DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

PREVIOUS YEARS UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

Module 1
1) What is quantization? How is it employed in digitizing an image? 4
2) State Webers Law and explain Mach band effect. 4
3) State and explain Nyquist criteria. 6
4) Describe the importance of brightness , hue and saturation in a DIP system 6
5) What is brightness adaptation level? 4
6) Explain basic components of image processing system with block diagram 7
7) Discuss the important relationship between pixels in digital image. 5
8) Explain 2-D sampling theorem and discuss what is meant by aliasing? 7
9) Explain about Image Fidelity Criterion 4
10) Explain what is image digitalization. 4
11) Explain about Brightness and contrast level. 4
12) Discuss few areas of application of image processing. 4
13) Explain how an image is reconstructed from its samples. 6
14) With block diagram explain image processing sequence. 4
15) State and prove 2D sampling theorem. 12
16) Explain image sampling and quantization. 12
17) Explain the difference between gray level and binary image. 4

Module 2
1) What are the features of KL transform? 4
2) Differentiate orthogonal and unitary transforms 4
3) State and prove 2D-convolution theorem 12
4) Define Walsh Hadamard transform and represent H
1
, H
2
and H
3.
6
5) Define forward and inverse DCT and list its properties. 6
6) State important properties of unitary transforms. 4
7) What is KL transform and state its drawbacks. 4
8) Explain how DCT of an image can be computed using DFT method. 12
9) Define Hadamard transform and state its properties. 5,12
10) Using the following orthonormal matrix =
1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

,
find the transformed image and basis for the image matrix.

2 3
4 1
7
11) Define Haar transform and obtain Haar transform matrix for N=8 4
12) State properties of DFT 4
13) State the properties of cosine transform 4
14) State properties of Hadamard transform. 6
15) Define and explain 2 D orthogonal and unitary transforms 6
16) Define 2D orthogonal image transform function 4
17) Define and express 2D-Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Sine Transform 4
18) Find the output response of an additive linear space invariant system with input F(x,y) and the
system response H(x,y). 12
19) Explain 2D-DFT of digital images. Discuss its properties 12
20) Explain Hadamard Transform and its properties. 12
21) Explain how 2D- orthogonal transform of a digital image can be performed. 4
22) What is Haar transform? Discuss its properties. 4
23) Define 2D- DCT. Explain its properties. 12
24) Define KL transform. Give its properties. Discuss how it can be applied to transform a digital
image. 12
25) Explain how 2D DFT of an image can be computed using 1D DFT. what is the number of complex
multiplications required to compute 2D DFT of an image using FFT techniques? 12
26) Explain 2D unitary transform and its properties. 12

Module 3
1) Explain the role of smoothing and sharpening filters. 4
2) Explain linear filtering and root filtering. 4
3) Describe histogram modelling , histogram specification and equalization methods. 12
4) With block diagram, explain the working of a homomorphic filter and derive the output
equations 12
5) What is meant by negative image? Explain. 4
6) Explain why does histogram equalization not produce a perfectly flat histogram? 4
7) Discuss various point operations performed for image enhancement 12
8) Explain different image sharpening filters in special and frequency domain 12
9) Explain median filtering with an example 4
10) What is meant by directional smoothing? What are its disadvantages over lowpass filtering?
4
11) Explain about contrast stretching 6
12) Explain image averaging 6
13) Explain histogram modeling technique for image enhancement 4
14) Describe intensity level slicing in an image with and without background parameters 4
15) With block diagram explain apstrum and homomorphic image transform. 12
16) Explain spatial averaging and differential averaging filtering techniques. Also show that HP=
Original-LP 12
17) Explain how you crispen the edges of an image using unsharp masking. 6
18) Explain about image averaging in detail. 6
19) Explain various gradient operators applied for edge detection. 4
20) Sketch and explain the histogram of a bright image. 4
21) Explain the term Cepstrum. 4
22) Discuss the process of clipping and thresholding of digital images. 4
23) Explain properties of median filtering. 4
24) Explain spatial filtering methods for image enhancements. 12
25) Describe multi spectral image enhancement techniques. 12

Module 4
Image Restoration
1) Give a simple block diagram of image degradation model and explain each part. 4
2) What is pseudoinverse filter and give its uses. 4
3) What is recursive filtering? Explain causal models of recursive filters. Also describe the
operations of Kalman filter. 12
4) With a simple block diagram, explain the image degradation model in detail and mathematically
derive the output of this model. 12
5) Discuss the choice of regularization parameters used in constrained least square restoration
technique 4
6) Explain the restoration scheme using inverse filtering. What are its limitations? 8
7) Derive expression for the transfer function of the Weiner filter for image restoration 12
8) Explain how an image can be restored using recursive filtering technique with an example
12
9) Explain the terms smoothing splines and give two applications of spline functions. 4
10) With block diagram explain the image restoration scheme using inverse filter. List the
limitations. 12
11) Explain digital implementation of Wiener filter used for image restoration. How the limitations
of an inverse filter is eliminated in the design of Wiener filter. 12
12) Explain the process of interactive restoration. 4
13) Explain how diagonalization technique can be used to restore the image degraded by noise.
12
14) Explain constrained image restoration technique. 12
15) Explain image analysis and vision model. 12
16) Discuss the blind convolution method. 4
17) Explain digital processing of speckle images. 12
Image Segmentation
18) Explain what is segmentation 4
19) Discuss different operators for edge detection. Explain its performance. 12

Module 5
1) What is predictive coding? Give two examples. 4
2) What is run length coding? Perform run length coding for the following binary sequence.
11111111110000000011111111000000111111111100 4
3) What is lossless predictive coding? Explain any one lossless predictive scheme with a selected
example. 6
4) Describe MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 compression standards. 6
5) Describe the LZW compression method and code the sequence ABABBABCABABBA . 5
6) Give Shanno Fano coding algorithm and code the given symbols A, B, C, D, Ewith corresponding
probabilities 15/39, 7/39, 6/39, 6/39, 5/39, using Shanno Fano coding algorithm. Also find
efficiency and redundancy of the code. 7
7) Draw the block diagram of loss-less predictive coder and explain its operations 7
8) Write short note on JPEG standards 5
9) Describe the transform coding techniques with a block diagram 12
10) Discuss the need for image compression 4
11) Explain what is meant by lossless and lossy coding 4
12) Write short note on MPEG standards 6
13) Explain hybrid coding scheme for Image compression 6
14) Explain about variable length coding and bit plane coding 8
15) With block diagram, describe the working of a transform coder of 2D images 12
16) Describe different image compression standards and compare its performance 12
17) Explain a differential PCM coder with block diagram 4
18) Compare zonal coding and threshold coding technique 4
19) Explain bit plane coding method. Discuss its merits and demerits. 12
20) Discuss the process of image coding in the presence of channel errors. 12
21) Explain Huffman coding and bit plane coding. 12
22) Draw the block diagram of predictive lossless coder and explain its operation. 12
23) Explain what is meant by pixel coding. 4
24) Write short notes on: (a) Bit plane coding (b) Run length coding (c) Lossless compression
12
25) Explain adaptive transform coding. 4
26) Discuss bit allocation and rate distortion characteristics. 4
27) Discuss Run length coding method of digital images. 12