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1) The social conventions of the time lead Marlow to act shy around women of his own social class but bold around servant women. Women were seen as objects for marriage rather than individuals, and servant women were often subjected to harassment.
2) Goldsmith uses comedy to highlight and critique the treatment of women in society and the roles ascribed to each gender. Kate pursues Marlow, reversing expectations to indirectly criticize views of women as financial commodities.
3) Multiple characters and events are connected by the theme of appearances versus reality, from Marlow and Hastings' rude behavior due to mistaken identities, to Kate disguising herself to expose Marlow's true character. This theme is key to the comedy's humor and
1) The social conventions of the time lead Marlow to act shy around women of his own social class but bold around servant women. Women were seen as objects for marriage rather than individuals, and servant women were often subjected to harassment.
2) Goldsmith uses comedy to highlight and critique the treatment of women in society and the roles ascribed to each gender. Kate pursues Marlow, reversing expectations to indirectly criticize views of women as financial commodities.
3) Multiple characters and events are connected by the theme of appearances versus reality, from Marlow and Hastings' rude behavior due to mistaken identities, to Kate disguising herself to expose Marlow's true character. This theme is key to the comedy's humor and
1) The social conventions of the time lead Marlow to act shy around women of his own social class but bold around servant women. Women were seen as objects for marriage rather than individuals, and servant women were often subjected to harassment.
2) Goldsmith uses comedy to highlight and critique the treatment of women in society and the roles ascribed to each gender. Kate pursues Marlow, reversing expectations to indirectly criticize views of women as financial commodities.
3) Multiple characters and events are connected by the theme of appearances versus reality, from Marlow and Hastings' rude behavior due to mistaken identities, to Kate disguising herself to expose Marlow's true character. This theme is key to the comedy's humor and
Q1-In She Stoops to Conquer, which social conventions lead
Marlow to have two personalities, the first shy and the second lively? The social convention that Goldsmith is exploring is the way in which women were treated in his time. Although this play is a comedy, and it is clear that Marlow's exaggerated shyness and reticence when faced with women of his own social standing and then his outgoing, lustful advances when he believes he is with a serving woman are deeply funny, at the same time they do point out a social convention that is far more serious than the humour in this play would suggest. Women of social standing were viewed not as individuals in their own right but only in terms of what they could bring to a marriage. This helps the audience understand by Mrs Hardcastle is so set on the idea of her son marrying Constance in order to secure her colonial jewels. However, the opposite is also true, in that serving women, without any wealth or property, were often subjected to harassment from predatory males such as Marlow is presented as being when he first meets Kate in her guise as serving woman. Note how Marlow very quickly tries to make advance on Kate in this scene The shyness of Marlow with women of his own social standing and the contrast with his behaviour to serving women thus highlights the way in which society and in particular male society viewed women at the time of the play. They were either viewed as nothing more than a financial transaction in the first place or easy pickings in the second place, both of which demean the position of women. Goldsmith presents Marlow's character in this way precisely to highlight the treatment of women in his society. Comedy is also used to explore a more serious theme in the play, which is that of the roles ascribed to particular genders. This play reverses the audience's normal expectations of these, as the audience sees a woman pursuing a man, and not the other way round. This highlights the way that women were seen as financial commodities in that time, as exemplified by the example of Constance, whose value only based on the jewels she will inherit. By reversing the situation with Kate and Marlow, Goldsmith is indirectly criticizing such views that dehumanize women and only see their value as being financial Q2-"She Stoops to Conquer" a comedy or a farce? She Stoops to Conquer is both farcical and an example of a "comedy of manners." Farce is defined as "boisterous comedy involving ludicrous action and dialogue which is intended to excite laughter through exaggeration and extravagance rather than by a realistic imitation of life." A comedy of manners pokes fun at "the manners and conventions of aristocratic, sophisticated society."
Q3- Who is the central character of "She Stoops to Conquer" and why? While the characters tumble over each other in this play of mistaken instructions, mistaken behavior and mistaken identity, the real story centers around Kate Hardcastle. Kate is determined to marry for love, and not for social standing or convenience. She is the title character, and she 'conquers' Marlow's heart by fooling him into revealing his generous and unbiased nature. She undergoes a change, from disliking him to truly respecting and loving him, and in that change she sees the importance of crossing the boundaries of class and society. She manipulates the situation and she wins out in the end. With the action centering around her, Kate is the protagonist. Q4-Describe the major character, Marlow, of the comedy She Stoops to Conquer. The major character of She Stoops to Conquer is Marlow. Marlow is the son of Sir Charles Marlow, an old friend of Mr. Hardcastle, who has recommended Marlow as a suitable husband for Hardcastle's daughter Kate. Hardcastle has never met Marlow but has heard from Sir Charles that Marlow is a scholar, brave, handsome, young, generous and painfully reserved and stand- offish. Kate has her reservations about a suitor who is neither warm nor affectionate but his good looks seem to ease the difficulty if only he can be persuaded into affection by being proud of his bride. Marlow, is the one and only character who is willing to make the decision to marry based on nothing except his emotions. When he "courts" Kate, whom he believes to be nothing more than a barmaid, he gradually comes to fall in love with her, and when pressed by her in Act V, declares that love, saying that he will marry her no matter what her connections and her lack of a title and birth is.Note what he says: By heavens, madam, fortune was ever my smallest consideration. Your beauty at first caught my eye; for who could see that without emotion? But every moment that I converse with you, steals in some new grace, heightens the picture, and gives it stronger expression. What at first seemed rustic plainness, now appears refined simplicity. What seemed forward assurance, now strikes me as the result of courageous innocence and conscious virtue. There is of course an irony in this speech, as Marlow sees Kate for the dignified well-brought up lady that she actually is, yet what distinguishes Marlow from everybody else is that he is not swayed by money or by connections. An important theme in this play is marriage and the way that Goldsmith satirizes it to be the social contract that it was in his day rather than anything to do with emotions. Note how reluctant Constant to marry without her jewels. By contrast, Marlow is willing to marry a barmaid because of his emotions alone, which makes him the most important character simply because he is so honest. In a play that is all about hypocrisy and appearances vs. reality, honesty is a virtue indeed.
Q5- What does Oliver Goldsmith want to show when Marlow and Hastings behave rudely with Mr. Hardcastle when they think that he is an innkeeper? There are three reasons for the hilarious scene at the beginning of Act II when Marlow and Hastings converse with Mr. Hardcastle believing him to be an innkeeper. Firstly, there is immense humour in this scene, which relates to the theme of appearances vs. reality that is so predominant in this play. Marlow and Hastings believe that Mr. Hardcastle is an innkeeper, whereas actually he is the owner of the house and Marlow's future daughter-in-law. Thus to have Marlow ignore him and to treat him dismissively as if he were a servant is hilarious Secondly, to support the theme of appearances vs. reality. Mr. Harcastle has been led to believe that Marlow is shy and retiring. This of course is completely at odds with his current behaviour, as Mr. Hardcastle observes: This is the most unaccountable kind of modesty I ever met with. Of course, Marlow is not being "modest" at all, and this irony is a chief source of humour as the true nature of Marlow is something that both Mr. Hardcastle and his daughter, Kate, have to unfold in the rest of the play. Lastly, this scene exposes the class system in England at the time and the ways in which the upper classes treated those below them.
Q5-Discuss the theme of reality versus appearance in She Stoops to Conquer. In this comedy as in many comedies, the theme of appearance vs. reality is a key to its humour. Cases of characters and objects appearing to be something that they not actually are in reality, either through mistaken identity or through deliberate deceit, are very common in this play. Perhaps one of the first that are revealed to the audience is in Act I scene 2, when Tony deliberately tells Hastings and Marlow that the house he is sending them to is an inn and that his father-in-law is a character who is a member of the working class but who has ideas above his station. Note what Tony says for his reasons for doing this: Father-in-law has been calling me whelp and hound this half- year. Now, if I pleased, I could be so revenged upon the old grumbletonian. And revenged he certainly is, because Marlow and Hastings initially at least believe his lie completely, acting in ways that are very insulting to Mr. Hardcastle until they realize the truth. Appearance vs. reality of course is chiefly discussed in the relationship between Kate and Marlow, as Kate deliberately disguises herself as a maid in order to win Marlow's affection, and to make him less timid. Note her reasoning as she explains why she is disguising herself to her maid: But my chief aim is to take my gentleman off his guard, and like an invisible champion of romance, examine the giant's force before I offer combat. Ironically, it is her disguise that brings out the reality of Marlow's true character. Yet the theme of appearances vs. reality is something that ironically helps reality emerge. Note how it is Kate's deception and disguise as a barmaid that helps her to discover what Marlow is truly like, and it also helps Marlow relax and be himself with her, eventually deciding to marry her no matter what society will think Appearances vs. reality is thus a key theme that is central to this comedy.
Q6- what are Aristotle's three unities in the play? Goldsmith uses the three unities: The Unity of Action - This is the one Unity that Goldsmith does not strictly follow; there is the inclusion of the Constance-Hastings eloping sub-plot that distracts from the main story of the play. However, it shares similar themes of relationships, for example mutual attraction or the arrangement of a parent or guardian. Furthermore, the sub-plot is inter-weaving with the main plot, for example, when Hastings and Marlow confront Tony regarding his mischief making. The Unity of Time - The alternative title of Mistakes of the Night illustrates that the Unity of Time is carefully observed. With all of the events occurring in a single night. The Unity of Place While some may question whether She Stoops to Conquer contains the Unity of Place after all, the scene at the "The Three Pigeons" is set apart from the house but the similarity between the alehouse and the "old rumbling mansion, that looks all the world like an inn" is one of close resemblance; enough that in past performances, the scenes have often doubled up the use of the same set backdrop. Also, there is some debate as to whether the journey to "Crackskull common" counts as a separate setting, but since the truth is that the travelers do not leave the mansion gardens, the Unity of Place is not violated.