Unit II: Newtons Laws

Subunit A: Balanced Forces

Variables, Units Equations
NOTES:
Unit II-A Objectives
!at "ou s!ould #now w!en all is said and done
$% State and use Newtons &irst law to e'(lain t!e )otion o& an object:
a% *escribe t!e )otion o& a )ovin+ object on w!ic! balanced &orces are actin+%
b% *escribe t!e )otion o& a stationar" object on w!ic! balanced &orces are actin+%
c% *escribe t!e balanced &orces actin+ on a )ovin+ object co))onl" encountered%
,% -iven a dia+ra) or a written descri(tion o& t!e &orces actin+ on an object:
a% *raw a &orce dia+ra) .usin+ vectors/ &or t!e object%
b% 0esolve &orces into ' and " co)(onents1 t!en &ind t!e vector su) o& t!e &orces%
c% State w!et!er t!e velocit" o& t!e object is constant or c!an+in+%
2% -iven a dia+ra) or descri(tion o& an object in e3uilibriu)1 includin+ t!e &orces actin+ on t!e
object1 deter)ine t!e )a+nitude and direction o& t!e un#nown &orce re3uired to #ee( t!e object
&ro) acceleratin+%
4% State Newtons t!ird law and a((l" it to situations in w!ic! "ou are tr"in+ to deter)ine all t!e
&orces actin+ on an object%
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet $
$% Inertia can best be described as
A/ t!e &orce w!ic! #ee(s )ovin+ objects )ovin+ an stationar" objects at rest%
B/ t!e willin+ness o& an object to eventuall" lose its )otion
5/ t!e &orce w!ic! causes all objects to sto(
*/ t!e tendenc" o& an" object to resist c!an+e and #ee( doin+ w!atever its doin+
,% 6ass and velocit" values &or a variet" o& objects are listed below% 0an# t!e objects &ro)
s)allest to +reatest inertia% _______ < _______ < _______ < _______
2%
Two bric#s are restin+ on ed+e o& t!e lab table% S!irle" S!es!ort stands on !er toes and s(ots
t!e two bric#s% S!e ac3uires an intense desire to #now w!ic! o& t!e two bric#s are )ost
)assive% Since S!irle" is verticall" c!allen+ed1 s!e is unable to reac! !i+! enou+! and li&t t!e
bric#s7 s!e can !owever reac! !i+! enou+! to +ive t!e bric#s a (us!% *iscuss !ow t!e (rocess
o& (us!in+ t!e bric#s will allow S!irle" to deter)ine w!ic! o& t!e two bric#s is )ost )assive%
!at di&&erence will S!irle" observe and !ow can t!is observation lead to t!e necessar"
conclusion8
4% ould S!irle" S!es!ort be able to conduct t!is sa)e stud" i& s!e was on a s(aces!i( in a
location in s(ace &ar &ro) t!e in&luence o& si+ni&icant +ravitational &orces8 9999999 E'(lain "our
answer%
:% I& a )oose were c!asin+ "ou t!rou+! t!e woods1 its enor)ous )ass would be ver"
t!reatenin+% But i& "ou ;i+;a++ed1 t!en its +reat )ass would be to "our advanta+e% E'(lain w!"%
<% Several &orces act u(on an object% T!e vector su) o& t!ese &orces ends u( bein+ = Newtons%
T!e object is described as bein+
A/ wei+!tless
B/ at e3uilibriu)
5/ stationar"
*/ disturbed
>% !ic! o& t!e &ollowin+ is alwa"s true o& an object t!at is at e3uilibriu)8
Newton's Laws Name:
The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 1
Inertia and ass
Read from Lesson 1 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom:

htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"newtlaws"$2l1a#html
htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"newtlaws"$2l1%#html

&P Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevel 1


1. Inertia is


2. The amount of inertia possessed b an ob!ect is dependent solel upon its __________.

". Two bric#s are restin$ on ed$e of the lab table. %hirle %heshort stands on her toes and spots the
two bric#s. %he ac&uires an intense desire to #now which of the two bric#s are most massive. %ince
%hirle is verticall challen$ed' she is unable to reach hi$h enou$h and lift the bric#s( she can
however reach hi$h enou$h to $ive the bric#s a push. )iscuss how the process of pushin$ the bric#s
will allow %hirle to determine which of the two bric#s is most massive. *hat difference will
%hirle observe and how can this observation lead to the necessar conclusion+






,. *ould %hirle %heshort be able to conduct this same stud if she was on a spaceship in a location in
space far from the influence of si$nificant $ravitational forces+ _______ -.plain our answer.




/. 0f a moose were chasin$ ou throu$h the woods' its enormous mass would be ver threatenin$. 1ut
if ou 2i$2a$$ed' then its $reat mass would be to our advanta$e. -.plain wh.





3. 0nertia can best be described as _____.
a. the force which #eeps movin$ ob!ects movin$ an stationar ob!ects at rest.
b. the willin$ness of an ob!ect to eventuall lose its motion
c. the force which causes all ob!ects to stop
d. the tendenc of an ob!ect to resist chan$e and #eep doin$ whatever its doin$

4. 5ass and velocit values for a variet of ob!ects are listed below. Ran# the ob!ects from smallest to
$reatest inertia. _______ < _______ < _______ < _______



A/ T!e net &orce actin+ u(on it is = Newtons%
B/ T!e individual &orces actin+ u(on it are balanced%
5/ T!e object is at rest%
*/ T!e object !as no acceleration%
E/ T!e object !as a constant .unc!an+in+/ velocit"%
F/ T!ere are no &orces actin+ on it%
?% T!e &ollowin+ state)ents were )ade about an Ewo#% In w!ic! case could "ou conclude t!at
t!e Ewo# is at e3uilibriu)8
A/ T!e Ewo# is at rest%
B/ T!e Ewo# !as a constant velocit"%
5/ T!e Ewo# is )ovin+%
*/ T!e Ewo# !as a constant s(eed%
E/ T!e Ewo# is stationar"%
F/ T!e acceleration o& t!e Ewo# is = )@s
,
%
-/ T!e individual &orces actin+ on t!e Ewo# are balanced%
A/ T!ere are no &orces actin+ on t!e Ewo#%
I/ All t!e &orces actin+ on t!e Ewo# are e3ual in )a+nitude%
B% T!ese +ra(!s describe t!e )otion o& 5arson Busses at various ti)es durin+ !is tri( to sc!ool%
Indicate w!et!er 5arsonCs ve!icle is bein+ acted u(on b" an unbalanced &orce% -ive a reason in
ter)s o& a descri(tion o& w!at t!e car is doin+ .s(eedin+ u(1 slowin+ down1 or constant velocit"/%
Newton's Laws
The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page '
/. These $raphs describe the motion of 6arson 1usses at various times durin$ his trip to school.
0ndicate whether 6arson' s vehicle is bein$ acted upon b an unbalanced force. 7ive a reason in
terms of a description of what the car is doin$ 8speedin$ up' slowin$ down' or constant velocit9.










(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


3. : free;bod dia$rams show all the individual forces actin$ upon an ob!ect. The net force is the
vector sum of all these forces 8< =9. )etermine the net force and state if there is an acceleration.

a.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No
b.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No
c.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No

4. )urin$ an in;class discussion' :nna Litical su$$ests to her lab partner that the dot dia$ram for the
motion of the ob!ect in @3b could be


:nna's partner ob!ects' ar$uin$ that the ob!ect in @3b could not have an hori2ontal motion if there
are onl vertical forces actin$ upon it. *ho is ri$ht+ ____________ -.plain.



A. )urin$ an in;class discussion' :aron :$in asserts that the ob!ect in @3a m$st be movin$ to the left
since the onl hori2ontal force actin$ upon it is a Bleft;wardB force. 0s he ri$ht+ ______ -.plain.



C. The dia$rams below depict the ma$nitude and direction of the individual forces actin$ upon an
ob!ect. *hich ob!ects co$ld %e movin$ to the ri$ht+ 6ircle all that appl.


UNIT II-A: Balanced Forces
0eadin+: Force *ia+ra)s
Forces can intuitivel" be t!ou+!t o& as (us!es and (ulls% For e'a)(le1 "ou e'ert a &orce .a (us!
or a (ull/ on a door to o(en it% -ravit" e'erts a &orce on "ou .a (ull/ w!ic! !olds "ou to t!e
sur&ace o& t!e eart!% Friction wit! t!e sur&ace o& a !ill e'erts a &orce on "our car t!at #ee(s it
&ro) slidin+ w!en (ar#ed% Note t!at in ever" situation1 &orces are an interaction between two
objects--"ou canCt touc! wit!out bein+ touc!ed% In order to anal";e t!e reason be!ind t!e
be!avior o& an object .or t!e dynamics/1 we will re&er to t!e object under consideration as t!e
system, and ever"t!in+ else in t!e environ)ent t!at )i+!t in an" si+ni&icant wa" a&&ect t!e
s"ste) as t!e surroundings% T!is anal"sis (rocess can o&ten ti)es be +reatl" si)(li&ied b"
usin+ a tec!ni3ue o& constructin+ force diagrams .so)eti)es called free-body diagrams or
FBDs/ to assist "ou in selectin+ t!e relevant &orces and a((ro(riatel" re(resentin+ t!ese &orces
wit! vector notations%
To )a#e a &orce dia+ra) &or (roble) anal"sis1 all &orces will be cate+ori;ed as eit!er contact or
long-range &orces% Contact forces are all &orces actin+ on t!e s"ste) under anal"sis t!at
result &ro) t!e contact between t!e s"ste) and its surroundin+s at t!e s"ste)s boundaries%
T!ese &orces include a((lied &orces1 &orces o& static and #inetic &riction1 tension &orces and
nor)al &orces% Long-range &orces result &ro) t!e s"ste)s interaction wit! a &orce &ield o& so)e
#ind1 suc! as )a+netic1 electric1 or +ravitational &ields%
Aere are so)e o& t!e ones we will use in class:
Contact Forces: !en two sur&aces touc! eac! ot!er1 &orces (er(endicular to t!e
sur&aces are called ormal &orces .!ere Dnor)alD is a )at!e)atical ter) )eanin+
(er(endicular/ and &orces (arallel to t!e sur&aces in contact are Frictional% T!e Friction
&orce t!at allows us to ste( &orward or #ee(s car w!eels &ro) s(innin+ can be called
traction% !en we touc! t!in+s a co)bination o& bot! nor)al and &rictional &orces are
(resent% For si)(licit"1 we can call a co)bination &orce a !us" or a !ull% A (us! or (ull
&orce can be labeled si)(l" as an #!!lied &orce%
E'tended or lin#ed )aterials suc! as a strin+ or c!ain e'ert $ension &orces on an
object%
!en an object interacts wit! a &luid1 suc! as water or air1 (ro(ellin+ &orces are called
t"rust1 resistive &orces are called drag1 &loatin+ &orces are called buoyant1 and steerin+
.or BernoulliCs/ &orces are called lift%
!en two objects interact wit!out touc!in+1 t!e" e'ert &orces t!rou+! a &orce &ield% Eart!1
&or e'a)(le1 e'erts a gravitational &orce on t!e 6oon even t!ou+! t!e Eart! and 6oon
do not touc!% Ot!er non-contact &orces include electric and magnetic &orces%
!en we label &orces1 we want to indicate t!e t"(e o& interaction between t!e objects1 w!at
object t!e &orce is actin+ on and w!at object t!e &orce is b"% T!ere&ore1 we will use t!e &ollowin+
notation:
F
#ind
Suc! as t!e Force due to +ravit"1 F+1 t!e &orce o& Tension1 FT1 or t!e Nor)al Force1 FN%
5onsider t!e anal"sis o& &orces actin+ on a lo+ as a tractor (ulls it at a constant s(eed% .Fi+ure ,
below/ T!e anal"sis (roceeds as &ollows:
$% S!rin# t!e s"ste) to a (oint at t!e center o& coordinate a'es wit! one a'is (arallel to
t!e direction o& )otion%
,% 0e(resent all relevant &orces .across t!e s"ste) boundar"/ b" a vector labeled wit!
an a((ro(riate s")bol%
As an illustration o& t!is (rocess1 consider t!e &orces actin+ on a lo+ bein+ (ulled b" a tractor
&ollows:
%te! &
Since t!e s!a(e o& t!e object is uni)(ortant1 s!rin# it to a
(oint% Elace it at t!e intersection o& a set o& coordinate a'es
wit! one o& t!e axes parallel to the direction of motion as
s!own in &i+ure 4%
%te! '
Eroceed around t!e s"ste) boundar" line and identi&" all (oints
at w!ic! t!ere is contact between t!e s"ste) .lo+/ and its
surroundin+s% 5onstruct 3ualitative vectors .indicate directions
and relative )a+nitudes/ to re(resent t!ese &orces% T!e contact
&orces would be #inetic &riction1 F# .(arallel to t!e su((ortin+
sur&ace/1 t!e nor)al &orce1 FN .t!e co)(onent o& &orce t!at is
(er(endicular to t!e su((ortin+ sur&ace/1 and t!e tension &orce o&
t!e ro(e1 FT% T!e lon+-ran+e &orce.s/1 in t!is case would be onl"
t!e &orce o& +ravit"1 F+% See Fi+ure 4 at le&t%
%te! (
Indicate w!ic! &orces .i& an"/ are e3ual in )a+nitude to ot!er &orces% T!e (roble) states t!at t!e
tractor (ulls t!e lo+ at constant velocit"1 so we #now t!at t!e net &orce !as to be ;ero% In ot!er
words1 t!e &orces u( )ust e3ual t!e &orces down1 and t!e &orces le&t )ust e3ual t!e &orces ri+!t%
In t!e dia+ra) below t!ese e3ualities !ave been )ar#ed wit! !as!es li#e t!ose used to indicate
con+ruences in +eo)etr"%
Now1 it s!ould be eas" to deter)ine t!e net &orce on t!e object% To do t!is1 consider t!e &orce in
eac! direction .' or "/ se(aratel"% T!at is1
)-a)is y-a)is
FT and F# F+ and FN
In t!is case1 t!e two &orces in t!e '-direction are e3ual1 but o((osite1 so t!e" su) to ;ero% Also
note t!at t!e two &orces in t!e "-direction su) to ;ero% T!ere&ore1 "ou can conclude t!at t!is
object will not accelerate in eit!er direction% T!at leaves two (ossibilities: it is eit!er )otionless1
or it is )ovin+ at constant velocit"%
For a )ore co)(licated (roble)1 consider t!e bloc# at rest on a ra)(%
As be&ore1 we use a !oint to re(resent t!e object% Note
t!at we !ave rotated t!e coordinate a'es as s!own
above so t!at t!e '-a'is is parallel to the surface of the
ramp .t!e li#el" direction o& )otion/%
Ne't1 brea# an" &orce vector t!at is not (arallel to t!e
coordinate a'es .in t!is case1 t!e &orce o& +ravit"1 F+/
into its ) and y co)(onents% See t!e dia+ra) at ri+!t%
Note t!at t!e )-co)(onent and y-co)(onent &or) t!e
sides o& a ri+!t trian+le wit! t!e ori+inal &orce vector1 F+
as t!e !"(otenuse%
In t!is case1 t!e y-co)(onent balances out t!e nor)al
&orce1 so t!e object does not accelerate u( or down% T!e
)-co)(onent o& F+ is o((osed b" t!e &orce o& static
&riction% I& t!ese &orces !ave t!e sa)e )a+nitude1 t!e
object will sta" (ut%
To deter)ine t!e magnitudes o& F' and F"1 "ou
need to use so)e si)(le tri+ono)etr"%
T!ere are just a &ew (oints to #ee( in )ind%
$% T!e an+le F s!ould be drawn so t!at it is
included in t!e trian+le &or)ed b" t!e t!ree
vectors%
,% T!e side o!!osite t!e an+le !as )a+nitude
e3ual to t!e ori+inal vector ti)es t!e sine o& t!e
an+le%
2% T!e side ad*acent to t!e an+le !as
)a+nitude e3ual to t!e ori+inal vector ti)es t!e
cosine o& t!e an+le%
0e)e)ber Newtons $st Law:
I& GF H =1 t!en v H =1 and
I& v H =1 t!en GF H =
T!e S%I% unit &or &orce is na)ed a&ter Sir Isaac Newton !i)sel&% All &orces are )easure in
Newtons%
%ymbol ame of Force #gent+,nteraction
FA
F-
FN
FT
F&
$%
,%
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet ,
For eac! situation below1 write a list o& relevant objects in t!e s"ste) and draw t!e s"ste)
be!avior dia+ra)% On se(arate (a(er1 write a sentence justi&"in+ w!" "ou c!oose to include
eac! o& t!e objects in "our list%
Situation List o& Objects Force *ia+ra)
$% T!e object lies )otionless


'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
,% T!e object slides at a constant
s(eed wit!out &riction%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
2% T!e object slows due to #inetic
&riction%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
4% T!e object slides wit!out
&riction%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
:% Static &riction (revents slidin+%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
<% T!e object is sus(ended &ro)
t!e ceilin+ b" a sin+le ro(e%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 2 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
11. The object is pulled by a force parallel to the surf 12. The object is pulled by a force at an angle to the
surface..
13. The object is pulled upward at constant speed. 14. The object is pushed by a force applied donward
angle.
.
15. The object is falling (no air resistance). 16. The object is falling at constant (terminal) velocity
17. The ball is rising in a parabolic trajectory. 18. The ball is at the top of a parabolic trajectory.
$$% T!e object is bein+ (ulled b"
a strin+ attac!ed as s!own%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 2 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
11. The object is pulled by a force parallel to the surf 12. The object is pulled by a force at an angle to the
surface..
13. The object is pulled upward at constant speed. 14. The object is pushed by a force applied donward
angle.
.
15. The object is falling (no air resistance). 16. The object is falling at constant (terminal) velocity
17. The ball is rising in a parabolic trajectory. 18. The ball is at the top of a parabolic trajectory.
$,% T!e object is bein+ (ulled b"
a strin+ attac!ed as s!own%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
>% T!e object is sus(ended &ro)
t!e ceilin+ b" t!e two ro(es%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
?% T!e object is !eld )otionless
b" t!e two ro(es%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
B% T!e object is )otionless%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 1 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
Name
Date Pd
UNIT IV: Worksheet 1
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force .
1. Object lies motionless. 2. Object slides at constant speed without friction
3. Object slows due to kinetic friction. 4. Object slides without friction.
5. Static friction prevents sliding. 6. An object is suspended from the ceiling.
7. An object is suspended from the ceiling. 8. The object is motionless.
9. The object is motionless. 10. The object is motionless.
$=% T!e object is )otionless%
$2% T!e object is bein+ (us!ed
b" a (erson as s!own%
'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 2 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
11. The object is pulled by a force parallel to the surf 12. The object is pulled by a force at an angle to the
surface..
13. The object is pulled upward at constant speed. 14. The object is pushed by a force applied donward
angle.
.
15. The object is falling (no air resistance). 16. The object is falling at constant (terminal) velocity
17. The ball is rising in a parabolic trajectory. 18. The ball is at the top of a parabolic trajectory.
$4% T!e object &alls at a constant
s(eed because o& a (arac!ute%

'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 2 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
11. The object is pulled by a force parallel to the surf 12. The object is pulled by a force at an angle to the
surface..
13. The object is pulled upward at constant speed. 14. The object is pushed by a force applied donward
angle.
.
15. The object is falling (no air resistance). 16. The object is falling at constant (terminal) velocity
17. The ball is rising in a parabolic trajectory. 18. The ball is at the top of a parabolic trajectory.
$:% T!e object &alls% .No air
resistance/

'5odelin$ *or#shop Dro!ect 2EE2 2 Fnit 0G ws1 v2.E
11. The object is pulled by a force parallel to the surf 12. The object is pulled by a force at an angle to the
surface..
13. The object is pulled upward at constant speed. 14. The object is pushed by a force applied donward
angle.
.
15. The object is falling (no air resistance). 16. The object is falling at constant (terminal) velocity
17. The ball is rising in a parabolic trajectory. 18. The ball is at the top of a parabolic trajectory.
$<% T!e object rises a&ter bein+
t!rown into t!e air%
$>% T!e object is at t!e to( o& its
(at! a&ter it was t!rown into t!e
air%
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet ,
$% Free-bod" dia+ra)s &or &our situations are s!own below% For eac! situation1 deter)ine t!e
net &orce actin+ u(on t!e object%
,% Free-bod" dia+ra)s &or &our situations are s!own below% T!e net &orce is #nown &or eac!
situation% Aowever1 t!e )a+nitudes o& a &ew o& t!e individual &orces are not #nown% Anal";e
eac! situation individuall" and deter)ine t!e )a+nitude o& t!e un#nown &orces%
Create a force diagram on the object in all caps!
2% A 5AT is at rest
on a ru+%
4% A student sittin+
a 5AAI0%
:% Bobo t!e Eanda is !an+in+ &ro) a
branc!%
<% Sa))" t!e snail sittin+
on TI6 TAE TU0TLE standin+
on to( o& a table%
>% An E-- is &ree-&allin+
&ro) a nest in a tree%
Ne+lect air resistance%
?% SLI5I STEJE slidin+
down a slide at a constant
s(eed%
=
N
> " N
=
$
> " N
=
:
> / N
=
#
> / N
Situation A
=
N
> " N
=
$
> " N
=
#
> / N
Situation B
=
N
> 1E
N
=
$
> 1E
N
Situation
C
=
air
> "E N
=
$
> 1/
N
Situation D
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 1 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s1a v2.1
Free Particle Model Worksheet 1a:
Force Diagrams
0n each of the followin$ situations' represent the ob!ect with a particle. %#etch all the forces actin$
upon the ob!ect' ma#in$ the len$th of each vector represent the ma$nitude of the force. :lso use
con$ruenc mar#s to indicate which vectors are e&ual in ma$nitude.
1. )raw a force dia$ram for the motionless cat on a ru$. Label the forces and use e&ualit mar#s
on the force vectors.



2. )raw a force dia$ram for the s#ater' movin$ at constant speed across frictionless ice. Label the
forces and use e&ualit mar#s on the force vectors.




". )raw a force dia$ram for the softball plaer who is slowin$ as she slides into the base. Label
the forces and use e&ualit mar#s on the force vectors.






H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 2 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s1a v2.1
,. )raw a force dia$ram for a chandelier that is suspended from the ceilin$ b a chain. Label the
forces and use e&ualit mar#s on the force vectors.



/. )raw a force dia$ram for the buc#et of water that is bein$ raised from the well at constant
speed. Label the forces and use e&ualit mar#s on the force vectors.




3. )raw a force dia$ram for a s#diver who has !ust left the plane and is still speedin$ up. Label
the forces and use e&ualit mar#s on the force vectors.




B% 5alvin (ullin+
Aobbes on a SLE*
.&lat sur&ace/ at a
constant s(eed%
$=% A !orse (ullin+
a A-ON u( a !ill
at a constant s(eed%
$$% A ri+!tward &orce
is a((lied to a TABLE
in order to )ove it
across t!e &loor wit!
a ri+!tward acceleration%
5onsider &rictional &orces%
$,% A ri+!tward &orce
is a((lied to a BOOI
in order to )ove it across
a des# at constant velocit"%
5onsider &rictional &orces%
$2% A SIK*IJE0 is
descendin+ wit! a
constant velocit"%
5onsider air resistance%
$4% A 5A0 drivin+
at a constant velocit"%
$:% A BU5IET is bein+ raised &ro) a well% $<% A BLO5I !an+s &ro) a s(rin+
&ro) t!e ceilin+%
Newton's Laws Name:
The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page .
,ecogni/ing )orces


Read from Lesson 2 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom:

htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"newtlaws"$2l2a#html
htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"newtlaws"$2l2%#html

&P Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevel ,


There are several situations described below. =or each situation' fill in the list provided b indicatin$
which forces are present and statin$ which features of the situation ou used to determine the presence
or absence of the force. To facilitate this e.ercise' utili2e the Net =orce Ielp %heet. Fpon completion of
this assi$nment' chec# our answers usin$ the available *eb pa$e.

htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"morehel!"rec0orce"rec0orce#html



-escri!tion o0 1it$ation )orce Present 2P3
or 4%sent 243*

56!lanation






1. : bloc# han$s at rest
from the ceilin$ b a
piece of rope. 6onsider
the forces actin$ on the
bloc#.


7ra8ity D or :+


1!ring: D or :+


Tension D or :+


Normal: D or :+


)riction D or :+


4ir ,es#: D or :+

























2. : bloc# han$s from the
ceilin$ b a sprin$.
6onsider the forces
actin$ on the bloc# when
it is at rest 8at its
e&uilibrium position9.


7ra8ity D or :+


1!ring: D or :+


Tension D or :+


Normal: D or :+


)riction D or :+


4ir ,es#: D or :+



















$>% T!e dia+ra)s below de(ict t!e )a+nitude and direction o& t!e individual &orces actin+ u(on
an object% 5!oose all t!at a((l"%
Newton's Laws
The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page '
/. These $raphs describe the motion of 6arson 1usses at various times durin$ his trip to school.
0ndicate whether 6arson' s vehicle is bein$ acted upon b an unbalanced force. 7ive a reason in
terms of a description of what the car is doin$ 8speedin$ up' slowin$ down' or constant velocit9.










(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


(n%alanced )orce*
+es or No*

,eason"-escri!tion:


3. : free;bod dia$rams show all the individual forces actin$ upon an ob!ect. The net force is the
vector sum of all these forces 8< =9. )etermine the net force and state if there is an acceleration.

a.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No
b.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No
c.


< = >

:ccel'n+ ?es or No

4. )urin$ an in;class discussion' :nna Litical su$$ests to her lab partner that the d ot dia$ram for the
motion of the ob!ect in @3b could be


:nna's partner ob!ects' ar$uin$ that the ob!ect in @3b could not have an hori2ontal motion if there
are onl vertical forces actin$ upon it. *ho is ri$ht+ ____________ -.plain.



A. )urin$ an in;class discussion' :aron :$in asserts that the ob!ect in @3a m$st be movin$ to the left
since the onl hori2ontal force actin$ upon it is a Bleft;wardB force. 0s he ri$ht+ ______ -.plain.



C. The dia$rams below depict the ma$nitude and direction of the individual forces actin$ upon an
ob!ect. *hich ob!ects co$ld %e movin$ to the ri$ht+ 6ircle all that appl.


A/ !ic! objects could be )ovin+ to t!e ri+!t8
B/ !ic! objects could be s(eedin+ u(8
5/ !ic! objects could be stationar"8
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet 2
$% T!e standard )etric unit &or )ass is 99999 and t!e standard )etric unit &or wei+!t is 99999%
,% An objectCs )ass re&ers to 999999 and an objectCs wei+!t re&ers to 9999999%
A/ t!e a)ount o& s(ace it ta#es u(
B/ t!e &orce o& +ravitational attraction to Eart!
5/ !ow dense an object is
*/ t!e a)ount o& stu&& (resent in t!e object
2% !en an astronaut lands on t!e )oon1 w!ic! o& t!e &ollowin+ are )ore t!an1 less1 t!an1 or
t!e sa)e as on Eart!:
A/ T!e astronauts )ass
B/ T!e astronautCs wei+!t
5/ T!e astronauts inertia
4% !ic! wei+!s )ore1 a (ound o& &eat!ers or a (ound o& bric#s8 !ic! !as )ore )ass8

:% T!e value o& + in t!e Britis! s"ste) is 2, &t@sec
,
% T!e unit o& &orce is (ounds% T!e unit o&
)ass is t!e slu+% Use "our wei+!t in (ounds to calculate "our )ass in units o& slu+s%
<% Kou )i+!t be wonderin+ about "our )etric wei+!t% Usin+ conversion &actors1 convert "our
wei+!t in (ounds to units o& N% .Use $ N H =%,, (ounds1 and o#a"1 "ou can lieL/
>% !en an elevator is ascendin+ at a constant velocit"1 t!ere are two &orces actin+ on it1 +ravit"
and t!e cable (ullin+ on it% !ic! o& t!ese is +reater8 !" do "ou sa" so8
?% !en "ou +o roller-bladin+ .i& "ou dont t!en tr" to i)a+ine t!at "ou do/1 "ou )ust #ee(
(us!in+ wit! "our &eet in order to )aintain a constant s(eed% E'(lain w!" t!is is1 tal# about t!e
&orces actin+ on "ou in "our e'(lanation%
B% *o c!ic#ens wei+! )ore !ere on eart! or on t!e )oon8 *o t!e" !ave )ore )ass !ere or
t!ere8
$=% A s!o((in+ cart sits in a (ar#in+ lot% So(!ie S!o((er wal#s u( to it and be+ins (us!in+ it
towards t!e door at a constant s(eed% Because o& t!e wa" t!e !andle is attac!ed1 So(!ie )ust
(us! downward at an an+le on t!e cart% *escribe w!at !a((ens to t!e nor)al .or su((ort/ &orce
actin+ on t!e cart be&ore and a&ter So(!ie be+ins (us!in+%
$$% An ar)adillo wei+!s !as a )ass o& $: #+% Find its wei+!t%
$,% ile E% 5o"ote !as a new (lan to catc! t!e 0oadrunner involvin+ a $== #+ bo' o& TNT% In
(re(aration !e starts (us!in+ it at a constant velocit" to t!e ed+e o& a cli&&% Friction !as a &orce
o& ,== N%
A/ it! !ow )uc! &orce s!ould ile E% 5o"ote be (us!in+8
B/ !at is t!e su((ort &orce o& t!e +round on t!e bo'8
$2% A cars en+ine (us!es wit! 4:N to t!e ri+!t% I& it is at e3uilibriu)1 !ow )uc! air &riction is
t!ere and w!at is t!e cars acceleration8


$4% S(ace)an S(i&& wei+!s 2:= N on Eart! w!en dec#ed out in &ull astronaut +ear% Aow )uc!
would !e wei+! on (lanet Mor+1 w!ere t!e +ravitational &ield stren+t! is ,= N@#+8
$:% Find t!e nor)al &orce &ro) a level table on a ,-#+ (inea((le%


$<% A wa+on rolls at a constant s(eed o& , )@s on level +round% 6arvin 6ole .)ass H 2%: #+/
rides in t!e $= #+ wa+on%
A/ !at is t!e co)bined wei+!t .&orce o& +ravit"/ o& 6arvin and t!e wa+on8
B/ !at is t!e nor)al &orce .su((ort &orce/ t!at acts on 6arvin .onl"/ in t!e wa+on8
5/ !at nor)al &orce .su((ort/ acts on t!e wa+on carr"in+ 6arvin8
$>% Burl and Eaul !ave co)bined wei+!ts o& $2== N% T!e tensions in t!e su((ortin+ ro(es t!at
su((ort t!e sca&&old t!e" stand on add to $>== N% Find t!e wei+!t o& t!e sca&&old%
$?% Aarr" +ives !is little sister a (i++"bac# ride% Aarr" !as a )ass o& 4= #+ and !is little sister
!as a )ass o& ,= #+% 5alculate t!e su((ort &orce su((lied b" t!e &loor%
$B% For t!e &ollowin+ situations1 draw and label t!e &orce co)(onents o& t!e +iven vector% T!en
use tri+ono)etric &unctions to deter)ine t!e )a+nitude o& eac! co)(onent% Label t!e
)a+nitudes o& t!e co)(onent on t!e dia+ra)%
A/ A :%= N &orce is e'erted u(on a do+ c!ain at an an+le o& <:N above t!e !ori;ontal%
)orce and 9ector 4!!lications

The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page '
,esol8ing )orces into 9ector Com!onents
A. 6onsider the vectors below. )etermine the direction of the two components b circlin$ two
directions 8-' *' N or %9. =inall indicate which component 8or effect9 is $reatest in ma$nitude.





6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______

6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______

6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______


C. -ach dia$ram displas a vector. The an$le between the vector and the nearest coordinate a.es is
mar#ed as theta 8! 9. 0f ! is $raduall increased to CE de$rees' the ma$nitudes of the components
would chan$e. *hich component would increase ; hori2ontal 8-J *9 or vertical 8NJ %9+


!

!

!


0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1

0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1

0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1


1E. =or the followin$ situations' draw and label the force components of the $iven vector. Then use
tri$onometric functions to determine the ma$nitude of each component. Label the ma$nitudes of
the component on the dia$ram. P1+:

a. : /.E N force is e.erted upon a do$ chain
at an an$le of 3/K above the hori2ontal.





b. : baseball is hit b a bat with a force of
"2/ N at a direction of 1E/K.



B/ A baseball is !it b" a bat wit! a &orce o& 2,: N at a direction o& $=:N%
)orce and 9ector 4!!lications

The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page '
,esol8ing )orces into 9ector Com!onents
A. 6onsider the vectors below. )etermine the direction of the two components b circlin$ two
directions 8-' *' N or %9. =inall indicate which component 8or effect9 is $reatest in ma$nitude.





6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______

6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______

6omponents: 5 : N 1

7reatest ma$nitude+ ______


C. -ach dia$ram displas a vector. The an$le between the vector and the nearest coordinate a.es is
mar#ed as theta 8! 9. 0f ! is $raduall increased to CE de$rees' the ma$nitudes of the components
would chan$e. *hich component would increase ; hori2ontal 8-J *9 or vertical 8NJ %9+


!

!

!


0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1

0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1

0ncreasin$ component+

5 : N 1


1E. =or the followin$ situations' draw and label the force components of the $iven vector. Then use
tri$onometric functions to determine the ma$nitude of each component. Label the ma$nitudes of
the component on the dia$ram. P1+:

a. : /.E N force is e.erted upon a do$ chain
at an an$le of 3/K above the hori2ontal.





b. : baseball is hit b a bat with a force of
"2/ N at a direction of 1E/K.



,=% T!ree &orces - F$1 F,1 and F2 - are actin+ u(on an object% T!eir
relative )a+nitude and direction are s!own at t!e ri+!t% T!e '- and "-
co)(onents are also s!own% 5o)(lete t!e &ollowin+ )at!e)atical
state)ents b" (lacin+ O1 P1 and H s")bols in t!e blan#s%
F$' 9999 F,' F," 9999 F2
F$" 9999 F2 F$" Q F," 9999 F2
)orce and 9ector 4!!lications Name:
The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page ;
(sing 9ector Com!onents to 4naly/e 5<$ili%ri$m 1it$ations

Read from Lesson = of the 9ectors and otion in Two>-imensions chapter at The Physics Classroom:

htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"8ectors"$=l=%#html
htt!:""www#!hysicsclassroom#com"Class"8ectors"$=l=c#html

&P Connection: =orces in Two )imensions: sublevels " and ,

5an phsical situations involve forces e.erted at an$les to the coordinate a.es. : proper analsis of
these situations demands that the forces be resolved into components which lie alon$ the hori2ontal and
vertical a.es. This involves the use of tri$onometric functions.

1. =or the followin$ situations' draw and label the force components as the pro!ection onto the a.es.
Then use tri$onometric functions to determine the ma$nitude of each component. Label the
ma$nitudes of the component on the dia$ram. P1+:

a. Lon 5auer pulls up with a force of 4/ N at
an an$le of ,/K to the hori2ontal on the
handle of his manual lawn mower.






b. Lean ?uss an#s on %pot's do$ chain with
a force of 12 N at an an$le of 3EK to the
hori2ontal.




Fse your noodle 8that's our brain9 to lo$icall thin# throu$h the followin$ two &uestions.

2. *hich of the followin$ statements is 4L:4+1
true of an ob!ect at e&uilibrium+
a. The ob!ect is at rest.
b. The ob!ect is maintainin$ its state of
motion.
c. The ob!ect's velocit is not chan$in$.
d. The net force on the ob!ect is E Newtons.
e. The ob!ect is NMT acceleratin$.
f. The individual forces actin$ on the ob!ect
are balanced.
$. :ll individual forces actin$ on the ob!ect
are e&ual in ma$nitude.

". The followin$ statements were made about an
ob!ect. 0n which case could ou conclude that
the ob!ect is at e&uilibrium+
a. The ob!ect is at rest.
b. The ob!ect has a constant velocit.
c. The ob!ect is movin$.
d. The ob!ect has a constant speed.
e. The ob!ect is stationar.
f. The acceleration of the ob!ect is E mJ sJ s.
$. The individual forces actin$ on the ob!ect
are balanced.


,. Three forces ; =
1
' =
2
' and =
"
; are actin$ upon an ob!ect.
Their relative ma$nitude and direction are shown at the
ri$ht. The .; and ;components are also shown.
6omplete the followin$ mathematical statements b
placin$ N' <' and > smbols in the blan#s.

=
1.
____ =
2.
=
1
____ =
"


=
2
____ =
"
=
1
O =
2
____ =
"



Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet 4
1% T!e &i+ure below is a sna(s!ot loo#in+ down on a bowlin+ ball )ovin+ at constant velocit"
&ro) le&t to ri+!t on a s)oot!1 level &loor% At t!e (osition s!own1 t!e ball is +iven a s!ort1 s!ar(
!it in a direction (er(endicular to t!e ballCs initial )otion%



H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 2 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s1b v2.1
". The fi$ure below is a snapshot loo#in$ down on a bowlin$ ball movin$ at constant velocit from
left to ri$ht on a smooth' level floor. :t the position shown' the ball is $iven a short' sharp hit in a
direction perpendicular to the ball's initial motion.








a. Mn the dia$ram' draw a path that the ball mi$ht follow after the hit. -.plain our
reasonin$ for the path ou drew.




b. 0mmediatel after the hit' will the speed of the ball be e&ual to' $reater than' or smaller
than the ball's velocit before the hit+ -.plain our reasonin$.




c. Iow will the velocit of the ball behave as time $oes b after the blow+ That is' will either
the ma$nitude or the direction of the velocit chan$e+ 0f so' how+





,. ?ou push a $rocer cart alon$ a level floor in the presence of friction effects
between the cart and the floor.

a. )raw force dia$rams for you' the cart' and the floorearth. =ull label
all vectors.






ou cart
floorJ-arth


A/ On t!e dia+ra)1 draw a (at! t!at t!e ball )i+!t &ollow a&ter t!e !it% E'(lain "our reasonin+ &or
t!e (at! "ou drew%




B/ I))ediatel" a&ter t!e !it1 will t!e s(eed o& t!e ball be e3ual to1 +reater t!an1 or s)aller t!an
t!e ballCs velocit" be&ore t!e !it8 E'(lain "our reasonin+%




5/ Aow will t!e velocit" o& t!e ball be!ave as ti)e +oes b" a&ter t!e blow8 T!at is1 will eit!er t!e
)a+nitude or t!e direction o& t!e velocit" c!an+e8 I& so1 !ow8

,% Kou (us! a $=-#+ s!o((in+ cart at a constant velocit" o& =%: )@s as "ou leisurel"
stroll AEB loo#in+ &or toilet (a(er% Findin+ a screa)in+ deal1 "ou (ic# u( 4
(ac#a+es t!at "ou esti)ate to !ave a )ass o& about , #+ eac! ."ou li#e t!e e'tra
t!ic# #ind/%
A/ rite t!e e3uation &or t!e &orces actin+ in t!e vertical direction and calculate t!e
nor)al &orce t!e &loor is (rovidin+%
B/ rite t!e e3uation &or t!e &orces actin+ in t!e !ori;ontal direction% I& &riction is resistin+ "ou
wit! $= N o& &orce1 !ow !ard )ust "ou (us!8
2% *eter)ine t!e tension in eac! cable in case A and case B i& t!e ball !as a )ass o& : #+%
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 2 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s1b v2.1
". The fi$ure below is a snapshot loo#in$ down on a bowlin$ ball movin$ at constant velocit from
left to ri$ht on a smooth' level floor. :t the position shown' the ball is $iven a short' sharp hit in a
direction perpendicular to the ball's initial motion.








a. Mn the dia$ram' draw a path that the ball mi$ht follow after the hit. -.plain our
reasonin$ for the path ou drew.




b. 0mmediatel after the hit' will the speed of the ball be e&ual to' $reater than' or smaller
than the ball's velocit before the hit+ -.plain our reasonin$.




c. Iow will the velocit of the ball behave as time $oes b after the blow+ That is' will either
the ma$nitude or the direction of the velocit chan$e+ 0f so' how+





,. ?ou push a $rocer cart alon$ a level floor in the presence of friction effects
between the cart and the floor.

a. )raw force dia$rams for you' the cart' and the floorearth. =ull label
all vectors.






ou cart
floorJ-arth
5ase A 5ase B
4% *eter)ine tension in eac! cable% .Aint: T!ere is )ore t!an one wa" to de&ine t!e s"ste)%/
:% Find t!e !ori;ontal and vertical co)(onents o& t!e Tension
in t!e &is!in+ line i& t!e tension is $== N%
<% A ,=== #+ ele(!ant stands on a ra)(% *raw a &orce dia+ra) to deter)ine t!e co)(onents o&
t!e ele(!ants wei+!t (arallel and (er(endicular to t!e ra)(%
>% T!e t!ree identical si+ns below are su((orted b" wires at t!ree di&&erent an+le orientations%
Since eac! si+n !as a wei+!t o& $=%= N1 eac! wire )ust e'ert a vertical co)(onent o& &orce o&
:%= N% Use a tri+ono)etric &unction to deter)ine t!e tension in eac! wire% A dia+ra) o& eac!
situation is s!own%
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 1 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s" v2.1
Free Particle Model Worksheet !:
"uantitati#e Force Analysis $ %ector Com&onents

1. )etermine the tension in each cable below. )raw a force dia$ram for the sstem before solvin$
the problem.
6ase : ; ball suspended on one cable 6ase 1 ; ball suspended b two cables




2. )etermine tension in each cable.






". =ind the hori2ontal and vertical components of the tension in the fishin$ line. %how our wor#.

55



4#$
,#$
)orce and 9ector 4!!lications

The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page ?
Physics Ti!: *hen a si$n is hun$ at equi librium' the downward pull of $ravit must be balanced b the
upward pull of the wires 8cables' strin$s' etc.9. 0n most cases' the wires are oriented dia$onall such that
the tension force has both a hori2ontal and vertical component. 0f the si$n is hun$ smmetricall' then
each wire pulls with the same amount of force and at the same an$le. The vertical component of the
tension will be the same in each wire. :nd if there are two wires' each wire must suppl sufficient up
pull to balance one;half the wei$ht of the si$n.

/. The three identical si$ns below are supported b wires at three different an$le orientations. %ince
each si$n has a wei$ht of 1E.E N' each wire must e.ert a vertical component of force of /.E N. Fse a
tri$onometric function to determine the tension in each wire. : dia$ram of each situation is shown.




0f han$in$ the above si$n with a $iven wire' which one of the above an$les would provide for the
safest arran$ement+ _____________ -.plain.





3. %uppose that a student pulls with two lar$e forces 8=
1
and =
2
9 in order to lift a 1;#$ boo# b two
cables. 0f the cables ma#e a 1;de$ree an$le with the hori2ontal' then what is the tension in the cable+




I& !an+in+ t!e above si+n wit! a +iven wire1 w!ic! one o& t!e above an+les would (rovide &or t!e
sa&est arran+e)ent8 E'(lain%
?% A nor)al &orce is a &orce w!ic! is alwa"s directed
A/ u(wards
B/ sidewa"s
5/ (er(endicular to t!e sur&ace t!e object is contactin+
B% An object is u(on a sur&ace% T!e nor)al &orce is e3ual to t!e &orce o& +ravit"
A/ in all situations
B/ onl" w!en t!e object is at rest
5/ onl" w!en t!e object is acceleratin+
*/ onl" w!en t!ere is no vertical acceleration
E/ onl" w!en t!ere is no vertical acceleration AN* FN and F+ are t!e onl" vertical &orces
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet :
For eac! o& t!e (roble)s below1 care&ull" draw a &orce dia+ra) o& t!e s"ste) be&ore atte)(tin+
to solve t!e (roble)%
$% A (erson !ulls on a := #+ des# wit! a ,==-N &orce actin+ at a 2=R an+le above t!e
!ori;ontal% T!e des# does not )ove%
A/ *raw a &orce dia+ra) &or t!e des#%
B/ rite t!e e3uation t!at describes t!e &orces t!at act in t!e '
direction%
5/ rite t!e e3uation t!at describes t!e &orces t!at act in t!e "
direction%
*/ *eter)ine t!e ' and " co)(onents o& t!e &orce o& tension%
E/ *eter)ine t!e value o& t!e &rictional &orce% *o t!e sa)e &or t!e nor)al &orce%
,% Su((ose t!at t!e (erson in t!e (revious (roble) were !us"ing do-n at a 2=R an+le wit!
,== N o& &orce% T!e des# still does not )ove%
A/ *raw a &orce dia+ra) &or t!e
des#%
B/ rite t!e e3uation t!at describes
t!e &orces t!at act in t!e ' direction%
5/ rite t!e e3uation t!at describes
t!e &orces t!at act in t!e " direction%
*/ *eter)ine t!e value o& t!e &rictional &orce% *o t!e sa)e &or t!e nor)al &orce%
2% a% *raw a &orce dia+ra)%
b% rite t!e e3uation t!at describes t!e &orces t!at
act in t!e ' direction%
c% rite t!e e3uation t!at
describes t!e &orces t!at
act in t!e " direction%
d% Su((ose t!at t!e )a+nitude o& T$ is := N% *eter)ine t!e )a+nitude o& T,%
e% *eter)ine t!e wei+!t o& t!e bo'% !at is its )ass8
4% *raw t!e &orce dia+ra) &or t!e bo'1 w!ic! rests )otionless on t!e ra)(%
a% rite t!e e3uation t!at describes t!e &orces t!at act in t!e '
direction%
b% rite t!e e3uation w!ic! describes t!e &orces w!ic! act in t!e " direction%
c% I& t!e )ass o& t!e bo' is ?%= #+1 deter)ine t!e value o& t!e nor)al &orce%
T
1
T
2
2/
2E
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet <
For eac! o& t!e (roble)s below1 care&ull" draw a &orce dia+ra) o& t!e s"ste) be&ore atte)(tin+
to solve t!e (roble)%
$% T!e cable at le&t e'erts a 2= N &orce%
a% rite t!e e3uation &or t!e su) o& t!e &orces in t!e '-
direction% !at is t!e value o& T,8
b% rite t!e e3uation &or t!e su) o& t!e &orces in t!e "-
direction% !at is t!e &orce o& +ravit" actin+ on t!e ball8
,% Kou (ull bac# "our $:-#+ brot!er in (re(aration &or a swin+in+ ti)e% Aow )uc! &orce )ust
"ou a((l" to !old !i) )otionless at an an+le o& ,: de+rees to t!e vertical8
2% T!e object !un+ &ro) t!e cable !as a wei+!t o& ,: N% rite t!e e3uation &or t!e su) o& t!e
&orces in t!e "-direction% !at is t!e tension in t!e cable8
4% Tar;an (re(ares to swin+ and )uc! to !is dis)a"1 +ets !is
loinclot! stuc# on a branc!% AeCs le&t !an+in+ wit! t!e vine (ullin+
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram " =ree Darticle 5odel' *s1b v2.1
4. )raw a force dia$ram for the child on the swin$ who is bein$ pulled bac# before bein$ released.
Label the force vectors and use e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.






A. )raw a force dia$ram for the climber who has stopped to rest. Label the force vectors and use
e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.







H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram " =ree Darticle 5odel' *s" v2.1

4. Tar2an prepares to swin$ and much to his disma' $ets his loincloth stuc# on a branch. Ie's left
han$in$ with the vine pullin$ upward at a ,E;de$ree an$le and his loincloth pullin$ him hori2ontall
to the ri$ht.
a. )raw a force dia$ram for Tar2an. 1e sure to brea#
an$led forces into components and indicate which forces
are e&ual with e&ualit mar#s.

















b. *rite an e&uation for the vertical forces on Tar2an. 8Loo# at our e&ualit mar#s.9





c. *rite an e&uation for the hori2ontal forces on Tar2an. 8Loo# at our e&ualit mar#s.9





d. Tar2an's mass is 4/ #$. 6alculate his wei$ht.





e. Fse the appropriate e&uation for the forces on Tar2an to determine the tension in the vine.






f. )etermine the tension in his loincloth.

u(ward at a 4=-de+ree an+le and !is loinclot! (ullin+ !i) !ori;ontall" to t!e ri+!t%
A/ I& Tar;ans )ass is >: #+1 calculate t!e tension in t!e vine%
B/ 5alculate t!e &orce o& t!e branc! on !is loinclot! .lets !o(e it !oldsS/%
:% T!e bo' on t!e &rictionless ra)( is !eld at rest b" t!e tension &orce% T!e )ass o& t!e bo' is
,= #+%
A/ !at is t!e value o& t!e tension &orce8
B/ !at is t!e value o& t!e nor)al &orce8
<% In t!e s"ste) below t!e (ulle" and ra)( are frictionless and t!e bloc# is in static e3uilibriu)%
!at is t!e mass o& t!e bloc# on t!e ra)(8
>% A )an (ulls a := #+ bo' at constant speed across t!e &loor% Ae a((lies a ,== N &orce at an
an+le o& 2=%
A/ Su) t!e &orces in t!e '-direction% !at is t!e value o& t!e &rictional &orce o((osin+ t!e
)otion8
B/ Su) t!e &orces in t!e "-direction% !at is t!e value o& t!e nor)al &orce8
?% A )an (us!es a ,%= #+ broo) at constant speed across t!e &loor% T!e broo) !andle )a#es a
:= an+le wit! t!e &loor% Ae (us!es t!e broo) wit! a :%= N &orce%
a% Su) t!e &orces in t!e "-direction% !at is t!e value o& t!e nor)al
&orce8
b% Su) o& t!e &orces in t!e '-direction% !at is t!e value o& t!e
&rictional &orce o((osin+ t!e )otion8
c% I& t!e &rictional &orce were suddenl" reduced to ;ero1 w!at would !a((en to t!e broo)8
Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
or#s!eet >
$% A diver dives o&& o& a ra&t - w!at !a((ens to t!e diver8 T!e ra&t8 Aow does t!is relate to
NewtonCs T!ird Law8

,% A tennis rac3uet !its a tennis ball% !" doesnCt t!e rac3uet swin+ bac#wards w!en t!e ball
!its it8 .S!ouldnCt it swin+ bac# because o& action-reaction &orces8/

2% !at action-reaction &orces are involved w!en a roc#et en+ine &ires8 !" doesnCt a roc#et
need air to (us! on8

4% !at &orces are actin+ on a boo# sittin+ on a table8 Are action-reaction &orces involved in
t!is situation8

:% I& two (eo(le eac! standin+ on a scooter board (us! o&& o& eac! ot!er w!at !a((ens .relate
to NewtonCs T!ird Law/8

<% In T: !ow would t!e distance )oved b" t!e scooter boards co)(are i& one (erson !ad a lot
)ore )ass t!an t!e ot!er (erson8

>% I& a (erson standin+ on a scooter (us!es o&& o& a wall1 w!at !a((ens8 5an t!is situation be
e'(lained in ter)s o& NewtonCs T!ird Law .action-reaction/8
?% Aow does t!e &orce bloc# A e'erts on bloc# B co)(are to t!e &orce
bloc# B e'erts on bloc# A8 *raw and label a 3uantitative &orce dia+ra)
&or eac! bloc#1 usin+ e3ualit" )ar#s on t!e vectors%
B% Aow does t!e &orce bloc# A e'erts on bloc# B
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 1 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s2 v2.1
Free Particle Model Worksheet ':
(nteractions

1. -.plain what a normal force is and $ive an e.ample.






2. 6an an inanimate ob!ect 8such as a table9 e.ert a force+ 6an the ma$nitude of the force e.erted
b an inanimate ob!ect chan$e+ -.plain and $ive an e.ample.









". 0f the acceleration of an ob!ect is 2ero' are no forces actin$ on it+ -.plain.










,. Iow does the force bloc# : e.erts on bloc# 1 compare to the force bloc# 1 e.erts on bloc# :+

)raw and label a &uantitative force dia$ram for each bloc#' usin$ e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.








H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 2 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s2 v2.1
/. Iow does the force bloc# : e.erts on bloc# 1 compare to the force bloc# 1 e.erts on bloc# :+

)raw and label a force dia$ram for each bloc#' usin$ e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.




















3. Iow does the force bloc# : e.erts on bloc# 1 compare to the force bloc# 1 e.erts on bloc# :+

)raw and label a force dia$ram for each bloc#' usin$ e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.










co)(are to t!e &orce bloc# B e'erts on bloc# A8 *raw and label a &orce dia+ra) &or eac! bloc#1
usin+ e3ualit" )ar#s on t!e vectors%
$=% Aow does t!e &orce bloc# A e'erts on bloc# B
co)(are to t!e &orce bloc# B e'erts on bloc# A8 *raw
and label a &orce dia+ra) &or eac! bloc#1 usin+ e3ualit"
)ar#s on t!e vectors%
$$% *raw and label all o& t!e action-reaction (aired &orces &or
t!e (erson (ullin+ t!e sled%
$,% $.UE or F#L%E: As "ou sit in "our seat in t!e (!"sics classroo)1 t!e Eart! (ulls down
u(on "our bod" wit! a +ravitational &orce7 t!e reaction &orce is t!e c!air (us!in+ u(wards on
"our bod" wit! an e3ual )a+nitude%
I& False1 correct t!e answer%
3.
cord is 2/P above the hori2ontal.
mass of #ids and sled > 1EE #$
Tension in cord is 12E N.
=riction force is 1/ N.
=ind the acceleration of the sled.
4.
hill is at a "/P an$le.
s#ierQs mass is 3E #$.
coefficient of friction is E.EA
determine the acceleration of the s#ier.
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram 2 =ree Darticle 5odel' *s2 v2.1
/. Iow does the force bloc# : e.erts on bloc# 1 compare to the force bloc# 1 e.erts on bloc# :+

)raw and label a force dia$ram for each bloc#' usin$ e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.




















3. Iow does the force bloc# : e.erts on bloc# 1 compare to the force bloc# 1 e.erts on bloc# :+

)raw and label a force dia$ram for each bloc#' usin$ e&ualit mar#s on the vectors.










Unit II-A: Balanced Forces
0eview or#s!eet
E/U#$,0
F+ H .$= N@#+/ )
1.0BLE2 %0LV,3 4,$%
$% %#etc! a &orce dia+ra)
,% 5nowns: write down ever"t!in+ "ou #now .F H 1 ) H 1 etc%/
2% #((licable e3uations:
Set u( e3uations &ro) t!e &orce dia+ra)%
rite down ever"t!in+ s")bolicall" .usin+ letters to re(resent all t!e &orces/ &irst%
*ont (ut in an" nu)bers until t!e end%
Vertical &orces and horizontal &orces do not a&&ect eac! ot!er%
4% .earran+e t!e e3uation to solve &or t!e variable "ou want to #now
:% %olve t!e (roble)S
1.#C$,CE /UE%$,0%
1. State Newtons $
st
Law%
2. State Newtons 2
rd
Law%
". !at is t!e di&&erence between )ass and wei+!t8 !at are t!e units o& eac!8
,. !at was di&&erent between Aristotles views on )otion and -alileos views on )otion8
/. A (iece o& dr" ice is #ic#ed across t!e &loor% I& it !as little to no &riction1 w!at will it do8 !at
would !a((en i& "ou e'erted a constant &orce on it8
3. !at 3uantit" describes !ow )uc! inertia an object (ossesses8
4. !en an object is in e3uilibriu)1 w!at )ust Fnet e3ual8
A. A/ Kou are in t!e &ront o& a bus1 standin+ in t!e isle wearin+ roller-blades% T!e bus suddenl"
starts to accelerate &orward% !at !a((ens to "ou8 !"8
B/ Now t!e bus is )ovin+ at a constant velocit"% !at is "our )otion relative to t!e bus8 E'(lain%
C. !en "ou &ire a ri&le1 w!" do "ou &eel t!e #ic#-bac#8 .E'(lain usin+ Newtons 2
rd
Law/%
$=% !en "ou (us! on a boo#1 t!e boo# (us!es bac# on "ou wit! t!e sa)e &orce% So
w!" does t!e boo# )ove1 and not "ou8
$$% A $===-N crate is dra++ed across a &actor" &loor at a constant velocit" b" (ullin+ on a
ro(e wit! a &orce o& 4== N1 as s!own in t!e (icture%
A/ *raw a &orce dia+ra) o& t!e &orces actin+ on t!e crate and label t!e)%
B/ rite e3uations &or t!e vertical and !ori;ontal co)(onents o& t!e &orces%
5/ Find t!e &orce o& &riction on t!e crate%
*/ Find t!e nor)al &orce on t!e crate%
E/ it! w!at &orce does t!e bloc# (ull on t!e ro(e8
$,% A B= #+ s#ier ta#es to t!e slo(es and reac!es a constant velocit"%
A/ *raw a &orce dia+ra) &or t!e s#ier% .Aint: use a coordinate a'is (arallel
and (er(endicular to t!e !illCs sur&ace/
B/ *eter)ine t!e s#ierCs wei+!t%


5/ *eter)ine t!e co)(onent o& t!e s#ierCs wei+!t t!at )ust be su((orted b" t!e !ill%


*/ *eter)ine t!e co)(onent o& t!e s#ierCs wei+!t t!at (ulls t!e s#ier down t!e slo(e%


E/ Aow )an" total Newtons o& &riction and air resistance act u(on t!e s#ier8 E'(lain !ow "ou
#now%
"E
H2EEC 5odelin$ 0nstruction Dro$ram , =ree Darticle 5odel' *s" v2.1
A. : CE #$ s#ier ta#es to the slopes and reaches a constant velocit.

a. )raw a force dia$ram for the s#ier. 8Iint: use a
coordinate a.is parallel and perpendicular to the hill's
surface as in &uestions / and 3 on this wor#sheet.9


















b. )etermine the s#ier's wei$ht.







c. )etermine the component of the s#ier's wei$ht that must be supported b the hill.







d. )etermine the component of the s#ier's wei$ht that pulls the s#ier down the slope.







e. Iow man total Newtons of friction and air resistance act upon the s#ier+ -.plain how
ou #now.