1

Chapter 1 Introduction of Unitech and Collage Group

1.1 Unitech Group
Established in 1972, Unitech is today a leading real estate developer in India. Known for the
quality of its products, it is the first developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 in North
India and offers the most diversified product mix comprising residential, commercial/IT
parks, retail, hotels, amusement parks and SEZs. The well-recognised brand was yet again
conferred with the title of "Superbrand" by Superbrands India in 2009. The Company is also
the recipient of the CW Architect and Builders Award, 2008 for being one of India's Top Ten
Builders.
Unitech has long partnered with internationally acclaimed architects and design consultants
including SOM (USA), BDP (UK), Maunsell AECOM (HK), MEA Systra (France), Callison
Inc. (USA), FORREC (Canada), SWA and HOK(USA) for various projects.
It has an enviable clientele for commercial projects including Fidelity, McKinsey, Bank of
America, Ford Motors, Nike, EDS, Hewitt, Amdocs, Ernst & Young, Reebok, Keane,
Seagrams, Perfetti, Exxon Mobil and AT Kearney. Unitech Scrip is one of the most liquid
stocks in the Indian stock markets and was the first real estate company to be part of the
National Stock Exchange's NIFTY 50 Index. The company has over 600,000 shareholders.
Recently the Company has ventured into the infrastructure business by launching Unitech
Infra, thus leveraging its decades of experience and expertise in real estate.

1.2 Collage Group
The Collage Group is an affiliate firm of Som Datt Builders Ltd. (SDB), a company
specializing in turnkey infrastructure projects. The company made a debut in 1976 as a
project exporter and today numerous prestigious projects have been executed in India, as well
as internationally.
SDB is a globally recognized name, known for its expertise in developing commercial
townships and Institutional buildings, airports, water & sewage treatment plants, power
stations, pipelines, industrial structures, heavy foundations, roads and highways, bridges,
towers & chimneys and heavy equipment erection.
2

Following in its footsteps is the Collage Group, specializes in International Trading Services,
Celebrity Management and Real Estate.
The Collage Group, founded in 1990, is a research and knowledge-driven real estate firm
with a pan-India footprint and is developing state-of-the-art real estate infrastructure, both
retail and residential across the country.
Collage Group firmly believes that in a world of retail concepts, more than static concrete
structures, it is ultimately the volume and velocity of the flow of people, of merchandise, of
energy and of money, which will be the key determinants and driving force for success.
We believe that understanding consumption patterns and shopping behaviour helps us create
successful retail landscapes and choreograph shopping experiences that people love to come
back to. Our goal is to work towards the success of our tenants, retailers and investors by
developing real estate concepts that offer the right environment to display merchandise, build
brands and maximise ROI. Collage Group has a team of seasoned professionals with rich
experience in FMCG, Real Estate, Retailing, Project Management, Corporate Governance
and Finance











Chapter 2 Introduction of working site
2.1 Location of Site
The Construction site is located at Kolar road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
airport is 22 km and takes about 40 minutes. The railway station at Habibganj is only 13 km
away and takes 25 minutes to reach
Its Prime Features are:
o The proposed development is on the planned 100 feet wide Bhopal
o The site is only 100 m from the road c
Bypass (NH 12) 9kms away.
o Prime residential hubs like Chuna Bhatti are located within 5kms
o The site is located at a distance of
takes only 10 min of driving time to reach.


3
Chapter 2 Introduction of working site
The Construction site is located at Kolar road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
airport is 22 km and takes about 40 minutes. The railway station at Habibganj is only 13 km
away and takes 25 minutes to reach.
The proposed development is on the planned 100 feet wide Bhopal
100 m from the road connecting Kolar road to
12) 9kms away.
Prime residential hubs like Chuna Bhatti are located within 5kms of the site.
e is located at a distance of 7 kms from Ayushman hospital & Shahpura and
of driving time to reach.
The Construction site is located at Kolar road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The drive from the
airport is 22 km and takes about 40 minutes. The railway station at Habibganj is only 13 km
The proposed development is on the planned 100 feet wide Bhopal - Kolar Road.
onnecting Kolar road to the Hoshangabad
of the site.
kms from Ayushman hospital & Shahpura and

4

Chapter 3 Details of the Project
3.1 Great India Place (GIP) Mall:
Unitech and Collage group have come together to launch The Great India Place, a 9,00,000
sq ft of integrated retail, entertainment and leisure complex on Kolar Road in Bhopal.
The Great India Place is positioned as an all-under-one-roof retail and entertainment
destination. It caters to the needs of the entire family and offers a combination of value,
fashion, lifestyle, and entertainment options at multiple price points targeting the middle
income consuming classes.
Leading international and national lifestyle brands, food from around the world, a large world
class indoor family entertainment centre with the latest rides, bowling alley, gaming
machines and a six-screen multiplex combined with intelligently designed spaces will help
choreograph unmatched shopping experiences for the entire family.
Highlights
900,000 sq ft of built up area
7 Screen, 1500 seat Multiplex
30,000 sq ft for food court
40,000 sq ft for family entertainment centre
100,000 sq ft hyper mart
Parking for 1000 cars
At the time of starting of our training, the excavation was done about 5.5m at the GIP Mall
site by the time we started the training. Upto 1- 1.5m below the ground level Black Cotton
Soil was observed followed by yellow soil. Interestingly there was a small sandy layer at a
depth of 3-4 m. Setting of Grid lines was also being done to mark the columns from the
architectural drawings to the field. We got a chance to see the foundation works which
included raft, combined and individual footings. Before placing the raft of the foundation,
two layers of PCC of 50mm were used in addition with mortar layer for proper water
proofing. Concreting of retaining walls was also being done which gave us a real life
experience of the problems faced during compacting and pumping of concrete.





5

3.1.2 Drawings









6

3.2 Unihomes
Unihomes at Bhopal is a 23 acre premium residential development, developed by the joint
collaboration of Unitech and Collage Group is located on proposed four lane Kolar road, with
upcoming residential and commercial developments in the vicinity. All amenities are
available within 5 km radius including school, bank, ATM, hospital, shopping centre, petrol
pump etc.
The construction of Unihomes is done on the basis of phase construction. At the time of
starting our training, some buildings were near to completion stage, while still there are pile
load tests are ongoing for some other building, hence, in this way, we are in a position to gain
knowledge of all the aspects of building construction.
A total of 41 buildings with 24 flats each were being constructed in blocks. It was a G+5
framed structure with each floor having 2 2BHK flats (987 sq ft) and 2-3 BHK flats (1280 sq
ft). Foundation used was bored cast in situ Pile with a safe load bearing capacity of 33 tonnes.
M-25 Concrete was used in pile caps for each pile group. Reinforcement used in pile was
12mm 5 bars and rings of 6mm 17 nos. The depth of pile from cut-off level was 5m and
diameter of pile 375mm.
3.2.1 Drawings:

7

4.Testing Of Materials
4.1 Cement tests:
4.1.1Determination of compressive strength of cement -
Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 6)
4.1.2 Determination of fineness by wet sieving
Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 15)
Formula used:
Residue Percentage =

()
()


It should be less than 10%.
4.1.3 Determination of initial and final setting times of cement
Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 5)
Initial setting time should be greater than 30 min for 43/53 grade cement.
Final setting time should be less than 600min for 43/53 grade cement.
4.1.4 Determination of consistency of cement paste
Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 4)
Using Vicats Apparatus, The standard consistency of cement paste is the percentage of
water required, where the plunger penetrates into the cement paste of about 5 to 7mm
from the bottom of the mould.
4.1.5 Method of casting of cement cubes
Code Referred: IS 650
The size of the mould is 7.06 cm. The instrument is set for 5 minutes.




8

4.2 Concrete Tests:
4.2.1 Method of casting of concrete cubes
Code Referred: IS 516

4.2.2 Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes
Code Referred: IS 4031
Permissible tolerance for concrete made on site = -3.5 MPa to +12 MPa
Formula for Finding Strength:

Compressive Strength (MPa) =
()
(

)

The load is multiplied by calibration constant and then by 1.25 to get the exact strength

4.2.3 Determination of workability by compaction factor test
Code Referred: IS 1199
Formula for finding the compaction factor

Compaction Factor =




4.2.4 Determination of workability by slump cone test
Code Referred: IS 1199
Slump = Difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of
thesubsidized concrete being tested.





9

4.3 Soil Tests:-
4.3.1 Grain Size Analysis
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 4)
The material passing 100mm sieve and retained on 75mm sieve is called `COBBLE.
The material passing 75mm sieve and retained on 4.75mm sieve is called `GRAVEL.
The material passing 4.75mm sieve and retained on 75microns sieve is called `SAND.
The material passing 75microns sieve is called `SILT.

4.3.2 Determination of liquid limit and plasticity index -
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 5)
These are called Atterbergs Limits.
Liquid Limit:-









Plastic Limit:-
The moisture is taken when the soil just crumbles with no pressure and
the soil no longer can be rolled.
Plasticity Index (%) = Liquid Limit (%) Plastic Limit (%)
The liquid limit should be less than 25% and the plastic limit should be
less than 6%. In case of sandy soil, PL should be determined first. When PL
10

cannot be determined, PL is reported as Non-Plastic (NP). When the PL is equal
or greater than the LL, the PI is reported as zero.

4.3.3 Determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content by
proctor`s density test-heavy compaction method
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 8)

OMC = Optimum Moisture Content
MDD = Maximum Dry Density

4.3.4 Determination of shear strength of soil -








11



A graph is plotted between shear stress and displacement.
Shear strength = C + tan ()
C = cohesion of soil
= normal stress
= angle of friction

4.3.5 Determination of California Bearing Ratio
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 16)

Penetration depth (mm) Unit standard load
(kg/sq.cm)
Total standard load (kg)
2.5 70 1370
5.0 105 2055
7.5 134 2630
10.0 162 3180
12.5 183 3600

The CBR value will be generally reported at 2.5mm penetration, in some cases if the
CBR value at 5.0mm is greater than 2.5mm penetration, the test shall be repeated,
if identical results obtained the result at 5mm penetration shall be reported as CBR
of that material.
The value of CBR for soil should be greater than 10. But the addition of lime or
cement to the soil increases the CBR value, so it can be less.
The value of CBR value for aggregates should be greater than 30, but usually it is
greater than 100.
Correction factor = 6.956

CBR =


100


12

CBR =


100

4.4 Aggregates:-
4.4.1 Determination of aggregate impact value
Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 4)
Aggregate Impact Value (%) =

The fraction passing 2.36 mm sieve
The weight of aggregate teken in the measure before crushing
100
The difference between the initial weight and (the total weight retained on 2.36mm
sieve plus the passed weight) should be less than 1gm. If it is not so, then the test
sample is rejected.
The AIV should be less than 30%.

4.4.2 Determination of Los Angeles abrasion value
Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 4)
Abrasion Value =

.


It should be less than 30%.


4.4.3 Determination of crushing strength of aggregates
Aggregate crushing value (%) =Percentage passing through 2.36mm sieve.

4.4.4 Determination of specific gravity and water absorption using wire basket
Code Referred: ASTM C127
13

=

( )

=

( )

(%) =
100( )

A = Weight of oven dry test sample in air (gm)
B = Weight of saturated surface dry test sample in air (gm)
C = Weight of saturated test sample in water (gm)

4.4.5 Determination of soundness of aggregate by sodium sulphate
Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 5)
Soundness (%) =


100

Soundness should be less than 12%.










14

Chapter 5 Mix design of M20 concrete
5.1 Design Stipulation
a. Compressive strength of Required in field 28 Days : 20

b. Maximum size of Aggregate : 20 mm
c. Degree of Workability : 0.90 compacting
factor
d. Degree of Quality Control : Good
e. Type of Exposure : Moderate

5.2 Test data for Materials
Specific Gravity
(i). Specific gravity of cement (OPC 43 Grade) : 2.92
(ii). Specific gravity Aggregate (20 mm) : 2.82
(iii). Specific gravity Aggregate (10 mm) : 2.81
(iv). Specific gravity sand : 2.41

5.3 Water Absorption

Coarse Aggregate : 0.73%
Fine Aggregate : 1.00%

5.4 Free surface moisture :-

Coarse Aggregate : Nil
Fine Aggregate : 2.00%







15

5.5 Sieve Analysis
Individual grading of stone aggregates
20mm Stone Aggregate Sample Weight: 5000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)
Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
40.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20.000 129.00 129.00 2.58 97.42
10.000 3200 3329.00 66.58 33.42
4.750 1126 4455.00 89.10 10.90


10mm Stone Aggregate Sample Weight: 5000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)
Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
40.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
10.000 2066.00 2066.00 41.32 58.68
4.750 2486 4552.00 91.04 8.96

Remark: Coarse Aggregate Conform to grading as per CPWD specification


16

Coarse Sand Sample Weight: 3000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)

Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
10.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 156.00 156.00 5.20 94.80
2.360 64.00 220.00 7.33 92.67
1.180 364.00 584.00 19.47 80.53
0.600 604.00 1188.00 39.60 60.40
0.300 1348.00 2536.00 84.53 15.47
0.150 376.00 2912.00 97.07 2.93

Remark: Fine Aggregate Confirm to Grading of Table 19-70, code IS-383

Combined Grading of Mix Stone Aggregate
Proportion
of Agg.
40% 60% Total Combined Grading
Sieve Size
(mm)
20 mm 10 mm
40.000 40.00 60.00 100.00 100
20.000 38.97 60.00 98.97 95-100
10.000 13.37 35.21 48.58 25-55
4.750 4.36 5.38 9.74 0-10
17

5.5 Method of Design
The step by step mix proportioning is as follows:
I. Target mean Strength

+
Where
fck = Characteristic compressive strength of 28days
t = A statistical value (1.65) from table-2 of IS 10262-1982
s = Standard deviations (4.6) from table-1 of IS 10262-1982
So,

= 20 +4.60 1.65 = 27.59

II. Section of water-cement ratio:
Water cement ratio for the target mean strength is chosen from fig-1 of IS-10262-1982,
as W/C ratio 0.50.
This is lower than the maximum value of 0.55 prescribed moderate exposures.
(IS 456:2000)
III. Air Content:
From Table 3 of IS- 10262-1982 for nominal maximum size of Aggregate as 20mm, take
amount of entrapped air in the wet concrete as 2%.
IV. Selection of water and sand content:
W/C = 0.60, workability 0.80 compaction factor (Applicable for concrete up to M35
Grade concrete)
From table 4 of IS 10262-1982
For 20mm nominal maximum size of aggregate water content per cum of
concrete =186 kg/m3
Sand as percentage per cum of Total aggregate by absolute volume =35%





18

V. Adjustment for other conditions:

Adjustment of value in water content and sand percentage for other condition

Change in condition stipulated
Adjustment Required
Water Content
Percent sand in Total
Aggregate
For Sand conforming to zone-III
0 -1.5%
For decrease in W/c ratio by 0.60 to 0.50 =0.10
0 -2.00%
For increase in compaction factor (0.90-0.80)
=0.10
3% 0
Total
3% -3.50%

Therefore, required sand content = (35 -3.5) %=31.50%
Required water content = 186 wt +3% of 186 =191.58 ltr
Determination of cement content
Water Cement Ratio W/C = 0.50
Cement = 191.58 /0.50
= 383.16 Kg
Therefore required sand content is adequate for moderate exposure condition according to
IS 456-1978

Determination of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate for entrapped air like wet concrete
using equation:

= { +

+
1

}
1
1000

&
= { +

+
1
1

}
1
1000

19

For fine aggregate:
0.98 = {191.58 +
383.16
2.92
+
1
0.315

2.41
}
1
1000

= 498.91

For Coarse aggregate

0.98 = {191.58 +
383.16
2.92
+
1
1 0.315

2.90
}
1
1000

= 1305.53

Final Values:
Water : 191.58
Cement : 383.16
Fine Sand : 498.91
Coarse aggregate : 1305.53


Summary
S.NO. Trial No. Cement/m
3
W/C Ratio Required
Water Ltr
Cube Strength at
28 days (Avg.)
Kg/cm2
1 Trial -1 380 0.51 194.39 241.67
2 Trial- 2 383 0.51 195.88 281.67
3 Trial -3 385 0.51 196.87 308.33
4 Trial -4 387.5 0.51 198.11 325.00


Therefore approved job mix formulae for M20 RCC is as below

Water : 195.88 ltr
Cement : 383.00 kg
Fine Sand : 495.69 kg
Coarse aggregates : 1297.11 kg
20

Conclusions
The opportunity to work in a large organization as Unitech has given us insight into the
running of professional businesses. We have gained much by way of exposure to current
industrial practices for which we are very grateful. Working at office, we got our exposure
with the detailed drawing of this project and we learn how the design of any project came
into existence in the field. Drawings of the project gave us a clear cut idea of whole
construction project.
Working at two construction site, construction site of Unihomes where G+5 storeys
buildings were constructed and the construction site of GIP mall enlightened us of the
existence of various avenues in Civil engineering which will be helpful in deciding a suitable
course.
In this project, we learnt and experienced the process of working at the construction site. We
learn about the foundation being used in Mall i.e., raft foundation and that in buildings i.e.,
pile foundations, their practical implications and problems occurring at site. We had also
performed various laboratory testings required for the construction viz tests on soil, cement,
aggregates, concretes etc. We also learn about mix design used in the construction site (M20,
M25) and how the concrete was produced by the batch mix plant in the construction site and
how it was transported from the mix plant to the construction site. We saw the process of
spreading concrete through mixer truck and pumping of concrete through the closed conduit
with the help of concrete pump and the compaction of concrete with the help of vibrating
compacting machine.
This project report contain location of the training site ,types of foundation used in the
project, construction of multi storey building ,type of construction or methodology of
construction used in the construction site and the various tests conducted on concrete,
cement, soil, aggregate, mix design and the production of concrete through batch mix plant.
The major portion of this project was the construction of (G+3) Mall. Detail of every process
or methodology mention in the above is included in this project report. Due to which this
report give us a clear cut idea about the project and construction work which has completed
in the construction site.
21

Time spent at the site was exciting as we witnessed several new things and were also able to
relate some of the work at the office to what was actually happening. Much emphasis was
given on trying to teach me as many new things as possible. Being on the site with the
engineers has brought to my notice the various problems that could arise. I have also been
initiated to an extent to the demanding world of on-site work. The Quality and Planning
departments also had much to offer and enlightened me on the various kinds of methodology
used and office work encountered.
As such the whole project had been a successful one, most of the goals had been achieved
and the study program has been fulfilled. The Unihomes and the GIP Mall project were big
enough to carry out such a complicated working of construction program. It was an extremely
knowledgeable experience, one from which we will draw a lot to guidance and prepare
ourselves for what lies ahead.