Effects of Color-Induced Arousal On Memory

Running head: EFFECTS OF COLOR ON MEMORY
Effects of color-induced arousal on memory

Terence Titus Chia Song An
James Cook University

1
EFFECTS OF AROUSAL ON WORKING MEMORY
Effects of color-induced arousal on memory
After many years in research, technology has evolved from monochrome moving
pictures to colored movies in high definition. A new era of color technology was borned,
where color is present in many electronic devices such as mobile phones, televisions and
even on the internet (Kang, 1997). Through our daily routines and exposure to these devices,
color is an important component. Movies, television programs, advertisements and brandings
involve the combination of simple to complex colors; yet many are unaware of the impact
colors on memory performance. Have you wonder why there are certain products or
brandings which you remember better? Even though certain brands have the same colors
present, we are able to recall certain brands better. Studies have shown that color is able to
increase an individuals level of arousal; warm color elevates level of arousal more than cool
colors (Birren, 1950). Findings by Birren were supported by Greene, Bell and Boyer (1983);
both found that warm colors increase arousal levels as compared to cool colors. Examples of
warm colors are red and yellow.
Skin Conductance Response is one of the many methods to measure ones level of
arousal. It detects arousal when there is a rapid rise in skin conductance over one-three
seconds. Study by Lykken and Venables (1971) provided substantial findings that an
individuals level of arousal can be measured using different methods; one of them was the
skin conductance response (SCR). With this information, producers or organizations can
utilize this advantage to seek full attention from viewers and target audiences.
Advertisers could also utilize this advantage to get customers to remember their
product. The key is to associate visual stimulus to the product; in this case the visual stimulus
is color. Study by Myers (2006) indicated that color causes physiological arousal; leading to
an increase in activation of the sympathetic nervous system, in turn leading to better memory
performance. Myers (2006) subjected participants to a memory task after being exposed to
2
the color stimulus; results indicated subjects with more arousing colors scored better in the
memory task. Research by Ramey, Rolnick, Smith, Weng, Li and Lokuta (2012) also
indicated that arousal increases the activation of sympathetic nervous system, resulting in
better memory. Other studies have supported that with elevated level of arousal arise to better
memory performance. Research by Dillman-Carpentier and Potter (2007) supported that with
increased level of arousal leads to the increase in activation of the sympathetic nervous
system which in turn improves memory performance. Instead of using color, Dillman-
Carpentier and Potter induced arousal using music. Their findings supported that increase in
arousal level increases memory performance significantly. Study by Roozendaal (2002)
showed that arousing events increases memory significantly. Extensive research by Valdez
and Mehrabian (1994) found that different colors elicit different levels of arousal. Their
findings indicated that green-yellow, also known as chartreuse, stimulates the highest arousal
level as shown in Appendix A.
This paper aims to explore the relationship of color and memory recall, where
mediating variable arousal is hypothesized to be intermediate in the relation between X and
Y. The independent variable (IV) of color was operationalized as chartreuse, red and black.
The mediator variable of arousal was operationalized using the Skin Conductance Response
(SCR); it detects arousal by measuring skin conductance for 1-3 seconds. The dependent
variable (DV) of memory recall was operationalised as the total number of correct words
recalled. In addition, free-recall task was used to assess memory performance. This study also
hypothesize that chartreuse colored font stimulates the highest level of arousal. Secondly,
increase in arousal levels increases the activation of sympathetic nervous system which
would in turn lead to better memory performance. Lastly, Chartreuse colored font stimulates
the highest level of arousal, which in turn scores the highest in word recall.
Method
3
Design
This experiment follows a mediation experimental design.
Participants
Analysis from a priori for multiple linear regression using Gpower can be used to
determine the total sample size; given the estimated effect size, alpha level, desired power
and the number of predictors. Study by Cohen (1988) indicated the conventions for effect
size; small (r
2
= .02), moderate (r
2
= .15), large (r
2
= .30). For this study to be sensitive and to
have a high probability of correctly rejecting a false H
0
; we estimate observe power of .80,
alpha of .05, moderate effect r
2
of .15 and one independent variable. The analysis showed
that the required sample size is 47 as shown in Appendix B. Even though the sample size
generated by Gpower is 47; the total sample size will be changed to 48 to ensure each group
has an even number of participants. The participants would then be selected from James
Cook University using convenient sampling; aged 19 30 years. They are then randomly
assigned a color group; chartreuse, red or black.
Materials
The experiment would be held in James Cook University computer lab, block B.
Computers would be needed for the administration of the experiment. A list of 15 seven-letter
non-words would be created. The words would be typed into presentation slides in chartreuse
font color (Set A), red font color (Set B) and black font color (Set C) shown in Appendix B.
The slides would be programmed to flash the words for two minutes, answer sheets and pens
would be provided for participants to write down words recalled. Inform consent forms and
information sheets would be given to the participants; entailing the details of the purpose of
the experiment, confidentiality and participants rights as shown in Appendix C. In addition,
inform consent is for participants to acknowledge for participating in this experiment. In
order to measure arousal, skin conductance response (SCR) will be used on every participant
4
throughout the experiment. SPSS will be used for data analysis, for ethical reasons the data
will be stored in a laptop where only the experimenter can assess.
Procedure
Before the start of the experiment, participants in their respective color groups will be
briefed and given the inform consent. The inform consent will entail the purpose of study,
possible risk, confidentiality and participants rights. Possible risk is minimal as this
experiment only exposes subjects to colored words and a memory task. Subjects would be
ensured that their identity and results are confidential. Participants also have the right to
withdraw from the study at any point of time. In addition, they would need to declare any
major mental handicap in memory. Unfortunately individuals with any mental handicap in
memory would be removed from the study as it would affect its findings.
Participants would be divided into three groups randomly; chartreuse (Set A), red (Set
B) and black (Set C). Before the start of the experiment, the skin conductance response
(SCR) is attached to the participants appropriately for measurements throughout. For memory
recall, participants would be given two minutes to memorize the list of non-words flashed on
the computer. Following, they would be given another two minutes to recall and instructed
write down as many words as they can. The answer sheets would then be collected back for
data analysis. Words that were misspelled will be omitted from the results analysis.
As we have three different color groups, subjects in their respective color groups
would take turns to participant in the experiment within the computer lab. This is to ensure
the same environment for all participants.
Results
Following a simple mediation model, this paper focuses on a three variable system
which consist of independent variable (X), dependent variable (Y) and mediator (M). A
mediator is a variable that accounts for the relation between the predictor and criterion (Baron
5
6
& Kenny, 1986). The mediation model can be estimated by multiple regression and there are
four steps required for testing mediation. Step one has to show that the causal variable is
correlated with the outcome; in this case using Y as the criterion and X as the predictor. This
is to establish is there is an effect to be mediated. Step two shows that the causal variable is
correlated with the mediator; in this case using M as the criterion and X as the predictor.
Third step shows that by controlling the causal variable, effect of the mediator on the
outcome is established, by using Y as the criterion, X and M as predictors. Lastly to establish
that M completely mediates the relationship of X and Y, the effect of X on Y controlling for M
should be zero. In a scenario when all four steps are met, mediation has occurred. However
when only the first three steps are met, partial mediation has occurred.
There are many methods that can assess the mediation hypotheses, Sobels test will be
used for this experiment. Sobels test is conducted by comparing the strength of the indirect
effect of X on Y to the point the null hypothesis equals zero (Preacher, 2004). The test
requires the standard error of a or s
a
and the standard error of b or s
b
where is provides the
approximate estimate of the standard error of ab. The equation for the estimate is [ab =
(b
2
s
a
2
+ a
2
s
b
2
)]. Following that, the ab path is divided by the standard error of the indirect
effect. The ratio is then compared to the critical value like a z-test.
There are three assumptions for test of mediation; reverse causal effects, measurement
error, and omitted variables. Reverse causal effects refers to the mediator might be caused by
the outcome; this is called feedback model. Reverse causal effects can be ruled out
theoretically, however the mediator should be measured temporally before the outcome
variable. Measurement error occurs when the mediator is measured with less than perfect
reliability; in turn the effects are likely to be biased. In order to remove the measurement
error, multiple indicators of the variable can be used to tap a latent variable. Omitted
variables refer to a variable that causes both the mediator and the outcome (Judd & Kenny,
1981). Omitted variables can be dealt with using the classical strategy.
This experiment expects to produce significant results in memory recall. Participants
in the chartreuse condition should have the highest level of arousal and memory recall.
Subjects in red condition should have moderate level of arousal and moderate scores in
memory recall. Lastly, subjects in black condition should have the least level of arousal and
lowest score in memory recall. Previous study by Birren (1950) has indicated that certain
colors increases level of arousal. Another study by Nantais and Schellenberg (1999) indicated
that with optimal levels of arousal, it can have a significant effect on memory performance.
Limitations
There are issues of power using the Sobels test; as sample size decreases, the test
becomes less conservative. In addition, research have indicated that a large sample size is
necessary so that the rough critical value for a two-tailed test, assuming that sampling
distribution of ab is normal and alpha is .05, is 1.96 (Preacher, 2004). The main reason that
the test is conservative is that the sampling distribution of ab is highly skewed. If ab is
positively skewed, there would be many small and large estimates of ab which would be
positively skewed as well. Another limitation is that Sobels test assumes that sampling
distribution is normal. The test presumes a symmetric distribution; however is falsely
presumes symmetry which leads to a conservative test (MacKinnon, Warsi, & Dwyer, 1995).
Assumptions of normality are usually violated, especially in small sample sizes.

References
Birren, F. (1950). Color psychology and color therapy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Department of
Psychology, 9, 407-412.
Dillman Carpentier, F., & Potter, R. F. (2007). Effects of music on physiological arousal:
Explorations into tempo and genre. Media Psychology, 10(3), 339-363.
Greene, T. C., Bell, P. A., & Boyer, W. N. (1983). Coloring the environment: Hue, arousal
and boredom. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 21, 253-254.
Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment
evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5, 602-619.
Kang, H. R. (1997). Color technology for electronic imaging devices. Washington, DC: The
International Society for Optical Engineering.
Lykken, D. T., & Venables, P. H. (1971). Direct measurement of skin conductance: A
proposal for standardization. Psychophysiology, 8, 656-672.
MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect
measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 41-62.
Myers, D. G. (2006). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.
Preacher, K. J. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effect in simple
mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instrument, & Computers, 36(4),
717-731.
Roozendaal, B. (2002). Stress and memory: Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on memory
consolidation and memory retrieval. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 78, 578-
596.

8
Appendix A
Arousal levels based on color

9
Appendix B
List of 15 seven-letter non-words
Bapbosf
Oxalain
Wlevivy
Quitsch
Twadtil
Toridli
Bodelat
Horazye
Phipude
Pagrori
Cyrimop
Glendle
Flitete
Ecketip
Bugikov

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Appendix C
Information Sheet
INFORMATION SHEET

PROJECT TITLE: Effects of color-induced arousal on memory

You are invited to take part in a research project about effects of color-induced arousal on memory in our daily
lives. The study is being conducted by Terence Titus Chia Song An will contribute to the PY3101 Advance
Behavioral Research Design and Analysis, for Bachelor of Psychology at James Cook University.

If you agree to be involved in the study, you will be invited to complete a memory task in James Cook
University Singapore, at Block B computer lab. Your answers and arousal level will be recorded with your
consent, and should only take approximately 15 minutes of your time. You will be given a list of 15 seven-
letter non-words to memorize; two minutes to memorize and two minutes to recall.

Taking part in this study is completely voluntary and you can stop taking part in the study at any time without
explanation or prejudice.

It is unlikely for this study to induce any form of distress. In the event you feel any distress after the experiment,
please inform the researcher and you will be referred to the Psychology Clinic on campus for assistance.

If you know of others that might be interested in this study, kindly pass on this information sheet to them so
they may contact me to volunteer for the study.

Your responses and contact details will be strictly confidential. The data from the study will be used in research
publications and reports in the PY3101 research. Participants names and demographics will be stored and be
assessable to the principle investigator and his supervisor. You will not be identified in any way in these
publications.

If you have any questions about the study, please contact - the principal investigator, Mr Terence Titus Chia
Song An or his supervisor, Dr. Bridget McConnell.

Principal Investigator:
Terence Titus Chia Song An
School of Arts and Social Sciences
James Cook University (Singapore)
Mobile: +65 9298 1145
Email: songanterencetitus.chia@jcu.edu.au
Supervisor: Dr Bridget McConnell
School of Arts and Social Sciences
James Cook University (Singapore)
Phone:
Mobile:
Email: bridget.mcconnell@jcu.edu.au

If you have any concerns regarding the ethical conduct of the study, please contact:
Human Ethics, Research Office
James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811
Phone: (07) 4781 5011 (ethics@jcu.edu.au)

11
Appendix D
Informed Consent Form
INFORMED CONSENT FORM

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE: Effects of color-induced
arousal on memory

SCHOOL

I understand the aim of this research study is Effects of color-induced arousal on memory. I consent to
participate in this project, the details of which have been explained to me, and I have been provided with a
written information sheet to keep.

I understand that my participation will involve a memory recall task and I agree that the researcher may use
the results as described in the information sheet.

I acknowledge that:

- taking part in this study is voluntary and I am aware that I can stop taking part in it at any time without
explanation or prejudice and to withdraw any unprocessed data I have provided;

- that any information I give will be kept strictly confidential and that no names will be used to identify me
with this study without my approval;

- confidentiality cannot be assured in focus groups.
(Please tick to indicate
consent)

I consent to be wear the skin conductance response equipment Yes No
I consent for taking my arousal level Yes No
I consent to complete the memory recall task Yes No

Name: (printed)
Signature: Date:
12
Appendix E
Ethics Approval Form
Please submit in hard copy a signed original plus one copy to: Research Office, Room 128, Faculty Science &
Engineering Building (DB17) , James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811. Please also email a pdf of this application
(application form and all attachments in one pdf document) to ethics@jcu.edu.au.

HUMAN ETHICS NUMBER
(Office Use ONLY) H

1 TITLE OF PROJECT Effects of color-induced arousal on memory
2
CATEGORY OF
RESEARCH
You MUST evaluate the potential for harm, discomfort or inconvenience to the
participants of your project from the examples below.

Please indicate (X) the risk category
1
Negligible risk: Research in which there is no foreseeable risk of harm or discomfort and any
foreseeable risk is no more than inconvenience.
X 2
Low risk: Research in which the only foreseeable risk is one of discomfort. Discomforts include, for
example, minor side-effects of medication, the discomfort of measuring blood pressure or the anxiety
induced by an interview.
3
Research with the potential to cause mild psychological distress or physical stress. Minor deviation from
frank disclosure of the true nature of the research may be involved.
4
Research with the potential to cause genuine but not severe psychological distress or physical pain with
no long term effects. Deception may be involved regarding the true nature of the research.
5
Research with the potential to cause psychological distress or physical pain. Substantial deception may
be involved.
6
Research involving vulnerable participants; at risk populations; or research that may pose serious ethical
considerations.
3 PERIOD DURING WHICH ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ETHICS APPROVAL WILL OCCUR
COMMENCEMENT DATE 3 Jan 2014 FINISH DATE 3 Mar 2014

4 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS DETAILS
Last Name ESN
1
Orgu Discipline/School or Institution (Country)
Chia James Cook University (Singapore)
First Name and Title
Terence Titus
Email Phone Fax
Songanterencetitus.chia@my.jcu.edu.au +65 9298 1145
REASON FOR RESEARCH No Yes If Yes, which degree (i.e. PhD, MSc)

Does this research contribute towards a formal
qualification?
X
Qualifications
4a DETAILS of CO-INVESTIGATOR 1 (if applicable)
Last Name, First name and Title ESN
1

1
Indicate if the Researcher is currently an Employee or a Student of JCU, or a researcher who is Not affiliated with JCU. If
the PROJECT involves international cooperation, please specify the country.
13
Email Phone Fax


qualification?

Qualifications

4b DETAILS of CO-INVESTIGATOR 2 (if applicable)
1

Email Phone Fax


qualification?

Qualifications
If there are more than two co-investigators involved in this PROJECT, please copy the previous page and attach the details of
these co-investigators at the end of this application (Part 1).
5 SUPERVISOR DETAILS (if applicable)
1
Dr Bridget McConnell James Cook University (Singapore)
Email Phone Fax
Bridget.mcconnell@jcu.edu.au
Qualifications
5a DETAILS of SUPERVISOR 2 (if applicable)
1

Email Phone Fax

Qualifications
If there are more than two supervisors involved in this PROJECT, please copy this page and attach the details of these
supervisors at the end of this application (Part 1).

6 FUNDING SOURCE (MUST be completed) Please explain the source of funding for your project.

EXTERNAL FUNDING: Funding received from an external source, i.e. research funding bodies,
organisations.
Project Title Effects of color-induced arousal on memory
Funding Body James Cook University (Singapore)
Fund Scheme Value $
14

INTERNAL FUNDING: If not an externally funded project, please provide details of the internal
(JCU) funding that supports this study. This includes details of any student support funding.
Internal Funding James Cook University (Singapore) Value $200.00

7 Has this project been submitted to any
other ethics committee? If YES, please
attach a copy of the approval notice.
No Yes If Yes, which Ethics Committee?
X
8
Is this project a clinical trial?
No Yes If YES Do NOT proceed with this form please
contact the Human Ethics & Grants Administrator for
advice. X

9 PRIVACY INFORMATION
Does this project involve gaining access to
medical information from a
COMMONWEALTH AGENCY?
No Yes If YES, which Commonwealth Agency?
X

If YES, does the project require the
disclosure of personal information from the
Commonwealth Agency, i.e. identifiable
information?
No Yes If NO, what type of information will you be accessing?

If you answered YES to either question
above - Will you obtain informed consent
from the individuals to whom the
information is related?
No Yes If NO, please explain why not?

Does this project involve the collection, use
or disclosure of health information from a
PRIVATE SECTOR organisation?
No Yes If YES, which Private Sector Organisation?
X

Is the data from the private sector organisation going to be used for research which is
related to:
No Yes
research relevant to public health or safety
the compilation or analysis of statistics relevant to public health or safety
management, funding or monitoring of a health service

Will you obtain informed consent from the individuals to whom the health information is
related?
X
If, NO, please explain why not? Impracticable? De-identified data?

10 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Please supply below a brief description of your project in LAY language. Please explain the
purpose of the project and the broad context of the project, i.e. Why should this project be done?
Why is it needed? Please explain the potential benefits to the participants and to the general
community. (You must provide references for your project outline.)
NO MORE THAN HALF A PAGE IN LENGTH

15

Purpose of the project is to evaluate the relation of color and memory recall with arousal as the
mediator. Research have shown that color stimulates arousal, however not all colors. Other
studies have proven increase in arousal levels can improve memory performance significantly
through the increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system. If proven significant, there
are many applications which can be implemented. Advertising companies could change the color
of their advertisement or even the color of their product packaging so that consumers remember
their product better. This could also be used in education, where color could affect onee memory
recall significantly. Walls or certain parts of the classroom could be repainted in order to
stimulate arousal levels. This could improve students memory and thus improves their grades.

11 AIMS OF THE PROJECT: Please clearly state the aims of this project and the expected research
outcomes? NO MORE THAN HALF A PAGE

Aim of the project is to determine that arousal is indeed the mediator of the relation of color and
memory. This project also seeks to prove that among chartreuse, red and black; chartreuse is the
most arousing. And with stimulated arousal levels, improves memory recall by the increase in
activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

12 ROLE AND EXPERTISE OF INVESTIGATORS IN THIS PROJECT (All sections MUST be completed
for each investigator and supervisor on the project.)
1) Please include details of the role of the Principal Investigator, Co-Investigators, Supervisors,
students and other collaborators involved in the project. Please also explain the involvement of
any reference or community groups in the project.
2) Please provide details of the expertise of the Principal Investigator, Co-Investigators,
Supervisors, students and other collaborators in the research methods proposed in this project.

16
13 PARTICIPANT DETAILS
13.1
How many participants are expected to be
involved in the project?
M F Total 48
Under 18
Years
0

Of these participants are any students of
JCU?
M F Total 48
Under 18
Years
0
13.2
Are any of the participants involved in the
project expected to be members of an
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander
community?
M 0 F 0 Total 0
Under 18
Years
0

If YES, to Q.13.2 you should seek advice from the Human Research Ethics Guidelines you may need to
submit an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ethics Application.

13.3
Does this project involve patients
(whether in hospital or in the community)
of a health service district? IF YES you
may need to follow the External HREC
Approval procedures. See link above for
further information.
No Yes
If YES, please provide details of the health service district
ethics committee that granted the ethics approval
X
13.4
Does this project involve children?
No Yes
Have you obtained a suitability card from the Qld
Commission for Children & Young People? What is its
number and expiry date? Attach a copy.
X

14 PLEASE DESCRIBE THE TARGET GROUPS INVOLVED IN YOUR PROJECT e.g. farmers in a
particular region, Grade 12 female music students, JCU first year students in a certain subject,
etc. PLEASE ALSO DETAIL ANY EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PARTICIPANTS
(If more than 3 groups, please insert another row.)
Groups:
1
James Cook University Students

2

3

PLEASE LIST THE SITES WHERE THE PROJECT WILL BE CONDUCTED OR SITES WHERE
PARTICIPANTS WILL BE RECRUITED
James Cook University Singapore campus, Block B computer lab. Participants would be
recruited within JCU.
If your project involves any organisations, please list the names of the organisations below:
Name of Organisation Letter Approval/Support
ATTACHED
No Yes

If letters of support are still to be obtained, please confirm below: No Yes
17

I confirm that when I receive letters of support for my project these will be
immediately forwarded to the Research Office.

15 Please provide a DETAILED METHODOLOGY for the project: Please explain clearly and
concisely how the project will be carried out, including: justification of specific methods
used, completion time of each protocol, e.g. expected duration of interview, completion
time of a questionnaire, etc; how the data will be analysed; role of each investigator and
timeline if applicable. NO MORE THAN 1 PAGE
Participants would be divided into three groups according to color; chartreuse, red and
black. Each group will go through the same procedure and test, except with different
font color. Information sheets and informed consent forms will be given to the
participants. After they have signed and agreed, the experiment begins. Their arousal
levels will be monitored by the skin conductance response which each other them have
to wear. They are briefed and given two minutes to memorize the words flashed on the
computer. After two minutes, the computer screen will be blank. Participants are given
another two minutes to write down as many words recalled.

Please indicate the data collection techniques to be used in the project:
Surveys or questionnaires Individually identifiable data (collection of individuals
name, image DOB or address)

Re-identifiable data (identifiers removed and replaced by
a code possible to re-identify by linking of code/data
sets

Non-identifiable data (never labelled with individual
identifiers or data which identifiers have been permanently
removed no individual can be identified)

Interviews Audio taped
Video taped
Photographed
Included tick boxes for audio/videotape/photograph
and limits/use consent on informed consent form

Focus Groups Audio taped
Video Taped
Photographed
Included tick box for permission to audio/videotape
/photograph and limits/use on consent form.

Included statement that confidentiality cannot be
guaranteed in focus groups on consent form

Other
(Please specify)

If you are videotaping or photographing your participants, please explain why this is necessary
in relation to the research aims of the project.

18
16 RECRUITMENT PROCEDURES: HOW WILL YOU RECRUIT PARTICIPANTS TO THE PROJECT?
Please include STEP BY STEP details of recruitment procedures for each group of participants.
How will you select the participants? How will you INVITE them to participate in the project? How
will you access the contact details of potential participants public domain, database, other
source? Please advise if you will provide an information sheet for each participant recruited to the
study? PLEASE ATTACH THE INFORMATION SHEET/S TO THIS APPLICATION YOU MUST USE
THE JCU SAMPLE INFORMATION SHEET

Recruitment is done by handling out information sheets to all students James Cook University
Singapore. The project will be linked on SONAR for students to enrol for the experiment. Once
applied for a time slot for the study, participants are encouraged to invite their friends to this
project.

17 INFORMED CONSENT
Please explain the STEP BY STEP procedures of how you will obtain informed consent from
participants. How will the participants give their consent? If you are not obtaining informed
consent, please explain WHY?
IF APPLICABLE, PLEASE ATTACH THE INFORMED CONSENT FORM TO THIS APPLICATION
YOU MUST USE THE JCU HUMAN ETHICS PRO-FORMA CONSENT FORM
Inform consent will be given to the participants before the experiment. It will entail the purpose and
details of the study. Participants will give their consent by signing and acknowledging it. The form will
then be kept by the experimenter for future references.
Please indicate:
No Yes
Does your project have the potential for participants to become distressed?
X
If YES, are counselling services available to participants?
X
If YES, are the details of these counselling services included in the information sheet for
participants?
X

19
18 Will the data be collected OUTSIDE Australia?
(JCU Singapore applications do not need to complete this question unless research will be
conducted outside of Singapore. Singapore ethics applications should list the Singapore sites at
Question 13)

In what country will the data be collected?
Country:
Have you received government approval to conduct research in this country? No Yes

If NO, please explain why.

What ethics approvals are required to conduct research in this country? Please attach any
approval already granted for the study. Please provide details of any ethics applications in process
and/or reasons why an ethics application has not been submitted to a HREC in the country.

PLEASE ATTACH EVIDENCE OF GOVERNMENT APPROVAL OR EVIDENCE THAT APPROVAL IS
NOT REQUIRED TO THIS APPLICATION

19 DATA RETENTION AND STORAGE

Raw data (e.g. signed informed consent forms, completed surveys) must be stored in
accordance to the NHMRC/Universities Australia Australian code for the Responsible
Conduct of Research, 2007 and Queensland State Archives legislation (6.8.3.)
Yes
Please indicate () your adherence to these guidelines
Raw data for this study will be retained for at least 5 years. Any data that is stored on
computer/CD/DVD will be de-identified.

Signed Informed Consent Forms from this study will be retained for 15 years.
Records/copies of suitability cards for interviewing juveniles must be retained for 15 years
Raw data from clinical studies (including epidemiological studies) will be retained for 15
years.

Upon completion of the study/project raw data will be stored in the Principal Investigators
School at James Cook University, in a locked box or cupboard.

20 COMMENTS
Please include any additional information that may be of use or interest to the Committee, i.e.
alignment with JCU, government, or other strategies, funding body, collaborating organisations,
relation to other ethics applications, etc.

20
21 DECLARATION OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
I declare that all investigators of this research PROJECT are qualified and authorised to perform procedures described in
this document;
I certify that the assistants involved in this PROJECT have been fully briefed on procedures and relevant ethical
considerations;
I am aware of the responsibilities set out in the relevant legislation;
I undertake to inform the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of any changes to the proposed procedures or
details given in this form subsequent to its submission (including change of contact details);
I agree to assist the Committee to monitor the conduct of research by completing and promptly returning an annual report
and provide a final report upon completion of the PROJECT as appropriate;
This PROJECT complies with the National Health and Medical Research Council National Statement on Ethical Conduct
in Human Research, 2007.
The purpose of this PROJECT cannot be achieved by alternatives to the use of human participants.
Signature (Principal Investigator) Date

22. DECLARATION by SUPERVISOR(S)
(Supervisor(s) must sign this declaration)

I/We:
Declare that I/we am/are qualified and authorised to supervise procedures described in this document;
Certify that the investigators and assistants involved in this PROJECT have been fully briefed on procedures and relevant
ethical considerations;
Am aware of the responsibilities set out in the relevant legislation (see the Human Ethics Guidelines);
Suitable facilities including contingent facilities are available for this PROJECT;
Adequate instructions have been given for participant welfare and post-PROJECT care and monitoring;
The staff members involved are appropriately qualified and competent for the task described.

Signature (Supervisor) Date Signature (Supervisor 2) Date

23. AUTHORISATION by HEAD OF SCHOOL:
(Head of School must sign this authorisation)
I certify that:
Suitable facilities including contingent facilities are available for this PROJECT;
Adequate instructions have been given for participant welfare and post-PROJECT care and monitoring;
The staff members involved are appropriately qualified and competent for the task described.
Signature (Head of School) Date
21
24 HUMAN ETHICS ADVISORS RECOMMENDATIONS

Please indicate your recommendation:
Yes No
This application should be approved:
This application should be approved with the following comments, provisions and/or reservations:
This application should not be approved for the reasons listed below:

Human Ethics Advisor

Signature Date

22

Effects of Color-Induced Arousal On Memory

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Effects of Color-Induced Arousal On Memory

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Running head: EFFECTS OF COLOR ON MEMORY

Effects of color-induced arousal on memory

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