Please write down the Section As answer in the space below:Answer

Section B: Subjective question (33%)

1. Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell.

Diagram 1
a) Name the organelle T. [1M]
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.(1m)
b) Give one function of X. [1M]
modifies proteins/pack proteins into secretory vesicles.
c) Describe briefly the function of Y in photosynthesis. [2M]
Captures light energy [1m] and converts it to chemical energy [1m]
d) Why is structure Y distributed at the edge of a plant cell? [1M]
To absorb maximum amount of sunlight (1m)
e) On diagram 1, label the structure that provides mechanical strength to a plant cell. [1M]
f) Name one biotechnological technique which uses to produce plentiful of plant cells. [1M]
Plant tissue culture(1m)
2. Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 show the effects of both enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on the
rate of amylase reaction on starch.
1. 5. 9. 13. 17.
2. 6. 10. 14. 18.
3. 7. 11. 15. 19.
4. 8. 12. 16. 20.
X
Y

Diagram 2.1

Diagram 2.2
a) Based on both diagram, state a way to determine the rate of amylase reaction. [1M]
Measured the amount of starch used-up per unit time / measured the amount of glucose formed per
unit time.(1m)

b) Based on both diagrams, explain what is happened to enzyme molecules at point X and Y. [2M]
The enzyme molecule are said to be saturated [1m].
All the active sites are filled and engaged in catalysis. [1m]
c) Calculate the time taken for the hydrolysis of starch at point X. [1M]

Time taken at X: 0.8%/t=0.12%/min, t= 6.7 min

d) Explain the rate of reactions which occur at regions P and Q. [2M]
P region: The rate of enzymatic reaction increases with the increase of enzyme concentration [1m]
X
P
R
Y
Q
S
Q region: The rate of enzymatic reaction increases with the increase of substrate concentration [1m]

e) Explain the rate of reactions which occur at regions R and S. [2M]
R region: The increase of enzyme concentration will not cause the increase of the rate of enzymatic
reaction because the substrate concentration becomes limiting factor [1m]
S region: The increase of substrate concentration will not cause the increase of the rate of enzymatic
reaction because the enzyme concentration becomes the limiting factor [1m]

3. Diagram 3 shows the chemical process of light reaction during photosynthesis

Diagram 3
a) What is meant by photosynthesis? [1M]
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesise organic compounds from carbon
dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.(1m)
b) Based on diagram 3, name S, T and U. [3M]
S: oxygen (1m)
T: hydrogen ions(1m)
U: hydrogen atoms(1m)

c) Explain how the increase of light intensity affecting the production of S. [2M]
Increase in light intensity will increase the production of S (oxygen). [1m]
At high intensity of light more water molecule split to form hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions. [1M]

d) Describe two physical structures of leaves to carry out photosynthesis efficiently. [2M]
The leaf has broad and flattened shape of lamina which increases the surface area for maximum
absorption of light. [1M]
The lamina is very thin so that light can penetrate easily. [1m]
OR Alternative answer: The lamina is very thin that allows diffusion of gases involved in
photosynthesis to take place efficiently. [1m].
e) Name a cell that is found in leaves which actively carry out photosynthesis. [1M]
Palisade mesophyll cell. (1m)
4. Diagram 4 shows the transport of respiratory gases in human body.
Light energy
e
e

Diagram 4
a) Name the structures labelled P and Q. [2M]
P: red blood cell/ erythrocyte (1m)
Q: alveolus (1m)
b) Explain how the process of gaseous exchange occurs between Q and blood capillaries. [3M]
The partial pressure of oxygen in Q (alveolus) is higher than the partial pressure of oxygen in blood
capillaries while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in Q is lower than the partial pressure of
carbon dioxide in the blood capillaries. [1m]
A concentration gradient is formed between Q and blood capillaries. [1m]
Oxygen from Q diffuses into blood capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses out from blood capillaries
into Q. [1m]

c) Name a complex chemical compound found in P. [1M]
Haemoglobin(1m)




d) Based on statement above, describe two similarities between X and Q. [2M]
The surfaces for both respiratory structures are constantly moist for the respiratory gases to dissolve
in them. [1m]
Both are found in numerous numbers. This provides a larger surface area for the diffusion of
gases.[1m]
Cell lining both of the respiratory structures are thin. This allows gaseous exchange to occur at a
faster rate. [1m]

e) Name the mechanism that enhancesthe gaseous exchange between X with water. [1M]
Countercurrent exchange mechanism.(1m)
Section C: Essay questions (10%)

1. The following organisms are found in a paddy field community.


X is the respiratory structure of fish which is specialised for gaseous exchange in
water.
Body cell
Blood capillary
Owl, Paddy plant, Rat, Grasshopper, Snake, Caterpillar, Frog
a).What is meant by food web? [2M]
Food web is the interconnected food chain. [1m]
it describes the actual feeding relationship within the community. [1m]

a) Based on above organism, construct a food web showing the interaction of all organisms. [2M].




Diagram 5
b) Diagram 5 shows the dynamic relationship between the population of a rat and owl in that paddy
field over the years. Explain the mechanism that occurs in this dynamic relationship. [6M]
Answer:
The population size of owl is smaller than the rat and lacks behind the rats population [1m].
When there are sufficient resources, an increase in the rat population is followed by an increase in
the owl population [1m].
Dramatic predation or other factors like spread of diseases, causes a drop in the population of the rat
[1m].
Rat
Owl
Hence the food for the owl becomes limited [1m]. Often, this plus other adverse circumstances like
spread of diseases lead to decline in the population of owl [1m].
The rat and owl regulate the population of each other constantly in a dynamic equilibrium [1m].
Section D: Paper 3 questions (17%)
1. A farmer has a papaya orchard. Since the product of his orchard is abundant, he decided to produce
papaya pickles. He sliced the papaya and immersed the slices in water and then soaked in the sugar
solution. When the papaya slices were immersed with water, the slices became turgid and increased in
their sizes. However, when the papaya slices were soaked in sugar solution, the slices became soft and
shrunken.
Based on the observation, plan an experiment to identify the concentration of sugar solution which
is isotonic to the cell sap of the papaya
Answer:
Problem statement:
What is the concentration of sugar solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of papaya cells?( m)
Aim of the experiment:
To identify the concentration of sugar solution that is isotonic to the cell sap of papaya cells.( m)
Hypothesis:
The concentration of sugar solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of papaya cells does not affect the mass
of papaya cells. ( m)
Variables:
Manipulated variable: Concentration of sugar solution.(1m)
Responding variable: mass of papaya slice.(1m)
Controlled variable: Surrounding temperature and time/ size of papaya slices.(1m)

Apparatus:
A razor blade, petri dishes, forceps, a ruler, 50ml beakers, an electronic balance and tissue paper
Materials
Freshly cut papaya slices, distilled water, sugar solution (0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M and 0.6 M). (
m)
Technique
Measure the mass of papaya slices with the electronic balance and determine the percentage differences in
mass. ( m)
Procedure:
1. Seven petri dishes are prepared and labelled 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7.
2. Each petri dish is filled with the following solutions respectively:
Petri dish 1: Distilled water
Petri dish 2: 0.1 M sugar solution
Petri dish 3: 0.2 M sugar solution
Petri dish 4: 0.3 M sugar solution
Petri dish 5: 0.4 M sugar solution
Petri dish 6: 0.5 M sugar solution
Petri dish 7: 0.6 M sugar solution
3. A papaya fruit is cut into seven cylindrical strips of 50 mm long and 1mm thick
4. Each strip is patted dry with a piece of tissue paper
5. The mass of each strip is weighed and recorded
6. Each strip is then placed in a petri dish which is completely covered with sugar solution
7. After soaking for an hour each strip is removed from its respective petri dish and patted dry
8. The mass of each strip is weighed again and recorded
9. The results are tabulated. A graph of the percentage of differences in mass against the concentration
of the sugar solution is plotted.

Presentation of data:



Conclusion:
The hypothesis is accepted. When the papaya cells are immersed in an isotonic solution, there is no net gain
in mass and size. Based on the graph, the concentration of the cell sap of papaya tissue is______M