harmonic Analysis ............................................................................. 65

10.0 APPENDICES
Appendix A Abbreviations
Appendix B Glossary
Appendix C Units Of Measure

File: 0047-074-04/Design Criteria-Nov00.doc (rrf)

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1.0 PURPOSE

1.1 The purpose of this design criteria is to provide the basis for developing
the detail design of the electrical services and associated systems for the
Canadian Light Source project by establishing general considerations,
recommended practices and specific precautions based on referenced
standards and industry practices.

1.2 The design criteria document will be used as a continuing document and
will be kept current throughout the life of the project.

1.3 The design criteria will contain the salient design goals for accomplishing
complete system design. As system descriptions are developed
producing greater detail for the system, the applicable portion will be
referenced by the design criteria to avoid duplication.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 The design, selection and sizing of electrical equipment is affected by
many factors and installation conditions such as ambient temperature,
altitude, load, demand factors, percent loss of equipment life under short
time emergency overload conditions, voltage regulation, short circuit
capacities, the ability to start large motors, load characteristics, client
standards, and relevant codes and standards.

2.2 The design criteria will attempt to recommend the lowest cost sizing
without lowering reliability, future expansion or safety to limit the installed
cost and minimize future spare costs.

2.3 The electrical system will be economically designed for continuous and
reliable service, safety to personnel and equipment, ease of maintenance
and operation, minimum power losses, mechanical protection of
equipment, interchange ability of equipment, and addition of future loads.

2.4 Voltage insulation levels, interrupting capacities, continuous current
capacities, circuit protective devices, and mechanical strengths will be
selected and co-coordinated in accordance with the recommendations of
IEEE, EEMAC, CSA, ICEA, and ANSI. Calculations will be made to
ensure all equipment is suitable for the duty required.

2.5 System protective devices (relays, fuses, breaker trip units, etc.,) will be
selected and co-coordinated to ensure that the interrupter nearest the
point of short circuit (or high overload) will open first and minimize
disturbances on the rest of the system.

2.6 Flexibility of the system, investment and operational costs together with
load concentration will also be considered in the electrical design.
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2.7 The electrical distribution system will be designed and installed to meet
the power and grounding requirements of the electronic load equipment.

2.8 The electrical distribution system will also be arranged to minimize service
interruptions, provide flexibility for growth and maintenance, and provide
continuous and reliable power under all desired conditions.

3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

3.1 The latest editions of the applicable codes and standards of the following
organizations will be used as guidelines in the design of electrical systems
and equipment; and where required by law, such systems and equipment
will conform to applicable standards.

CSA - Canadian Standards Association
CEC - Canadian Electrical Code
SES - Saskatchewan Electrical Amendments
EEMAC - Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association of Canada
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ULC - Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (where applicable)
IES - Illuminating Engineering Society
ICEA - Insulated Cable Engineers Association
CACO Canadian Accredited Certified Organization
FM Facilities Management (U of S)

3.2 The local Technical Safety Services Branch Inspector or Clients
representative will generally be present during the construction phase to
ensure compliance with the Canadian Electrical Code and Saskatchewan
Supplement.

4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS

The electrical design will include but not be limited to the following
documents:

4.1 Drawings

4.1.1 All drawings will be sent to Technical Safety Services Branch of the
Department of Industry and Labour, Province of Saskatchewan, for review
during the design stage.

4.1.2 Drawings will be reviewed by a Professional Engineer with input from the
Client. The actual procedure will be developed and agreed to by the Client,
and included in the Project Implementation Manual.

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4.1.3 Drawings requiring the Clients approval will be defined in the Project
Implementation Manual.

4.1.4 The following drawings will be prepared for the project:

4.1.4.1 Key Plot Plan
Plot plans will show all underground and overhead
cable and conductor runs, and the location and
identification of all major electrical equipment.

4.1.4.2 System single line diagrams will include all applicable major
electrical equipment, meters and their switches, protective
relays with associated instrument transformers, motor
protectors, electrical transducers, resistance temperature
detectors, and interlock devices.

The following technical information will be included in system
single line diagrams:
System phase rotation (phase sequence)
Equipment names, ratings, device identification
numbers, and associated location
A Protective Relay Table covering device numbers,
description of relays, make/model, locations, and
intended function of relays
Types of meters and transducers with specified
ranges
Power transformer and instrument transformer
connection (delta-wye, wye-wye, etc) and grounding
requirements, including polarity markings for
instrument transformers
Continuous current ratings of power circuit breakers,
or motor starters, and their numbering and cubicle
location numbers in switchgear assemblies and
motor starter assemblies
Isolated phase bus and/or nonsegregated phase bus
continuous current ratings
Cable entry (top or bottom) to switchgear, medium
voltage motor starter lineups, load centers
Power cable sizes and types
The quantities of each protective relay and
associated instrument transformers and fuses
Current ratios of current transformers and polarities
and voltage ratios of potential transformers
Local and/or remote control points of an
electrically operated circuit breaker; the associated
control switch, selector switch, and meter; and their
respective location.
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4.1.4.3 Power layout drawings showing all electrical equipment with
Dimensional plans and elevations with sections
views, enlarged plans and details when required for
clarification.
Approximately location of electrical equipment and
devices such as transformers, switchgear, MCCs,
power panels, local push buttons/selector switches
etc. with identification numbers.
Anchor bolt locations and assembled weights for
major equipment.
Underground conduits, duct banks and surface
trenches layout.
Cable tray and conduit layout including support
details, wall and floor openings, fire-proofing/fire
stops details.
Dimensions to the centre line of horizontal tray and
bottom (side rail) for vertical tray.
Location and type of tray fittings
Tray numbers based upon the design criteria for
identifying voltage levels.
Tray grounding and installation of covers where
required.
All plan view drawings will be drawn to the same
scale if space permitted.

4.1.4.4 Lighting layout
Plans showing locations of lighting fixtures (normal,
emergency, security)
Lighting transformer locations
Lighting panel-board locations and schedules
Convenience outlet locations
Cable routing for the above

4.1.4.5 Grounding layout
Overall grounding drawings, grounding details, and
lightning protection.

4.1.4.6 Logic Flow Diagrams showing,
functional identification of all devices
alarm and trip lines and logic

4.1.4.7 Schematic diagrams

Most schematic diagrams are based on the functions
defined by the control logic diagrams. Therefore, the control
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logic diagrams will be fully understood before the design of
the schematic diagram begins.

Elementary type schematic diagrams will be prepared to
show:
All interconnections between power sources,
apparatus, and device elements of a particular
system or equipment
All interlocks with other systems in a manner which
fully indicates the circuit function and operation
Identification and location in equipment of each
device
Any special requirements such as conductor
shielding, cable type and separation from other
circuits
Annunciator and PLC and/or DCS inputs and outputs,
interlocks, spare contacts etc. to ensure adequacy of
information
Adequate information to assign cable numbers and
types for the circuit and raceway schedule
Sufficient information to enable a supplier to specify
devices and prepare equipment internal wiring
diagrams
Functional group will be separated and clearly
defined so as to show close, trip, indication,
protection, annunciation, etc.
Schematic diagrams for equipment or systems
supplied as a complete package will not be prepared
and will be the responsibility of the vendor
Elementary diagrams for all motor control circuits and
electrical devices (solenoids, etc.) circuits. One
typical diagram for each motor drive size and type will
be made. The contacts and devices will be shown in
the de-energized (off the shelf) condition.

4.1.4.8 Wiring and interconnection diagrams
Connection diagrams showing all purchaser
connection points and identified accordingly.
Connection wiring diagrams for control, alarm, and
instrument circuits, including all junction boxes,
showing wire numbers and terminal numbers.
Internal wiring diagrams for all engineered panels
such as Emergency Shutdown (ESD) and control
panels.
Wiring diagrams defining all electrical circuits and
showing wire numbers and terminal numbers of all
interior components.
- 6 -

Connection diagrams for all motor control circuits and
electrical devices (solenoids, etc.) circuits.

4.1.4.9 Emergency shutdown Key showing
Schematic and/or logic of all ESD circuits
Internal wiring diagrams c/w terminal blocks and wire
identifications for all ESD circuits

4.1.4.10 Fire Detection and Alarm System Drawings
Layout drawings indicating zones, master control
panel, annunciator panel, graphic panel, initiating
devices (smoke detectors, heat detectors, pull-
stations, sprinkler main valve, floor switches,
pressure switches), and audible/visual signal devices
(bells, buzzers, horns, strobe lights).
Block diagrams and/or riser diagrams indicating
individual zones and the number and type of
components within each zone. Al devices labeled by
zone and device number.
Logic diagrams showing all input-output
relationships.
Control panel wiring diagrams showing identification
of the termination point of each and every wire with
their appropriate zone number or letter. Marshalling
box/cabinet terminations.
Field wiring diagrams indicating physical location of
all components which make-up the fire alarm system,
complete with associated conduit runs and sizes.

4.1.4.11 Communications System Drawings
Telephone, data, security system layout indicating all
components including telephone/data closets and
receptacles.
Riser diagrams indicating panels, outlets, cables and
conduits.

4.1.4.12 Hazardous Location Drawings
The limits of all hazardous areas clearly identified in
accordance with the CEC.
The class, division and group of each hazard will also
be specified c/w the limits of the area involved.

4.1.4.13 Installation Detail Drawings
Installation details for all major equipment. One typical
drawing may be used for similar installations.
Installation details for all grounding, lighting and
raceways
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4.1.4.14 Manufacturers Drawings (Vendors drawings for all main
equipment)
Manufacturers drawings for major items of electrical
equipment.

4.1.4.15 As-built drawings after completion
Incorporation of all field changes
Any additional information that may be beneficial
during construction.

4.2 Schedules

4.2.1 The MCC and/or switchboard schedule is an expedient means to define
the electrical design requirements for each load supplied from the MCC.
The following information will be furnished on the schedule format:
Identification of the MCC by its location number and system
designation
Service description of load, its assigned identification number, its
system designation, and its rating in appropriate unit
The MCC cubicle number feeding the load and its vertical cubicle
dimension
Horsepower rating, service factor, the full load current (FLA), locked
rotor current (LRA), and feeder cable size for motor load
Control point, whether local or remote, from which the load can be
controlled
Fuse disconnect switch or breaker rating requirements, including
frame size, continuous current rating, and trip setting or fuse type
and rating
Starter size, type, and overload element or solid-state trip device
settings
Control transformer rating and associated fuse rating
Breaker or disconnect switch number assigned to the load
Motor space heater requirements, if applicable
Any special design features, such as adding a relay or switch, etc.
4.2.2 Power cable, control cable and Instrumentation cable schedules showing,
conductor size, type of insulation (shield), and estimated length
tray number, size, type and estimated length
number of cables in the tray for all power, control, alarm and
instrument circuits
The cable sequence will be in numerical order according to cable
No., sorted between single cable and multicore cables

4.2.3 Load List (load-equipment schedule) showing,
equipment identification
equipment location
rated voltage and rated power
- 8 -

normal power demand
normal power factor at actual demand
equipment requiring UPS
equipment requiring standby power supply during outage of normal
power

4.2.4 Protective device schedule
A list of protection relays and fuses showing,
Functional identification of all devices
Device location
Manufacturers name
Device model and/or type
Voltage and current rating
Voltage, current and time setting ranges
Actual voltage, current and time settings

4.3 Design Briefs (design notes)
Motor List
Demand load calculations
Short circuit calculations
Load flow and voltage drop calculations
Cable sizing calculations
Protective relay coordination
Restart, re-acceleration times if required by process

4.4 Electrical Specifications and Equipment Data Sheets
The following electrical specifications will support the electrical design:
General Electrical Specification (design criteria)
High Voltage Switchgear
Recording and indicating metering
High Voltage Power Transformer
Low Voltage Switchgear
Low Voltage Motor Control Center
Low voltage switchboards
High Voltage Power Cable
Medium Voltage Power Cable
Low Voltage Power and Control Cable
Low Voltage Induction Motors 300 kW and less
Station Battery and Battery Charger
Uninterruptible Power Supply System
Emergency diesel generator
Electrical installation

4.5 Commissioning Documents

4.5.1 Detailed commissioning procedures will be supplied prior to
commissioning of the electrical system, for client approval.
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4.5.2 Fully indexed, As-Built binders will be provided containing
single line diagrams,
equipment specifications
commissioning procedures
vendor data sheets and maintenance procedures
fault calculations, coordination curves & settings of all protective
relays & devices

5.0 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

5.1 Project specific ambient conditions will be followed in the design and
selection of equipment and materials.

5.2 The equipment and materials will be designed to operate under the
following conditions:

Altitude: 584 meters above sea level

Maximum Temperatures: 40
o
C

Minimum Temperatures: -40
o
C

Relative Humidity: Indoor 25-50%
Outdoor 20-100%

Unusual Conditions: Magnetic, radio frequency,
gamma and neutron radiations

5.3 Effective ambient temperature inside a non-ventilated equipment
enclosure exposed to the sun will be considered as 51
o
C due to combined
effects of a 40
o
C ambient outside the enclosure, 8
o
C rise from solar
radiation, and an assumed 3
o
C rise caused by an internal heater or other
heat producing device.

6.0 DESIGN PHISOLOPHY

6.1 Utility Requirements

6.1.1 The power requirements for the facilities are as follows:
Present demand load of 12 MW
Present connected load of 13.95 MW
Future additional load of 2 MW

6.1.2 Utility phasing/phase rotation requirements will be provided by U of S
Facilities Management and will be shown on overall single line diagram.

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6.1.3 Maximum and minimum short circuit contribution from utility source will be
provided by the U of S Facilities Management.

6.1.4 Utility power metering will be provided as described in section 6.25.

6.2 Power Supply

6.2.1 Power supply to the CLS facilities will be provided by two independent
sources (different incoming distribution lines). The minimum capacity of
each supply feeder will be sufficient to supply 120% of the maximum
operating load for non-transformer loads plus 100% of the sum of the full-
load maximum site ratings of the connected transformers.

6.2.2 Power supply interface with the CLS facilities will be at the 25 kV bus of
the main switchgear (primary selective). The 25 kV bus will be double
ended, connected via a normally open tie-breaker that may be manually
closed upon loss of one feeder. All feeders from main switchgear to the
CLS facilities will be radial.

6.2.3 The power supply to the facilities will be metered using Demand-Energy
type metering.

6.2.4 Where possible, power to the electronic load equipment will be provided
at higher voltage (600Y/347V) instead at the actual equipment utilization
voltage (208 Y/120V) to achieve the following benefits.

Lower system impedance to provide a more stable source with
better voltage regulation and to minimize voltage distortion due to
the non-linear load currents.
Step-down transformers (and other power enhancement devices)
located close to the electronic load equipment to minimize the
buildup of common mode voltages. Delta-connected transformer
primaries trap balanced triplen harmonic currents generated on the
secondary side by non-linear electronic load equipment that helps to
reduce distortion of the voltage waveform at 600 V level as well as
helps to attenuate disturbances originating at the 600 V system.
Distribute power at lower currents resulting in lower heat losses in
feeders and decrease material and labour costs associated with
installing long feeder circuits.

6.2.5 General building loads (such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air
conditioning and process cooling equipment) and electronic load
equipment (klystrons, power supplies, beam lines, etc.) will be supplied
from separate switchgears respectively. The switchgear for general
building loads will be designated dirty power switchgear and switchgear
for electronic load equipment will be called clean power switchgear.

- 11 -

6.2.6 Electronic load equipment will be powered through dedicated feeder cable
circuits consisting of phase conductors, neutral conductor (where
applicable) and insulated equipment grounding conductor(s) in effectively
grounded and bonded metallic conduit, raceway or cable assemblies.

6.2.7 Where shared feeder cable circuits or busway (with taps) are used to
serve electronic load equipment, a separately derived source (such as an
isolation transformer or other power conditioner) will be specified for each
tap serving electronic load equipment.

6.2.8 Where interface of electronic load equipment to the building electrical
distribution system branch circuit is necessary, a dry-type shielded
isolation transformer (or other power enhancement device) will be installed
to provide system voltage matching and also create a separately derived
source.

6.2.9 For any voltage drop exceeding 25% for second, the facilities will
require a new start up. An automatic re-acceleration of motors or a restart
of equipment will not be provided.

6.3 System Voltage and Frequency

6.3.1 The alternating current frequency for power system will be 60 Hertz.
Nominal system voltage and the respective grounding will be as per the
following table.

Nominal Voltage Phase Configuration Grounding
25000 Three Three Wire Solidly Grounded
600Y/347 Three Four Wire Solidly Grounded
120 Single Two Wire Solidly Grounded

6.3.2 The nominal system voltage requirements do not apply to dedicated
(captive) transformers in specialty applications such as supplying special
electronic equipment and submersible pump motors.

6.3.3 Existing ungrounded systems and existing systems with different voltage
levels are not required to be changed retroactively.

6.4 Steady-state Utilization Voltage Levels

6.4.1 Existing Facilities (Linac)

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Low Voltage Switchgear 480 V
Low Voltage Distribution panels 480 V
208 V
120 V
Low Voltage Motors 460 V
115 V

6.4.2 New Facilities

HV Switchgear 25 kV

Low Voltage MCCs or switchracks 600 V

Low Voltage Distribution Panels 600 V
347 V
120 V

High Voltage Cable - Substation 25 kV

Low Voltage Power Cable 600 V
Low Voltage Control Cable 120 V

Instrumentation Cable (excluding 300 V
Thermocouples and/or RTDs)

Thermocouple and/or RTDs Cable 300 V

Low Voltage Motors 600 V
Safety Interlock System 120 VAC
Trip coils and protective relaying 125 V DC
Shut-down solenoids 48 V DC
Alarms 24 V DC
Motors 151 kW to 800 kW 4160 V
Motors 0.56 kW to 151 kW 600 V
Motors less than 0.56 kW 208 V

6.5 Insulation Co-ordination

6.5.1 The objective of insulation co-ordination is to achieve an optimum
economic balance between investment in the surge protective system and
investment in the apparatus insulation required to withstand surges.

6.5.2 The insulation co-ordination will be achieved by properly selecting:
Surge arrester ratings, class and location.
Line-to-ground and line-to-line minimum clearances.
Equipment Basic Insulation Level (BIL) and Basic Switching Level
(BSL).
- 13 -

Creepage distance requirements.

6.5.3 Surge arrester selection and application will be in accordance with
ANSI/IEEE Std C62.11 IEEE standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester for
AC Power Circuits and ANSI/IEEE Std C62.22 IEEE Guide for the
Application of Metal-Oxide Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems

6.5.4 Insulation levels of 25 KV power cables will be specified based on fault
clearing time for the system voltage being used and as described below:

100% insulation level will be used where relay protection is such
that ground faults will be cleared as rapidly as possible, but in any
case, within one minute of occurrence. Usually, these are solidly
grounded systems.
133% insulation level will be used where fault-clearing time is not
within the one-minute criterion but offering adequate assurance that
the fault will be cleared within one hour. Usually, these are
ungrounded systems. The 133% insulation level is the most
common and is recommended for delta ungrounded systems
173% insulation level will be used where fault-clearing time is
indefinite. Usually, 173% insulation level is used for resonant
grounded systems.

6.5.5 Insulation levels (BILs) will be as follows:

25 kV Load Interrupter Switchgear 125 kV
(existing switchgear supplied by U of S)
25 kV/600 V Transformer Primary Windings 150 kV
25 kV/600 V Transformer Secondary Windings 50 kV
25 kV Power Cables 28 kV
600 V Power Cables 1 kV
AC Control Cables 0.6 kV

6.6 Bus Ratings

25 kV Load Interrupter Switchgear 600 A
(existing switchgear supplied by U of S)
600 Volts MCCs 2500 A

6.7 Nameplate Voltage Ratings of Standard Induction Motors

Nominal System Voltage Nameplate Voltage

Single-phase motors
120 115

Three-phase motors
- 14 -

208 200
480 460
600 575

6.8 Electrical Clearances

Clearances will be in accordance with the applicable sections of the CEC.

6.9 Reliability

6.9.1 The design of the power system will be based on the need to provide a
stable source of electrical power and to minimize any down time
associated with the system as a whole or the individual components
thereof.

6.9.2 The reliability of the system will be enhanced by:
a reliance on accepted national and international standards,
a careful screening of suppliers,
application of redundancy principles in system design if required.

6.10 Provision for Future Expansion

6.10.1 Sufficient power capacity will be installed to service the expected peak
loads for the ensuing five years. As the forecast for future energy
increases, additional equipment may be required to install.

6.10.2 Any increase in capacity will be achieved through the installation of
additional equipment as opposed to replacement with larger sizes.

6.10.3 All switchgear (low, medium and high voltage) and operator control panels
will be manufactured and installed to permit future additional cubicles to be
easily added to the lineup.

6.11 Spare Capacities

6.11.1 For transformers, the initial (actual calculated) running load will not exceed
80 percent of the self cooled (OA) rating with the maximum rating used for
sizing the cabling or bus duct.

6.11.2 Main breakers and busses will be sized to allow use of the transformers
maximum capacity for transformers 1000 kVA and larger.

6.11.3 A reserve allowance of 50% (exclusive of future expansions) will be
allowed for main distribution space requirements

- 15 -

6.11.4 Future space for breakers and MCCs will be specified as a percentage of
the installed equipment or a number of certain sizes. Since fully equipped
spares are expensive, spaces equipped with necessary hardware are
more economical to provide. A minimum of one spare space will be
provided in switchgear, two spare spaces in medium voltage MCCs and
20% spare spaces in low voltage MCCs.

6.11.5 The bus will be sized to allow for 20% more loads. Also MCCs will be
purchased and arranged so that additional sections can be added to both
ends.

6.11.6 Lighting panels feeding office areas will not be filled more than 70% and
laboratory areas will not be filled more than 60%.

6.11.7 Larger spare capacity factors may be necessary in the beginning stages
of the project when the loads are uncertain. For calculating loads to allow
for undetermined loads that usually show up later in the project, 1
horsepower = 1 kVA will be used for all motors.

6.12 Isolation Philosophy

6.12.1 All packaged equipment will have provision to disconnect from its power
supply locally.

6.12.2 All motors will have provision to be disconnected from its power supply
either locally or at the MCC.

6.12.3 All power feeders will be isolated through the use of breakers and/or
switches in the switchgear/MCC/switchboard.

6.12.4 All lighting panels will have a breaker to disconnect it from its power
supply.

6.12.5 All control panels will have a switch to disconnect it from its power supply.

6.12.6 Motor stop circuit will be hard-wired from MCC via interposing relays to the
facilities safeguarding (emergency shutdown) system.

6.12.7 Emergency shutdown of equipment, if required, will be possible
irrespective of any PLC/microprocessor failure.

6.13 Motor control

6.13.1 Electric motor drives will receive start and stop commands in the field,
local to the motor drive.

6.13.2 Operational start and stop commands will be provided via DCS/PLC.
- 16 -

6.13.3 Emergency stop commands will be provided via the facilities safeguarding
(emergency shutdown) system.

6.14 Load Classification

6.14.1 The loads will be categorized as continuous and non-continuous loads
based on CEC.

6.14.2 Demand factors will be applied to motors that are known to operate at less
than full load or when the load is cyclical or intermittent. Applying demand
factors will provide the most economical system.

6.14.3 Calculated running loads will be obtained from the pump calculation
sheets. Spare pumps will be added to the load list as a zero load (0.5 for
each paired pump). Cyclical loads such as sump pumps will be applied a
reduced demand factor (0.3-0.7). Intermittent loads such as cranes will
have a demand factor based on the percent of the time they are used (0.
1-0.25).

6.14.4 Lighting loads will be added with a 100% demand factor.

6.15 Critical Loads

6.15.1 Critical loads or loads requiring a high degree of availability will be
supplied by a UPS system and/or a standby generator capable of
automatically supplying the required power within 10 seconds after a
power failure.

6.16 Design Factors

6.16.1 Electrical power and associated control equipment will be designed to
withstand the effects of voltage depression resulting from a three phase
short circuit on the distribution network.

6.16.2 The network will be designed such that any piece of electrical equipment
can safely be taken out of service for maintenance purposes.

6.16.3 Available fault levels within the electrical system will be sufficient to start
and operate any electrical load without disrupting operation of other
equipment.

6.16.4 Rating of protective equipment will be adequate to detect and isolate
electrical faults anywhere within the system.

6.16.5 Voltage drops at normal operating conditions are not to exceed 3%.

- 17 -

6.16.6 Voltage drop at motor terminals during starting is not to exceed 20%.

6.16.7 Voltage drop on a feeder bus during starting is not to exceed 5% (10% for
large motors with infrequent starts). Appropriate measures like capacitor
assisted starting, reduced voltage starting, soft start and transformer on-
load tap changers will be selected so as not to exceed voltage drops

6.16.8 Motors greater than 20 kW will be provided with reduced voltage closed
transition, autotransformer starters, or load controlled solid-state soft-start
starters.

6.16.9 Motors in excess of 40 kW will be provided with local power factor
correction.

6.16.10 Where motor anti-condensation heaters are utilized, the control circuit will
be designed for automatic operation of heaters whenever the motor is off
and, in the case of medium voltage motors, when the switchgear is in the
racked-out position.

6.16.11 Transformer impedance will be selected to limit short-circuit currents to
values within the ratings of the connected equipment and to optimize
voltage regulation.

6.16.12 The power circuit breakers will be manually operated for non-motor loads.
Static trip devices will be furnished on all load center power circuit
breakers.

6.16.13 Breaker-protected combination starters will control motors fed from
MCCs.

6.16.14 Office workstation areas will be designed to accommodate one separate
dedicated branch circuit wiring and receptacle for electronic load
equipment and another separate wiring and receptacle circuit for
convenience loads or high impact loads.

6.17 Protective Devices

6.17.1 Protective devices will be provided for the electrical system to permit
isolation of faulted or overloaded equipment and cables as quickly as
possible to minimize equipment damage and limit the extent of system
outages. Major components such as the HV switchgear and large
transformers will be provided with back-up protection. Current and
potential transformers will be connected to provide overlapping zones of
protection.

6.17.2 Protective and isolation devices for HV switchgear will be operated from
independent circuits of the 125 V dc system.
- 18 -

6.17.3 Faults that have a high probability of not self-clearing will trip and lock out
appropriate breakers and devices. Manual system restoration will be
permitted for faults of a temporary nature.

6.17.4 Protective devices will be selected considering the maximum and
minimum available fault currents.

6.17.5 Current sensing relays will be of the drawout case type to permit testing
and calibration without disruption of the current transformer secondary
circuit.

6.17.6 The overcurrent protective devices for electronic load equipment located in
switchboards and panelboards will be true RMS type.

6.17.7 To avoid damage to electronic load equipment due to single-phasing
(since most three-phase electronic load equipment can not tolerate single-
phase power to its input), electronic phase-failure or voltage unbalance
relays will be specified, where required, to mitigate single-phasing events
in addition to fuses or circuit breakers (fuses and circuit breakers generally
do not prevent all types of single-phasing conditions).

6.17.8 Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying (63)
or neutral backup relaying (51 G), or both, will be transfer tripped through
lockout relays (86T) at the substation. The lockout relays will be provided
with mechanical or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is no
control power battery at the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may
require local capacitors to assist in tripping.

6.17.9 Time and instantaneous phase over-current tripping will be provided for
feeder breakers requiring relaying except that instantaneous tripping will
be omitted if relaying exists downstream without significant intervening
impedance. If the only downstream protection with which the feeder
relaying must co-ordinate is fuses, instantaneous phase over-current
tripping will be furnished if selectivity can be achieved. This requires that
the instantaneous trip setting be 70% of the peak let-through current of the
largest anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting at the fault level of
the system where it is located.

6.17.10 Overcurrent protection for primary feeders to power transformers will
consist of an overcurrent relay in each phase. A ground overcurrent relay
will also be provided for the solidly grounded supply system.

6.18 Allowable Steady-state AC Voltage Drops

- 19 -

6.18.1 Voltage drop on cables will be considered with respect to the allowable
limits for equipment and motors. Cable size may be increased to reduce
voltage drop.

6.18.1.1 25000 Volts circuits

Maximum 1% between main 25 kV switchgear and
25 kV dirty power switchgear

Maximum 1% between main 25 kV switchgear and
25 kV clean power switchgear

Maximum 1% between 25 kV dirty power switchgear
and primary of 25 kV/600 volt power transformers

Maximum 1% between 25 kV clean power
switchgear and primary of 25 kV/600 volt power
transformers

6.18.1.2 600 Volts main circuits

Maximum 2% between secondary of 25 kV/600 volt
power transformer and 600 volt MCC or switchrack
providing the maximum total voltage drop from the
transformer secondary to the branch circuit does not
exceed 5%.

6.18.1.3 600 Volts feeder circuits

Maximum 3% between 600 volt MCC or 600 volt
switchrack and motor terminals, distribution centres,
panel boards or transformers that supply lighting,
instrumentation, or other low voltage equipment
providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main
feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

6.18.1.4 Motor branch circuits

Maximum 3% providing the maximum total voltage
drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not
exceed 5%.

6.18.1.5 Maximum 10% at full-voltage locked rotor current (including
total voltage drop in sub-feeder if any) for motors that are to
re-accelerate automatically. The 10% limit may be relaxed
only under the conditions and to the extent indicated as
follows:
- 20 -

a. Where re-acceleration of individual motors can be
delayed to a late, lightly loaded step of the overall
motor restarting sequence. This requires approval of
Owner.
b. Where re-acceleration of individual motors, which are
lightly loaded (mechanically), is possible with less
than 75% of motor rated voltage.
c. Where the total re-acceleration load is small enough
to permit re-acceleration in one step without the
voltage at the motors dropping below 75% of motor
rated voltage.

d. If Client approves dividing the re-acceleration
sequence into more steps, each less heavily loaded
than would be required if the 10% limit were held, and
provided voltage at the motors during re-acceleration
is kept to at least 75% of motors rated voltage.

6.18.1.6 Branch circuits supplying lighting, instrumentation, or other
low voltage requirements

Maximum 3% between transformer secondary
terminals and the most distant fixture or outlet (or
single user) providing the maximum total voltage drop
for the main feeder and branch circuit does not
exceed 5%.

Maximum 3% for general feeders (3% maximum of
nominal bus rating at full feeder load current)

Maximum 1% for feeders from distribution
transformers to 120/208 V distribution panels
(maximum 1% of transformer nominal secondary
voltage at full transformer secondary load current)

6.19 AC Voltage drop due to motor starting

Voltage dips at utilization devices other than motors will not exceed
15% of nominal system voltage.
- 21 -

Minimum voltage at motor terminals of motors started across the
line will not be below 85% of the rated motor voltage during motor
starting.
When approved by the motor manufacturer, the minimum voltage
for medium voltage motors during starting will be permitted to be
reduced to 80% of the rated motor voltage.

6.20 Allowable DC Voltage Drops

Maximum total voltage drop for main, feeder, and branch circuits
will not exceed 5%.
The maximum voltage drop in branch circuits will not exceed 2%.

6.21 Working Clearances for Substation Equipment

6.21.1 Unless greater clearances are specified by CEC, the following minimum
clearances will be maintained:

A minimum working clearance of 2 meters on all sides.

A minimum working clearance of 3 meters on sides of equipment
having doors or access panels that can be opened to expose live
parts and/or required for normal maintenance and/or operations.

The intent of above requirements can be met by gate(s), which can
be opened to provide the required clearance.

A minimum clearance of 1.1 meter between pad-mounted
equipment and fences or walls installed for the purpose of
protecting the equipment from unauthorized access.

6.21.2 Outdoor-Pad-Mounted Equipment

Equipment will be placed on a level concrete pad, the top of which
will be elevated a minimum of 100mm above natural grade.

6.22 Separation Criteria/Maintained Spacing

6.22.1 Raceway layout and cable installation will be based on the CEC and
DCS/PLC equipment manufacturers requirements.

6.22.2 Medium voltage power cables (above 600 V) will be installed in raceways
separate from low voltage power and control cables and low-level signal
cables. In vertically stacked trays, the highest voltage cables will be in the
highest position in the stack.

- 22 -

6.22.3 Low voltage power cables (600 V and below) in vertically stacked trays will
be located below the medium voltage power cables.

6.22.4 Control cables in vertically stacked trays will be located below the power
cable trays. Control cables may be mixed with low voltage power cables if
their respective conductor sizes do not differ greatly. When this is done in
trays, the power cable will be derated as if all cables in the tray were
power cables, because position and grouping are not controlled.
Complete separation of control cable from power cable is the preferred
practice.

6.22.5 Low-level analog signal cables in vertically stacked trays will be located
below the control trays.
6.22.6 Low level analog signal cables will be run in instrument raceways separate
from all power and control cables and unshielded cables carrying digital or
pulse type signals. Unshielded digital or pulse type signals will be routed in
control trays

6.22.7 Thermocouple cable rated at 300 V will be routed in the same raceway
and share the same enclosures (boxes) as 600 V cable, provided the
maximum applied voltage of the 600 V cable does not exceed 300 V.

6.22.8 Maintained spacing is the preferred method for installing medium voltage
cables and large 600 V and 480 V load center cables in tray.

6.22.9 Trays carrying large cables will be sized for a maintained spacing of one
diameter of the largest adjacent cable. There will be no other cable types
routed in these trays.

6.22.10 The advantage of maintaining one diameter space between cables is that
the cable ampacity for free air may be used. For large cables sized on the
basis of short circuit current, voltage drop or derated because they pass
through conduits and/or duck banks, reduced diameter spacing may be
allowed providing a calculation is performed.

6.22.11 To ensure that the field installation does in fact allow the generated heat to
be dissipated, cable spacers or cable ties will be utilized in order to
maintain the required spacing and a note will be placed on the cable
schedule stating that this cable is to be installed maintain spacing.

6.22.12 When practicable, medium-voltage switchgear cubicles and load center
stacks and breakers will be arranged to permit the cables to enter and exit
the tray system in the same sequence, thereby minimizing crossovers in
maintained spacing trays.

6.22.13 Power conduits will be maintained one-diameter spacing to minimize
cable derating.
- 23 -

6.23 Critical AC System

6.23.1 An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) will be provided for critical loads
such as critical field instrumentation necessary for monitoring and safe
shutdown of operations.

6.23.2 UPS will include an inverter, static transfer switch, and manual bypass
switch. A failure or fault within the inverter will result in an automatic
transfer of the UPS loads to a nonregulated back-up power supply.

6.23.3 The manual bypass switch will be used to transfer the UPS load to the
back-up source for maintenance on the inverter.

6.23.4 To compensate for harmonics created by the connected equipment, the
continuous rating of the UPS systems will support 100% unbalanced and
100% non-linear loads, with a crest factor of three.

6.24 Control Circuits

6.24.1 Switchgear Control Power

6.24.1.1 A dedicated and reliable source of control power will be
provided for all switchgear to close electrically operated
circuit breakers (switches) and trip circuit breakers
(switches) having shunt trips for protective relays or remote
operation.

6.24.1.2 A common control power source may be used only for two or
more switchgear assemblies located inside the same
substation building, or for two or more adjacent outdoor
switchgear equipment.

6.24.1.3 Acceptable systems are as follows:

a. DC close, DC trip (preferred)
b. AC close, capacitor trip (as required to match
existing installation extensions or for single breaker
installations).
c. AC close, AC trip (only for low voltage breakers with
direct acting trips).

6.24.1.4 Where capacitor trip is used, a separate device will be used
for each circuit breaker. Provision of capacitor monitoring is
strongly recommended.

- 24 -

6.24.1.5 In AC closing power systems, control power transformer or
control source will be on supply side of the supply circuit
breakers, to permit electrical closing of all breakers served
by the transformer or source.

6.24.1.6 Maintenance free lead calcium batteries and battery
chargers will supply DC control power.

6.24.1.7 Battery capacity at minimum design ambient temperature,
as specified, will be capable of supplying switchgear normal
loads (relays, pilot lights) for eight hours with the charger off
and then permit closing (or tripping, in the case of tripping
batteries) all breakers (switches) in rapid succession with a
minimum time interval of 3 seconds between breaker
(switch) closing operations.

6.24.1.8 Automatic chargers will be provided for batteries. Chargers
will be of the solid-state type, capable of rated output with
input voltage tolerance of 10% and input frequency
tolerance of 5%.

6.24.1.9 Chargers for batteries will have adjustable constant current
for initial recharge, with automatic change to adjustable
controlled voltage for end-of-charge, floating and equalizing.
Output will be equal to the battery continuous load plus 30 to
35% of the battery eight-hour discharge rate. Charger will
have a DC voltmeter and ammeter.

6.24.1.10 Distribution panel and ground detector will be provided for
each control battery. The panel will also provide circuit
breakers or fused disconnect switches for battery main
leads and for each feeder, including feeders supplying the
charger, test and inspection station, and each switchgear
control power bus.

6.24.1.11 Feeder circuit breaker trip elements or fuses provided in the
battery distribution panel will be selective with the branch
circuit protective devices in the switchgear. Battery main
disconnect protective device will be selective with the panel
feeder devices and, if a breaker, may be nonautomatic.

6.24.1.12 Ground detector will have a pilot light or meter indication for
ground faults in the control power systems.

6.24.1.13 Alarms will be provided for AC and DC under voltage and
ground conditions in the control power system.

- 25 -

6.24.2 Motor Control Circuits

6.24.2.1 Where electronically operated controllers are used, motors
will be controlled by:

a. START-STOP control stations located in sight of
and near the motor, or
b. Automatic devices (such as a float switch).
6.24.2.2 Where the automatic start device is maintained, the
consequences of the motor starting with the restoration of
power following a power failure should be considered. The
concern is for the stability of the power system at restoration.
A special concern with the 2-wire control scheme is
automatic starting by manual reset overload pushbutton. A
caution sign shall be provided to inform operator of this
condition.

6.24.2.3 Undervoltage protection will be provided for all motors
having electrically operated controllers, except undervoltage
releases may be provided for application where
instantaneous automatic restart after a voltage dip or loss of
any duration will not endanger personnel or cause
equipment damage. Owner will review such applications.

6.24.2.4 Motors having undervoltage release will re-accelerate in the
first re-acceleration step. The total kW (hp) of motors having
undervoltage release may be limited by voltage drop.

6.24.2.5 A selector switch will be located in sight of and near each
motor controlled by an automatic device (START-STOP
not required). The switch will have three maintained position
labeled HAND-OFF-AUTO, and will provide the following
operations:

a. HAND: Motor can be started manually from a
local start control station.
b. OFF: Motor is stopped and cannot be
restarted automatically or manually.
c. AUTO: Motor is under control of the automatic
device.

6.24.2.6 Selector switch will have the provisions for padlocking in the
OFF position.

6.24.2.7 START-STOP control stations for all motors will be
arranged so that momentary operation of the stop button
- 26 -

stops the motor. Arrangements where it is necessary to hold
the stop position for the set time of the motor undervoltage
device are not acceptable.

6.24.2.8 Control stations will be either pushbutton or rotary
shaft/rocker arm operated.

6.24.2.9 All control stations and switches will be non-factory seated
type. Control stations of magnetic contactor type motor
controllers will be momentary contact start and momentary
contact stop with universal contact blocks. The stop button
will have provision for lock out. Control stations will be
factory sealed in hazardous areas, where possible. Control
station STOP position will have an attachment for a
padlock.

6.24.2.10 Control stations will be guarded against accidental
operations, either through design or by field-mounted
guards. Non-actuation when a pushbutton is depressed
flush with the surrounding ring constitutes adequate
guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding will not prevent
intentional operation with a gloved hand.

6.24.2.11 Emergency stop control stations on control house panels will
meet the following:

a. Guards will cover the operating button or arm.
b. Control will be of the maintained contact type.
c. Control wiring will run directly from the control station
to the motor controller. Wiring will not be routed
through the motor location.

6.24.2.12 For three-wire control systems, the conductors from the
pushbutton to the motor starters will be colour-coded as
follows:

a. Red for STOP
b. Yellow for COMMON
c. Blue for START

6.24.2.13 Motors on elevated equipment such as air fin coolers will be
controlled from grade-mounted control station equipped with
pilot lights. If the motors are not within sight of, and within 8
m of, grade-mounted control stations, additional control
stations will be installed on platforms near the motors.

- 27 -

6.24.2.14 Time delay will be provided when changing speed on two
speed controllers or when reversing rotation on reversing
controllers. This will apply to air fin exchangers, cooling
tower fans or similar equipment. For two speed controllers,
time delay will be allowed between fast and slow speeds,
and for reversing controllers time delay will be allowed when
switching between forward and reverse, or vice versa.

6.24.2.15 Latched switching devices such as circuit breakers used as
motor starters will have the closing circuit broken by all
shutdown devices including stop control stations. This
arrangement will ensure that controller reclosing is blocked
and not simply that retripping is provided.

6.24.2.16 All remote control circuitry will use momentary contacts only.

6.24.2.17 It is preferred that under-voltage protection for all motors are
automatically reset. For motors having under-voltage
protection that must be manually reset at the motors local
control station, a legible nameplate will be mounted on the
front of the motor starter.

6.24.2.18 Motor space heaters, when furnished, will be controlled by a
normally open auxiliary contact of the motor controller and a
relay located at the motor. Heaters will be automatically de-
energized when the motor is running and automatically
energized when the motor is not running. The space heaters
will be supplied from the motor control circuit transformer.
The space heater control wiring between the controller and
the field will be combined with the motor control wiring. The
relay will be energized from the motor controller.

6.25 Metering

6.25.1 Full-featured, revenue metering approved digital power metering to
monitor and record all basic power quantities in addition to the following
will be provided in each incoming line of the main switchgear.

Harmonic Analysis
Transient Capture
Waveform Recording
Voltage Sag and Swell

6.25.2 Basic-featured digital power metering to monitor all common electrical
parameters will be provided in each main transformer secondary feeder.

- 28 -

6.25.3 All units will be networked via Ethernet TCP/IP communication with
embedded Modbus protocol to CLSs EPICS monitoring and control
system.

6.25.4 Any required interface between revenue meters and the Facilities
Managements central control facility will be configured and provided by
Facilities Management.

6.25.5 Where current transformers supply remote device such as ammeters or
wattmeters mounted on control house panels (or similar panels), it is
preferred that a transducer be provided at the current transformer location
to supply a low-level signal to operate the remote device. Remote devices
may be supplied directly from current transformers and when so supplied,
a legible warning nameplate will identify the secondary leads of the current
transformers. The nameplate will be located at all circuit terminal points on
the panel and on the rear of the instrument.

6.25.6 Use of current transformers to supply remote devices requires the
approval of Owner.

6.25.7 Remote devices will not be directly supplied from current transformers that
are connected to protective relaying. Any one of the following may supply
them.

a. Independent current transformers.
b. Independent secondary windings of the relaying current
transformers.
c. Auxiliary current transformers supplied from the relaying current
transformers. Auxiliary current transformers will have a one-ampere
rated secondary winding to reduce voltage drop in the leads to the
remote devices.

6.25.8 Potential transformers secondary leads supplying remote meters will be
individually fused at the potential transformer location.

6.26 Alarms

6.26.1 An annunciator or individual alarm units will be located in the CLS control
room to supervise each of the alarm conditions.

6.26.2 Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger will be provided with an alarm as
follows:

a. A two-stage alarm will be actuated by contacts in the liquid
temperature thermometer and will give abnormal indication
whenever the transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled
- 29 -

operating temperature, as indicated by the thermometer. The
setting will be 90C for alarm and 105C for trip.

b. A single-stage alarm for each transformer with 2-float Buchholtz
relay (or equivalent), to be actuated by slow gas accumulation.

c. A single-stage alarm to be actuated by rapid pressure rise.

d. A single-stage liquid level gauge to be activated on falling liquid
level.

6.26.3 Transformer alarms will also be provided for differential relaying if
provided on the transformer.

6.26.4 Switchgear control power alarms will be provided as follows:

a. Control battery charger alarm as listed below for each substation
control battery:

Upon loss of AC battery charger, the detecting device will be
connected to the load side of the protective device or switch
(including devices internal to the charger) closest to the charger
in the supply circuit.
Low battery charger DC output voltage
High battery charger DC output voltage
Low battery voltage

b. Ground fault alarm actuated by contacts in the control power system
ground detector.
c. One alarm relay will be provided to monitor the trip circuit for each
DC controlled circuit breaker not controlling a motor.

6.26.5 Motor alarms will be provided as per project requirements. Alarms will be
located in the CLS control room unless specified otherwise.

6.26.6 Motor winding high temperature alarms when required will be set to
operate when the normal or anticipated motor load is exceeded and
before the overload relay setting is reached.

6.26.7 Operating sequence of motor-off alarm for critical motors will be as
follows:

a. Motor running light out and horn silent.
b. Motor shutdown from control station light on steadily and horn
silent
c. Motor shutdown by other means light on and flashing and horn
sounding.
- 30 -

6.26.8 A positive pressure ventilation alarm will be provided for each pressure-
ventilated building or room as follows:

a. The alarm will be actuated by a switch sensitive to air flow and will
give abnormal indication whenever there is no airflow from the
inside to the outside of the building or room.
b. The airflow switch will be a Dwyer Photohelic differential pressure
switch (range 0 to 6 mm H
2
O).
c. The switch will be mounted indoors on an outside wall
approximately 2 m above floor level. The opening to the outside will
be protected to minimize the effect of wind and prevent entrance of
water.
d. The alarm will have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during
momentary losses of air flow such as occur when the building door
is opened for entrance or exit of personnel.

6.26.9 A single alarm will be located in the CLS control room to supervise
substation alarm conditions.

6.26.10 All alarms will conform to the following:

a. Flasher units and relays used in annunciator cabinets will be plug-in
type.
b. Alarm systems will be fail-safe type utilizing normally closed alarm
contacts.
c. Annunciators will be solid-state type, of modular construction.
d. Acknowledge and lamp test switches will be provided for each
annunciator cabinet.

6.27 Grounding System

6.27.1 The grounding system of the facilities will be based on grounding
specification 16390, IEEE Std 141, Recommended Practice for Electric
Power Distribution in Industrial Plants and IEEE Std 1100, Powering and
Grounding Electronic Equipment.

6.27.2 Substation grounding will be based on IEEE Std 80, Guide for Safety in
Substation Grounding so that maximum tolerable step and touch potentials
are not exceeded.

6.27.3 The grounding system will be designed such that it adequately provides
protection against potential hazards associated with rise in voltage and
sparks caused by electrical faults, lightning discharges and accumulation
of static charges.

- 31 -

6.27.4 The grounding system will ensure safety to personnel in relation to touch
and step voltages and protect equipment against damage associated with
rise of potential.

6.27.5 A grounding system consisting of a grid of network of medium-hard drawn
bare copper conductors will be provided.

6.27.6 Ground grid conductors will be sized to withstand maximum expected
future fault current for 0.5 seconds.

6.27.7 The system will be designed to limit the overall resistance to earth to two
(2) OHMS or less, measured during the dry season.

6.27.8 All major electrical equipment rated 600 volts and above, such as
transformers, switchgear, large motors, motor controllers, etc., will be
connected to the ground with a minimum of two separate grounding
connections.

6.27.9 A main ground grid consisting of bare stranded copper cable and
compression connections will be provided below grade throughout the
facilities area. Cable risers will be brought above grade from the grid at
two or more locations near each site structure. These grounding systems
will consist of the conductive metal of approved raceway systems, such as
conduit and cable tray, and different sizes of bare stranded copper cable.

6.27.10 Electrical equipment, building steel, and metal components likely to
become energized under abnormal conditions will be effectively grounded
by direct or indirect connection to the main ground grid.

6.27.11 Columns and beams not directly connected to the grounding system will be
considered to be effectively grounded if they can be traced to a grounded
column through a series of metal-to-metal connections. Conductive
coatings at the connections will be considered as an adequate and
effective ground path.

6.27.12 Sensitive equipment, such as microcomputers, microprocessors,
electronic office machines, communication and telephone systems, and
instrumentation will be grounded in order to eliminate the non-current
carrying metallic parts becoming energized with a hazardous electrical
potential. These devices will be connected to a single point grounding
bus. Therefore, at each location, a local ground bus will be established as
the single grounding point where all the individual equipment-grounding
connections are made. If several local busses are required, a grounding
conductor will connect all local busses to a common bus. The common
ground bus, in turn, will be connected to the main ground grid.

- 32 -

6.28 Lighting

6.28.1 General

6.28.1.1 The lighting fixtures, transformers, panels, receptacles,
switches, wire, and raceways, and their design will comply
with the requirements of CEC. Illumination levels will be in
accordance with the Facilities Management Design
Guidelines, Design Manual part C.

6.28.1.2 General process area lighting will generally be controlled by
photocell or time clock and hand-off-auto selector switches
in conjunction with a contactor, or by individual photocell
within a fixture.

6.28.1.3 Lighting for control rooms, instrument boards and other
similar installations will be designed to illuminate vertical-
board-mounted equipment and details without glare.

6.28.1.4 Interior lighting will be switched with local switches
throughout.

6.28.1.5 The main control room should have a luminous ceiling that
will have provision for dimming by dimmer control.

6.28.1.6 Emergency lighting required for egress from buildings will be
provided by an emergency generator.

6.28.1.7 Locally switched and pilot lighted lighting (incandescent or
fluorescent) will be provided in mechanical duct systems, at
filter locations and near mechanical units where frequent
maintenance is required. In storage areas the lighting will be
designed to illuminate the lower shelves as much as
possible. Fluorescent lighting will be provided in crawl
spaces and/or chases.

6.28.1.8 Lighting panels will include individual labeled circuit
breakers. The panels will be designed so that, initially,
approximately 20 percent spare breakers and load capacity
will be available for future use.

6.28.1.9 Where practical, the lighting panels will be located in
corridors so that service and inspection can be done without
interfering with the occupants.

- 33 -

6.28.1.10 In main areas, the circuits will be on a staggered basis so
that if a single branch circuit breaker will trip any given area
will not be in total darkness.

6.28.1.11 Security lighting will be provided for the fenced areas,
building entrances, outside storage areas, parking areas
and other specified areas.

6.28.1.12 Lighting will enable personnel to safely exit enclosed areas
following the loss of electric power and lighting circuits.

6.28.1.13 Electromagnetic contractors to enable the switching of all
outdoor lighting fixtures from a central location will control
power supplied to all new outdoor lighting.

6.27.2 Lighting transformers

6.28.2.1 The lighting transformers will be 3-phase, 600/347 V and
600-120/208 volts, enclosed non-ventilated dry type with K-
Factor of 13, rated for loads with harmonic content.
Transformer secondary neutral will be solidly grounded.

6.28.2.2 Transformers will be equipped with 4 2.5% full capacity
taps, 2 above and 2 below rated primary voltage.

6.28.2.3 Lighting transformers for outdoor locations will be compound
filled, encapsulated or hermetically sealed dry type with
weatherproof enclosures.

6.28.2.4 Lighting transformer for indoor locations will be dry type.
Ventilated types are not permitted for dirty or below grade
locations.

6.28.2.5 Lighting transformer primary and secondary terminals will be
enclosed in junction boxes or a common terminal chamber
having adequate wiring space for connections. All
secondary leads will be fully insulated and brought outside
the transformer.

6.28.3 Lighting Fixtures and Receptacles

6.28.3.1 For selection of lighting fixtures (metal halide or fluorescent),
economic factors will be considered. HPS lamp fixtures will
be considered in areas where flood lighting is required.

- 34 -

6.28.3.2 In general, suitable rapid start fluorescent fixtures will be
used in low ceiling indoor areas requiring high illumination
levels such as offices, control rooms etc.

6.28.3.3 Fixtures for general room or area lighting requirements will
be symmetrical lens and fluorescent types. For control
rooms, a ceiling metallic grid parabolic system will be
provided.

6.28.3.4 Metal Halide and high-pressure sodium fixtures when used
will have constant wattage high power factor ballasts and
colour-corrected lamps.

6.28.3.5 Fluorescent fixtures will utilize T8 lamps with 4100 K
temperature and CRI of 80 or better. Quiet ballasts (sound
rated class A) will be used in offices, conference rooms and
similar low noise level areas.

6.28.3.6 All offices will be provided at least with two duplex
receptacles adjacent to the desk location. The receptacles
will be placed in separate boxes at least 150mm centre-to-
centre and not installed in one box.

6.28.3.7 Lobbies and corridors will be provided with sufficient
number of outlets to require no more than a 15 metre cord
for power-driven housekeeping machines. One of these
outlets will be provided near each caretakers office and
these outlets will be on separate circuits than outlets in user
spaces.

6.28.3.8 Duplex receptacles will be provided in the mechanical duct
systems at filter locations and near mechanical units in the
ceiling spaces and crawl spaces where frequent
maintenance will occur.

6.28.3.9 Receptacles will be provided to serve portable lights and
tools for maintenance of outdoor installations of equipment
and facilities as follows:

a. Outlets will be located within 5 m of the equipment to
be serviced and about 1 m above grade or platform.
b. Outside areas where the equipment or facility is
served with permanent lighting.
c. The Owner will review the final number and location of
outlets. These will be protected by ground fault circuit
interrupters.

- 35 -

6.28.3.10 Receptacles in buildings will be provided, as required, to
supply electrical equipment not supplied by permanent
wiring and to serve portable electrical devices.

6.28.3.11 Receptacles will be single-phase AC and will have a
separate contact for connection to the grounding pole in the
plug. Ground contacts in plugs and receptacles will be
arranged so that the grounding circuit is made first and
broken last.

6.28.3.12 Receptacle ratings will be 120 volt, 15 ampere.

6.28.3.13 Outdoor outlets will meet the following:

a. Plug will have shrouded contacts so that contacts
remain enclosed until circuit is broken.
b. Plugs will be held in the plugged-in position by
locking rings, twist lugs or equivalent.
c. Arcs resulting from breaking loads will be contained.
Plug and receptacle will incorporate arc-quenching
design of the main contacts, with means of delaying
full withdrawal until extinction is complete.

6.28.3.14 Branch circuits supplying outlets for general use will have an
ampacity not less than the ampere rating of the largest
receptacle supplied by the circuit. One circuit will supply not
more than six outlets.

6.28.3.15 Ground fault interrupters (GFI) will protect branch circuits
supplying outlets for general use

6.28.3.16 To ensure a reliable, low resistance connection, all wiring
terminations to receptacles will be by screw-compression
wiring contacts. Push-in wiring contacts will not be
accepted.

6.29 Welding Outlets

6.29.1 Welding outlets will be supplied from motor control centres.

6.29.2 Welding outlets will be 3 phase, 600 V combination circuit breaker and
receptacle type suitable for the serviced area.

6.29.3 Location of welding outlets within unit areas will be as per project
requirements. A minimum of two (2) grade mounted welding outlets will be
provided for each process unit. The Owner will approve the final number
and location of outlets.
- 36 -

6.29.4 Location of outlets will provide adequate coverage throughout the unit area
for portable welding machines. Anticipated runs of DC welding cables
with the use of welding outlets will not exceed 30 m.

6.29.5 When outlets are provided, welding terminal boxes will not be furnished
unless specified.

6.29.6 Feeders supplying welding outlets will be sized based on a 0.4 demand
factor.

6.30 Raceway System

6.30.1 Cable Tray

6.30.1.1 The main selection criteria for designing and installing a
proper cable tray system will be based upon the following:
CSA load class
Width and height
Type of tray bottom
Material
Span
Deflection
Fittings
Bonding
Support structures

6.30.1.2 For power and distribution, generally ladder, ventilated or
solid tray will be specified.

6.30.1.3 For instrumentation, data and communications generally
channel or centre hung tray will be specified, although solid
and ventilated tray may occasionally be used as well.

6.30.1.4 Cable tray and accessories will be rigid steel, hot-dipped
galvanized, CSA Standard load classification E.

6.30.1.5 If covers are used, the weight of the cover will be taken into
account and added to cable tray loading. For outdoor
applications, wind and snow loading will be added to the
weight of the cables, thereby reducing cable tray load
capacities.

6.30.1.6 The maximum cross-sectional loading area of the trays will
be as per table 1.

- 37 -

TABLE 1
Type of Installation Maximum Percent Fill
Cable Tray (trough or ladder type)
Power cables only (3-inch deep tray) 40
Power cables only (4-inch deep tray) 30
Power and control cables combined 40
Control and electronics cables only 50
Cable Tray (solid bottom)
Power and control cables combined
(3-inch deep tray) 30
Control and electronics cable only
(6-inch deep tray) 40
Wireway 20
Conduits and Ducts
One cable 53
Two cables 31
Three or more cables 40

6.30.1.7 The maximum allowable cable ampacities determined for
power cables are based upon 40% fill in 3-inch deep trays
(same as 30% of 4-inch deep tray). If greater percent fills
are allowed or deeper trays are used, then the maximum
allowable cable ampacities will need to be reduced to
compensate for the resulting heat generation and
dissipation problems.

6.30.1.8 Cable tray supports will be field located by the installation
contractor and placed at intervals not exceeding 6 metres
measured along the tray centerlines and also in accordance
with standard details.

6.30.1.9 Cable trays must be supported either from overhead or
adjacent structural members. Closer supporting may be
required for outdoor installations, vertical installations, and
installations where more than one level of tray share the
same supports.

6.30.1.10 Trays containing power cables only will be limited to 76 mm
deep. If power cables are installed in trays greater than 76
mm in depth, cable ampacities will be derated accordingly.

6.30.1.11 Where possible, cable entries to electrical power sources
(i.e., switchgear, MCC) will be from below to simplify tray
systems.

- 38 -

6.30.1.12 Trays will be located so that the lowest part of the cable tray
support assembly is at least 2.1 metres above floors to
maintain minimum headroom requirements. Trays in cable
spreading rooms may need to be less than 2 metres due to
the high concentration of cables in the area.

6.30.1.13 Cable trays will not be routed through areas where there is
potential for accumulation of oil or other combustible
materials on the cables. If cable trays must be routed
through these areas, the cable trays must be provided with
tray covers designed to minimize the amount of such
material reaching the cables.

6.30.1.14 Trays will not be located near heat sources (burner fronts,
steam piping, heat exchangers, etc.) unless cables are
adequately derated and suitable for the higher ambient
temperatures. If this is not practical or possible, a protective
heat barrier will be installed.

6.30.1.15 Circuits in cable spreading areas will be limited to those
performing control and instrument functions and those power
supply circuits and facilities serving the control room and
instrument systems.

6.30.1.16 Where routed through cable spreading areas, power supply
circuits to instrument and control room distribution panels will
be installed in conduits.

6.30.1.17 Extra consideration must be given to the strength of the
support elements (beam clamps, anchor bolts, hanger rods,
etc.) used to support vertical stacks and long vertical runs of
cable tray.

6.30.1.18 Each section of cable tray will be connected to adjacent
sections using splice plates or approved coupling device
and located within of the span from the supports.

6.30.1.19 Where cable trays are located over any electrical equipment,
the minimum vertical separation of approximately 0.90 m
from the top of the equipment to the bottom of the tray will be
maintained.

6.30.1.20 The cable tray system will be mounted so that sufficient
space above the tray is provided to permit installation of any
approved cable-pulling equipment.

- 39 -

6.30.1.21 A minimum variety of tray sizes and fittings will be chosen to
simplify design and inventory.

6.30.1.22 Fittings will be limited to 45 and 90 degrees. Special, 30
and 60 fittings will be used only when required to satisfy
special requirements.

6.30.1.23 The choice of radius for tray fittings will be a minimum of 8
times the diameter of the largest nonshielded cable or 12
times the diameter of the largest shielded cable to be
installed, whichever is larger. A minimum variety of radii will
be used.

6.30.1.24 In general, the recommended minimum vertical clearance
between cable trays will be 300 mm, measured from the
bottom of the upper tray to the top of the lower tray. At least
230 mm clearance will be maintained between the top of
trays and beams, piping, etc., to facilitate installation of
cables in the tray.

6.30.1.25 Two or more horizontal trays located adjacent to each other
will not be located against a wall, unless the vertical
clearance above the trays is increased to 813 mm.

6.30.1.26 Where trays are located adjacent to one another, an
adequate workspace of 610 mm minimum will be
maintained on one side of each tray.

6.30.1.27 Except as indicated otherwise herein, all indoor vertical
trough and ladder type trays will be furnished with louvered
ventilated covers. All indoor horizontal trays located under
grating floors or insulated pipe be furnished with solid covers
which extend at least 610 mm beyond that part of the trays
directly exposed beneath the grating floor or insulated pipe.
Indoors, covers may be omitted on those lower trays of
stacked trough and ladder type trays where a covered tray at
a higher elevation in the stack provides complete vertical
shielding to the lower tray. All outdoor trays will be furnished
with solid covers. Trays that are specified to have solid
bottoms will also have solid covers throughout, including all
horizontal runs, all fittings, and all vertical runs.

6.30.1.28 The cable tray system will be electrically continuous. All
trays containing power circuits will be provided with a
continuous ground conductor installed in or on the entire
length of the tray system. This ground must be connected to
the station ground grid at locations indicated on the
- 40 -

grounding drawings. For cable trays containing control or
instrument circuits only, a ground conductor is not required;
however, the tray will be connected to building steel at
intervals not exceeding 45 metres, and will be mechanically
connected to any enclosure or raceway to which the tray
terminates. Where connection of control and instrument tray
to building steel or at terminations as indicated is not
possible, ground jumpers will be used as required to
maintain electrical continuity. Cable trays will be grounded
at intervals not exceeding 15 m.

6.30.1.29 Effective fire stops will be provided for cable entries into
equipment. All penetrations through walls for cable trays
especially into cable spreading rooms and all vertical
penetrations through floors will also be provided with fire
stops.

6.30.1.30 Where trays extend vertically through concrete floors and
platforms, curbs or other suitable means will be provided to
prevent water flow through the floor or platform opening.

6.30.1.31 Cable tray fills will be limited to no more than 40% of the
cross-sectional loading area of the tray except that trays
containing power cables rated 2,000 volts and higher will be
limited to 30% fill. The 30% fill limitation may be exceeded if
a single layer of power cables is installed which does not
exceed 40% fill.

6.30.1.32 The electrical conductors for redundant systems will be
separated by arrangement of cable trays and/or protective
barriers such that no single event will prevent operation of
the required number of redundant systems. The degree of
separation required varies with the potential hazards in a
particular area.

6.30.1.33 Cable trays containing circuits for redundant systems will be
arranged to minimize the possibility of a fire damaging more
than one system or propagating from one system to another.

6.30.1.34 Cable trays will not be loaded initially to greater than 80% of
their load capacity. Snow and ice build-up will be taken into
consideration for outdoor areas. Deflections will not exceed
EEMAC standards.

6.30.1.35 The cable trays will be separated as follows:

- 41 -

Intrinsic safe cables in own trays, or separated by
barriers.
Instrument 24V, thermocouples, 4-20 mA signals,
communications
Instrument 115 V & discrete.
LV and Motor control cables/Lighting cables
HV Power Cables

6.30.1.36 Providing all conductors are insulated for the maximum
voltage of any conductor within the tray, power cables of 600
volts or less may occupy the same tray, without regard to
voltage level of the individual circuits or whether the
individual circuits are alternating or direct current.

6.30.1.37 Power cables rated over 600 volts will not occupy the same
tray with conductors or systems of 600 volts or less, unless
the cables rated over 600 volts are kept physically
separated from those rated 600 volts or less by a solid,
noncombustible, fixed barrier installed in the tray.

6.30.1.38 The 600 volt insulated conductors used for control, relay, and
metering circuits may occupy the same tray as 600 volt
insulated power circuit conductors. When this is done, the
ampacity of the power cables will be reviewed carefully
since position and grouping of the power cables in the tray is
not controlled.

6.30.1.39 Conductors of systems sensitive to electrical noise will not
occupy the same tray with conductors of power or control
systems, and will be run in a separate instrument tray
system. This tray system will be solid bottom with solid
covers. Requirements of system manufacturers must be
followed when routing cables for noise sensitive systems.

6.30.1.40 Trays for cables of different voltage levels will be stacked in
descending order with the higher voltage above. Instrument
cable trays will be lowest.

6.30.1.41 Since the tangent length on fittings varies between
manufacturers, the tray layout will need to be flexible enough
to be installed by any acceptable supplier.

6.30.1.42 Large cables that are installed in a single layer (not stacked)
may extend above the siderail of the tray and may take more
than 30 percent of the available tray space. Specific
justification is required for these cases to obtain Owners
approval.
- 42 -

6.30.1.43 Factors to be carefully considered for cable ampacities in
trays will include the examination and application of:

a. Ambient temperature during facilities operation.
b. Cable insulation, type of jacket, and vendor-supplied
nominal diameter
c. Maximum continuous loads in amperes.
d. Load demand expected.
e. Cable sizes selected for the loads.
f. CSA/IEEE/ICEA ampacities allowed for the depth of
fill in the trays and for each type of power cable used
in the tray.

6.30.1.44 When only instrument or control cables (all below 10 A, all
below 150 V AC or DC), are included in a tray, any tray
depth up to and including 152 mm is acceptable.

6.30.1.45 In high radiation areas and where power cable carry high
frequency current (such as cables connecting fast rise time
PWM inverter drives to AC motors) solid-bottom tray with
solid covers will be specified to provide additional shielding,
if required.

6.30.1.46 Certain cables, such as fiber optic and coaxial cables, which
are more delicate than normal multiconductor control cables,
may require special handling.

6.30.1.47 Single conductor cables for identified control systems, which
are laid in cable trays, will be grouped together using nylon
Ty-Raps or equal.

6.30.1.48 If a 152 mm deep tray is used for instrumentation or control
cables, it may suit inventory convenience to use the same
tray depth for power cables, even though the extra depth will
not be utilized.

6.30.1.49 Wiring for personal safety system will be separate from all
other wiring and enclosed in conduits clearly identified.

6.30.2 Wireway

6.30.2.1 Horizontal wireways must be securely supported at intervals
not exceeding 1,524 mm, unless especially approved for
supports at greater intervals, but in no case may the
distance between supports exceed 3 metres. Vertical runs
- 43 -

must be supported at intervals not exceeding 4 metres and
may not have more than one joint between supports.

6.30.2.2 Installed wireways must permit accessibility for cable
installation and covers must be unobstructed.

6.30.2.3 Wireways will not contain more than 30 current-carrying
conductors at any cross-section. Conductors for signaling
circuits or controller conductors between a motor and its
starter and used only for starting duty will not be considered
as current-carrying conductors.

6.30.2.4 The sum of cross-sectional areas of all contained
conductors at any cross section of the wireway will not
exceed 20 percent of the interior cross-sectional area of the
wireway.

6.30.2.5 Where the derating factors are applied, the number of
current-carrying conductors will not be limited but the sum of
the cross-sectional area of all contained conductors at any
cross section of the wireway will not exceed 20 percent of
the interior cross-sectional area of the wireway.

6.30.3 Conduits

6.30.3.1 Hot-dipped galvanized rigid steel conduit with threaded
fittings will be specified where conduit installation is required
except as noted below:
Rigid galvanized steel with bonded 40 mil PVC
coating for corrosive atmosphere.
Liquid-tight, PVC jacketed, flexible conduit for all
equipment that might be subject to vibrations.
Schedule 40 PVC pipe sleeves for buried cables.

6.30.3.2 Minimum size of conduit will be 18 mm for exposed runs and
25 mm for embedded installations.

6.30.3.3 Conduit fills will not exceed the recommendation of the
Canadian Electrical Code.

6.30.3.4 A run of conduit will not contain more than the equivalent of
four 90 bends between pull boxes, including those
immediately at outlets or fittings.

6.30.3.5 The spacing between conduits will be sufficient to allow the
installation of locknuts and bushings.
- 44 -

6.30.3.6 Except where buried in concrete, all conduits will be
provided with adequate support at intervals not exceeding
1.5 metres for conduits 32 mm (1 inches) and smaller,
and 3 metres for conduits 38 mm (1 inches) and larger.

6.30.3.7 The sleeve size selected for a conduit penetration will be
large enough to permit the conduit coupling to pass through
the sleeve. There will also be adequate space to install
sealing material. Approximately 13 mm (1/2 inch) of space
will be sufficient for insulating material.

6.30.3.8 If the conduit size is not known at the time, a sleeve size will
be specified, the designer will size the sleeve for the largest
conduit size that may be required.

6.30.3.9 The inside radius of conduit bends will not be less than six
times the inside diameter of the conduit nor that determined
by dividing the cable pulling tension out of the bend by the
maximum allowable sidewall pressure for the cables (200 is
recommended and 300 is the maximum sidewall pressure).

6.30.3.10 Conduit lengths between pull boxes will not exceed the
maximum allowable for cable pulling tension.

6.30.3.11 Conduit runs and entries into enclosures will be adequately
spaced to provide for the installation of conduit fittings.

6.30.3.12 Flexible conduit must be provided wherever conduit runs
bridge expansion or vibration isolation joint or are attached
to two independently supported structures. Flexible conduit
lengths may not be greater than 762 mm (30 inches).

6.30.3.13 Conduits installed outdoors or in high humidity areas where
water might enter or condense inside the conduit will be
routed into the bottom of enclosures. Where conduits must
enter the top of enclosures in such areas, conduit seals with
drain holes will be provided.

6.30.3.14 To provide superior shielding and grounding characteristics
and to avoid damage of conductor insulation due to
radiation, conduits and associate hardware for electronic
load equipment will be rigid steel, hot-dipped galvanized.

6.30.3.15 When flexible metal conduit is specified, a separate
equipment-grounding conductor will be used inside the
- 45 -

flexible conduit to increase grounding and shielding
effectiveness.

6.30.4 Duct Banks and Buried Conduits

6.30.4.1 The underground duct banks will be schedule 40 PVC sized
50 mm through 150 mm encased in concrete and/or direct
buried. A minimum spacing of 50 mm will be maintained
between the ducts.

6.30.4.2 Below grade conduits must meet the same requirements as
provided above grade conduit in addition to the following:

Sufficient earth cover, concrete encasement, and
reinforcements must be provided to prevent damage.
Manholes and handholes must be provided to permit
pulling cables within their allowable pulling tensions.
The raceways must be sloped for drainage of water
from the ducts towards manholes provided with a
sump pit.

6.30.4.3 To avoid the possibility of cables jamming in a conduit or
duct during installation, it is recommended that for three
single conductors (nontriplexed) the maximum percent of
cable fill be less than 30% or greater than 39%.

6.30.4.4 Conduits installed below grade and required to be encased
in concrete will be encased by not less than 76 mm of
concrete, will be buried not less than 610 mm below the
finished grade elevations, and will be sloped to provide
drainage of water. A means for drainage of water from the
low point of conduits must be provided.

6.30.4.5 To avoid corrosion of its threads, conduit exiting a concrete
encasement and extended to equipment will not be
terminated flush with a coupling at the concrete surfaces. An
exception is in locations where conduits extending beyond
the concrete encasement might be damaged during
construction.

6.31 Power Factor Correction

6.31.1 Improvements in power factor may be desired for financial reasons (to
lower utility costs associated with power factor penalties) or operational
reasons (to lower system losses, increase system reserve capacity, or
improve voltage conditions).

- 46 -

6.31.2 Power factor capacitors, if specified, will be added as necessary to
minimize the electrical kVA power demand. Larger, higher voltage
capacitor banks are generally more economical than capacitor units
installed with individual motors.

6.31.3 Extreme caution will be used when applying capacitors to ensure that they
do not cause resonance conditions that can magnify harmonic levels and
cause excessive voltage distortion.

6.31.4 Load harmonic profiles will be calculated or estimated (current harmonic
profile estimated from typical individual pieces of electronic load
equipment based upon experience or data supplied by the OEM).

6.32 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems

6.32.1 An intelligent, microprocessor based, completely supervised, single stage,
zoned, non-coded and fully addressable fire alarm system will be provided
as described in Specification No. 16721.

6.33 Communication Systems

6.33.1 The design of communications facilities including communication conduit,
wireways, cables, terminal boards, junction boxes, outlets, and all
ancillaries will be provided to meet project specific requirements.

6.33.2 A public address system will be provided, with page/party facilities,
handsets, amplifiers, speakers, interconnecting wiring, and raceways.

6.34 Heat Tracing (Freeze Protection)

6.34.1 Electrical heat tracing (freeze protection) will be provided for water-filled
piping and instrument sensing lines routed outdoors that are subject to
freezing. Water lines will be designed to maintain flow, where practical.
Lines not normally self-draining or drained during normal shutdown will be
freeze-protected. Self-draining lines include such services as drains and
discharges to sumps and sump pump discharges to grade. Electrical heat
tracing will be the self-regulating type, wherever possible, and will be
provided with necessary power distribution equipment.

6.35 Hazardous Locations

6.35.1 Hazardous locations will be identified as to type and degree of hazard as
defined by the Canadian Electrical Code.

6.35.2 Classifications will be shown on the Area Classification drawings.

- 47 -

6.35.3 Each equipment enclosure will be suitable for the respective area
classification in which it is installed.

6.36 Lightning Protection

6.36.1 A lightning protection system will be provided to protect facilities from
damage due to lightning stroke or discharge.

6.36.2 The lightning protection system will be an active attraction system
designed to attract the lightning strike to a preferred point through an air
terminal and to convey the energy safely to ground.

6.36.3 The lightning protection system will include the following components:
An enhanced active air terminal of the type designed to minimize
corona emissions and optimise streamer inception at a
predetermined time.
An insulated low impedance down-conductor to conduct the energy
to ground safely and effectively.
A 6 metre copper-clad steel ground rod c/w access ground well and
chemical electrodes filled with conductive electrolytes to provide
better grounding conductivity (if required to reduce grounding
resistance to acceptable level).
A lightning event counter.

6.36.4 The air terminal will be insulated from the protected structure under all
conditions. The mast will be adequately rated for wind shear loading and
guy wires will be provided as appropriate to local environmental
conditions.

6.36.5 The down-conductor will consist a plastic filler (to increase effective
diameter of core conductor), main copper conductor, semiconducting
stress control layer, polyethylene high voltage insulation, semiconducting
stress control layer, copper tape screen and electrically conductive plastic
sheath. Insulation breakdown ratings between main conductor and copper
tape will be no less than 200 kV based on 1/50 s wave shape as defined
in ANSI C62.41.

6.36.6 The lightning event counter will have an electronic register that activates
one count for every discharge where the peak current exceeds 1500 A.
The test wave shape will be the 8/20 s standard as defined by ANSI
C62.41. The lightning event counter will be suitable for outdoor installation
in 40C to + 40C temperature and installed in EEMAC 4 enclosure.

- 48 -

7.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA

All equipment supplied will bear the approval label of the Canadian
Standards Association (CSA). Where CSA approval is not available, the
Vendor will secure approval of the Technical Safety Services Branch of the
Department of Industry and Labour, Province of Saskatchewan prior to
shipment of equipment to site. Evidence of such approval will be
presented to the Owner, prior to shipment of the equipment from the
factory.

7.1 Equipment and materials selected for the CLS project will reflect the
expected life span of 25 years and operating and environmental conditions
to be experienced.

7.2 Least capital cost will be the main governing criterion for selection of major
equipment such as transformers, switchgears, MCCs, motors and any
other electrical equipment.

7.3 In certain unique situations, such as in cases where the owner may have
required (and/or paid for) existing equipment, low loss transformers or high
efficiency motors, the economic criterion needs to expand beyond least
capital cost. In such cases, bidders will be evaluated on losses as follows:
[no load + load losses] * [$XXXXIkW] + capital cost.]

7.4 Suppliers failing to meet guaranteed maximum losses as stated in their
proposals will be penalized at [$XXXXXlkW] for no-load losses and
[$XXXXlkW) for load losses.

7.5 Switchgear, MCCs, switchboards, and control equipment will be fully rated
for short circuit duty. Series-rated, series-connected, or cascade-rated
equipment will not be used. Use of low voltage current limiting fuses to limit
short circuit duty and use of an approved combination motor controller that
is rated as an assembly will be permitted.

7.6 Maximum operating loads will be used in calculations for sizing electrical
power supply, distribution equipment and power cables. Maximum
operating load is the maximum demand including known future demand. In
new installations a minimum of 10% will be included for future demand.
Demand is the electrical load averaged over a one-hour period.

7.7 If actual load data is available, the maximum operating load used for
calculations involving portions of existing facilities will not exceed the
maximum 15 minute or 30 minute demand measured over a minimum of a
one-year period. Depending on the nature of the loads, the maximum
operating load may be substantially less than the total connected load.

- 49 -

8.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND SIZING

8.1 HV Switchgear

8.1.1 Existing HV switchgear from Preston substation will be used for CLS
facilities.

8.1.2 HV switchgear will be outdoor, metal-enclosed, load interrupter with
vacuum break equipment and dead-front structures grouped together for
centralized control.

8.1.3 Spare circuit breaker and/or interrupter switch cubicles will be fully
equipped for future addition of circuit breakers and/or interrupter switches
without further modification to the assembly.

8.1.4 Control circuits, protective relaying and operating mechanisms of circuit
breakers and/or disconnect switches will be 125 Vdc supplied from a
battery charger located inside the main building.

8.2 Power Transformers

8.2.1 The main transformers will be outdoor, oil-immersed type, 3-phase delta
connected primary and wye connected solidly grounded secondary with
externally operated no-load full capacity tap changers on the high voltage
winding and metal oxide lightning arresters on the low voltage side.

8.2.2 Dual temperature rise transformers will be specified to limit initial
maximum load below 80% of site-rated self-cooled rating of the
transformer. This will allow for load growth or changes from the time of
purchase to project completion. For self-cooled transformers, an
assessment will be made to determine if the load data are preliminary or
firm. If preliminary, a 20 percent margin will be provided for potential load
growth between transformer procurement and project completion. If client
or contract commitments require a specific margin at project completion,
this will be accounted for. Demand load factors, if not specifically known,
will generally be 80 percent for 600 V loads.

8.2.3 Ambient temperatures affect load capacities of transformers.
Transformers are rated for 30 C average over 24 hrs, 40 C maximum.
Standard transformers have a 55 degree C rise, but dual rated 55/65 C
transformers will be specified, for 12 % extra margin to account for
harmonics as data is not available.

8.2.4 The short circuit capacities of power systems can be controlled, within
limits, by the proper selection of transformer impedance. For example the
standard impedance for a 1000 kva, 25 kV/600 Volt transformer is 5.75%
- 50 -

and 8%. Large transformers have a range of impedance usually at no
additional cost within standard ranges and at added cost outside those
ranges.

8.2.5 Transformer impedance is selected to optimize voltage regulation and
short circuit duty. A transformers impedance will be increased to allow for
lower bus and breaker ratings, or decreased to start a large motor if cost
premium can be justified.

8.2.6 The transformers will have output and impedance ratings and identical
vector groups suitable for operation in parallel.

8.2.7 Power transformers for outdoor locations will be oil immersed sealed tank
construction.

8.2.8 Transformers for indoor locations, supplying general service type loads
such as shops or office buildings, will be as follows:

a. For clean above grade locations, ventilated dry type.
b. For dirty or below grade locations, hermetically sealed dry type.
c. When dry type is not available, the non-flammable liquid type.

8.2.9 Dry type transformers will be equipped with over-voltage protection when
connected to systems above 600 Volts.

8.2.10 For liquid filled transformers; the type of liquid preservation system will be
specified.

8.2.11 Enclosed terminals and connections are required for all power
transformers except as follows:

a. Transformers fed by bare wire lines.
b. Transformers in open bus switchyards.

8.2.12 The use of transformers with open terminals and connections requires the
approval of Owner.

8.2.13 Power transformers without on-load tap changing will have four 2.5% full
capacity taps for de-energized operation. Taps will be arranged to have
an adjustment both up and down so that rated voltage may be obtained at
the secondary terminals when normal primary voltage is applied. For
average conditions, an arrangement of two taps above and two taps below
rated primary voltage is suitable. If the rated secondary voltage is the
same as the utilization device rated voltage, then all taps will be below
rated primary voltage. Tap changer will be externally operable from grade
level.

- 51 -

8.2.14 In radial distribution, primary-fused transformers 500 kVA and larger will
be protected against single-phasing by one of the following:

Negative sequence voltage relaying on secondary side. Relay to be
network filter type. An auxiliary time delay relay will be provided to
prevent unnecessary operation of the anti-single-phase protection
scheme during system transient disturbances.
Mechanical sensing of blown fuse (trigger fuse or fuse with striker
pin).
Protection will cause opening of primary 3-phase load-break device
(such as contactor) for transformer fed individually.
Protection will cause an alarm.
Protection schemes using 3-phase undervoltage relays to sense
voltage unbalance and 3-phase current relays to sense current
unbalance are not acceptable.

8.2.15 Fault pressure relaying (63) will be furnished on transformers larger than
1500 kVA where it is possible to trip primary breaker or controller.

8.2.16 Deletion of ground fault relaying on transformers smaller than 500 kVA
requires the approval of Owner.

8.2.17 Transformers will be specified with manufacturers standard impedance
except when other values are required to meet voltage drop limitations or
cost saving by the use of switchgear with lower interrupting rating.

8.2.18 Electrostatically shielded isolation type transformers will be specified for
interfacing between the building electrical distribution system and
electronic load equipment.

8.2.19 To minimize voltage waveform distortion due to non-linear electronic load
equipment and to improve voltage regulation of the transformer, dry-type
isolation transformers will be specified with an impedance range of 3-5%
as calculated at the nominal line frequency. The impedance will not
exceed 6% in any case.

8.2.20 The transformer neutral bus will be rated at 200% of the secondary full load
ampere rating to accommodate the large neutral currents resulting from
triplen harmonics and phase imbalance.

8.2.21 For calculating K-factor, harmonic profiles of load currents will be
measured and recorded at main transformers serving the load rather than
at individual loads downstream locations, to avoid the tendency of
calculating a higher than necessary K-factor.

8.2.22 The transformers will be specified with a rated K-factor of equal to or
larger than the load K-factor. If the load K-factor is not known at the time, a
- 52 -

K-factor of 20 will be specified. In any case, the K-factor will not be less
than 13.

8.2.23 Derating of conventional transformers (if required) will be in accordance
with IEEE Standard C57.10.

8.3 Circuit Breakers

8.3.1 Safety is of prime importance in breaker sizing. Loading power circuit
breakers close to its 100% rating is not advisable. The circuit breaker will
be sized to safely break the circuit under all cases of overload and fault
conditions.

8.3.2 On new installations the short circuit capacity of the breakers and bus will
take into consideration future system growth. System studies will be
conducted to show future system growth capabilities.

8.3.3 Medium voltage circuit breakers have "nominal" MVA ratings for
identification. The actual MVA at operating voltage is always less than the
nominal rating. Published interrupting current only will be used.

8.3.4 600 Volts power circuit breakers are rated at 100% of their long time
rating. It is recommended that when sizing a new breakers feeder it be
sized for 100% of the breaker setting and the initial load be limited to 80%.

8.3.5 Main incoming breakers for radial substations fed directly at bus voltage
may be omitted under any of the following conditions:

a. There is a load-break incoming switch.
b. Manual transfer tripping of the source breaker is provided.
c. The source breaker is in the same room.

8.3.6 Phase overcurrent relays or direct acting trip devices are required for all
substation main secondary and incoming breakers to provide main bus
fault protection. Ground fault overcurrent protection is also required for
breakers of substations with low resistance or solidly grounded neutrals.

8.3.7 Circuit breakers, switches and contactors whose load side terminals can
be energized when in the position from a source outside their own
switchgear or control center assembly will be identified by a legible
nameplate mounted on the front of their compartment.

8.3.8 Molded-case breakers used for branch circuit protection must have an
interrupting rating of at least 90% of the theoretically available symmetrical
fault current from all sources. The low-voltage motor contribution is
calculated as:

- 53 -

0.9 x (motor locked rotor current) x (AC decrement)

If better data is unavailable, AC decrement will be calculated as follows:

Decrement = e
-(1/2 cycle) / (time constant)

8.3.9 Circuit breakers feeding electronic load equipment will be either thermal-
magnetic trip unit type or electronic trip unit type with true-RMS and peak
sensing.

8.4 Buses

8.4.1 Standard bus bracing has increased over the years especially at the 480
volt level. For example 65,000 amp bracing is the norm now in MCCs
while 22,000 amps was standard in years past. Bus bracing can be a
safety issue so it is important to have some extra margin.

8.4.2 When adding load to existing busses both the added current and any
increase in the short circuit level will be considered.

8.4.3 For buses between equipment of less than 1200 amps the cost of using
cable or cable bus will be compared.

8.5 Cables

8.5.1 Feeders to busses and power transformers above 600 volts will be sized
to withstand short circuit thermal stress without damage to the feeders.
The maximum short circuit level of the supply and clearing time of the
feeder protective device will be used to determine this condition. Cable at
600 V and below, and feeders to motors above 600 V, will not be
increased in size because of short circuit duty.

8.5.2 Motor feeders will have an ampacity not less than 1.25 times the motor full
load current and the minimum size will be 4 mm
2
(No. 12 AWG).

8.5.3 Lighting feeders feeding lighting panels will have an ampacity not less than
the adjusted maximum demand of the load. The minimum size of branch
feeder will be 4 mm
2
(No. 12 AWG).

8.5.4 Minimum conductor sizes will be determined based on permissive current,
ambient temperature, grouping factor, installation method, voltage drop
and available short-circuit current.

8.5.5 Power cables will be rated for 90C continuous conductor temperature,
130C emergency overload temperature, and 250C short-circuit
temperature. A cable rated at these conditions can withstand 90C
continuously as well as emergency overload of 130C for 100 hours in any
- 54 -

given 12 months and not more than 500 hours for the entire life of the
cable. The 250C short-circuit rating is the temperature of the conductor
during a one second ground fault.

8.5.6 Cable ampacities will be based on the rated conductor temperature using
the applicable tables and derating factors from the CEC. Where the CEC
does not cover a specific application, such as with certain duct bank
configurations, the IEEE/ICEA tables and associated methods of derating
cables will be used. Required ampacities will be based on the following
loading criteria:

Transformer feeders 125 percent of maximum transformer
rating

Motor feeders 125 percent of motor full load current

Feeders to load centers 100 percent of full load current plus
and MCCs 25 percent of the largest connected
load current

Other individual load 125 percent of rated full load current
feeders

8.5.7 Minimum acceptable conductor size will be as follows:

4.0 mm
2
for power (#12 AWG)
2.5 mm
2
for control (#14 AWG)
1.0 mm
2
for 24 volt systems (#18 AWG)
4.0 mm
2
for lighting (#12 AWG)
1.0 mm
2
for instrumentation (#18 AWG)

8.5.8 To provide a low impedance, high frequency bonding path plus
electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding between the enclosed circuit
conductors and other nearby conductors, cables will be specified with
galvanized steel armour (Teck 90) sheath (the construction of metal-clad
cable causes all circuit conductors to be tightly bundled together there by
reducing the intensity of the magnetic field and self inductance leading to a
lower voltage drop).

8.5.9 Cable construction will be as described below:

Insulation XLPE or PVC for 0 to 1,000 volts and EPR or XLPE for
1,000 volts to 35,000 volts
Sheath-Steel Armour (aluminum armour is not acceptable)
Shielding Overall shield for 25 kV power cables.
Individual pairs and overall shield for instrumentation
cables.
- 55 -

Overall jacket PVC, sun and ozone resistant, flame retardant.
Halogen free for tunnels.

8.5.10 Conductor phase identification is an important aspect of cable use and
purchase. The colour coding of each cable and/or conductor will allows for
the proper termination of cable and/or conductor on the correct termination
point without the necessity of ringing-out each wire as it is terminated. This
saves significant construction time and craft job hours. Colour coding will
be specified as per CSA Standard C22.2 No. 131.

8.5.11 All cables utilizing #1 AWG and smaller conductors will be multi-conductor-
jacketed cables. Cables #1/0 AWG through #4/0 AWG will be multi-
conductor-jacketed cables. For conductors larger than #4/0 AWG, either
three parallel conductors or triplex cable will be specified.

8.5.12 All cables except thermocouple and/or RTDs will be stranded.
Thermocouple and/or RTD cables will be specified as solid conductors.
Stranding provides flexibility to the cable needed to pull, bend and
terminate it. Cables will be specified as Class B stranding. If extra
flexibility is needed, Class C stranding will be considered.

8.5.13 All cables #1/0 AWG and larger will be specified with uncoated conductors
to take advantage of cost savings, lower conductor resistance and lower
cable weight.

8.5.14 Uncoated conductors whose ends (at the termination points) are exposed
to the atmosphere will form copper-oxides that can be identified by their
characteristic green coloration due to hydrogen sulphides and dull brown
appearance. Since for small size wires (#16 AWG and smaller) this
corrosion may be detrimental, these sizes will be specified as coated
conductors. It should be noted that this is the normal cable manufacturer
practice.

8.5.15 Cable bending radii will not be less than that recommended by the
manufacturer.

8.5.16 The number of conductors to be provided in each control cable will be such
that at least one spare conductor will be available for three conductors in
use and two spare conductors will be available for four or more conductors
in use. Motor control cables are an exception. Combination cables for
motor power and control are acceptable.

8.6 Motor Control Centres and Switchboards

8.6.1 Motor control centers (MCC) are available with horizontal busses rated
from 600 to 2500 amps and vertical busses from 300 to 1200 amps. 800
amp horizontal bus and 300 amp vertical bus are commonly specified so
- 56 -

as not to concentrate too many motors on one bus. Front mounted only
MCCs come with 300 amp vertical bus standard while back-to-back
MCCs are normally supplied with 600 amp bus as standard. Most
manufactures supply 65,000 amp minimum bus bracing as standard.

8.6.2 Motor control centres consisting of assemblies of combination starters are
preferred. When the starter is withdrawn from its stationary enclosure, the
line side will be disconnected. Consideration will be given to mounting
motor control centres on 100 mm (4 in.) channel iron sections (or concrete
sill) to ensure that there is adequate space at the bottom for wiring and
conduit seals; however, with the use of non-explosion-proof seals
(compound bushings), the additional space is likely not needed.

8.6.3 Manually operated air-break starters locally mounted near motors and
supplied from separate circuit breakers are acceptable only for fractional
horsepower, single-phase motors in service where tripping on under-
voltage is not desired. Manual starters will be located in sight of and near
the motor in a position providing safe and convenient operation.

8.6.4 Motor starter circuit breakers will be rated to interrupt or safely close on the
system fault current.

8.6.5 Motor starter will be capable of interrupting motor locked rotor current.

8.6.6 An individual circuit breaker will be provided for each motor controlled by a
starter. An exception is that a common circuit breaker may be used to
supply starters for two or more motors under the following conditions,
provided that use of the common circuit breaker does not reduce the
flexibility of maintenance or operation:

a. Where a number of motors drive several parts of a single machine
or piece of apparatus.
b. Where a number of motors not critical to process operations, each
not exceeding 0.75 kW (1 hp), are under the protection of the circuit
breaker.
c. Where a number of motor operated valves not critical to process
operations with built-in starters are located in the same general
location.
d. Terminal boxes and similar distribution points used to supply
multiple motors from a single feeder will be mounted in an
accessible location and clearly labeled to identify each motor
supplied from that point.

8.6.7 All motor control centers will be specified as class 1 type B with type
enclosures.

- 57 -

8.6.8 Switchboards and panelboards that directly serve electronic load
equipment will be specified as specifically listed for non-linear loads or at
least heavy duty with oversized neutral and ground bus to accommodate
increased neutral currents due harmonic currents from non-linear
electronic load equipment. As a minimum, the neutral bus will be rated
1.73 times the main bus phase current rating and will be insulated from the
panelboard enclosure.

8.6.9 Switchboards and panelboards will be installed as close to the electronic
load equipment as possible and will be bonded to the same ground
reference as the electronic load equipment.

8.6.10 Where switchboards and panelboards supply single-phase non-linear
electronic load equipment, the ampacity of phase conductors will be
adjusted to 80% (to account for the triplen harmonic currents flowing on the
neutral conductor) and the corresponding overcurrent protective device will
be rated accordingly. Associated terminals and lugs will be specified to
accommodate the larger phase conductors and neutral conductors.

8.7 Motor Starters

8.7.1 Medium voltage starters

8.7.1.1 There are two basic types of MV starters, EEMAC type E1
and E2. E1 starters are circuit breakers and are generally
used for 3730 kW and larger motors. E2 starters are fused
contactors (open and vacuum) rated at 400 and 800 amps
and are generally specified for motors less than 3730 kW.
There is no requirement for MV starters on this project.

8.7.2 Low Voltage Starters

8.7.2.1 An EEMAC motor starter is horsepower rated, but only for
normal duty. If a motor is frequently started and stopped,
used in plugging duty, or has a high inertia load it may be
necessary to use a larger than normal starter. Starters for
rapidly cycling equipment will be sized for jogging duty.

8.7.2.2 The minimum selected size will be size one. Size one
starters are generally the smallest size starters used in
process plants and industrial environment. The difference in
cost between size 1 and 0 is too small to justify use of size 0.

8.7.2.3 Generally 150 kW will be the maximum size motor used at
575 volts. A 187 kW motor can cause excessive voltage
drops on 600-volt busses when starting. Also the cable size
- 58 -

is larger and starter costs are generally greater than for
medium voltage motors.

8.8 Motors

8.8.1 Motors are sized by the driven equipment suppliers, but the motor
specification will address how fully loaded a motor may run.

8.8.2 A motors power factor and efficiency are highest at three-quarters to full
load. A motors life is greatly reduced by overloading. Motors generally
are sized to run at 85% to 100% of full load with the service factor not
used. It is common for the motors to be capable of running a pump with the
next larger size impeller and at the furthest point on the curve. This can
cause a pump motor to run lightly loaded. Load factors of 0.6 to 0.8 are
common under these circumstances. The sizing criteria will be
coordinated with Mechanical.

8.8.3 Motors used with solid-state drives need to be carefully coordinated with
the drive supplier. They will be supplied together. This is because of the
added heating caused by the harmonics of the drive system and loss of
cooling due to reduced fan speed. This is a particular concern where
motors are installed in hazardous areas.

8.8.4 Induction motors will be suitable for full voltage on line starting. Motors
larger than 188 kW will have provision for differential protection relay
(current transformer mounted within the terminal box).

8.8.5 Motors will generally be the squirrel-cage-induction type that are designed
for full voltage starting, except where the specific application dictates
otherwise. Generally, 600 V motors will be totally enclosed fan-cooled.
Weather-protected NEMA Type II enclosures will be provided for all
outdoor medium voltage motors.

8.8.6 Motors will be rated for continuous operation at full load, 1.0 service factor,
and at least a Class F insulation with a Class B temperature rise. Motors
may be stamped as 1.15 service factor as long as (maximum) brake
horsepower requirements do not exceed the 1.0 service factor rating.

8.8.7 Motors will produce starting torque to accelerate the connected machine to
rated speed at 90% of motor nameplate voltage rating without any thermal
or other damages.

8.8.8 As a minimum, motors located outdoors and rated 67 kW or larger will be
furnished with space heaters that are automatically energized when the
motor is idle.

- 59 -

All medium voltage motors will be equipped with RTDs embedded
in the stator windings.
All 600 Volt motors rated 50 kW and higher will be equipped with a
thermistor embedded in stator windings.

8.8.9 Full voltage starting will be used for all motors providing the following
conditions are met:

a. For motors having infrequent starting, the voltage drop during
starting will not exceed values, which would cause any of the
following:
Prevent the motors starter from remaining closed
successfully during starting.
Cause starters of other motors to chatter or drop out.
Cause other motors to stall.
b. For motors starting more frequently than once per hour, the voltage
at the bus supplying the motors does not drop below 90% of the
system nominal voltage when these motors start individually.
c. For motors having infrequent starting, the voltage at the bus
supplying the motors does not drop below 80% of the nominal
system voltage when the motors are started individually.
d. The motor maximum permissible stall time is not to be exceeded
when accelerating the driven equipment.
e. Relays can be set to protect the motor and its feeder and to permit
selective settings of upstream relays.

8.8.10 Re-acceleration will be provided for motors essential to the operation of
the process. Re-acceleration in more than one step may be required due
to system voltage drop restrictions.

8.8.11 Single-phase motors driving services defined as critical will not be
supplied form lighting panel boards.

8.9 Adjustable Speed Drives

Solid-state variable frequency adjustable speed drives may have limited
overload capacity. The soft-start feature limits motor starting current to
100 to 125 percent. Large drives and motors are often purchased from
one supplier to ensure compatibility and correct sizing. There is usually
not a problem applying adjustable speed drives to CEMA frame motors
with a 1. 15 SF and CEMA A or B torque characteristic (100 hp and
smaller).

8.10 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

8.10.1 UPS like all solid state devices have limited short circuit and overload
capabilities. In most UPS systems however this is not a problem since
- 60 -

they usually supply instrument loads. UPS will be sized initially for loading
at no more than 80% of capacity (125% of normal present plus future
planned loads) since they support important security, reliability and safety
of loads. Short time peak loads will be limited to 90% of system capacity.

8.10.2 The neutrals will be oversized to handle loads where harmonics are
present.

8.10.3 Transient voltage depressions to 80% of rated supply voltage will not affect
the performance of the equipment.

8.10.4 The rectifier will be a static power converter, constant voltage, and current
limiting full wave thyristor controlled converter.

8.10.5 Cooling will be by natural circulation. The converter will be equipped with
output filters allowing for load to be supplied without exceeding limits for
ripple when the batteries are disconnected.

8.10.6 Rectifier control circuits will monitor the output voltage and maintain a
constant preset voltage output under float or boost conditions. Control will
also prevent against overloading.

8.10.7 The rated output current of the rectifier will equal the inverter load plus the
battery charger current allowing for 80% capacity in 8 hours from a
discharged condition.

8.10.8 During transient input voltage depressions of up to 20% of nominal
voltage, rectifier output value will be such that will prevent battery
discharge.
8.10.9 There will be provisions for on-line adjustment of the set values of float
charge voltage by access to the relevant control circuit card.

8.10.10 The inverter will not exceed a frequency deviation of 0.5 Hz with a source
limit of 1.0 Hz. With stabilized input, source inverter output will not
exceed 0.5 Hz per second rate of change.

8.11 Batteries and Battery Chargers

8.11.1 Existing batteries from Preston Substation will be used for the control of 25
kV switchgear.

8.11.2 Batteries will be installed in a room or enclosure accessible only to
authorized personnel.

8.11.3 Batteries will not be subjected to ambient temperature greater than 45C
or less than the freezing point of the electrolyte or 10C whichever is less.

- 61 -

8.11.4 Sufficient ventilation will be provided to prevent an accumulation of
hydrogen, during charging, to less than 2% by volume in the room air at
any time. Calculations will be in accordance with IEEE Std. 484.

8.11.5 A typical figure for natural room ventilation will be assumed as 2.5 air
changes per hour.

8.11.6 In the absence of Vendor data for gas generation rate of battery and float
current in amperes, it will be assumed that:
One (1) ampere-hour of overcharge breaks down 0.366 cm
3
of water.
One (1) cm
3
of water produces 1.865 liters of gas in the proportion of
two-third (2/3) hydrogen and one-third (1/3) oxygen.
Thus one (1) ampere-hour of overcharge produces 0.45 liters of
hydrogen.
Therefore, the volume of hydrogen evolved from a battery per hour
equals number of cells multiplied by charge current multiplied by 0.45
liters or number of cells multiplied by charge current multiplied by
0.00045 m
3
.

8.12 Standby (Emergency) Generator

8.12.1 Standby generator intended for use with electronic load equipment will be
specified to meet IEEE Standard 446 requirements.

8.12.2 Standby generator systems generally have much higher impedance than
the utility system and therefore, voltage waveform distortion typically
increases when loads are fed by the standby generator power. Standby
generator when supplying non-linear loads, will be specified to have the
following characteristics to minimize adverse interactions:
Isochronous electronic governor to regulate frequency. These
governors typically maintain frequency regulation within 0.25% of the
setting as opposed to approximately 3% for mechanical governors.
Permanent magnet excitation system or filtering means to isolate
the voltage regulator power circuit from the distorted waveform.
Generator with ? pitch stator winding design to minimize third
harmonic waveform distortion.
Low subtransient reactance to minimize voltage waveform
distortion.

- 62 -

9.0 SYSTEM STUDIES

9.1 General

9.1.1 System studies will be performed to verify proper design of electrical
power systems and equipment for new facilities and major additions to
existing facilities.

9.1.2 Short circuit calculations will indicate that all distribution equipment is
suitable for continuous operation at full load and will be capable of
withstanding thermal and electromagnetic forces due to short circuit and
fault conditions.

9.2 Short Circuit Analysis

9.2.1 A Short Circuit Study will be performed to cover three phase, single line to
ground, line to line, and line to line to ground faults in time frames of first
cycle, one to four cycles and 30 cycles. The Short Circuit Study will focus
on:

Verifying switching equipment momentary and interrupting ratings
based on worst case three-phase to ground fault levels.
Confirmations of short time withstand ratings of system
components.
Providing maximum and minimum fault levels for relay coordination
studies.

9.2.2 Short circuit studies will be performed assuming the maximum ultimate
transient fault-current availability or minimum ultimate source impedance.

9.2.3 The maximum short-circuit current will be limited to a value no greater than
95 percent (90 percent during preliminary design) of the fault current rating
at the point of common coupling assuming the following conditions:

Maximum system voltage (at contingency levels)

Maximum system fault MVA

Transformer impedance reduced by ANSI allowable tolerances

Motor fault contribution of motors that could possibly be running
simultaneously

Facility loads at maximum expected value

9.2.4 Values obtained from worst-case analysis will be used to size and
purchase electrical equipment.
- 63 -

9.2.5 Unless load flow analysis or actual system operating practices dictates
differently, all transformer tap settings will be assumed to be at the mid-
point.

9.3 Voltage Regulation

9.3.1 Electrical equipment is designed for optimum operation at its nominal
nameplate voltage. Any deviation from this rated voltage can result in
decreased efficiency, damaged electronic equipment, and severely
reduced life of electrical control and utilization equipment.

9.3.2 The allowable limits of voltage regulation will be as follows:

The voltage at the terminals of motors will be within 10 percent of
the motor rated voltage, under steady-state operating conditions.

The voltage at the terminals of any single motor while it is starting
will be at least 80 percent of the motor rated voltage. The largest
motor connected to the bus under consideration will be assumed to
start with all other motors running.

The transient voltage on running motors while another motor is
starting will be at least 75 percent of motor rated voltage.

9.3.3 Voltage regulation studies will consider the following conditions:

Condition 1 - Establishing Minimum Bus Voltages
Minimum system voltage (at contingency levels)
Facility load at maximum expected value
Transformer impedances increased by ANSI allowable
tolerances

Condition 2 - Establishing Maximum Bus Voltages
Maximum system voltage
Facility load at minimum value (e.g., before initial startup)
Transformer impedances decreased by ANSI allowable
tolerances

9.3.4 Steady-state and transient voltage analysis will be performed to ensure
that proper operating voltage is maintained (inadequate voltage may affect
the performance of electronic load equipment such as operational
problems, synchronization problem or risk equipment damage.

- 64 -

9.3.5 Design assumptions:

Actual system data and constraints will be used to calculate
voltages.
Steady-state voltages will be evaluated at maximum, normal, and
minimum.
The maximum voltage on each circuit will be calculated assuming
that all motor loads are disconnected and in the case of a double-
ended substation that both transformer banks are operational and
the bus-tie circuit breaker and/or switch is in its normal state.
The normal voltage of each circuit will be calculated based on the
maximum operating loads.
The minimum voltage of each circuit will be calculated based on the
normal operating load plus the operating load of the largest spare
(standby) motor if the spare motor is not interlocked to prevent
starting while the primary motor is running.
Voltage drop calculations will be based on the minimum short
circuit level of the supply.

9.4 Motor Starting Study

9.4.1 Motor Starting Study will be completed using both static and dynamic
motor starting models to cover:

Assessment of motor starting capability.
Determinations of bus voltage drop.
Identification of assisted starting requirements (capacitor assisted
starting, reduced voltage starting, soft start, etc.) if required.
Transformer tap adjustments so as not to exceed the limits of
voltage drops.

9.5 Load Flow study

A Load Flow Study will be performed to:

Identify equipment overload conditions (normal and contingency
operation).
Identify steady state voltage problem areas (bus voltage profiles).
Select optimum transformer tap adjustments.
Identify poor power factor (branch power factors).
Identify system losses (current power flow & feeder capacity).

- 65 -

9.6 Protective device Co-ordination

9.6.1 Relay and protective devices will be selected and co-coordinated to
provide a system that permits the interrupting device nearest to a fault to
operate first.

9.6.2 The design will be validated by a comprehensive coordination study.

9.6.3 Relay and fuse co-ordination studies will be performed to include all
protection time/current characteristic devices from the largest single
protective device connected to the low voltage main distribution bus (600
V), up to and including the incoming power supply protective devices (25
kV).

9.6.4 Existing protective device settings for 480 V main feeders will be reviewed
and verified for correctness of settings and to identify possible mis-
coordinations and areas where coordination can be improved.

9.7 Harmonic Analysis

9.7.1 Calculation or estimation of load harmonic profiles is a necessary
requirement for all power distribution systems intended to supply electronic
load equipment, to comply with IEEE standard 519 and 399.

9.7.2 Based on project requirements, a harmonic load flow study will be
executed to calculate the fundamental voltage and current and the load
data from the harmonic source. The load flow report will be reviewed to
ensure that the system is operating properly at 60 Hz.

9.7.3 Alternatively, harmonic profiles of load currents will be measured and
recorded at required locations and appropriate mitigation measures
recommended.

10.0 APPENDICES


Appendix B Glossary

Appendix C Units of Measure

- 1 -


1.0 The following abbreviations referenced throughout this design criteria will
be used for documents, equipment and devices:

1.1 Document Abbreviations

AC Alternating Current
AI Analog Input
ALM Alarm
Amp Ampere
AO Analog Output
DC Direct Current
DCS Distributed Control System
DI Digital Input
DO Digital Output
ESD Emergency Shut-Down
FD Fire Detection
HOA Hand-Off-Auto
HP Horse Power
HVAC Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Hz Hertz
I/O Input and Output
ICS Integrated Control System
IND Indicator (meter, display)
KW Kilowatt
KWH Kilowatt-Hour
LAN Local Area Network
mA Milli-Ampere
MW Megawatt
PF Power Factor
PSD Process Shut-Down
PTT Push to Test
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SI International System of Units
SIS Safety Interlock System
SUB Substation
V Volts
VHF Very High Frequency

- 2 -

1.2 Equipment Abbreviations

1.2.1 Beamline Equipment

BL Beamline
ES End Station
M Mirror
MNC Monochromator

1.2.2 Diagnostic Equipment

BPM Beam Position Monitor (electron or photon)
BSM Beam Position Spill (electron or photon)
CIS Ceramic Insulation Section
DCT DC Current Transformer
DSC Diagnostic Screen
FCP Faraday Cup
FCT Fast Current Transformer
ICT Integrated Current Transformer
PCT Parametric Current Transformer
RDM Radiation Monitor
SCP Scraper
SLM Stripline
TCT Toroid Current Transformer
TM Temperature Monitor (infrared, thermocouple, RTD)
TRM Transition Radiation Monitor
VSC View Screen
WCM Wall Current Monitor

1.2.3 Electrical Equipment

A Ammeter
ALM Alarm
ASW Ammeter Switch
BAT Battery
BRK Breaker
C Cable (has special numbering)
CRA Crate (CAMAC, NIM, VME, VXI, etc.)
CT Current Transformer
CTY Cable Tray
DCN Disconnect
DPNL Distribution Panel
EG Emergency Generator
ESP Electrical Submersible Pump
ENC Enclosure (contactor, fuse,starter, switch)
FDI Ionization Smoke Detector Head
- 3 -

FDT Thermal Fire Detector Head
FTB Field Terminal Box
HTR Electric Heater
IND Indicator (meter, display)
JB Junction Box
LMP Lamp (Light)
LPNL Lighting Panel
MCC Motor Control Centre
MPR Motor Protection Relay
MTR Motor
P Panel
PE Photo-Electric Cell
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PS Power Supply
PTX Potential Transformer
R Rack
RES Resistor
RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SBD Switchboard
SPK Speaker
SPLT Splitter
SUB Substation
SW Switch
SWF Flow Switch
SWG Switchgear
SWL Level Switch
SWP Pressure Switch
SWT Temperature Switch
T Thermostat
TB Terminal Block
TH Thermistor
TLT Lighting Transformer
TV Television Camera
TX Transformer (power or distribution)
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VAR Varmeter
VFD Variable Frequency Drive
VM Video Monitor
VSD Variable Speed Drive
VSW Voltmeter Switch

1.2.4 Mechanical Equipment

AC Air Conditioner
AHU Air Handling Unit
- 4 -

CH Chiller
CMP Air Compressor
CV Control Valve
DR Air Dryer
DX Direct Expansion Chiller Unit
EXT Expansion Tank
F Fan
FC Fan Coil
FCV Flow Control Valve
FLM Flow Meter
FLT Flow Transducer
HE Heat Exchanger
MV Manual Valve
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PM Pressure Meter
PT Pressure Transducer
STR Strainer
VNT Vent
WP Water Pump

1.2.5 Miscellaneous Equipment

BRS Bremsstrahlung Shield
BST Beam Stop (electron or photon)
FIL Filter
G Girder
SM Survey Monument

1.2.6 Optics Equipment

ABS Absorber
AS Accelerator Section
B Bending Magnet (dipole or septum)
BMP Bump Magnet
BST Beam Stop (electron or photon)
CHP Chopper
CL Collimator
CLH Collimator (horizontal)
CLV Collimator (vertical)
GUN Gun
ID Insertion Device
K Kicker Magnet
OC Orbit Corrector (horizontal & vertical)
OCH Orbit Corrector (horizontal)
OCV Orbit Corrector (vertical)
- 5 -

QD Quadruple Defocusing
QF Quadruple Focusing
QFA Quadruple Focusing (family A)
QFB Quadruple Focusing (family B)
QFC Quadruple Focusing (family C)
SAO Sextupole With Orbit Corrector (family A)
SBO Sextupole With Orbit Corrector (family B)
SD Sextuple Defocusing
SF Sextuple Focusing
SOL Solenoid Magnet
ST Steering Magnet (horizontal & vertical)
STH Steering Magnet (horizontal)
STV Steering Magnet (vertical)
VD Video Deflector

1.2.7 Radio Frequency Equipment

ATN Attenuator
BNH Buncher
CAV RF Cavity
CIR Circulator
DCR Directional Coupler
ENV RF Envelope Detector
KLY Klystron
MOD Modulator
PHD RF Phase Detector
PHS Phase Shifter
RFL RF Load
SHB Subharmonic Buncher
SWR RF Switch
WG WaveGuide
WGH WaveGuide Hybrid (Magic T, etc.)

1.2.8 Vacuum Equipment

BLW Bellows
CCG Cold Cathode Gauge
CRV Cryogenic Valve
CVG Convection Gauge
CYP Cryogenic Pump
FV Fast Valve
FVS Fast Valve Sensor
HCG Hot Cathode Gauge
IOG Ion gauge
IOP Ion Pump
RGA Residual Gas Analyzer
RP Roughing Port
- 6 -

TMP Turbo Molecular Pump
TSP Titanium Sublimation Pump
VAC Vacuum Chamber
VVM Vacuum Valve (manual)
VVR Vacuum Valve (remote)
WND Window

- 1 -

Appendix B Glossary

1.0 Captive Transformer a transformer, which supplies a single utilization
device, usually a large motor; may be located in a substation or close to
the device it supplies.

1.1 Clean Power power source which serves electronic load equipment,
where the current flow over the grounding system (multiple ground points)
is controlled to eliminate potential difference between grounding points.

1.2 Critical Loads devices and equipment whose failure to operate
satisfactorily jeopardizes the health or safety of personnel, and/or results in
loss of function, financial loss, or damage to property deemed critical by
the user.

1.3 Demand Factor the ratio of the maximum demand of a system or part
of a system, to the total connected load of the system or part of the system,
under consideration.

1.4 Dirty Power - power source that serves general loads such as lighting,
heating, ventilation, air conditioning and process cooling equipment. The
current flow over the grounding system is uncontrolled due to multiple
ground paths.

1.5 Diversity Factor the ratio of the maximum demand of the load as a
whole, measured at its supply point, to the sum of the maximum demands
of the component parts of the load.

1.6 Firm Load Data the load data derived from actual equipment
performance characteristics and duty cycles.

1.7 Lighting Transformer - supplies lighting but may also supply
convenience receptacles and other non-critical low voltage loads.

1.8 Load Factor the ratio of the average load over a designated period of
time to the peak load occurring in that period.

1.9 Power Tray any tray that contains a circuit that will be energized for
continuous operation (it is not intermittent like a motor operated valve) and
has either a current of 10 A or more or a voltage of 150 V or more AC or
DC.

2.0 Redundancy duplication of elements in a system or installation for the
purpose of enhancing the reliability or continuity of operation of the system
or installation.

- 2 -

2.1 Surge Arrester A protective device for limiting surge voltage or
equipment by diverting surge current and returning the device to its original
status.

2.2 Usable Tray Depth the inside dimension of the tray from the top of the
rung (cable bearing surface) to the top of the tray siderail.

2.3 Dedicated Circuit a circuit that has a separate neutral conductor for the
circuit, has one or more devices connected to it, and has an equipment-
grounding conductor that may or may not be common to other circuits.

2.4 Shared Circuit a circuit that shares phase and/or neutral conductors.

2.5 K-Factor (Harmonic Loss Factor) a factor that relates to a
transformers capability to serve varying degrees of non-linear load without
exceeding the rated temperature rise limits. The K-Factor is the ratio of
stray losses in the transformer winding for a given non-sinusoidal load
current to the stray losses in the transformer winding produced by a
sinusoidal load current of the same magnitude.

- 1 -

Appendix C Units Of Measure

All quantities will be reported using International System of Units (SI) in accordance
with Canadian Metric Practice CAN3-Z234.1. For key items, numbers will be
presented first in SI units followed by their equivalent values in English units shown
in parenthesis. The SI units for most commonly used quantities are given below,
along with the conversions to English units where applicable.
UNITS OF MEASURE

Multiply by to obtain
Quantity SI Units English Units

Frequency Hz --------- Hz
Electric Current A --------- A
Electric Charge C --------- C
Electric Potential V --------- V
Electric Capacitance F --------- F
Electric Resistance ---------
Electric Conductance S --------- S
Magnetic Flux Wb --------- Wb
Magnetic Flux Density T --------- T
Inductance H --------- H
Luminous Flux lm --------- lm
Illuminance lx 0.0929 ft-candle
Noise dB --------- dB
Rotational Speed rpm --------- rpm
Soil Resistivity ohm-cm 0.3937 ohm-in
Area ha 2.4711 acres
Dimensions M
2
10.7639 ft
2

m 3.2808 ft
mm 0.0394 in

Velocity m/s 3.2808 ft/s
Volume m
3
6.2898 barrel
L 0.2642 gallon
Mass kg 2.2046 lb
tonne 1.1023 ton
Temperature C x 1.8 + 32 F
Pressure/Pressure Drop kPa 0.1450 psi
Density kg/m
3
0.0624 lb/ft
3

Dynamic Viscosity mPa.s 1.0000 cP
Kinematic Viscosity mm
2
/s 1.0000 cSt
Surface Tension N/m 1000 dynes/cm
Heat Capacity kJ/kg- C 0.2390 Btu/Lb- F
Thermal Conductivity W/m- C 0.5778 Btu/h-ft- F
Energy J 9.486 x 10-4 Btu
Heat Duty GJ/h 0.9486 MMBtu/h
Heat Flux W/m
2
0.3173 Btu/h-ft
2

Latent Heat kJ/kg 0.4303 Btu/Lb
Heat Transfer Coefficient W/m
2
- C 0.1763 Btu/h-ft
2
- F
Wall Thickness (P/L) mm 0.0394 in
Force N 0.2248 lbf
Power (Electrical) kW 1.3410 hp
Torque N.m 0.7376 ft.lb

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2001-02-05 Project Design Critera Page i

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