THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AVAILABLE AND THE LATEST

DEVELOPMENT IN ICT







GROUP MEMBERS : Nur Fatin Ashikin binti Yunos
Iffah Aqilah binti Mohamad
Nur Raihana binti Abdul Aziz
Siti Nurfahana binti Jamil

CLASS : 4.4

IC NO : 980217017038




1.0 Introduction
Open Source Software
Open source is a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed peer
review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is better quality, higher
reliability, more flexibility, lower cost and an end to predatory vendor lock-in. Open source
doesnt just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must
comply with the following criteria:
1. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
2. The program must include source code and must allow distribution in source code as well
as compiled form.
3. The license must allow modifications and derived works and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.
4. The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed
without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.
5. The license must not restrict other software.
Hardware
Computer hardware means the physical (internal and external) component of a computer and the
digital circuits and computer chips inside the computer. In the recent times, the hardware has
been evolved in way that it can be controlled, configured and troubleshoots through the software.
Most of the hardware has not been seen by the users as it has been embedded inside the
computer. Hardware includes the internal and external components, storage controllers,
removable media and communication and peripheral devices.



Software
Computer software is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the
instructions telling a computer what to do. We can also say software refers to one or more
computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. Program
software performs the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing
instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software.
Software is intangible, meaning it cannot be touched. Software is also sometimes used in a
more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that
has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes and records.














4.0 The Latest Development in ICT
4.1 Hardware
NIKON DS4

The Nikon D4S is a full frame professional DSLR camera manufactured by Nikon that is an
improvement of the Nikon D4. It was announced on February 24, 2014.The improved image
sensor powered by the Expeed 4 processor reduces image noise at high ISOs by one f-stop.
Additionally it offers a range of other improvements over its predecessor, mainly many new
custom settings to improve ergonomics, ISO setting up to 25,600 and with Hi4 setting up to ISO
409,600, AF Tracking with 5 points for photo and video up to uncompressed Full HD 60p and
11fps full AF and exposures. The body weight is 7 ounces more than its predecessor Nikon D4,
with a 2,500mAH (vs 2,000mAH in the D4) battery, and a new Ethernet port at 1 gigabit
(1Gbit/s or gigE). An option of RAW image capture enables either full resolution (16 MP for the
D4S) or a "Small" file size (4 MP for the D4S). Nikon's new DSLR also delivers changes to the
auto-focus system for both photos and video. Behind the lens, there's improvements to both the
tracking system and the algorithms that govern how the D4S focuses.






NIKON DF

The Nikon Df is a Full Frame F-mount DSLR FX format camera first announced by Nikon on
November 5, 2013. It uses dedicated mechanical controls similar to those used on mechanical
35mm film SLR camera and has an appearance similar to the Nikon FE and Nikon FM film
cameras.It has the same Sensor Overall Score 89 of DxOMark with Nikon D4, the Nikon Df set
in a 1st low-light rank with 3279 ISO (Nikon D4 with 2965 ISO), but in practice the difference is
small. Nikon has announced the Df, which combines the design and controls from its classic film
cameras with the modern technology of a digital SLR. The Df's body resembles that of Nikon's
F-series 35mm cameras, complete with dials for shutter speed, aperture, and exposure
compensation. Unsurprisingly the Df cant match the D4s maximum burst rate either at 5.5 fps
but it adopts the same glass pentaprism as that and D800 with a 100-percent coverage and large
(0.7x magnification) viewfinder image. It also has a large 3.2-inch high-resolution LCD panel to
the rear.Although the Df is a autofocus camera and was launched with a special edition AF-S
Nikkor 50mm f1. Like those earlier film era cameras the Df is available in black and chrome
finishes, and measuring 143.5 x 110 x 66.5 mm and weighing 710g (1.56 lb) its the smallest and
lightest full-frame model in the firms line up.





4.2 Software
MICROSOFT 7

Windows 7 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft, a version of
Windows NT. Development of 7 occurred as early as 2006 under the codename "Blackcomb".
Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on
October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista.
Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.
Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to the operating system,
intending to address criticisms faced by its predecessor, Windows Vista (such as performance
improvements), whilst maintaining compatibility with hardware and software designed for Vista.
While retaining a similar appearance to Vista, 7's interface was streamlined, with the addition of
a redesigned taskbar that allows applications to be "pinned" to it, and new window management
features. Other new features were added to the operating system, including libraries, the new file
sharing system HomeGroup, and support for multitouch input. A new "Action Center" interface
was also added to provide an overview of system security and maintenance information, and
tweaks were made to the User Account Control system to make it less intrusive. 7 also shipped
with updated versions of several stock applications, including Internet Explorer, Windows Media
Player, and Windows Media Center.In contrast to Vista, Windows 7 was generally praised by
critics, who considered the operating system to be a major improvement over its predecessor due
to its increased performance, its more intuitive interface (with particular praise devoted to the
new taskbar), fewer User Account Control popups, and other improvements made across the
platform. Windows 7 was a major success for Microsoft; even prior to its official release, pre-
order sales for 7 on the online retailer Amazon.com had surpassed the record set by Harry Potter.
MICROSOFT 8

Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft as part of Windows
NT family of operating systems. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its
predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009. It was announced at CES 2011, and followed by the release of
three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released
to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was released for general availability on October 26,
2012.Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface
to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile
operating systems, including Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch-
optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which
displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for
developing apps with an emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services
(including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online
store for downloading and purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0,
Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing.