SARASOLA v.

TRINIDAD

Facts:

1. A complaint for injunction was filed by the petitioner before CFI Manila to restrain the Collector of Internal
Revenue from the alleged illegal collection of taxes in the amount of 11,739 pesos
2. CIR interposed a demurrer to the complaint on the following grounds:

a. Court had no jurisdiction of the subject matter because of the provisions of the Sec. 1578 of the
Administrative Code
b. Facts stated in the complain did not entitle the plaintiff to the relief demanded

3. Judge of CFI sustained the demurrer (basing his decision from Churchill case)
4. The appellants assignments of error can be summarized as to the following: Is the legal provision
prohibiting the courts from granting an injunction to retrain the collection of internal revenue taxes
constitutional?
5. The laws in question in this case are Secs. 1578-1579 of the Administrative Code of 1917.

Sec. 1578: Injunction not available to restrain collection of tax No court shall have authority to grant an
injunction to restrain the collection of any internal revenue tax.

Sec. 1579: Recovery of tax paid under protest When the validity of any tax is questioned, or its amount
disputed, or other question raised as to liability therefore, the person against whom or against whose
property the same is sought to be enforced shall pay the tax under instant protest, or upon protest within
10 days, and shall request the decision of the Collector of Internal Revenue. If the decision of the Collector
of Internal Revenue is adverse, or if no decision is made by him within 6 months from the date when his
decision was requested, the taxpayer may proceed, at any time within 2 years after the payment of the tax,
to bring an action against the Collector of Internal Revenue for the recovery without interest of the sum
alleged to have been illegally collected, the process to be served upon him, upon the provincial treasurer,
or upon the officer collecting the tax.

Note: The antecedents of the aforecited laws found its particular inspiration in a similar provision in the
Act of Congress (of the United States).

Issue: W/N the words without interest is constitutional.

Held: YES

Principles from US cases:

1. Broad principle: every taxpayer has a right to a remedy for any actual wrong he may have suffered in the
collection of taxes. Usually, a party will find a plain and sufficient remedy for the injuries complained of,
or threatened, in the courts of law; in such instances, equity will not take jurisdiction.
2. Where, as in the Philippines, the taxpayer is permitted to pay the amount demanded of him under protest
and then maintain an action at law to recover back the whole amount paid or so much of it was illegal
exacted, this is regarded as an adequate remedy.
3. The phrase without interest were not included when the Legislature of the State of Tennessee enacted a
statute similar to that of the Philippine statute: This remedy is simple and effective it is a wise and
reasonable precaution for the security of the government. No government could exist that permitted its
collection to be delayed by every litigious man or every embarrassed man, to whom delay was more
important than the payment of costs.
4. There can be no case of equitable cognizance where there is a plain and adequate remedy at law. And
except where the special circumstances, the party of whom an illegal tax is collected has ordinarily ample
remedy, either by action against the officer making the collection or the body to whom the tax was paid.

Decision of the Court:

5. It is well settled both on principle and authority that interest is not to be awarded against a sovereign
government unless its consent has been manifested by an Act of its Legislature or by a lawful contract of
its executive officers. If there be doubt upon the subject, that doubt must be resolved in favor of the State.
6. The state never pays interest unless she expressly engages to do so.
7. Taxes only draw interest as do sums of money when expressly authorized. Interest cannot be recovered on
an abatement unless the statute provides for it.
8. The only contrary dictum is that where an illegal tax has been collected, the citizen who has paid and is
obliged to bring suit against the collector is entitled to interest from the time of the illegal exaction. The
distinction undoubtedly arises through the fiction that the suit is against the collector and not against the
State, although the judgment is not to be paid by the collector but directly from the treasury.
9. The state is not amenable to judgments for damages or costs without its consent.
10. Our own statute not only does not authorize interest but negatives the payment of interest.
11. The law is valid, or that the plaintiff has not proven such a case of irreparable injury as would warrant the
issuance of the extraordinary writ of execution.

On the Scope of Taxation

12. Taxation is an attribute of sovereignty. It is the strongest of all the powers of government. It involves the
power to destroy.
13. Dows case: It is upon taxation that the several states chiefly rely to obtain the means to carry on their
respective governments, and it is of the utmost important to all of them that the modes adopted to enforce
the taxes levied should be interfered with as little as possible
14. The Government may fix the conditions upon which it will consent to litigate the validity of its original
taxes.
15. The power of taxation being legislative, all the incidents are within the control of the Legislature.

Republic of the Philippines v. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines

Facts:

1. A complaint was filed by the Republic seeking the invalidation of the payment by PRBL for the registration
fees of its motor vehicles in the sum of 78k pesos in the form of such negotiable backpay certificates of
indebtedness
2. This complaint also sought the payment of such amount with surcharges plus the legal rate of interest
from the filing thereof and a declaration of the nullity of the use of such negotiable certificate of
indebtedness to satisfy its obligation
3. Answer of defendant: both the Treasurer of the Philippines and the General Auditing Office having
signified their conformity to such a mode of payment
4. Lower courts decision: it appears that the Treasurer had approved the acceptance of negotiable
certificates of indebtedness in payment of registration fees of motor vehicles with the view that such
certificates should be accorded with the same confidence by other governmental instrumentalities
5. Republic wants the bus firm to be an assignee of the negotiable certificates of indebtedness in question, it
could not use the same in payment of taxes. (However, the Court believes that it runs counter to the
recitals appearing on the certificates)

Issue: What is the nature of the fee made by the Philippine Rabbit through the use of negotiable backpay
certificates?

Held:

1. SC held that a tax is neither a penalty that must be satisfied or a liability arising from a contract. Much
less can it be confused or identified with a license or a fee as a manifestation of an exercise of the police
power.
2. This broad and all-encompassing governmental competence to restrict rights of liberty and property
carries with it the undeniable power to collect a regulatory fee. Unlike a tax, it has not for its object the
raising of revenue but looks rather to the enactment of specific measures that govern the relations not
only as between individuals but also between private parties and political society.
3. It can be concluded that the Motor Vehicle Act requires the payment not of a tax but of a registration fee
under the police power. Hence the inapplicability of the section relied upon by defendant under the Back
Pay Law. It is not held liable for a tax but for a registration fee.