2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Social control refers to social__1__, planned or unplanned, __2__ people are taught, persuaded,
or __3___ to conform to ___4__. In every society, some punishment or negative ____5_are
established for deviant behavior. __6___ deviant behavior there would not be need for social control
and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the __7___ between the
acceptable and the unacceptable.
Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of
disapproval by significant others and ___8___ of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most
people ____9__ norms ___10___ socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against
deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience __11____ as an agent of social control. When
informal sanctions fail, formal agent of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society,
such formal agents and agencies include ____12___ and other mental health professions; mental

万学教育，
hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents
___13__to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict __14___would also point out that
social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to __15___the interests of powerful groups
and to enforce the norms most ___16__to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define
unacceptable behavior.
Social control, whether formal or informal, has a __17___function. First, it punishes the
wrongdoer and __18___ the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it
__19___ the manner in which deviants are ___20___.
1. [A] procedures. [B]processes. [C]phenomenon. [D]management.

海文考研。
2. [A] by which. [B]through which. [C]by that. [D]in which.
3. [A] led. [B]ordered. [C]forced. [D]tamed.
4. [A]norms. [B]rules. [C] regulations.[ D] demands.
5. [A] reactions.[ B] institute. [C]organization. [D]sanctions
6. [A] With. [B] Adding. [C] Without. [D] Except.
7. [A] boundary. [B]territory. [C]area. [D]line.
8. [A] upholding [B] withholding [C] uplifting.[ D] withdrawing.
9. [A] externalize. [B]internalize. [C]popularize. [D]standardize.
10. [A]in the course of.[ B]in the light of. [C]in the wake of.[ D]in terms of.
11. [A]handle [B]cope. [C]deal] D] operates.
12 [A]psychiatry [B]physician [C]psychologist [D]physiologist.
13. [A]role. [B]importance [C]function. [D]work.
14. [A]novelists. [B]cartoonists. [C]socialists. [D]theorists.
15. [A]satisfy [B] meet. [C]serve. [D]attract.
16. [A] helpful. [B]harmful. [C] influential.[ D] beneficial.
17. [A]duel [B]dual. [C] unique.[ D], double.
18. [A] praises. [B]criticizes [C] define.[ D] reaffirms

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19. [A] control [B], regulates.[C]correct. [D]guide.
20 [A]treated [B] seen [C] considered[ D]thought.
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A , B, C, or
D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Every year around this time the middle kingdom undergoes a profound transformation as
millions migrate back to their family homes to reunite with loved ones for the start of the Chinese
New Year in what is surely the world’s greatest non-disaster exodus. China's railways ministry
forecast they would carry 178.6 million passengers during the travel rush from January 23 to
March 2.
Like ants to honey the population feeds and thrives on this devotion to the family, which is at
the core of Chinese New Year celebrations. It underpins and feeds China’s charge into the 21st
century. Undeniably it is a source of sustenance and fiber that many western nations lack and are
grappling to come to grips with. Behind the glitz and glory of the upcoming Olympics China still
has millions of workers slaving away, saving their salaries to send back to loved ones who are
struggling in the village or less prosperous rural areas. For these workers who have been building
the physical infrastructure for the nation they have been looking forward to the upcoming weeks
with a pained longing.
University students around the country have also been obsessing on the Chinese New Year

万学教育，
after slogging away for months and they too are converging on train stations en masse to travel,
often several thousands of kilometers, back to their hometowns. For these two groups, students and
migrant worker, who are less wealthy, it usually means first lining up, often for hours before
ticketing booths open. Most will be content just to be able to stand, even a day and a half, as long
as they get home to be with their family. You will see them sleeping under train seats, among
pumpkin seeds and empty noodle bowls, while others even snore standing or lock themselves away
inside fetid lavatories just trying to steal a few moments peace away from the crowded carriage
conditions.
Though amid all this hardship and bother the desire to sit around the circular table and share
dinner with family on Chinese New Year Eve erases any built up resentment. It is this commitment

海文考研。
and sacrifice to the family institution that many westerners admire and envy about the Chinese.
Ask any social worker, psychologist, community leader, police or prison officer and they will
remind you that at the heart of a good member of society there will usually be found a solid
character nurtured by a loving support network.
Definitely the best thing many will be doing here in China is going home over the next few
weeks to see their families, no matter what it takes to get there - push, shove, bribe – whatever.
This food for the soul is at the heart of the world’s greatest exodus and it is a fuel that sustains,
regulates and revitalizes a people that are now more than ever changing the world landscape.

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1，The following statements from the Para 2, and Para 3 are all mentioned except:
[A], Chinese people, including migrant workers and students, value Spring Festival very much.
[B], the migrant workers, students bounding for home experienced bitter journey.
[C], China is still a developing country with a great amount of poverty-stricken areas.
[D], train service has been terrible and train compartments are always dirty and fetid.

2, from the passage, we can draw that the author’s attitude towards Chinese spring festival travel
“rush hour”, is:
[A], regardless.
[B], appreciative
[C], subjective
[D], objective.

3, what is the best title for this passage:

[A], Longing for going home.
[B], the world’s great exodus.
[C], bitter experience of going home.
[D], migrant worker and student.

4, from the whole passage, we can conclude that:

[A], all the migrant worker and student will go home during the Spring Festival.

万学教育，
[B], students are less tolerant of terrible atmosphere in compartment than migrant worker.
[C], the journey toil and discomfort will be greatly eased after successfully arriving at home.
[D], nostalgia is the exceptional and unique phenomenon in China.

5, the passage properly is excerpted from:

[A], commentary.
[B], novel.
[C], textbook.
[D], anecdotage.

海文考研。 Text 2
MODERN economies are not built with capital or labor as much as by ideas. Nearly half
America's gross domestic product is based on intellectual property, one estimate found. Japan has
called the husbanding of such property a national priority. A raft of United Nations agencies,
covering health or development or trade, are squabbling over how best to enforce patents and
copyrights while also promoting innovation. The latest contribution to this feverish debate is a
report released this week by Britain's Treasury, called the “Gowers Review of Intellectual
Property”. It follows a year-long study led by Andrew Gowers, an ex-editor of the Financial Times.
Its aim was to take a rational, evidence-based view of intellectual property and ways to safeguard
it. To the dismay of some and the delight of others, it calls for a balance between the interests of
creators and the public.
This idea of balance will anger the entertainment industry, which has tried to win over

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 politicians with some siren songs. For example, the music company EMI enlisted ageing
crooners to back its campaign for the length of copyright for sound recordings in Europe to be
extended from 50 to 95 years, following America's lead. The study rejects this. It wants much
firmer enforcement of the rules, but also says copying material for private use should be made
easier.
The report urges a reform of the patent system. Going to court to uphold a patent costs a
company a minimum of $1.5m; that may oblige innocent firms to pay to settle and prevents
infringed parties from seeking redress. A system to protect intellectual property is meaningless if
only the rich can use (or abuse) it. The study provided a chance for all sides in the debate to lay out
their cases—so it is affecting the climate of opinion all over the world. In Australia this week, a
Copyright Amendment Bill passed both houses of parliament, but only after some draconian
features—like stiff fines for unintentional infringement—were removed at the last minute.
In many places there is a problem over intellectual property because of an imbalance of power
between copyright and patent holders on the one hand, and the public on the other. The new
review, by sifting evidence rather than taking the lobbyists' guinea, seems to have pushed the
global debate forward.

6, all the statements are included in the paragraph 1, except:

[A], both America and Japan attach importance to intellectual property.
[B], ideas are not as important as capital and labor in modern economies.
[C], protecting patens and promoting innovation has been the hot topic in US.
[D], balance between the interests of different parties is the key to protect patent.

万学教育，
7, from the paragraph 2, the entertainment industry wants to:
[A], win the election campaign.
[B], compose some siren songs.
[C], get extended music copyright.
[D], enforce the copyright rules.

8, the key concern behind the intellectual property lies in:

[A], the flimsy governance over intellectual property.
[B], people’s indifference toward copyright protection.

海文考研。
[C], the fragmented intellectual property system.
[D], imbalanced interests distribution institution.

9, from the whole passage, we can draw:

[A], stiff fines or punishment for intellectual property infringement is feasible.
[B], intellectual property protection contributes most to America’s GDP growth.
[C], promoting innovation and protecting copyright is an unavoidable contradiction.
[D], the controversy between all the concerned parties will continue as always.

10, the author’s tone of narrating intellectual property protection is:

[A], biased,
[B], subjective.

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[C], candid.
[D], slanted.
Text 3
My friend Xiao Wang should have scored a 40,000-yuan ($5,256) a month job as a sales
director at a top US company. Instead he became yet another victim of East meets West culture
clash. The American company was a major international player and was hunting for a top sales
manager who could fire up its new Chinese operations. Chinese-born, US educated Xiao Wang
was more than qualified having worked in America in the same industry, but living most of his life
in China. He knew the local market well. The mid 30s Beijinger is a naturally charming fellow and
after dining with him a few times I could understand why he had carved out a successful sales
career. He is a great listener, and always gives his undivided attention to whoever is speaking. He
has the knack of making you feel special and rarely speaks about himself. The US firm flew Xiao
Wang to Shanghai for the main interview and the feedback was positive. Xiao Wang had one more
hurdle, a final telephone meeting with the Asia Pacific sales director, who was based in the United
States. After the hook-up, Xiao Wang felt confident. Interestingly, the interviewer did not ask many
questions, however Xiao Wang believed it was simply a confirmation call. But he failed to be
hired.
This was the classic West meets East cultural dilemma in which the Aggressive meets the
Passive. I have found that many Chinese are not direct. My Chinese friends tell me that speaking
your mind in front of others may cause disharmony to the group. Although there are exceptions to

万学教育，
this rule, and the younger generation is becoming more forthright, many Chinese still believe that
it is better to agree face-to-face and negotiate afterwards, than blatantly disagree at a meeting.
The US sales director may have been expecting a typical "go-getter" sales guy like himself.
He may have been expecting the candidate to behave like he once had in previous job interviews.
He wanted a sales manager who oozed confidence, and was powered by aggression. He wanted
someone who was willing to knock down doors and explain why he was the right man for the job.
Xiao Wang was not on the same page. He was waiting for questions and expected the mood and
pace of the conversation to be dictated by the interviewer.
Body language expert Albert Mehrabian found that only 7 percent of communication was
verbal (words only) and 38 percent vocal (tone of voice, inflection, and other sounds). More than

海文考研。
half of the communication process - 55 percent - was non-verbal, including body language, facial
expressions and gestures. If only the American big shot had enjoyed a hotpot with Xiao Wang, he
would have met the real man, would have probably hired him and guaranteed the success of his
China operations.

11, from the interviewer’s point of view, Xiao Wang’s failure to land the job just because:
[A], Xiao Wang is a local in Beijing and doesn’t have the relevant working experience.
[B], Xiao Wang is too active and outspoken to be accepted by the company.
[C], Xiao Wang did not have the drive and passion to lead a new business.
[D], Xiao Wang didn’t disagree with his interviewer face to face.

12, in author’s opinion, Chinese people:

[A], can’t confidently express themselves at all.

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[B], are not good at expression.
[C], express themselves in a detoured way.
[D] bravely disagrees with their boss.
13, in paragraph 3, the word “go-getter” generally means:
[A], Passive and useless.
[B], enterprising and capable,
[C], tame and compliant.
[D], brave and radical.

14, from the last sentence of the passage, the author implies:
[A], Xiao Wang is a nice guy; the interviewer should have made friend with Xiao Wang.
[B], Xiao Wang is a not qualified candidate; the interviewer had made a right decision.
[C], Xiao Wang is an underestimated; the interviewer missed the chance to hire the most eligible
guy.
[D], Xiao Wang is misread, the interviewer should have known more him and Chinese culture.

万学教育，
15, the whole passage tells us all but:
[A], in order to guarantee the success of Chinese operation, international company should attach
equal importance to talent and culture.
[B], besides verbalization, non-verbal, including body language, facial expression and gesture are
all involved in communication process.
[C], Chinese people can’t be an international talent just because their indirect and passive
character.
[D], the cultural difference between West and East should be taken into consideration for both
Chinese and foreigner.

海文考研。 Text 4
….SOMETHING has gone terribly wrong with Japanese education—or so say the Japanese. They
fret that Japan has slipped down the international rankings for high-school literacy, mathematics
and science. In the OECD's last assessment of 15-year-olds in 41 countries, Japan remained a
healthy second in science, but had fallen from first to sixth in maths and from eighth to fourteenth
in reading ability. Parents are also worried about the resurgence of bullying and suicides among
schoolchildren. Facing probable defeat in next summer's upper-house election, the fledgling
government of Shinzo Abe has been casting around desperately for something—anything—to
prove that it really is listening to people's concerns. Education is seen as a handy distraction. The
kind of reforms the government has in mind, however, are not designed to help young people make
critical judgments in a fast-changing, information-driven, global environment. Instead, the ruling
Liberal Democratic Party and its coalition partner, the New Komeito, have rewritten Japan's post-
war education law with the aim of boosting patriotism among the young. Bunmei Ibuki, the
education minister, also believes elementary schools have no place teaching foreign languages
such as English. The first requirement, he insists, is that pupils acquire what he calls a “Japanese
passport”—i.e., a thorough grasp of the country's history and culture, and perfection in their own
language.
Parliament's lower house has approved legislation which, besides stressing the importance of

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 parental guidance, requires schools to instill “a love of one's country” in children. The
opposition parties boycotted the recent lower-house vote, but the ruling coalition's majority in the
upper chamber has allowed the bill to scrape through and become law. Because it was used in the
past to fan the flames of militarism, teaching patriotism has long been taboo in Japan. With its
heavy emphasis on morality and nationalism, the new legislation bears some resemblance to the
Imperial Rescript on Education of 1890. In the decades up to the end of the Second World War,
children were forced to memories the rescript and recite it, word for word, before a portrait of the
emperor. Following Japan's surrender, the allied occupiers ended the practice, appalled by its
demands for juvenile self-sacrifice in the name of the emperor.
The paradox is that Japan does need serious education reform. The school system and
curriculum were designed 60 years ago, when a generation of children from farming communities
was being trained for long, uncomplaining hours on production lines. In the intervening years the
economy has changed out of all recognition. Yet the education system—with its continued
emphasis on facts and figures and drilling of mental arithmetic—has remained stubbornly rooted in
the past. Its continued economic success suggests that Japan's teenagers are paying less heed to all
this, as they quietly master the creative skills needed to prosper in a modern world. In this context,
perhaps those perplexing slippages in formal grades, mirrored in other post-industrial countries,

万学教育，
ought actually to raise a cheer.

16, what can we draw from Para, 1:

[A], Japan has slipped down the international rankings, including: mathematics and science,
reading ability.
[B], bullying and suicides among schoolchildren used to be a headache faced in Japanese society in
the past.
[C], the education reform of Japanese government is dedicated to creative thinking and critical
judgments

海文考研。
[D], Japanese government has been forbidding teachers to teach English in Japanese elementary
and high school.

17, in Para 1, “Japanese passport” called by Bunmei Ibuki, generally means:

[A], the legal document issued by Japanese government when someone wants to travel to Japan.
[B], the travelers who want to go to Japan must have a high command of Japanese or her culture.
[C], the precondition of being Japanese, the equivalent to Japanese citizenship.
[D], Japanese government has attached more importance to her immigration policy.

18, From Para 2, the controversy between the two parties indicates all, except:
[A], militarism and nationalism have been the hot topic in Japanese society.
[B], Japanese education in 1890 bore deep imprint of imperialism.
[C], in the past, teaching patriotism was encouraged in order not to fan militarism.
[D], during the Second World War, Japanese student must be self-sacrificed in the name of
emperor.

19, in the last paragraph, the word “paradox” can be replaced by:
[A], absurdity.

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[B], self-contradiction.
[C], reasonableness.
[D], strangeness.

20, from the last sentence, we know that the author’s attitude towards Japanese education reform
is:
[A], radical.
[B], supportive.
[C], uninterested.
[D], disapproved.

Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to
guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning
of each numbered part of the text (1-5).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.
There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
1. (10 points)
WHEN the subject is global warming, the villain is usually America. Although it produces a
quarter of the greenhouse gases that are heating up the planet, it refuses to regulate them. When
other countries agreed on an international treaty to do so—the Kyoto protocol—America failed to
ratify it. But not all American officialdom is happy with the federal government's stance.

万学教育，
_____________1__________________. The Supreme Court heard argument in the case on
November 29th. The outcome will not be known for months, but the political wind seems to be
shifting in favor of firmer action to counter climate change.
The Clean Air Act charges the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with regulating air
pollution from vehicles. But the EPA argues that Congress did not intend to include CO2 under that
heading, and that to do so would extend the EPA's authority to an unreasonable extent.
Furthermore, it contends that regulating emissions would not do good unless all or most other
countries did the same. _______________2___________________. Ten states, among them gas-
guzzling Texas and car-making Michigan, also back the EPA.
The plaintiffs comprise 12 states, three cities, various NGOs, and American Samoa, a Pacific

海文考研。
territory in danger of vanishing beneath the rising ocean. They are supported by a further six states,
two power companies, a ski resort, and assorted clergymen, Indian tribes and agitated grandees
such as Madeleine Albright, a former secretary of state. They point out that under the
administration of Bill Clinton; the EPA decided that it did have the authority to regulate CO2.
____________3_______________. It goes on to define public welfare to include “effects on soils,
water, crops, vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife, weather, visibility, and climate”.
The Supreme Court may give a mixed ruling, decreeing that carbon dioxide is indeed a pollutant,
but one the EPA is free to ignore or regulate as it pleases. Or it might dismiss the complaint on the
grounds that the plaintiffs did not have the right to lodge it in the first place. In theory, they must
prove that the EPA's foot-dragging has caused them some specific harm that regulation might
remedy—a tall order in a field as fraught with uncertainty as climatology. Even if

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 the court found in the plaintiffs' favor, rapid change is unlikely. By the time the EPA had
implemented such a ruling, Congress would probably have superseded it with a new law.
That is the point, environmental groups say. They want Congress to pass a law tackling global
warming, and hope that a favorable court ruling will jolly the politicians along. Moreover, the case
has a bearing on several other bitterly-contested lawsuits. Carmakers, for example, are trying to get
the courts to strike down a Californian state law based on certain provisions of the Clean Air Act
that require them to reduce their vehicles' CO2 emissions. If the Supreme Court decides that the act
does not apply to CO2, then the Californian law would also be in jeopardy. That, in turn, would
scupper the decision of ten other states to adopt the same standard.
However the Supreme Court rules, many state governments are determined to tackle climate
change.
California is in the vanguard. ____________4___________. Seven eastern states have formed
the Regional Greenhouse Gas
Initiative, which will treat emissions from power plants the same way. Almost 400 mayors
have signed an agreement to cut their cities' emissions in line with Kyoto.
_________5______________ .And several of the leading contenders for 2008's presidential
election are much keener on emissions caps than Mr. Bush. Change is in the air.

A. Its legislature has passed a law that will cap and then reduce industrial emissions of
greenhouse gases.

万学教育，
B. The act, they note, says the EPA should regulate any air pollutant that “may reasonably be
interpreted to endanger public health or welfare”.
C. The powerhouses, such as United States, Australia and Japan are reluctant to reduce their
emission in the name of economic development.
D. Many businesses, even some power companies, would rather see regulation now than
prolonged uncertainty.
E. That is in keeping with the policies of President George Bush, who opposes mandatory
curbs on emissions and believes that any international accord on global warming should apply to
all countries—unlike the Kyoto protocol, which exempts poor ones, including big polluters such as

海文考研。
China and India.
F. The Kyoto protocol which requires all the signed country to, bindingly, decrease their CO2
emissions, fails to meet their expected aim just because of obstruction in some gas-guzzling
countries arguing that all the counties, including the developing countries such as India and Brail
should ratify it too.
G. In fact, 12 states disagree so fiercely that they are suing to force it to curb emissions of
carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas.

Part C
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese.
Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 1)
Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable
consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some,

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 the court found in the plaintiffs' favor, rapid change is unlikely. By the time the EPA had i
however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form
scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different
areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 2) This
trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that
the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot
generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will
arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the
scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 3) This seems
mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals
but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate
recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But
decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the
supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a
valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become
confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 4) However, the
world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more
fascinating and delightful aspects. 5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought
must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
Section III Writing

万学教育，
Part A
Directions:
You are the chairman of the student society of your university. One of the candidates wanted
to apply for a position as a coordinator in foreign affair department. After several times of
selection, you have to decline the candidate just because there is more qualified applicant.
You are required to write a letter of rejection in no more than 120 words, you should
highlight the following point: 1), present your acknowledgement for his application. 2), tell me the
reason why he was not chosen. 3), some necessary suggestions for his further application, or so on.
Don’t use your own name, using Director Li instead.

Part B
Direction:
海文考研。
On August, 24th 2008, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Game successfully lowered her curtain with
applause. Its extraordinary success, which was praised by Jacques Rogge, the president of IOC
(international Olympic committee) as an “exceptional one in the Olympic history”, greatly
delighted and motivated us. As a Chinese college student, what’s your perspective on the success
of Olympics?
You are required to include the following points in your composition.
1). the reason why China can present such a great Games
2). and list some specific or concrete examples to support your viewpoint.
3). what motivated you most during or after the Games.
Your composition should be well-organized, appropriately-phrased. Your composition should
be limited to no more than 250 words.

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