Bio-Ethanol Production Ability of Straw Mushroom Waste Bed

from Vietnamese Local Agriculture

Kouji Yoshida
1
, Ngo Duc Duy
2
, Hoang Quoc Khanh
2
, Kazuhiro Mochidzuki
1
, Yasuo Igarashi
3
, and
Akiyoshi Sakoda
1
1
Institut o! Industria" Scinc, th #ni$rsity o! %okyo, &'('1 Ko)a*a, Mguro'ku, %okyo 1+3'
,+-+, .a/an
2
Institut o! %ro/ica" 0io"ogy, 1itna) Acad)y o! Scinc and %chno"ogy, 23(21 Ha Noi High4ay,
5inh %rung 6ard, %hu Duc Dist7, Ho 8hi Minh 8ity, 1itna)
3
9raduat Schoo" o! Agricu"tura" and 5i! Scincs, %h #ni$rsity o! %okyo, 1'1'1, Yayoi, 0unkyo'
ku, %okyo, 113',(+:
Ky4ords; stra4 )ushroo), 4ast *d, *io)ass, *io'thano", "oca" agricu"tur
8ontact addrss< a)ati=iis7u'tokyo7ac7j/
Abstract:
%h stra4 )ushroo) >Volvariella volvacea? is gro4n on th ric stra4 4hich is on o! th
"argst so!t *io)ass in 1itna)7 6 4r ins/ctd and co""ctd )ushroo) *d sa)/" !ro) %an
Hoa 1i""ag, 5ai 1ung, Dong %ha/ @ro$inc, in Mkong D"ta7 Aic stra4 4as trans/ortd *y cana"s,
co)/ostd in 2 4ks, ridg !or)d and inocu"atd th )ushroo), thn k/t undr high )oistur
condition in 2 4ks7 6 co""ctd 3 o! di!!rnt )ushroo) *d sa)/"s, non')ushroo)'cu"ti$atd
stra4 !or contro"s, thn )asurd !i*r contnts and in$stigatd !r)ntation a*i"itis7 %h !i*r
ana"ysis r$a"d that ach )ushroo) *d sti"" containd nough high a)ount o! c""u"os7
Br)ntation a*i"ity 4as $a"uatd *y Si)u"tanous Sacchari!ication and Br)ntation>SSB? using
c""u"as and yast7 Cn 4k SSB cou"d /roduc a !4 a)ount o! thano" !ro) th )ushroo) *d7
ntroduction
%h rsarch da"s 4ith $a"uations !or *io)ass usag o! *y/roduct !ro) 1itna)s "oca"
agricu"tur syst), undr a rsarch /rojct DSustaina*" Intgrations o! 5oca" Agricu"tur and
0io)ass IndustrisE >SA%AF@S, .I8A'.S%?7 %h /rojct ai)s to construct sustaina*" agricu"tur
socity using "oca" *io)ass uti"ization7 %o ra"iz this /ur/os, uti"ization a*i"itis o! *io)asss 4r
$a"uatd7 0caus o! th high"y ric /roduction in 1itna), 4 ar !ocusing ric stra4 as th /art o!
th "oca" *io)ass7
Stra4 )ushroo) >Volvariella volvacea? 4ast *d 4as intrstd in as on o! stra4 *asd
*io)ass in 1itna); thr!or thano" /roduction a*i"ity !ro) th 4ast *d 4as $a"uatd7 Stra4
)ushroo) is 4id"y cu"ti$atd !ro) southrn china to South Fast Asia, inc"uding 1itna)7 Nor)a""y
di*" )ushroo) rGuirs 4oody )atria" to cu"ti$at, ho4$r stra4 )ushroo) can * gro4n on th
grass )atria", inc"uding ric stra47 @r$ious r/ort /ointd out that stra4 )ushroo) /roduction
cou"d accu)u"at c""u"os contnt and dcras "ignin contnts, thr!or )ushroo) cu"ti$ation
cou"d * *io"ogica" /rtrat)nt !or ric stra4 >1?7 Ho4$r, stra4 )ushroo) is a"so kno4n to *
c""u"as3h)ic""u"as /roducr, thr!or, th )ushroo) can dgrad c""u"os >2?7 Birst 4 trid to
gras/ thano" /roducti$ity o! th )ushroo) *d7
Straw mushroom culti!ation in "an #oa Village
%h stra4 )ushroo) !ar)ing in %an Hoa 1i""ag, 5ai 1ung, Dong %ha/ @ro$inc, in Mkong
D"ta, 4as ins/ctd in 23
th
to 2&
th
,.u"y and 2
th
Augst, 2-117
%h stra4 d"i$rd !ro) )arkt *y cana"s using *oat >!ig71?, and /i"d u/ )ountain >!ig73?7
%h stra4 )ountain 4as 4"" draind 4ith cana" 4atr and k/t 2 4ks !or !r)ntati$
/rtrat)nt >!ig73?7 During d"i$ring and !r)ntati$ /rtrat)nt tr)s, th stra4 4as hatd u/
*y !r)ntation and th sta) 4as o*sr$d >!ig72?7 A!tr !r)ntation /rtrat)nt, th stra4 4as
)ad to "an undr !ruit tr >7g7, "ongan, !ig7&? or co$rd 4ith drid stra4 >!ig7(? to k/ th
)oistur, and thn th sd )ushroo) 4as inocu"atd7 A!tr 2 4ks cu"ti$ation, )ushroo) 4as
har$std and th *d 4as co""ctd to us as th !rti"izr o! th !"o4r /roduction7
Figure 3, Delivered rice straw was piled up
to mountain and drained by canal water for
2 weeks fermentative pretreatment.
Figure 4, Pretreated straw was made to
lane and then straw mushroom seed
culture was inoculated. Trees were longan.
Figure 5, Sampling point of around
longan tree mushroom bed. Mushroom
grew well around sampling point.
Figure 6, Sampling point of river side
mushroom bed. Cover straw also sampled
as control.
Materials and methods
Sa)/"s
Mushroo) *d sa)/"s !ro) ri$r sid *d >!ig7(?, around "ongan tr *d >!ig7&,+? and
attachd on th har$std )ushroo) 4r co""ctd to ana"ysis7 %h stra4 usd to co$r th
)ushroo) *d >!ig7(? and a!tr /rtratd >i77, *!or )ushroo) inocu"u)? stra4 a"so co""ctd as
contro"7 %h *d sa)/"s 4r co""ctd !ro) /oints that )any )ushroo)s can * sn7
Bi*r ana"ysis
%h !i*r contnts 4r )asurd *y su"!uric acid hydro"ysis )thod >3?7 Sa)/"s 4as drid
u/ at ,- in 2 or 3 days, and )i""d to undr 1))7 -73g o! ach sa)/" 4as /ut into th )diu) jar
>1-- )"?, 3)" o! :2H>$3$? su"!uric acid so"ution 4as addd to th jar and thn th jar k/t in th 4atr
*ath >3-? !or 1 hour 4ith stirring >thick acid trat)nt?7 A!tr thick acid trat)nt, th acid 4as
di"utd to &H >$3$? thn k/t in autoc"a$ >121? !or 1 hour >thin acid trat)nt?7 A!tr thin acid
trat)nt, so"id !raction 4as !i"tratd *y 9ooch cruci*" >/r'*urnd and 4ighd, /or siz<1+I)? to
s/arat to so"id and su/rnatant !raction7 Su/rnatant !raction 4as usd to )asur th
g"ucos3Jy"os contnts and acid so"u*" "ignin7 Acid so"u*" "ignin contnt 4as )asurd as
a*sor/tion at 2&- n) *y #131IS >HA8H?7 Su/rnatant 4as nutra"izd and !i"tratd >/or siz<
-722I)? to /r!or) H@587 Ky"os and g"ucos contnts o! acid hydro"yzd su/rnatant 4r
ca"cu"atd as h)ic""u"os and starch3c""u"os contnts7
%h so"id !raction 4as drid u/ in th o$n >1-+, o$rnight?, 4ighd, *urnd in th
!urnanc >(--, o$r & hours? thn 4ighd again to )asur acid inso"u*" "ignin and ash contnts7
SSB
Si)u"tanous sacchari!ication and !r)ntation >SSB? 4as a"so /r!or)d to $a"uat th
thano" /roducti$ity !ro) co$r stra4, ri$r sid *d sa)/" and around "ongan tr *d sa)/"7 SSB
Figure 1, Rice straw delivered to each
mushroom field by canal and boat.
Figure 2, Fermentation already started
on the boat and the steam could be seen.
4as /r!or)d 4ith 3H>dry 43$? o! ach sa)/" >)i""d in 4t condition?, +H>434 dry *io)ass? o!
c""u"as >Acr)oniu) c""u"as, Miji? and 1H>43$? o! /o4drd corn st/ "iGuor >So"u"ys -2+F,
Aockt?7 %h 4orking $o"u) o! ach SSB 4as 1--)", sa"d 4ith air "ock /"ug, th SSB 4as
incu*atd at 3+ 4ith stirring at 1+-r/)7 %h concntration o! r"asd g"ucos and !r)ntd
thano" 4r )asurd *y H@58 >Shi)adzu? 4ith Sugar 8o"u)n >ShodJ Sugar 8o"u)n? and
dtctd *y r!racti$ indJ dtctor >Shi)adzu?7
No any othr /rtrat)nt 4as /r!or)d on th sa)/"s7
$esults and %iscussions
%h !i*r contnts o! ach sa)/" 4r sho4n in !igur (7 8ontro" >i77, co$r stra4? contains
&-H o! c""u"os3starch and 33H to 3&H o! c""u"os3starch sti"" r)ains in th )ushroo) *d7 5ignin
contains cou"d not * rducd during )ushroo) !ar)ing, n$rth"ss th /r$ious r/ort /ointd out
th /ossi*i"ity o! "ignin dgradation a*i"ity o! th stra4 )ushroo) >1?7 Stra4 )ushroo) has $ry
short gro4th tr), nor)a""y on"y 2 4ks, co)/aring 4ith othr di*" )ushroo)s, nor)a""y o$r
1 )onth7 It 4as considra*" that th nons"cti$ dgradation a*i"ity cou"d su//ort that Guick gro4th
Figure 6
Fiber contents of cover straw, pretreated bed and each straw mushroom bed sample.
Straw mushroom did not show selective lignin degradation.
o! th )ushroo)7
Si)u"tanous sacchari!ication and !r)ntation 4as /r!or)d to $a"uat thano" /roduction
a*i"ity o! )ushroo) *d sa)/" >!ig7 :?7 Mushroo) *d sa)/"s !ro) around "ongan tr, ri$r sid
and co$r stra4 sa)/" 4r a//"id to SSB7 A"asd g"ucos and /roducd thano" concntration
4as con$rtd to yi"d >H? $rsus thortica" g"ucos3thano" /roducti$ity that ca"cu"atd !ro)
c""u"os3starch contnts o! ach sa)/" >!ig7(?7 A"though, no othr /rtrat)nt >7g7, a"ka"in or
acid trat)nt?, thano" /roducti$ity o! co$r stra4 4as sti"" high; ho4$r, thano" yi"d o! ach
sa)/" 4as "o4r than contro" stra4 >i77, co$r stra4?7 %his 4ou"d * considrd that asy'to'accss
c""u"os 4as a"rady usd *y )ushroo)7 A"asd g"ucos concntration !ro) ach sa)/" 4as
a")ost sa) during SSB /riod, ho4$r, thano" /roducti$ity 4as di!!rnt7 %h g"ucos
concntration 4as r"atd to yast a*i"ity and yast a*i"ity 4as k/t nough high during th /riod,
thr!or, th concntration 4as k/t $ry "o47
A"though th *d sti"" r)aind *io'thano" /roducti$ity, !urthr )or in$stigations shou"d *
rGuird to us stra4 )ushroo) *d !or *io'thano" rsourc7
Ackn
o4"dg)nt
%his 4ork 4as su//ortd *y .S%3.I8A'SA%AF@S, DSustaina*" Intgration o! 5oca"
Agricu"tur and 0io)ass Industris7 Mr7 Nguyn 8ong Man kind"y introducd us to %an Hoa 1i""ag,
5ai 1ung, Dong %ha/ @ro$inc7
1? .ustin 07 S"uitr, Aay)ond C7 Auiz, 8hristo/hr .7 Scar"ata, A)i D7 S"uitr, and Da$id 67
%)/"ton, 8o)/ositiona" Ana"ysis o! 5ignoc""u"osic Bdstocks7 A$i4 and Dscri/tion o!
Mthods, J Agric Food Chem7 2+; +,>1(?< /72-&3L2-+3 >2-1-?
2? Y7 .7 8ai, .7 A7 0us4"" and S7 %7 8hang, @roduction o! c""u"ass and h)ic""u"ass *y th stra4
)ushroo), 1o"$ari""a $o"$aca, Mycal. Res. 2, >2?, 1-12'1-2& >122&?
3? A7 @hi"i//oussis, 97 Mr$akis and @7 Dia)anto/ou"ou, 0iocon$rsion o! agricu"tura" "ignoc""u"osic
4ast through th cu"ti$ation o! th di*" )ushroo)s Agrocybe aegerita, Volvariella volvacea and
Pleurotus s//7 World J. Microbiol.Biochem. 1:< /7121'2-- >2--1?
Figure 7
SSF results of cover straw river side bed sample (triangle) and longan bed sample
(circle).Open symbols showed glucose yield and filled symbols showed ethanol yield from
each sample.