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This document provides the design calculations for a 3-phase core type distribution transformer with a rating of 125kVA and nominal frequency of 50Hz. The calculations determine the key transformer parameters and dimensions, including window size, core size, winding arrangements, resistances, efficiencies and losses. The maximum efficiency of 98.11% occurs at a load of around 45% of full load.
This document provides the design calculations for a 3-phase core type distribution transformer with a rating of 125kVA and nominal frequency of 50Hz. The calculations determine the key transformer parameters and dimensions, including window size, core size, winding arrangements, resistances, efficiencies and losses. The maximum efficiency of 98.11% occurs at a load of around 45% of full load.
This document provides the design calculations for a 3-phase core type distribution transformer with a rating of 125kVA and nominal frequency of 50Hz. The calculations determine the key transformer parameters and dimensions, including window size, core size, winding arrangements, resistances, efficiencies and losses. The maximum efficiency of 98.11% occurs at a load of around 45% of full load.
Q=input('enter the value of kVA rating');%in our case-125kVA;
f=input('enter nominal frequency');%may be use to design pulse transformer
V1=11;%primary voltage in kV k=0.45; %for 3 phase core type distribution transformer Et=k*sqrt(Q); phim=Et/(4.44*f); Bm=input('enter the value of magnetic flux density'); Ai=1e6*phim/Bm;%net iron area in mm2 d=sqrt(Ai/0.6); %diametr of circumscribing circle{Ai=0.6*d^2(for 3 stepped)} a=0.9*d;%width of largest stamping kw=10/(30+V1);%window space factor for rating 50-200 kVA cd=input('enter the value of current density (A/mm2)'); Aw=Q*1e6/(3.33*f*Bm*kw*cd*1e6*Ai*1e-6*0.001); %Q=3.33*f*Bm*kw*cd*Aw*Ai*0.001 Aw=window area in mm2 k1=input('enter the ratio of window height to window width i.e. Hw/Ww');%vary from 2-4 Ww=round((Aw/k1)^0.5); %Aw=Hw*Ww=ki*Ww^2 width of window in mm Hw=round(k1*Ww)%height of window in mm Dis=Ww+d%distance b/w adjacent limbs Ay=1.2*Ai%area of yoke{taken larger than limb so that flux is reduced in yoke} Agy=Ay/0.9%stacking factor=0.9 Dy=a%taking yoke as rectangular Hy=Agy/Dy%height of yoke H=Hw+2*Hy %overall height W=2*Dis+a%overall width V2=400 %secondary line voltage V2ph=V2/sqrt(3) %secondary per phase voltage Ts=V2ph/Et %turns per phase I2=Q*1000/(3*V2ph) %secondary phase current a2=I2/cd %area of secondary conductor in mm2
%standard area=79.1mm2 size of wire are 20*4mm and 25*3.2mm and the thickness of %insulation is taken as 1mm. %If we take Hw/Ww=3, then % If we use 20*4mm strip it doesn't effectively fit in the window using two % layer helical winding, that's why we use 25*3.2mm strip and three layer % winding
%If we take Hw/Ww=4, then % we get clearance on each side = 2mm, but the minimum clearance % required is 6mm, that's why we are not using the Hw/Ww=4 with 2-layer winding cdn=I2/79.1 % new current density acc. to standard size. Ns=V2/(1.731*Et) %no. of turns per phase on secondary winding Nsl=round((Ns/3)+1) %no. of turns per phase per layer in secondary winding thcs=Nsl*25.1 %total height of conductor in one layer of secondary clrs=(Hw-thcs)/2 %clearance on each side of the layer
%clearance is within standard limits
%pressboard of 0.5mm is used between three layers and of 1.5mm between core %and first layer thus total width of the winding is IDs=d+(2*1.5) rds=(3*3.3)+(2*0.5)% radial depth ODs=2*((3*3.3)+(2*0.5)+1.5)+d % outer diameter of secondary winding in window
%design of high voltage winding Tp=V1*1000/Et % primary turns per phase Tp5=1.05*Tp; %for +-5% tappings
% We are employing total of 8 coils of primary winding and each coil has 24 layers Tpc=round(Tp5/8) %turns per coil Tpl=Tpc/24 % turns per layer maximum_voltage_btw_layers=2*Tpl*Et
%maximum_voltage_btw_layers is below the allowable limit
I1=Q*1000/(3000*V1) %primary current per phase cdp=2.5 % current density on primary side is larger due to better cooling a1=I1/cdp % Dc=sqrt(4*a1/3.14) % diameter of bare conductor
%we are using paper covered conductors for high voltage winding % so for given diameter the standard value of diameter of 1.4mm with fine % covering is 1.575mm
a1n=3.14*(1.4^2)/4 % modified area cdpn=I1/a1n % new current density
% 10mm space is employed betweeen adjacent coils so thcp=Tpl*8*1.575+8*10 %total height of conductor in one layer of primary clrp=(Hw-thcp)/2 % clearance. This is used by insulation and bracing
% Radial insulation is done with paper of 0.3 mm thick thl= 10 % thickness_of_insulation_between_HV_and_LV_winding in mm IDp=round(ODs+2*thl) rdp=24*1.575+23*0.3 % radial depth of coil ODp=round(ODs+2*thl+2*(24*1.575+23*0.3)) % outer diameter of primary clearance_bw_adjacent_HVwindings=Dis-ODp
% RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT mdp=(ODp+IDp)/2 % mean diameter lmtp=3.14*mdp/1000 % length of mean turn of primary winding in meters Rp=Tp*0.021*lmtp/a1n %resistance at 75"C
R=Rp+Rs*(Tp/Ts)^2 % total R referred to primary Rpu=I1*R/(V1*1000)
%LEAKAGE REACTANCE mdw=(ODp+IDs)/2 % mean diameter of winding lmtw=3.14*mdw/1000 %length of mean turn of winding hw=(thcs+thcp)/2 %height of winding X=2*3.14*f*4*3.14*1e-7*(Tp^2)*(lmtw/hw)*(thl+(rdp+rds)/3)*1e-3 % referred to primary Xpu=I1*X/(V1*1000) Zpu=sqrt((Rpu^2)+(Xpu^2))
%REGULATION puRu=Rpu %per unit regulation at unity pf puRl=Rpu*0.8+Xpu*0.6 % per unit regulation at lagging pf
%LOSSES ohmloss=3*(I1^2)*R %taking stray losses to be 15% of ohmic losses TOL=1.15*ohmloss % total ohmic loss
%density of laminations=7.6*1e3 kg/m3 Wtl=3*Ai*Ww*1e-9*7.6*1e3 % weight of limbs % Bm in limbs=1.3Wb/m2 so specific core loss=2 W/kg corelossl=2*Wtl % core loss in limbs
Wty=2*W*Ay*1e-9*7.6*1e3 % Bm in yoke=1.1Wb/m2 so specific core loss=1.2 W/kg corelossy=1.2*Wty
TCL=corelossl+corelossy %total core loss
%EFFICIENCY TLfl=TOL+TCL % total loss at full load eff=(Q*1000)/(Q*1000+TLfl) % efficiency at unity pf and full load
%for max efficiency max_eff_occurs_at_this_load=sqrt(TCL/TOL)*100
OUTPUT
enter the value of kVA rating125 enter nominal frequency50 enter the value of magnetic flux density1.3 enter the value of current density (A/mm2)2.3 enter the ratio of window height to window width i.e. Hw/Ww3