Compilation of Assignments in High School (Philippines)

ToGettheCOMPETECOMPILATION,pleaseemailme:r_borres@yahoo.
com
COMPILATIONOF
ASSIGNMENTS
HIGHSCHOOLLEVEL
GeneralSubjects
(92Assignments)

ToGettheCOMPETECOMPILATION,pleaseemailme:r_borres@yahoo.com
ListofAssignments
1. 2ndLt.Onoda
2. AngKalupiMaiklingKwentongMakabanghay
3. AngKalupi
4. AngTimogAsya
5. AngTula
6. AngelmanSyndrome
7. AntsandPlants
8. AnyongLupa
9. AnyongTubig
10. APQuestionnaire
11. ApplicationSoftwareResearch
12. Arctic
13. BasicFoodHandlingSafety
14. BestFilipinoinventionsfor2012
15. BoneandMuscleDiseases
16. Brainstem
17. BuildingBetterBatteriesChemistry
18. CaloricGuideforFilipino
19. Carmaintenancechecklist
20. Cerbrum
21. ChromosomalAberration
22. CirculatorySystem
23. ConvexMirrorusedinCar
24. Convex
25. CorneliaDeLangeSyndrome
26. CultureofFilipinos
27. DataCollectionMethodsinStatistics
28. DiseasesMarasmus,etc.
29. EdithTiempoBiography
30. EthnicandIndigenousGroupsofthePhilippines
31. FamousFilipinoInventors
32. FilipinoArtists
33. FilipinoCustomsandTraditions
34. FilipinoEpics
35. FISH
36. Fish(Final)
37. Force
38. GeneMutation
39. Heograpiya
40. HistoryofEarlyFilipinoPeople
41. Hominadae
42. HouseHoldMaterials
43. Howcanplasticbemadeoutofmilk
44. HowtoWriteaThesisStatement
45. Idioms
46. IndianLiterature
47. InformationSystem
48. Information Technology and ClientServe and WebServer
Definitions
49. InventionsClassical
50. InventionsNew2
51. InventionsNew
52. KabukiandKabukiClothing
53. Kahapon,NgayonatBukas
54. KasaysayanngDaigdig
55. KasaysayangngNaicCavite
56. Katipunan
57. KawasakiSyndrome
58. KinagisnangBalonniAndresCristobalCruz
59. KindsofOrchids2
60. KwakiutlTribe
61. list.txt
62. Lithosphere
63. MgaEpiko(5epiko)
64. MgaPangkatEtnikongPilipino
65. MusclesClassifications
66. MusicTaraTena
67. NewScienceDiscoveries
68. Onedaymenu
69. PaalamsaPagkabata
70. PatakarangPangkabuhayanngmgaEspanyol
71. PatryandBreads
72. PestControl
73. Physiocrats
74. PickingaMediumofInstructioninClass
75. Planets
76. PrimaryEnergySourceinthePhilippines
77. Probability
78. Recipe(Desserts)
79. RECIPES
80. References
81. Rogelio+Sicatedited
82. ScandinavianDesign
83. ScienceInvestigatoryProject
84. ScienceJournal
85. SeaMonsterMasks
86. SectorngSambayanan
87. SpacecraftInstruments
88. Spacecraft
89. TotemPoles
90. TypesofEssayComprehensive
91. TypicalFilipinoDishes
92. UserofConvexMirrorinVehicle
93. WhatisPneumonia
1
st
PagesofAssignments
InthisCompilation
2NDLT.HIROOONODA
LubangIsland,Philippines
SurrenderedMarch5,1974
ThemostfamousofallHoldouts,hisstorywaswidlyreportedintheworldmedia,andhewrote
abooktranslatedtoEnglishabouthiswartimeexperiencesand29yearsasaJapaneseholdout.
Background
BorninthetownofKainan,Japanin1922andwhenheturnedseventeen,hewenttoworkfor
atradingcompanyinChina.InMayof1942,OnodawasdraftedintotheJapaneseArmy.Unlike
mostsoldiers,heattendedaschoolthattrainedmenforguerillawarfare.
AssignmenttoLubangIsland,Philippines
On December 26, 1944 (age 23), Hiroo Onoda was sent to the small island of Lubang Island,
approximately seventyfive miles southwest of Manila in the Philippines. Shortly after
Americans landed, all but four of the Japanese soldiers had either died or surrendered. Hiroo
Ondawasalsowiththreeotherholdouts,whoalldiedoverthedecades:PrivateYuichiAkatsu,
CorporalShoichiShimada(died1954),PrivateKinshichiKozuka(died1972).
CircumstancesofHisSurrender
Despite the efforts of the Philippine Army, letters and newspapers left for them, radio
broadcasts, and even a plea from Onoda's brother, he did not belive the war was over. On
February 20, 1974, Onoda encountered a young Japanese university dropout named Norio
SuzukiwhowastravelingthewoldandtoldhisfriendsthathewasgoingtolookforLieutenant
Onoda, a panda, and the abominable snowman, in that order. The two became friends, but
Onoda said that he was waiting for orders from one of his commanders. On March 9, 1974,
OnodawenttoanagreeduponplaceandfoundanotethathadbeenleftbySuzuki.Suzukihad
broughtalongOnodasonetimesuperiorcommander,MajorTaniguchi,whodeliveredtheoral
orders for Onoda to surrender. Intelligence Officer 2nd Lt. Hiroo Onada emerged from the
ANG KALUPI
NiBenjaminP.Pascual
(MaiklingKwentongKatutubongKulay)
I.PagkilalasaMayAkda
SiBenjamin Pascualay ipinanganak saLungsod ng Laoag,Ilocos Norte. Isa siyang
kuwentista at nobelista. Marami na siyang naisulat na maikling kuwento sa wikang Ilokano at
nakasulatnarinngdalawangnobelasawikangito.NaisalinniyasawikangIlokanoangRubaiy
atni Omar Khayam. Magkasama sila niJose Bragadona nagedit ngPamulinawen, isang
antolohiyangmgatulang36namakatangIlokano.SiyaangTagapayongLegalngGUMIL,Metro
Manila. Mula sa kanyang panulata ng maikling kuwentongAng Mga Lawinnaisinalin
niReynaldoDuquesaTagalog.
II.UringPanitikan
Ang maikling kwento ay isang anyong panitikan na nagsasalaysay nang tuloytuloy ng
isangpangyayaringhangosatunaynabuhay.Ito'ymayisaoilangtauhanlamang,sumasaklaw
ng maikling panahon, may isang kasukdulan at nagiiwan ng kakintalan o impresyon sa isip ng
mambabasa. Ang kasukdulan ang bahaging kwento nanag bibigay ng pinaka masidhi o pinaka
mataas na kapananabikan o interes sa mambabasa. Ang kakintalan o impresyon na manang
kaisipa ng naiiwan sa isipan ng mga mambabasa. Ito ay matatapos sa isang upuan lamang,
maari itong magpakita ng iba't ibangdamdaminat bumabase sa buhay ng isang tao, mayroon
naming kathang isip lamang. Ang maikling kwento ay isang akdang pampanitikan na ang mga
pangyayariayumiinogsabuhaynamgapangunahingtauhan.
III.LayuninngMayAkda
AngKalupi
niBenjaminPascula
(MaymabigatnapagkakasalasabatassiAlingMartadahilsamaliniyangpaghatolsakatauhanng
bata.Madalasmangyarinadahilsaayosngisangtaoaydaglisiyangnapagbibintanganngdimabuti.
Maykaranasankabananakapagbintangodilikayaynapagbintanganngdimabuti?Basahinang
kwentoatikawnaanghumatolsamgatauhannito.)
MataasnaangarawnanglumabassiAlingMartasabakuranngkanilangmaliitnabarungbarong.
Aliwalasangkanyangmukha:sakanyanglubognamgamatanabahagyangpinapagdilimngkanyang
malalagongkilayaynakikintalangkagandahanngkaayaayangumaga.Atsakanyangmanipisat
maputlanglabi,bahagyangpasoksapagkakalat,aynaglalaroangisangngitingkasiyahan.Arawng
pagtataposngkanyanganaknadalaga;sagabingiyonaytatanggapinnitoangdiplomabilang
katunayangnataposniyaangapatnataonginilagisamataasnapaaralan.Angsandaling
pinakahihintayniyasamahabahabarinnamangpanahonngpagpapaaralaydumatingna.Ang
pagkakaroonngisanganaknanagtaposnghighschoolayhindinaisangmaliitnabagaysaisang
mahirapnagayaniya,naiisipniya.Samapangarapinniyangdiwaayparaniyangnakikitaang
kanyanganaknadalagasaisangkasuotangputtingputi,kipkipangilanglibroatnakangiti,patungo
salalopangmataasnahangarinsabuhay,angmakatapossakolehiyo,magpaunladngkabuhayanat
sumagana.Maaaringbalangarawaymagkaroondinsiyangmamanugangingmaysinabirinnaman.
Nasadaannasiyaayparapaniyangnaririnigangmatinisnahalakhakngkanyanganaknadalaga
habangpaikutikotnitongsinusukatsaharapngsalaminangnagbuburdahangputingdamitna
isusuotsakinagabihan.Napangitisiyangmuli.
MamimilisiAlingMarta.Bitbitngisangkamayngisangpangnangsisidlanngkanyangpamimiling
uulamin.Habangdaan,samantalangpatungosapamilihangbayansaTundo,aymatamanniyang
iniisipangmgabagaynakanyangpamimilhin.Hindipangkaraniwangarawitoatkailangang
magkaroonsilangmaganaknghindipangkaraniwangpananghalian.Bibilisiyangisangmatabang
manok,isangkilongbaboy,gulaynapanahogatdalawangpilingnasaging.Bibilinarinsiyang
garbansos.Gustonggustongkanyangmagtataposnaanakangminatamisnagarbansos.
Magikakasiyamnanangdumatingsiyasapamilihan.Salabaspalamangaynaririnignaniyaangdi
magkamayawnaingaynanagbubuhatsaloob,angingayngmgamagbabangusnapagkanta
pangisinisigawanghalagangkanilangpaninda,angsalitsalitangtawaranngmgamamimili.
Linggongumagaatangpalengkeaysiksikan.Saharapanniyapainilingmagdaan.Anglugarng
magmamanokaynasadulongpamilihanatsapanggitnanglagusansiyadaraanupangmagdaan
tuloysatindahanngmgatuyongpanindaatbumilingmantika.Nangdumatingsiyasagitnang
pasilyoatumakmanghahakbangnapapasok,aysiyangpaglabasnahumahangosngisangbatang
lalaki,atangkanilangpagbabanggaaymuntiknaniyangikabuwal.Angsikongbataaytumamasa
kanyangdibdib.Anokaba?angbulyawniAlingMarta.Kaysikipnangdaraananaypatakbokapa
kunglumabas!
Angbataaynakapantalonngmarumingmaongnasakahabaanaypinagilanglilisanglaylayan.
Nakasuotitonglibagingkamiseta,punitmulasabalikathanggangpusod,naikinalitawngkanyang
butuhanatmarumingdibdib.NatiyakniAlingMartanaangbataayanakmahirap.
Pasensyanakayo,Aleangsabingbata.Hawaknitoangisangmaliitnabangos.Tigbebente,sa
loobloobniAlingMarta.Angbataaytakotnanakatinginsakanya,Hindikohokayosinasadya.
Nagmamadalihoakoe.
ANGTIMOGASYA
AngTimogAsyaayisangrehiyonnamatagpuansakatimugangbahagingAsya.AngTimogAsya
aymaypitongbansanamatatagpuansaAsya.
Ang pangunahing relihiyon ang Hinduismo. Tinatawag ding "Land of Mysticism" dahil sa mga
paniniwalangtaglayngmgarelihiyonatmgapilosopiyangumusbongdito.Umusbongdinditoangmga
relihiyongBuddhism,JainismatSikhism.
ANGTULA
Angtulaayisanguringsiningatpanitikanngpilipinonakilalasamalayangpaggamitngwikasa
ibatibanganyoatestilo.Pinagyayamananganyoatestilongtulasapamamagitanngpaggamit
ngtayutay.
MgaElementongTulangPilipino
1. Saknong isang grupo ng mga salita sa loob ng isang tula na may dalawa o higit pang
taludtod.
a. Dalawanglinyacouplet
b. Tatlonglinyatercet
c. Apatnalinyaquatrain
d. Limanglinyaquintet
e. Animnalinyasextet
f. Pitonglinyaseptet
g. Walonglinyaoctave
2. Sukatbilangngpantigngtula
3. Tugmapinagisangtunogsahulihanngmgataludtod
a. Assonanceparaanngpagtutugmangtunognakungsaanangsalitaaynagtatapos
sapatinig.
b. conssonance paraan ng pagtutugma ng tunog na kung saan ang salita ay
nagtatapossakatinig.
4. SiningoKariktanpaggamitngpili,angkopatmaririkitnasalita.
5. Talinhagaitoaytumutukoysapaggamitngmatatalinhagangalitaattayutay.
6. Anyopormangtula.
AnoangTula:
Ayon kina Ongoco at Pineda, ang tula ay madaling maipaliwanag bunga ng kawalan ng
kaalaman sa pagsulat at pagbasa at kailangan munang matutunan ng mga tao upang maging
malinaw at maipabatid sa iba ang isang akdang tuluyan. Ang mga akdang patula naman ay
madalingmaisaulonamaaringmaipaulitsaibahanggangsamgasusunodpangsalinlahi.
ANGELMANSYNDROME
Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the

nervous system. Characteristic features of this condition include delayed
development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems
with movement and balance (ataxia). Most affected children also haverecurrent
seizures (epilepsy) and a small head size (microcephaly). Delayed development
becomes noticeable by the age of 6 to 12 months, and other common signs and
symptomsusuallyappearinearlychildhood.
Children with Angelman syndrome typically have a happy, excitable demeanor

with frequent smiling, laughter, and handflapping movements. Hyperactivity, a
short attention span, and a fascination with water are common. Most affected
childrenalsohavedifficultysleepingandneedlesssleepthanusual.
With age, people with Angelman syndrome become less excitable, and the
sleeping problems tend to improve. However, affected individuals continue to
have intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and seizures throughout
their lives. Adults with Angelman syndrome have distinctive facial features that
maybedescribedas"coarse."Othercommonfeaturesincludeunusuallyfairskin
with lightcolored hair and an abnormal sidetoside curvature of the spine
(scoliosis).Thelifeexpectancyofpeoplewiththisconditionappearstobenearly
normal.
HowcommonisAngelmansyndrome?
Angelmansyndromeaffectsanestimated1in12,000to20,000people.
WhatarethegeneticchangesrelatedtoAngelmansyndrome?
ManyofthecharacteristicfeaturesofAngelmansyndromeresultfromthelossof
function of a gene calledUBE3A. People normally inherit one copy of
ANTS AND PLANTS
Do ants benefit plants? Like so many things in nature, the interrelationships among
organisms are far more complicated than it first appears. Plants rely on ants for
many things but not pollination, the sexual act of transferring pollen from one flower
to the other. Only 12 plants (5 of which are orchids) have ants as the proposed
pollinators. Even in these dozen we might be dealing with guilt by association. In
most of these 12, one or more of the following critical pieces of information is
missing: the observation of pollen actually being transplanted from one flower to
another and/or the demonstration that ant pollinators produce live, i.e. fertile seeds.
This second piece of information is particularly important because ants excrete
antibiotics that coat their outer surface. Such excretions have been repeatedly
shown to reduce pollen germination. Thus, even if the pollen gets to the female
portion of the flower, it may not germinate.
Ants do appear, however, to be important distributors of seeds, particularly in our
area. Seeds of many of the herbs that brighten our forest floors with a carpet of
spring flowers have food bodies (elaiosomes) attached to their seeds. In New York
beech/maple forests, over 50 percent of the spring blooming herbs have seeds with
elaiosomes. Biologists speculate that these food packets have essential compounds
(steroid-like substances) needed for normal development of the ant young. The
seeds produced by these herbs are toted back to the ant hill. The food packet is
devoured, but not the seed. This is the reward offered to the plant. The soil
surrounding the surviving seeds is enriched by ant droppings and aerated and
drained by the tunnels. Asarum canadensis (Wild Ginger) Claytonia virginiana
(Spring Beauty), Erythronium americanum (Trout lily), Hepatica acutiloba (Hepatica),
Hexastylis sp. (Ginger, Little Brown J ugs or Little Brown Pigs) Sangunaria
canadensis (Bloodroot), Trillium grandiflorum (Trillium), Viola blanda and Viola
canadensis (Violets), and Uvularia sp. (Bellwort), common members of our moist
forest spring flora are some of the plants species that appear to be distributed by
ants.
Ants also provide important defense mechanisms against herbivores and other plant
predators. This role was brought home to me quite forcibly while visiting Costa Rica.
I was walking along a dirt road sandwiched between two cultivated fields when a
wonderfully shaded spot was offered by a weedy Cecropia tree. Its large umbrella-
shaped leaves beckoned me to stay awhile, rest, mop my brow, and have a sip from
my canteen. Propping on the truck, I suddenly became aware of a war being waged
on my hand by a fiery attack force of tiny ants. The pain was sudden and intense.
There was no competition; I lost. I found out later that these fierce creatures were
members of the aptly named genus Azteca. The stems of this shrubby Cecropia are
hollow. Colonies of ants live within these apartments. The plant not only provides
shelter but food as well. Specially produced food packets are found on the leaves
solely for the use of ants. The ants in return defend the plant from all dangers, real or
perceived (for example, me).
Bert Holldabler and E.O. Wilson in their very readable treatise on ants, list nearly 100
genera of plants in the tropics that have such an ant defense mechanism
(mymecolphily). Although mymecolphily appears to be more common in the tropics,
ANYONG LUPA

1. Kapatagan (Plain) isang lugar kung saan walang pagtaas o pagbaba ng
lupa, patag at pantay ang lupa rito. Maaaring itong taniman ng mga
palay,mais,at gulay.

2. Bundok (Mountain/Hill) isang pagtaas ng lupa sa daigdig, may matatarik
na bahagi at hamak na mas mataas kaysa burol.

ANYONG TUBIG

1. Karagatan (Ocean) - Ang pinakamalaking anyong tubig.

2. Dagat (Sea) - Malaking anyong tubig, ngunit mas maliit sa Karagatan.

1. Tama ba ang paniniwalang gusto pairalin sa atin noon ng mga Hapon na ang
Asia ay para sa Asyano?

A. Oo, dahil tayong mga Asyano ay dapat magtulungan.
B. Oo, dahil tayo ay magkakatulad na Asyano at may pare-parehong
hangarin.
C. Hindi, sapagkat gusto lamang nila lumawak ang kanilang teritor yo at
maging makapangyarihan.
D. Hindi, sapagkat ang isang bansa ay dapat mamuno sa mamayan nito.

2. Ano kaya ang kadahilanan nang pagbagsak ng Bataan sa kamay ng mga
Hapon?

A. Sa pagsabog ng Pearl Harbor at pagkamatay ng maraming sundalo at
gerilya.
B. Nang umalis si Douglas MacArthur upang pamunuan ang Southwestern
Pacific.
C. Dahil sa pagbagsak ng depensa ng USAFFE sa baybayin at ang walang
humpay na pag-atake ng hukbong panghimpapawid ng J apan.
D. Sa pag-atras ng pwersang USAFFE at mga gerilya.

3. Bakit kaya gusto ng mga Hapon na masakop ang ating bansang Pilipinas?

A. Dahil ito ay pinamumunuan ng mga Amerikano.
B. Dahil gusto nilang lumawak ang kanilang impluwensya, maging
makapangyarihan at nirerespeto.
C. Dahil nais nilang makilalang lider ng mga Asyano at mapairal na ang Asia
ay para sa mga Asyano.
D. Gusto nilang lumakas ang kanilang pwersa at lumaki ang kanilang
teritoryo.

4. Para sa inyo tama baa ng Misyong Os-Rox sa paghangad ng maagang
kasarinlan ng mga mamayan ng bansang ito?

A. Tama, upang tayo ay makapagsarili at din a lang umasa.
B. Tama, dahil dapat tayo ang namamahala sa ating bansa at makakamit
natin ang tunay na kalayaan.
C. Mali, sapagkat may mga bansa naming umunlad habang nasa
pamamahala ng ibang bansa sa kanila.
D. Mali, dahil kung tayo ay pumailalim sa mga Amerikano ay matutulungan
nila tayong umunlad at umayos ang ekonomiya na nanggaling lamang sa
digmaan.

APPLICATIONSSOFTWARE
OVERVIEWOFAPPLICATIONSSOFTWARE:
An application is a program or group of programs designed for end users. Application

software can be divided into two general classes: SYSTEMS SOFTWARE and APPLICATIONS
SOFTWARE.Systemssoftwareconsistsoflowlevelprogramsthatinteractwiththecomputerat
a very basic level. This includes operating systems, compilers, and utilities for managing
computerresources.
In contrast, applications software (also called enduser programs) includes database

programs,wordprocessors,andspreadsheets.Figurativelyspeaking,applicationssoftwaresits
on top of systems software because it is unable to run without the operating system and
systemutilities.
ARCTIC
AvitalzonebetweenNorthAmerica'sandRussia'snorthernmostfrontiersconsistsoftheArctic
regions.Onceonlyexplorers,traders,andInuit,orEskimo,hunterswereinterestedinthevast,
icy area at the top of the world. Today, because of its strategic location and its value to
scientists,theArcticisthesceneofmuchactivity.
The Arctic is studded with air bases, constant reminders that the shortest air routes between
theUnitedStatesandRussiaareoverthearea.OnlyanarrowchannelseparatesLittleDiomede
Island, of the United States, from Big Diomede Island (Ostrov Ratmanova), which is Russian
territory. The longrange missile and the nuclearpowered submarine have made distances
between the two countries seem even shorter. Yearround scientific research stations are
maintainedtostudyweather,climate,andmineralresourcesoftheArctic.
TheArcticissometimesdefinedastheareathatlieswithintheArcticCircle.TheArcticCircleis
a parallel of latitude (66 30 N. latitude), 1,650 miles (2,660 kilometers) from the North Pole,
the northern end of the Earth's axis. Actually, the Arctic Circle does not enclose all the Arctic
regions. The true Arctic is the area in which the mean temperature for the warmest month is
lessthan50 F.Thecoldestregion,thepolarsegment,iswherethemeantemperatureofthe
warmestmonthisbelowfreezing.
Thesubarcticregionistheareathathasameantemperatureabove50 F(10 C)formorethan
threebutlessthanfourmonthsayear.TheboundaryoftheArcticissometimessaidtobethe
linebeyondwhich notreesgrow.Thisisbasedonthetheorythattreelifecannotexistunless
thereisatleastonemonthayearwithatemperatureof50 F.
ArcticOceanandArcticLand
Thegreaterpartofthe8,000,000squaremiles(21,000,000squarekilometers)withintheArctic
Circle is occupied by the Arctic Ocean (5,440,200 square miles, or 14,090,050 square
kilometers). Around thepole,theocean is about 13,800 feetdeep (4,200 meters). Islands dot
the southern two thirds of the ocean. Then comes a rim of land provided by the northern
continents.
The most important islands north of America are Baffin, Victoria, and Ellesmere, belonging to
Canada. Svalbard, a Norwegian group, and Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, belonging to
Russia,arethelargestislandsnorthofEurope.
NorthofAsia,nearSiberia,lieSevernayaZemlyaandtheNewSiberianIslands.Otherislandsin
theArcticregionsareWrangel,PrincePatrick,Devon,andBanksislands,andtheParryIslands.
AlaskaandnorthernCanadaformtheArcticlandsofNorthAmerica.Farthereastistheworld's
largest island, Greenland. It is part of the Danish kingdom. At Dundas, Greenland, the United
Stateshasalargeairbase.
BASICSFORHANDLINGFOODSAFELY
Safestepsinfoodhandling,cooking,andstorageareessentialtopreventfoodborneillness.You
can't see, smell, or taste harmful bacteria that may cause illness. In every step of food
preparation,followthefourFightBAC!guidelinestokeepfoodsafe:
CleanWashhandsandsurfacesoften.
SeparateDon'tcrosscontaminate.
CookCooktopropertemperatures.
ChillRefrigeratepromptly.
SHOPPING
Purchaserefrigeratedorfrozenitemsafterselectingyournonperishables.
Neverchoosemeatorpoultryinpackagingthatistornorleaking.
Donotbuyfoodpast"SellBy,""UseBy,"orotherexpirationdates.
STORAGE
Alwaysrefrigerateperishablefoodwithin2hours(1hourwhenthetemperatureisabove
90F).
Check the temperature of your refrigerator and freezer with an appliance thermometer.
Therefrigeratorshouldbeat40Forbelowandthefreezerat0Forbelow.
Cook or freeze fresh poultry, fish, ground meats, and variety meats within 2 days; other
beef,veal,lamb,orpork,within3to5days.
Perishablefoodsuchasmeatandpoultryshouldbewrappedsecurelytomaintainquality
andtopreventmeatjuicesfromgettingontootherfood.
To maintain quality when freezing meat and poultry in its original package, wrap the
packageagainwithfoilorplasticwrapthatisrecommendedforthefreezer.
In general, highacid canned food such as tomatoes, grapefruit, and pineapple can be
storedontheshelffor12to18months.Lowacidcannedfoodsuchasmeat,poultry,fish,
andmostvegetableswillkeep2to5yearsifthecanremainsingoodconditionandhas
beenstoredinacool,clean,anddryplace.Discardcansthataredented,leaking,bulging,
orrusted.
BESTFILIPINOINVENTIONSFOR2012
Details
Category:Science
PublishedonSaturday,01September201217:18
WrittenbyFrameliaV.AnonasandMhedaG.Garcia/S&TMediaService,STII
FILIPINOSareacreativelotasconfirmedinthisyearswinninginventionsofthe2012National
InventionContestandExhibit(NICE).Gettingthejudgesnods,aswellaspartnerswithspecial
awards,areremarkablecreationsthatcatertovaryinginterest.
Some are designed to make life safer, to ease up and hasten tasks, and even to stimulate the
mind with fun. Whatever their purpose, the inspiration and brilliance of the inventors and
researchers behind these creations highly encourage other creative minds to explore the
possibilitiesoflocallyavailablematerials.
This years best include a fun board game, a lowcost bamboo splitter, a transforming ladder,
enzyme for cheese, a guide for the blind, a remote powerline disconnection system, among
others.Theyweredesignedforavarietyofpurposesbutarealloneintheiraimofmakinglife
betterforFilipinos.


BONE AND MUSCLE DISEASES

BONE DISEASES:

Arthritis ~ Inflammation of one or more joints that can be caused by gout,
rheumatic fever, or ankylosing spondylitis, a disease that affects the spine.

o Osteoarthritis - It is usually a mild, sometimes painful disease occurring
primarily with advancing age, when degenerative changes alter the
structure of the joints. Symptoms may be relieved and the condition
controlled with drugs, exercise, and other measures, sometimes including
orthopaedic surgery;

o Rheumatoid arthritis - Is by far the more serious, painful, and potentially
crippling form; it is chronic, is characterized by flare-ups and remissions,
and occurs throughout the world, in all climates and ethnic groups. The
prevalence in developed countries is generally about 3 per cent, with three
times as many women as men affected.

o Gout - complex disease of uncertain origin caused by the faulty metabolism
of uric acid produced in the body, and resulting in elevated levels of uric
acid in the blood. A diet rich in malt beverages, wines, and proteins may
precipitate individual attacks but does not cause the disease. Its incidence
is not usually affected by climate or season; about 95 per cent of sufferers
are men. The disease is rare in people under the age of 30; between 10 and
20 per cent of cases have a family history of the disease.

Rickets ~ nutritional disorder characterized by skeletal deformities. Rickets is
caused by a decreased mineralization of bones and cartilage due to low levels of
calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of
normal calcium and phosphorus levels. Classic rickets, a deficiency disease of
children characterized by improper development or hardening of bones, is due to
lack of sufficient vitamin D in the diet, or to insufficient ultraviolet radiation from
direct sunlight, a lack that prevents conversion of the element 7-
dehydrocholesterol in the skin to vitamin D.

Poliomyelitis ~ infectious viral disease of the central nervous system, sometimes
resulting in paralysis. The greatest incidence of the disease, also known as
infantile paralysis, is in children between the ages of five and ten years.

Osteomyelitis ~ is a term applied to any inflammation of bone or bone marrow,
usually caused by infection by such micro-organisms as Staphylococcus aureus,
various streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and a host of others, as well as
BRAINSTEM
Brain:Brainstem
Hindandmidbrains;posterolateralview
In vertebrate anatomy the brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain,
adjoiningandstructurallycontinuouswiththespinalcord.Thebrainstemprovidesthemain
motorandsensoryinnervationtothefaceandneckviathecranialnerves.Thoughsmall,this
is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and
sensory systems from the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the
brain stem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the posterior columnmedial
lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation and proprioception) and the
spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch and crude touch). The brain stem also plays an
important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the
centralnervous system,and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness andregulating the sleep
cycle.
It is usually described as including the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon), pons (part of
metencephalon), and midbrain (mesencephalon).
[1][2]
Less frequently, parts of the
diencephalonareincluded.
BUILDINGBETTERBATTERIES
ReportedNovember2011
BOULDER,CO(IvanhoeNewswire)Everyoneknowsthefrustrationofhavingabattery
die right when you need it. Now researchers have created a new battery with more
power, so you can talk, type, or even drive longer. We report on why it really is the
batterythatkeepsgoingandgoing,andgoing.
They power our phones, our computers, even our cars. But batteries have one big
downside, they die! And its usually way to soon and at the worst possible time.
Chemist Amy Prieto and her colleagues at Colorado State University are working to
changethat.
"If you could make one really good battery, you could put it into a bunch of different
areas and really impact people's lives, Amy Prieto, a chemist at Colorado State
UniversitytoldIvanhoe.
That's just what Prieto did. Calculations predict this prototype battery has a 1,000
higher power density, lasts 10 times longer, can be charged an unlimited amount of
timesandisathirdofthecostofcurrentlithiumionbatteries.
"Thekeytoourbatteryisit'sveryhighsurfacearea,Prietosaid.
A high surface area means it will charge faster. The battery is made up of three main
parts: an anodemade of tiny copper nanowires, a cathodemade from a rubberlike
material,andanelectrolytemadeofplasticthatseparatestheanodefromthecathode.
Nanowiresincreasethebatterysperformanceandaresosmallthat25millionofthem
canfitonthesurfaceofapenny.
"So,they'rereallytiny,thatsurfaceareaisabout10,000timeshigher, sothat'swhere
yougetthispowerfrom,Prietoexplained.
Researcherswillfirsttestthebatteryonelectricbikesthensmartphones,andoneday
everythingfrompacemakerstoelectriccars.
CARMAINTENANCECHECKLIST
It doesn't take too long to check the basic maintenance items in your car like engine oil,
transmission fluid or tires. This generic car maintenance checklist is designed to give you a
generalidea;asdifferentcarshavedifferentrequirements.Forthecorrectinformationonhow
to maintain your car, as well as safety precautions, refer to your vehicle's owner's manual or
takeyourcartoadealerorautorepairshop.
Carmaintenancebasics
It'sreallynotthatdifficulttokeepyourcaringoodshape.
Herearethebasics:
Readyourcarowner'smanual,ithasalltheinformationoncarmaintenanceaswellas
safetyprecautions.
Keepallthefluids(e.g.engineoil,transmissionfluid,coolant,etc.)cleanandtoppedup.
Followyourmaintenanceschedule,thereisanumberofthingsthatneedtoberegularly
serviced or replaced at certain intervals (e.g. brakes, air filter, timing belt, spark plugs,
etc.)
Checktirepressureregularly.
Changeyouwindshieldwipersiftheydon'tcleanproperly.
Wash and wax your vehicle once in a while to keep the car finish shiny and protected
fromcorrosion.
Deal with any problems as soon as they arise, before they become more serious and
requireexpensiverepairs.
Useonlyoriginalparts.
Atleastonceayearhaveyourcarcheckoutinagarage.
Howtocheckengineoil
Check engine oil regularly, especially if you notice that the oil level drops between the oil
changes. Engine oil cools down and lubricates the engine. Driving with very low oil level can
causeengineproblems.
Cerbrum
Thisarticleisaboutthelargeregionofthebrain.Forthesmallerregioninthelowerpartofthe
brain,seeCerebellum.
Brain:Cerebrum
Diagramdepictingthemainsubdivisionsoftheembryonicvertebratebrain.
Artery anteriorcerebral,middlecerebral,posteriorcerebral
Vein cerebralveins
MeSH Telencephalon
NeuroLexID birnlex_1042
Thecerebrumortelencephalon,togetherwiththediencephalon,constitutetheforebrain.Itis
themostanterioror,especiallyinhumans,mostsuperiorregionofthevertebratecentral
nervoussystem.Telencephalonreferstotheembryonicstructure,fromwhichthemature
cerebrumdevelops.Thedorsaltelencephalon,orpallium,developsintothecerebralcortex,
andtheventraltelencephalon,orsubpallium,becomesthebasalganglia.Thecerebrumisalso
dividedintosymmetricleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.
Withtheassistanceofthecerebellum,thecerebrumcontrolsallvoluntaryactionsinthebody.
CHROMOSOMALABERRATIONS
Chromosomal aberrations are abnormalities in the structure or number

ofchromosomesandareoftenresponsibleforgeneticdisorders.Formorethana
century, scientists have beenfascinatedby the study of human chromosomes. It
was not until 1956, however, that it was determined that the
actualdiploidnumber of chromosomes in a human cell was fortysix (22 pairs of
autosomesandtwosexchromosomesmakeupthehumangenome).In1959two
discoveries opened a new era of genetics. Jerome Lejeune, Marthe Gautier, and
M. Raymond Turpin discovered the presence of an extra chromosome in Down
syndromepatients.AndC.E.Fordandhiscolleagues,P.A.JacobsandJ.A.Strong
first observed sex chromosome anomalies in patients with sexual development
disorders.
AdvancesinChromosomalAnalysis
Identification of individual chromosomes remained difficult until advances in

staining techniques such as Qbanding revealed the structural organization of
chromosomes. The patterns of bands were found to be specific for individual
chromosomes and hence allowed scientists to distinguish the different
chromosomes. Also, such banding patterns made it possible to recognize that
structural abnormalities or aberrations were associated with specific genetic
syndromes. Chromosome disorders, or abnormalities of even a minute segment
(orband)arenowknowntobethebasisforalargenumberofgeneticdiseases.
Chromosomal disorders and their relationship to health and disease are studied
using the methods ofcytogenetics.Cytogenetic analysisis now an integral
diagnostic procedure inprenatal diagnosis. It is also utilized in the evaluation of
patients withmental retardation, multiple birth defects, and abnormal sexual
development, and in some cases of infertility or multiple miscarriages.
Cytogenetic analysis is also useful in the study and treatment of cancer patients
and individuals withhematologic disorders. The types of chromosomal
abnormalities that can be detected bycytogeneticsare numerical aberrations,
translocations,duplications,deletions,andinversions.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials
throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to
your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon
dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels
through your entire body connecting all your body cells.
Parts of the Circulatory System
The circulatory System is divided into three major parts:
1. The Heart
2. The Blood
3. The Blood Vessels
The Heart
The Heart is an amazing organ. The heart beats about 3 BILLION times
during an average lifetime. It is a muscle about the size of your fist. The
heart is located in the center of your chest slightly to the left. It's job is to
pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body.
It is your job to keep your heart healthy and there are three main things
you need to remember in order to keep your heart healthy.
1. Exercise on a regular basis. Get outside and play. Keep that body
moving (walk, jog, run, bike, skate, jump, swim).
2. Eat Healthy. Remember the Food Pyramid and make sure your
eating your food from the bottom to top.
3. Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't
Smoke!
The Blood
The blood is an amazing substance that is constantly flowing through
our bodies.
Your blood is pumped by your heart.
Your blood travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels
right within your own body.
Your blood carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to
and from your body cells.
A young person has about a gallon of blood. An adult has about 5
quarts.
CONVEXMIRRORSUSEDINCARS
Anyone who has sat in the driver's or passenger's seat in a car has probably noticed the
tinywording,"Objectsinmirrorarecloserthantheyappear,"thatrunsalongthebottomofthe
passengerside rearview mirror. Some may question the logic of making objects seem like they
are farther away than they actually are, but the reason is that using a convex mirror this way
givesthedriverthebestrangeofvision.Incontrast,thewidewindshieldmirrorisflatbecauseit
ismeanttoshowwhatisdirectlybehindthecar,notfarofftothesides.
Sidemirrorsofcarsareconvexmirrors

DETERMININGIFTHEUSEOFCONVEX
MIRRORSINVEHICLESARESAFE
ABSTRACT:
Anyone who has sat in the driver's or
passenger's seat in a car has probably noticed the
tiny wording, "Objects in mirror are closer than they
appear," that runs along the bottom of the
passengerside rearview mirror. Some may question
thelogicofmakingobjectsseemliketheyarefarther
away than they actually are, but the reason is that
using a convex mirror this way gives the driver the
bestrangeofvision.Incontrast,thewidewindshield
mirror is flat because it is meant to show what is
directlybehindthecar,notfarofftothesides.
Most of vehicles today has convex mirrors
for their side mirrors. This way, the cars behind the
vehicle is easily seen without needing to move their
heads sidetoside.Everythingappearssmallerinthe
mirror, so they cover a wider field of view than a
normal plane mirror does as the image is
"compressed".
Meaning you can see more vehicles behind
and beside you for longer before they enter a blind
spot.
The passengerside mirror on acaris
typically a convex mirror. In some countries, these
are labeled with the safety warning "Objects in
mirror are closer than they appear", to warn the
driver of the convex mirror's distorting effects on
distance perception. Convex mirrors are preferred in
vehicles because they give an upright, though
diminished,image. Alsotheyprovideawiderfieldof
viewastheyarecurvedoutwards.
INTRODUCTION:
This research aims to investigate if convex
mirrors are effective as the front mirrors instead of
sidemirrors.
Specifically this study attempts to answer the ff
questions:
What are the advantages of convex mirrors
incars?
What are the disadvantages of convex

mirrorsincars?
Whereshoulditbeusedbest?
Hypothesis:
The convex mirrors always project a virtual,
uprightandsmallerimagenomatterinwhat
position it is infront of a convex mirror.
Thus, it projects a compressed image in
which is easier to see the things in a large
place.
Convex and concave mirrors always need

computation in which to determine the
height and distance of the object when the
image is seen. Which makes curved mirrors
hard to estimate the distance between the
objectsseeninthemirror.
Thus, a convex mirror compresses the

image. It makes it easier to see large
pictures.Whichmakesitmostusefulonside
mirrorsthanfrontmirrorsbecauseitishard
to estimate the distance when parking or
movingbackwards.
CORNELIADELANGESYNDROME
CorneliadeLangesyndromeisadevelopmentaldisorderthataffectsmanyparts
ofthebody.Thefeaturesofthisdisordervarywidelyamongaffectedindividuals
andrangefromrelativelymildtosevere.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is characterized by slow growth before and after

birth, intellectual disability that is usually severe to profound, skeletal
abnormalities involving the arms and hands, and distinctive facial features. The
facialdifferencesincludearchedeyebrowsthatoftengrowtogetherinthemiddle
(synophrys);longeyelashes;lowsetears;small,widelyspacedteeth;andasmall,
upturnednose.Manyaffectedindividualsalsohavebehaviorproblemssimilarto
autism, a developmental condition that affects communication and social
interaction.
Additional signs and symptoms of Cornelia de Lange syndrome can include

excessive body hair (hypertrichosis), an unusually small head (microcephaly),
hearing loss, short stature, and problems with the digestive tract. Some people
with this condition are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth called a
cleftpalate.Seizures,heartdefects,eyeproblems,andskeletalabnormalitiesalso
havebeenreportedinpeoplewiththiscondition.
HowcommonisCorneliadeLangesyndrome?
Although the exact incidence is unknown, Cornelia de Lange syndrome likely

affects1in10,000to30,000newborns.
WhatgenesarerelatedtoCorneliadeLangesyndrome?
Mutations in theNIPBL,SMC1A, andSMC3genes can cause Cornelia de Lange

syndrome.NIPBLgene mutations have been identified in more than half of all
people with this condition; mutations in the other two genes are much less
CULTURE OF FILIPINO

1. Folk song - a song made and handed down among the common people: folk songs are
usually of anonymous authorship and often have many versions; a song belonging to the
folk music of a people or area, often existing in several versions or with regional
variations; and a song composed in the style of traditional folk music.

2. Different functions of folk song:
Local identity;
Love songs;
Lullabies;
Playful songs;
Work songs;
Humorous;
Birth and death ceremonies;
Celebrations and fiestas; and
others

3. Philippine Indigenous art an art originated from indigenous people of the Philippines or
from the culture and heritage of the first people (aboriginal) of the land.

1. Architecture Banawe Rice Terrace

DataCollectionMethods inStatistics
Aswehaveseeninthedefinitionofstatistics,datacollectionisafundamentalaspectandasa
consequence,therearedifferentmethodsofcollectingdatawhichwhenusedononeparticular
set will result in different kinds of data. Let's move on to look at these individual methods of
collectioninordertobetterunderstandthetypesofdatathatwillresult.
1. CensusDataCollection
Censusdatacollectionisamethodofcollectingdatawherebyallthedatafromeachand
everymemberofthepopulationiscollected.
Characteristics:
Covers very expanded data collection thus requires a lot of resources. For example,
when you collectthe ages of all the students ina given class, you areusing the census
datacollectionmethodsinceyouareincludingallthemembersofthepopulation(which
istheclassinthiscase).
Limitations:
Thismethodofdatacollectionisveryexpensive(tedious,timeconsumingandcostly)if
thenumberofelements(populationsize)isverylarge.Tounderstandthescopeofhow
expensive it is, think of trying to count all the ten year old boys in the country. That
wouldtakealotoftimeandresources,whichyoumaynothave.
2. SampleDataCollection
Sample data collection, which is commonly just referred to as sampling, is a method

whichcollectsdatafromonlyachosenportionofthepopulation.
Sampling assumes that the portion that is chosen to be sampled is a good estimate of
the entire population. Thus one can save resources and time by only collecting data
fromasmallpartofthepopulation.Butthisraisesthequestionofwhethersamplingis
accurate or not. The answer is that for the most part, sampling is approximately
accurate. This is only true if you choose your sample carefully to be able to closely
approximatewhatthetruepopulationconsistsof.
Characteristics:
SamplingisaloteasierthanCensusDataCollectionandrequiresfarlessresources.
Samplingisusedcommonlyineverydaylife,forexample,allthedifferentresearchpolls
thatareconductedbeforeelections.Pollstersduringelectiondon'taskallthepeoplein
MARASMUS
Itisasevereformofmalnutritioncausedbyinadequateintakeof
proteinandcalories,anditusuallyoccursinthefirstyearoflife,
resultinginwastingandgrowthretardation.Itisonecomponent
of proteinenergy malnutrition (PEM), the other being
kwashiorkor.
Marasmus accounts for a large burden on global health. The

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that deaths
attributabletomarasmusapproach50percentofthemorethan
tenmilliondeathsofchildrenunderagefivewithPEM.
The major factors that cause a deficit of caloric and protein intake include the following: the
transition from breastfeeding to nutritionpoor foods in infancy, acute infections of the
gastrointestinal tract, and chronic infections such as HIV or tuberculosis . The imbalance
between decreased energy intake and increased energy demands result in a negative energy
balance.
The physiologic response to a negative energy balance is to reduce energy consumption.

Children who suffer from marasmus display decreased activity, lethargy, behavioral changes,
slowedgrowth,andweightloss.Thesubsequenteffectsonthebodyarewastingandalossof
subcutaneous fat and muscle, resulting in growth retardation. The majority of children who
sufferfrommarasmusneverreturntoageappropriategrowthstandards.


Natl artist for literature Edith Tiempo passes away
By Alex V. Pal
Inquirer Visayas
8:34 pm | Sunday, August 21st, 2011

LITERARY GREAT. National Artist for Literature Edith L. Tiempo, renowned founder of the Silliman Writers
Workshop, died Sunday of myocardial infarction. Photo from Facebook
DUMAGUETE City, PhilippinesNational Artist for Literature Dr. Edith L. Tiempo died on Sunday in
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental.
She was 92.
Doctors at the Silliman Medical Center, where Tiempo was rushed Sunday afternoon for myocardial infarction,
pronounced her dead at 5:35 p.m. after trying to resuscitate her.
Dr. Tiempo died at a time when Silliman University was starting its 110th Founders Day celebration.
We have lost one of our pillars, Silliman University President Dr. Ben Malayang III announced at the end of
the 95th anniversary vesper worship service of the Silliman University Church.
But Dr. Tiempo will be part of our Founders Day celebration, he added.
The National Commission on Culture and the Arts, in its website, says Tiempo, a poet, fictionist, teacher and
literary critic, is regarded as one of the finest Filipino writers in English whose works are characterized by a
remarkable fusion of style and substance, of craftsmanship and insight.
Together with her late husband, Edilberto K. Tiempo, she founded and directed the Silliman National Writers
Workshop in Dumaguete City.
In the last 50 years, the Workshop has produced some of the countrys best writers, who have come to fondly
call her Mommy Edith.
Tiempos published works include the novel A Blade of Fern (1978), His Native Coast (1979), The Alien Corn
(1992), One, Tilting Leaves (1995) and The Builder (2003); the poetry collections, The Tracks of Babylon and
Other Poems (1966), and The Charmers Box and Other Poems (1993); and the short story collection Abide,
Joshua, and Other Stories (1964).
Her works have won numerous prizes from the Don Carlos Palanca Awards in Literature, the CCP literary
contest, and the Philippine Free Press literary contest.
ETHNICGROUPSANDINDIGENOUSPEOPLEOFTHEPHILIPPINES
ThehumanresourcesofthePhilippinesisitspeople.Filipinoscallthem.Butdiversegroupsthey
include.Diversalsocallthem.TheAetasisoneoftheancestors.TheyalsocalledNegritos,Aytaor
Baluga.BasicallytheyliveintheCentralLuzon.ItisinthemountainsofZambales,Quezon,Lagunaand
Cagayan.ManyalsoresideinthemountainsofPanayandNegros.
Aetas,IfugaoandKalinga:
Aetas,theIfugaoandKalingaresidesinLuzon.TheyarelocatedintheMountainProvince.Theyarethe
foundersofthefamousIfugaoriceterracesoftwothousandyearsago.
Ilocanos:
AnothergroupofFilipinosinLuzonaretheIlocanos.TheyusuallyliveinnorthernLuzon.Butthereare
IlocanosalsoinotherpartsofVisayasandMindanao.Theyliveinthatareatowork,trade,ormarry.
Theyareindustriousandhardworking.TheyarealsolocatedinthemiddleandsouthernLuzonthe
Tagalog.TheyarethesecondlargestgroupofChristiansinthePhilippines.
Mangyan:
KnownastheMangyaninLuzon.TheyarefoundtheislandofMindoro.Mostofthemhaveexternal
appearancethewaytheirsimpleancestorsare.
Cebuano,IlongoandWaray:
AdiversegroupinthePhilippineislandofVisayas.OneoftheseistheCebuanowiththegreatestgroup
intheregion.TheynotedfolksongMatudNilaanddancetoRosasPandan.
MeetingalsoVisayasIlonggo.TheyrecognizenativesonganddanceDandansoyandCariosa.
TurntheWaraygroupofFilipinosinMindanao.SomeofthemaretheBadjaos,Maranao,Tausug,
Tiboli,andManobo.
LivesintheseasideBadjaos.TheyfoundfromZamboangatoSulu.Fishingistheirmainoccupation.
TheteamofTiboliresideinCotabato.Farmingisthemainikinaraisethem.
Theirmainlivelihoodisfishingandfarming.
FAMOUS FILIPINO INVENTORS

Karaoke Inventor

Roberto del Rosario, ay isang Pilipino na di-
umano ay naka imbento ng Sing-Along-
System (SAS) na nagging Karaoke sa
kasalukuyan, na sa Hapones ang tawag ay
"pagkanta ng walang banda". Ilan pa sa
mga imbento ni del Rosario ay ang Trebel
Voice Color Code (VCC), piano tuner's
guide, piano keyboard stressing device,
voice color tape, at ang one-man-band
(OMB). Ang OMB ay ang sinasabing naging
Sing-Along-System (SAS) o Karaoke.

Inventor of Incubator

Fe del Mundo, ang unang Asiana na
nakapagtapos sa Harvard Universitys
School of Medicine. Isa sa pagaaral
nya ang sinasabing pinagmulan ng
imbention na incubator at ang
jaundice relieving device. Si Del
Mundo ay isang International Pediatric
Association (IPA) awardee na
nakapagtapos sa University of the
Philippines (UP) College of Medicine.
Simula pa noong 1941, siya ay
sumulat ng humigit kumulang na 100
articles sa medical journals ng U.S.,
Philippines at India. Noong 1966,
natangap niya ang Elizabeth Blackwell
Award, dahil sa kanyang "outstanding service to mankind". At noong
1977, siya ay ginawaran ng Ramon Magsaysay Award para sa
katangitanging paglilingkod publiko.

`

Artist : Juan Novicio Luna
Period : 1857-1899
Title : Filipino painter in the late 19th
century.
Style and
Techniq
: Traditional painter.
During his homecoming
period he painted many portraits
such as Gobernador General Ramon
Blanco, La Bulaquena, those of his
parents, brothers, sisters in-law and
nieces. He painted landscapes like
Taal Volcano, Marikina, etc., and
genre scenes like Tampuhan (Sulking)

The Spoliarium, for which he won gold prize at the 1884 Madrid Exposition, is currently
in the National Museum in Manila.

FILIPINOCOSTUMSANDTRADITIONS
Filipinoshasthissomekindofculturetopassonwhatkindofconductthattheyhavelearned
fromtheirparentswhichmadethecustomsandtraditionsoftheFilipinossurvivethroughall
theseyears.ItwasbuiltastheSpanishandotherinvaderstrytoinvadeourcountry,the
Philippines.
ManoPo
Whenchildrenoryoungpeoplegreetorsaygoodbyetotheirelderstheytypicallydosoby
takingtherighthandoftheelderwiththeirrighthandandtouchthebacktheelder'shand
lightlyontheirforehead.ThisactiscalledManoPo.ItisawaytogiverespecttoeldersandI've
alsounderstoodittobeawayofacceptingablessingfromtheelder.Manoisspanishfor'hand'
whilethewordPoisoftenusedattheendofasentencewhenaddressingeldersorsuperiors.
Po
ThewordPoisoftenusedwhenspeakingwithanelderortoasuperior.Typcially,itisaddedto
theendofasentence.Forexample,thankyouwouldbethankyoupo.Intagalog,salamat
meansthankyou.Toanelderyouwouldsaysalamatpo.Thewordpodoesn'treallyhavea
meaningbutaddsformalityasasignofrespect.
Mymom,whoisinher70's,doesntreallylikethefilipinotraditionofsayingpo.Shetendsto
getalittlefrustratedwithalwayshearingpoaftereveryexchangeinaconversation.Shemade
allofmycousinslaughbytellingthemtostopstayingpoallthetime.
FilipinosareAllRelatedtoOneAnother
ItseemsFilipinosareallrelatedtooneanother.Ourbloodlinescertainlyintersectsomewhere
butthissocalledfamilyrelationisduetotwothings:1)Ourclassificationoffamilymembersis
verysimple,and2)Werefertopeoplethatarenotrelatedtousasfamilymembersasasignof
respect.Let'slookintothisfilipinotraditionalittlefurther.
Mymotherhasafirstcousin.HisnameisNelson.MymomandNelson'smomaresisters.
Nelsonismyfirstcousinonceremoved.I,however,considerNelsontobemyUnclebecausehe
isofthesamegenerationasmymother.Becauseheisofmymom'sgenerationIcallhimTito,
orUncle.
Now,mymom'sbestfriendfromnursingschoolisLanda.Landaisafewyearsyoungerthanmy
mombutstillofmymom'sgeneration.Icallmymom'sbestfriendTitaLandaorAuntLanda.
WearenotrelatedbutIstillcallherandconsiderhertobemyaunt.
FILIPINOEPICS
GENERALDESCRIPTION
The Tagalog word for 'epic' is epiko from the Spanish. Philippine epics are lengthy
narrative poemsbasedon oral tradition. The verses were chanted or sung while being passed
fromgenerationtogenerationbeforebeingwrittenonpaper.Theplotsoftheirstoriesrevolve
aroundsupernaturaleventsandheroicdeeds.
With the diversity of ethnic groups in the Philippines, Filipino epics are not national in
scope the way the Kaleva is in Finland, for example. Instead of glorifying national heroes,
Philippineepicsarespecifictoaparticularpartofthecountry,andthustheyarereferredtoas
ethnoepics or regional epics. In fact, the epic poems of the Philippines are in many different
languages,notjustthecurrentlydominantTagalog.
NUTRITIVEVALUEOFFISH
Thesaltwaterfishisagoodsourceofomega3fattyacidsthathelpinmaintainingoverall
healthofbody.Fishoilisheartfriendlyanditisrecommendedtobeconsumedbythose
sufferingfromcardiovasculardiseases.Proteincontentisalsoveryhighinfishdishes.According
tonutritionists,fishshouldbeconsumedatleast23daysinaweek.
Thoughfishisanutritionalproductitcausessomehealthhazardstoo.Therearesomespecies
offishlikeshellfishandfuguthatmaycausefoodpoisoningifnotcookedproperly.Parasites
arealsopresentinrawfish,inwhichcase,itisrecommendedtocookfishwithpropermethod.
Somenutritionalfactsaboutfish:
Sometypesoffishareverylowinfat
Thefattierfishtypescontainhealthyessentialfattyacids(omega3)thatareactually
verygoodforthebody
WhitefishtypesarerichinvitaminB12
OilyfisharerichinvitaminsA,B12andD
Fishisahighprotein,lowfatfood
Smallfishbonesthatmaybeeatenarerichincalcium
Fishisagoodsourceofiron
Fishisveryeasytodigestandthereforeagoodfoodchoicefortheelderlyorpeople
whoarenotfeelingverywell
Fishdoesnotcontainharmfulsaturatedorhydrogenatedfats
100goffishcontainuptohalfthedailyrecommendedamountofprotein

FORCE
Thesimplestway todescribeforceistosaythatitisa`push'ora`pull'oratwist.Thepush or
pullonanobjectmaycauseeitherdeformationormay changethestateofmotionoftheobject
underconsideration.Theharderyou'push'or'pull',themoreforceyouareapplying.
Aforceisapushorpulluponanobjectresultingfromtheobject'sinteractionwithanotherobject.
Wheneverthereisaninteractionbetweentwoobjects,thereisaforceuponeachoftheobjects.
Whentheinteractionceases,thetwoobjectsnolongerexperiencetheforce.Forcesonlyexistas
aresultofaninteraction.
For simplicity sake, all forces (interactions) between objects can be placed into two broad
categories:
contactforces,and
forcesresultingfromactionatadistance
Contactforces:
Are those types of forces that result when the two interacting objects are perceived to be
physically contacting each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional forces, tensional
forces,normalforces,airresistanceforces,andappliedforces.Contactforcesare:
FrictionalForce
TensionForce
NormalForce
AirResistanceForce
AppliedForce
SpringForce
Actionatadistanceforces:
Are those types of forces that result even when the two interacting objects are not in physical
contact with each other, yet are able to exert a push or pull despite their physical separation.
Examples of actionatadistance forces include gravitational forces. For example, the sun and
planets exert a gravitational pull on each other despite their large spatial separation. Electric
forcesareactionatadistanceforces.Forexample,theprotonsinthenucleusofanatomandthe
electronsoutsidethenucleusexperienceanelectricalpulltowardseachotherdespitetheirsmall
spatialseparation.Andmagneticforcesareactionatadistanceforces.Forexample,twomagnets
canexertamagneticpulloneachotherevenwhenseparatedbyadistanceofafewcentimeters.
GravitationalForce
ElectricalForce
MagneticForce
GENEMUTATION
A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a

gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a
largesegmentofachromosome.
Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent or
acquired during a persons lifetime. Mutations that are passed from parent to
child are called hereditary mutations or germline mutations (because they are
presentintheeggandspermcells,whicharealsocalledgermcells).Thistypeof
mutationispresentthroughoutapersonslifeinvirtuallyeverycellinthebody.
Mutations that occur only in an egg or sperm cell, or those that occur just after
fertilization,arecallednew(denovo)mutations.Denovomutationsmayexplain
genetic disorders inwhich an affected child has a mutation in every cell, but has
nofamilyhistoryofthedisorder.
Heograpiya
Heograpiya(Kastila:Geografia)angtawagsaaghamngmgalokasyonngmundo.Nakapokusito
sadistribusyonnglikasnayamanatmgataosaibabawnglupa.
AngsalitangheograpiyaaymulasasalitangKastilanggeografa.Nagugatitosamgasalitang
Griyegonggi(daigdig)atgrfein(isulatoilarawan).
Naritoangmgabagaynapinagaaralansaheograpiya:
Kartograpiyaopaggawangmapa
Mgabansasamundo
Kapaligirangpangkalikasan
Klima
Lupa
Ilog
Bato
Anyonglupa

HUMANHISTORY
StoneAgehumansarrive30000BC
Human fossil records indicate that the Philippines may have been inhabited for
thousands of years. According to earlier archaeological findings, the first man in the
Philippines came around islands with Asia which Professor H. Otley Beyer, eminent
American authority on Philippine archeology and anthropology, dubbed the "Dawn
Man". Yet the oldest human fossil found in the Philippines thus far is the 22,000year
old skull cap of a "StoneAge Filipino" discovered by Dr. Robert B. Fox, American
anthropologistof the National Museum, inside Tabon Cave,Palawan,onMay 28,1962
anddubbedthe"TabonMan".
TheTaboncavesofPalawanindicatesettlementforatleast30,500years;thesehunter
gatherers used stone flake tools. (In Mindanao, the existence and importance of these
prehistoric tools was noted by famed Jos Rizal himself, because of his acquaintance
withSpanishandGermanscientificarchaeologistsinthe1880s,whileinEurope.)
The custom of Jar Burial, which ranges from Sri Lanka, to the Plain of Jars, in Laos, to
Japan, also was practiced in the Tabon caves of Palawan. A spectacular example of a
secondary burial jar is owned by the National Museum of the Philippines, a National
Treasure,withajarlidtoppedwithtwofigures,onethedeceased,armscrossed,hands
touching the shoulders, the other a steersman, both seated in a prao, with only the
mastmissingfromthepiece.Secondaryburialwaspracticedacrossalltheislandsofthe
Philippinesduringthisperiod,withthebonesreburied,someintheburialjars.Seventy
eight earthenware vessels were recovered from the Manunggul cave, Palawan,
specificallyforburial.
Southeast Asia, as seen on the display globe at the Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago,Illinois
About 30,000 years ago, the Negritos, who became the ancestors of today's Aetas, or
Aboriginal Filipinos, descended from their northernly abodes in Central Asia passing
through the Indian Subcontinent and reaching the Andamanese Islands. From thereon,
theNegritoscontinuedtoventureonlandbridgesreachingSoutheastAsia.Whilesome
oftheNegritossettledinMalaysia,becomingwhatisnowtheOrangAslipeople,several
Negrito tribes continued on to the Philippines through Borneo. They had a Paleolithic
culture, and have no community life, government and laws, arts, science and
technology,andwritingandliterature.Theyliveanomadiclifestyle,roamingtheforests
and living in crude dwellings consisting of leaves and sticks. But they were skillfully
adeptinusingthebowandarrowasaprimarydefenseweapon.Theyalsogatheredwild
plantsforconsumption.
MGAURINGHOMINIDAE
HOMINIDAE
AngHominidaeangtaksonomikongpamilyangmgaprimadonakinabibilanganngmgatao,
mgachimpanzee, mgabonobo, mgagorilya, at mgaoranggutan.
[1]
Ito ay tinatawag ring
mgadakilang mgabakulawomalaking bakulawupang itangi mula samas maliit na
bakulaw(mgagibbon). Ang mga kasapi ng pamilyang ito ay tinatawag na
mgahominido,hominidyoohominid.
Dahilsapagtitipongito,kabilangsaHominidaeang4namgaheneraat5species.Nakahintil
ang mga kasapi nitong hindi tao sa ekuwatoryal naAprika,SumatraatBorneo. Pumipetsa
angmgafossilnghominidyosaMiosenoatnakilalangmulasaAsya.
Nasasaklawan ng timbang ng mga hominidyo ang mula sa 48kg hanggang 270kg. Mas
malalaki ang mga kalalakihan kesa mga kababaihan. Mgaprimadooprimataang mga
hominidyo,namaymatitipunongmgakatawanatmaunladnamgabisig.
Kabilangdinsaklasipikasyonangmganinunongpangkasalukuyangnabubuhaynamgauri.
HOUSEHOLDMATERIALS:
1. CuttingandPiercing
a. Knife
b. Scissor
c. Ax
d. Hatchet
e. Cuttingboard
2. SmoothingandSharpening
a. Sharpeningstone
b. Sandpaper
3. HandymanTools
a. Hammer
b. Nail
c. Saw
d. Drill
e. Chisel
f. LongnoseFlier
g. CuttingFlier
h. Flier
i. Brush
j. ElectricalTape
k. Screwdriver
l. Screw
4. Storingandtransporting
a. Bag
b. Basket
c. Plasticcontainer
d. Watercontainer
5. Cookingfood
a. Stove
b. Pans
c. Casseroles
d. Knives
PLASTIC MADE OUT OF MILK
How can plastic be made out of milk? Find out how an acid (in this case, vinegar) along
with a measuring cup and teaspoon, a mug, a stirring spoon, and paper towels can turn
hot milk into plastic.
Acti vi ty's uses: Classroom demo or small group exploration
Area(s) of science: Physical Science
Difficulty level:
Prep time: <10 minutes
Acti vi ty time: 10-20 minutes
Key terms:
plastics, casein, monomers, polymers, chemical reaction,
chemistry, food chemistry, acids

Background Information:
Plastics are a group of materials that can look or feel different, but can all be molded
into many shapes. The similarities and differences between different plastic products
come down to the molecules they are made of. Plastics are all similar because they are
all made up of molecules that are repeated over and over again in a chain, called a
polymer. Polymers can be chains of one type of molecule, or chains of different types of
molecules linked together in a regular pattern. In a polymer, a single repeat of the
pattern of molecules is called a monomer (even if the polymer is made up of only one
type of molecule).
HOWTOWRITEATHESISSTATEMENT
WhatisaThesisStatement?
Almostallofusevenifwedontdoitconsciouslylookearlyinanessayforaoneortwosentence
condensationoftheargumentoranalysisthatistofollow.Werefertothatcondensationasathesisstatement.
WhyShouldYourEssayContainaThesisStatement?
totestyourideasbydistillingthemintoasentenceortwo
tobetterorganizeanddevelopyourargument
toprovideyourreaderwithaguidetoyourargument
Ingeneral,yourthesisstatementwillaccomplishthesegoalsifyouthinkofthethesisastheanswertothe
questionyourpaperexplores.
HowCanYouWriteaGoodThesisStatement?
Herearesomehelpfulhintstogetyoustarted.
Almostallassignments,nomatterhowcomplicated,canbereducedtoasinglequestion.Yourfirststep,then,isto
distilltheassignmentintoaspecificquestion.Forexample,ifyourassignmentis,Writeareporttothelocal
schoolboardexplainingthepotentialbenefitsofusingcomputersinafourthgradeclass,turntherequestintoa
questionlike,Whatarethepotentialbenefitsofusingcomputersinafourthgradeclass?Afteryouvechosen
thequestionyouressaywillanswer,composeoneortwocompletesentencesansweringthatquestion.
Q:Whatarethepotentialbenefitsofusingcomputersinafourthgradeclass?
A:Thepotentialbenefitsofusingcomputersinafourthgradeclassare
OR
A:Usingcomputersinafourthgradeclasspromisestoimprove
Theanswertothequestionisthethesisstatementfortheessay.
Evenifyourassignmentdoesntaskaspecificquestion,yourthesisstatementstillneedstoansweraquestion
abouttheissueyoudliketoexplore.Inthissituation,yourjobistofigureoutwhatquestionyoudliketowrite
about.
IDIOMS
(An Idiom is a natural manner of speaking to a native speaker of a language.)

A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush:
Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose
everything.

A Blessing In Disguise:
Something good that isn't recognized at first.

A Chip On Your Shoulder:
Being upset for something that happened in the past.

A Dime A Dozen:
Anything that is common and easy to get.

A Doubting Thomas:
A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something.

A Drop in the Bucket:
A very small part of something big or whole.

A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted:
It's easy for a foolish person to lose his/her money.

A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand:
Everyone involved must unify and function together or it will not work out.

A Leopard Can't Change His Spots:
You cannot change who you are.

CHARACTERISTICSOFINDIANLITERATURE
The characteristics of Indian Literature are naturally an aspect of Indian

consciousness, tradition and culture. It is distinguished from the western
consciousness,uponwhichanIndianisnurturedfrombirthtotheiradulthoodin
aclosednitfamilywithhighbackgroundofreligionandtraditionpracticesbythe
communityandsociety
According to Rudyard Kiplings oftquoted line, East is East, and West is

West,andneverthetwainshallmeet,particularlytheapproachofliterature.Itis
possible for them to meet on a common ground; eastern literature might be of
appealandperennialsourceofcharmforthewritersandreadersintheWest,as
it really has been, and the same, without any fear of carping, might be said of
westernliterature.
To strike a balance and a compromise, as the circumstances permitted,

without losing their native character had been a constant feature of Indian life.
WhatthenarethesecharacteristicsoftheIndianconsciousness,whichtheIndian
Literatures retain even up to this day, in spite of so many inroads from an alien
sourceuponit?WhereinliestheIndiannessoftheIndians?
THECOREOFINDIALITERATURE:INDIANCONSCIOUSNESS
TheseconsciousnessesareatthebackboneofIndianLiterature:
REINCARNATION: It is the widespread belief in Mukti, and in

REINCARNATION.ItisapowerfulobsessionwiththeIndians.Thereisnothinglike
it in western consciousness. A westerner would turn away from it as something
strangeandunknown.ButithappenstobethebasicbeliefoftheIndian.Itishis
life breath. Indians are prepared to sacrifice if he can only attain to this state of
highestbeing,towhichallhisvisibleeffortsandinvisibleaspirationsaredirected.
AperpetualobsessionwiththeIndian,thisbeliefcolourshiswholelife.
KARMA: A belief that is very closely attendant upon the Indians belief in
Mukti, is his belief in the doctrine of KARMA. It is second to the first only in the
determinationofhisattitudetowardslife.Wearesuchandsuchbecausewedid
such and such in the past. Our actionsin a previous birth determine our state in
HOWBUSINESSUSESINFORMATIONSYSTEMS
InformationSystems(IS)inorganizationscaptureand
manage data to produce useful information that
supports an organization and its employees,
customers, suppliers and partners. Many
organizations consider information systems to be
essential to their ability to compete and gain
competitive advantage. Most organizations have
cometorealizethatallworkersneedtoparticipatein
the development of information systems. Therefore,
information systems development is a relevant
subjecttoallregardlessofwhetherornotstudyingto
become an information systems professional.
Information systems come in all shapes and sizes.
They are classified according to the functions they
serve.
Transaction Processing System (TPS) captures

and processes data about business transactions.
Examples are inventory tracking system,
materials management system, customer order
system,andaccountingsystem.
ManagementInformationSystem(MIS)provides
for managementoriented reporting based on
transaction processing and operations of the
organization. An example is a production
schedulingmanagementinformationsystem.
Decision Support System (DSS) either helps to
identify decisionmaking opportunities or
provides information to help make decisions. An
example is a DSS for purchasing decisions like
Consumers Digest that provides product reviews
and shopping tips. Another is a DSS for real
estate decisions, Countrywide which provides
financingcalculatorsandmortgagealternatives.
ExecutiveInformationSystem(EIS)supportsthe
planning and assessment needs of executive
managers.Forexample,anEIScanhelpaCEOto
quickly view sales activity categorized by region,
product, month, local market, or any number of
othermethodsoftheorganization.
Expert System (ES) captures the expertise of
workersandthensimulatesthatexpertisetothe
benefits ofnonexperts. Examples of this are the
systems for the diagnosis of bacteriological
diseases in patients and quality control of
products.
Communications and Collaboration System
(CCS) enables more effective communications
between workers, partners, customers, and
suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.
This includes videoconferencing, audio
conferencing, email, voicemail, fax, instant
messagingandchat.
Office Automation System (OAS) supports the
wide range of business office activities that
provide for improved workflow between
workers.Maintypesoftoolsincludespreadsheet
programsandtext&imageprocessingsystems.
Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)
enables coordination of activities, efficient
response to customer orders and the use of
valuable information for improved decision
making.
INFORMATIONSYSTEMUSERSANDTHEIRNEEDS
System users define the business requirements and

expectations for the system. Hence, they view an
information system in terms of the functionality
provided to their jobs, ease of learning and ease of
use. There are many classes of system users. Each
class should be directly involved in any information
systemdevelopmentprojectthataffectsthem.
InternalSystemUsers
Internal system users are employees of the
businesses for which most information systems are
built. They make up the largest percentage of
information system users in most businesses. They
include:
Top Managers are concerned with strategic

(longterm)planninganddecisionmaking.
Middle Managers and KnowledgeWorkersMiddle
managers are more concerned with tactical
(shortterm) operational problems and decision
making. Knowledge workers consist largely of
business and industrial specialists who perform
highlyskilledandspecializedwork.
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
TechTarget.com:Postedby:MargaretRouse
IninformationtechnologyandontheInternet,infrastructureisthephysicalhardwareusedto
interconnectcomputersandusers.Infrastructureincludesthetransmissionmedia,including
telephonelines,cabletelevisionlines,andsatellitesandantennas,andalsotherouters,
aggregators,repeaters,andotherdevicesthatcontroltransmissionpaths.Infrastructurealso
includesthesoftwareusedtosend,receive,andmanagethesignalsthataretransmitted.
Insomeusages,infrastructurereferstointerconnectinghardwareandsoftwareandnotto
computersandotherdevicesthatareinterconnected.However,tosomeinformation
technologyusers,infrastructureisviewedaseverythingthatsupportstheflowandprocessing
ofinformation.
Technopedia.com
Definition:ITinfrastructurereferstothecompositehardware,software,networkresourcesand
servicesrequiredfortheexistence,operationandmanagementofanenterpriseIT
environment.ItallowsanorganizationtodeliverITsolutionsandservicestoitsemployees,
partnersand/orcustomersandisusualinternaltoanorganizationanddeployedwithinowned
facilities.
Explanation:ITinfrastructureconsistsofallcomponentsthatsomehowplayaroleinoverallIT
andITenabledoperations.Itcanbeusedforinternalbusinessoperationsordeveloping
customerITorbusinesssolutions.
Typically,astandardITinfrastructureisdistributedaccordingtothefollowingcomponents:
Hardware:Servers,computers,datacenters,switches,hubsandrouters,etc.
Software:EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),customerrelationshipmanagement
(CRM),productivityapplicationsandmore.
Network:Networkenablement,Internetconnectivity,firewallandsecurity.
Meatware:Althoughconflicting,humanusers,suchasnetworkadministrators(NA),
developers,designersandgenericenduserswithaccesstoanyITapplianceorservice
arealsopartofanITInfrastructure,specificallywiththeadventofusercentricITservice
development.
ITINFRASTRUCTURE
www.galorath.com,postedby:Author:DanGalorathSeptember11,2008
ITInfrastructure..ITinfrastructureconsistsoftheequipment,systems,software,andservices
usedincommonacrossanorganization,regardlessofmission/program/project.IT
Infrastructurealsoservesasthefoundationuponwhichmission/program/projectspecific
systemsandcapabilitiesarebuilt.CIO.GOV(U.S.)
FLYINGSHUTTLEINVENTEDBYJOHNKAYON1733
Theflyingshuttle,createdbyJohnKayin1733,isoneofthemajorweavinginventions
ASSIGNMENT IN SCIENCE

I. INVENTORS AND DISCOVERERS

MP3
History and Development

For LP MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a popular audio
encoding format. It uses a lossy compression algorithm that is designed to greatly reduce the
amount of data required to represent the audio recording, yet still sound like a faithful
reproduction of the original uncompressed audio to most listeners. It was invented by a team
of European engineers of Philips, CCETT (Centre commun d'tudes de tlvision et
tlcommunications), IRT and Fraunhofer Society, who worked in the framework of the
EUREKA 147 DAB digital radio research program, and it became an ISO/IEC standard in 1991.

MP3 is an audio-specific format. The compression takes off certain sounds that cannot
be heard by the listener, i.e. outside the normal human hearing range. It provides a
representation of pulse-code modulationencoded audio in much less space than
straightforward methods, by using psychoacoustic models to discard components less audible
to human hearing, and recording the remaining information in an efficient manner. Similar
principles are used by JPEG, an image compression format.

I-POD
History and design

iPod came from Apple's digital hub strategy,
[3]
when the company began creating
software for the growing market of digital devices being purchased by consumers. Digital
cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the
company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user
interfaces that were "unbelievably awful",
[3]
so Apple decided to develop its own. Apple's
hardware engineering chief, Jon Rubinstein, assembled a team of engineers to design it,
including Tony Fadell, hardware engineer Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Jonathan Ive,
with Stan Ng as the marketing manager. The product was developed in less than a year and
unveiled on 23 October 2001. CEO Steve Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with
a 5 GB hard drive that put "1000 songs in your pocket."

The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with
others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After
Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open
the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship.
Apple had previously registered the name "iPod" for Internet kiosks, but never put it to use.
[3]


POCKET CINEMA
(AIPTEK)

Size: 25.5 cm. length x 5.5 cm width x 2 cm height
Projection: 50 inches (Twice as large as regular 20 inches TV)

mpatible: with most digital video format
d video output connection
With built-in video player and 1 GB
memory, and up to 8 GB memory storage
Price: $ 300.00 (Php 14,500.00)
s. 640 x 480 pixels By: AIPTEK, USA
KABUKIANDKABUKICLOTHING
Kabuki(,kabuki?)isthehighlystylizedclassicalJapanesedancedrama.Kabukitheatreis
known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate makeup worn by some of its
performers. The individual kanji characters, from left to right, mean sing (), dance (), and
skill (). Kabuki is therefore sometimes translated as "the art of singing and dancing." These
are, however, ateji characters which do not reflect actual etymology. The kanji of 'skill'
generally refers to a performer in kabuki theatre. Since the word kabuki is believed to derive
from the verb kabuku, meaning "to lean" or "to be out of the ordinary", kabuki can be
interpretedas"avantgarde"or"bizarre"theatre.

KAHAPON,NGAYONATBUKAS
NiAurelioTolentino
(DulangHimagsikan)
MGATAUHAN:
INANGBAYAN(PILIPINAS)
DILATNABULAG(ESPANYA)
BAGONGSIBOL(AMERIKA)
MASUNURIN(BABAINGPILIPINA)
TAGAILOG(ANGKATAGALUGAN)
MATANGLAWIN(GOBYERNONGKASTILA)
MALAYNATIN(GOBYERNONGAMERIKANO)
ASALHAYOP(MAPAGLILONGTAGALOG)
DAHUMPALAY(MAPAGLILONGTAGALOG)
HARINGBATA(HARINGINTSIK)
HALIMAW(PRAYLE)
WALANGTUTOL(LALAKINGPILIPINO)
Mgataongbayan,mgaHukbongTagalog,mgaHukbongIntsik,KapisananngCruzRojangbabae,
mgakawalnarebulosyonaryo,mgabatanglalakitbabae,bandangmusikangHukbongTagalog,
mgaKaluluwangnangamataysalabanan,angHaringKamatayan,RehimiyentongArtiller,
InfanteriaatIngeniena.
BAHAGII
(Isangbakurangmaysaginganatibapanghalamansatabi.Sagitnaayisangbalag.)
LABASI
(Asalhayopatmgataongbayan.Nangakahanayangbabaesakananatangmgalalakinamansa
kaliwa.Nangataasangkanangkamaynilanglahat,natumatangansakopangginto.Masasayaang
anyonila.)
(Asalhayop,Masunurin,Walangtutol,mgataongbayan.)
Walangtutol:Maginuman,magsayawan.
Masunurin:SiAsalhayopayipagdiwang.
Koro:Ipagdiwang.
1.o:Mapalaangkanyangbuhay.
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG

Mga Pangkalahtan at Tiyak na Layunin

Pagkatapos ng isang taon pang-aaral sa antas na ito sa mataas na paaralan,
ang bawat mag-aaral ay inaasahang makapagpapakita ng sumusunod na kakayahan:

I. Ang Simula ng Kabihasnan

1. Naipamamalas ang pag-unawa sa kinalaman ng heograpiya sa pamumuhay ng
mga sinaunang daigdig

A. Heograpiya ng Daigdig

Nasusuri ang mga teoryang siyentipiko at pahayag mula sa Bibliya tungkol sa
pinagmulan ng daigdig

Nasusuri ang katangiang pisikal ng daigdig bilang tirahan ng tao

Naipaliliwanag ang kahalagahan ng heograpiya sa kasaysayan

B. Mga Unang Tao

Nasusuri ang mga teoryang siyentipiko at pahayag sa Bibliya tungkol sa pinagmulan
ng tao

Nasusuri ang katangian ng bawat yugto ng pag-unlad ng kultura (paleolitiko at
neolitiko)

C. Mga Unang Kabihasnan

Nasusuri ang mga kaganapan sa Rebolusyong Neolitiko (pasimula ng agrikultura0
na naging batayan ng mga unang kabihasnan

Naiuugnay ang heograpiyang pisikal sa paglinang ng mga unang kabihasnan

Nasusuri ang pagsulong ng mga unang kabihasnan sa Asia (Summer/mesopotamia,
Indus at China), Africa (Egypt), South-America (Aztec, Maya at Inca)

Napahahalagahan ang kontribusyon sa daigdig ngmga unang kabihasnan

II. Ang Daigdig sa Panahon ng Transisyon

KASAYSAYANNGNAIC
PANAHONNGESPANYOL
Angmgaika16atika17siglo,sakasaysayanngNaicaysumasalaminsakungpapaano
nagpasalinsalinangpagmamayariatkasakupanglupasaNaic.Naritoangmgatalang
ipinamigaysamgakilalangManilenyoangmgalupangsumasaklawsaNaic;paglilipatari
salupa;pagpapamanasamgaanakngisangHeneralEsguerranglupangnapasakamay;
pagbebentanglupangnamana;atpagkapuntanglupasamgaHeswita.Pumapaloobdin
sapanahongitoangpaghiwalayngMaragondonsabayangmatrisnaSilang,atpagiging
ganapnabayanngunangnasabinglugar.
HabangbaryonaangNaicngMaragondon,atginawanangasyendanoong1693,ganap
namangitinatagangisangkomunidadsabahagingMuzonbilangsityonoong1758.Ang
Naicsapagpapatuloyngika18sigloaynaukolsapaglawaknglupangsaklawatpagdami
ngbahayan.Kayanaman,sahindinanapigilpangpaglakingpopulasyon,
napagpasyahannanggawingbayanangNaicnoong1791.Dahilannamansakalapitan
ngkomunidadsaMuzonsaPoblasyonngMaragondon,napagkaisahangilipatang
komunidadsaMuzonsamasmalayongbahagingNaic.Taong1798,manumanong
inilipatangmgabahay,hayopatibapangkagamitansaImusngAwa.Ginapasang
madawagnapaglilipatan,itinaboyangmababangisnahayop,gumawangmgadaan,at
itinatagangbagongkomunidad:ito,magpasahanggangngayon,angPoblasyonat
kabayananngNaic.
HabangpanahonngEspanyaangtinatalakaynayugto,maisasamarinsatalangitoang
tulisanismobilangpangunahingkalabanngpamahalaangkolonyal.Bilangpagtugon,
gayangminsangisinagawasaNaic,konsentrasyonorekonsentrasyonangginawang
kasagutanngpamahalaansasuliranin.PanahonngpanunungkulanniJuanVillaflor
bilangGobernadorcillo,nagpalabasangPamahalaangProbinsyalngkautusanupang
magkaroonngkonsentrasyonsaNaic.Angmgabahaynoonnanasamgabaryoay
inilipatlahatsakabayanan.Tumagalangpagtitipongitonangisangtaon.Sapanahonng
konsentrasyon,angmgamagsasakangasyendangNaicaymakaaalislamangsabayan
A
AN NG GK
KA AT TI IP PU UN NA AN N
IsangbahagingpintaCarlos"Botong"Franciscona
nagpapakitangsaduguanngmgakasapingKatipunan
AngKKK
Ang Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) o

Katipunan,ayisanglihimnasamahannaitinatagnoong1892upangitaguyodangkaisipang
makabayanatrebolusyonaryosamgaPilipino.Layuninngsamahannasugpuinangpatuloy
na pagmamalabis at di makataong pamumuno ng mga Espanyol sa Pilipinas tungo sa
pagkakamitngkasarinlanngbansa.
KAWASAKISYMDROME
Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, causes inflammation
of blood vessels throughout the body. What causes Kawasaki disease is not clear. Some
researchersbelieveitisaninfection,othersanautoimmunedisorderstimulatedbyaninfection
or exposure to an environmental toxin. Most cases of Kawasaki disease (80 percent) occur in
children younger than four years old, but occasionally it may occur in very young infants or
adolescents.ChildrenofAsianethnicityareathigherriskfordevelopingthedisease.
The inflammation caused by the disease can lead to coronary aneurysm and heart attack,
making Kawasaki disease the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in
developed countries. Up to 25 percent of children with untreated disease will develop heart
problems. Fortunately, only 510 percent of children with Kawasaki disease who are treated
beforethetenthdayofillnesswilldevelopheartdisease.
KINAGISNANGBALON
(niAndresCristobalCruz)
SinasabingwalanglampinsapurokngTibagnahindinilabhansatubignasinasaloksamalalim,
malaki'tmatandangbalon.
Sinasabing walang nagluto ng pagkain at naghugas ng kinainan sa Tibag na hindi gumamit ng

tubigsabalongiyon.
Sinasabingwalang naligosaTibagnahindinagbuhosngmalinisatmalamignatubignasiyang
biyayangmatandangbalongtisa.
Anupa'tmasasabingwalangisinilangatinilibingnatagaTibagnahindiuminomobinindisyunan
ngtubignagalingsakanilangbalon.
Kungiisipin,masasabirinnaangbuhayatkamatayanngmgatagaTibagaynasabalongiyon.
Mahalaga nga ang balon, ngunit ang bagay na ito'y hindi nila pinaguukulang masyado ng
pansin. Sa kanila, ang balon ay bahagi ng kanilang buhay at kapaligiran,bahagi na ng kanilang
KINDS OF ORCHIDS

Many people are surprised to find that orchids grow in all the continents except
Antarctica. They can be found from the Arctic to the Equator, from here to
west contents.

The family of Orchids contains more species than any other family of plants;
some estimates are now close to 35,000 genera. Yet, interestingly enough
there are essentially two types of orchids or types of growth patterns,
monopodial and sympodial. Most orchids fall into one or the other category and
none of them appear to be a mix of the two. While orchids are readily
hybridized between many different genera of orchids, apparently they are no
crosses that cross this line of this type of orchid.

Essentially there are two different types of orchids and they are called
monopodial and sympodial. Knowing whether the orchid you have is
monopodial or sympodial is important because this information will help you
know how to grow it properly re-bloom it successfully and also gives you clues
as to how to propagate the plant.

KWAKIUTLTRIBE
THELITHOSPHERE

ThetectonicplatesoftheEarth'slithosphere.
Thelithosphere(from the Greek for "rocky" sphere) is the solid, outermost shell of a
rockyplanet.InthecaseoftheEarth,thelithosphereincludesthecrustandtheupperlayerof
themantlethat is joined to the crust. The lithosphere contains a rich variety of minerals. In
addition,itcontinuallyinteractswiththeatmosphereandhydrosphere.
TheEarth'slithosphereprovidesuswiththe"terrafirma"onwhichwelive.Tosustainourlives,
weneedaccesstoair,water,soil,andsunlight,andweneedtheecosystemscreatedbyplants
and animals. The lithosphere gives us access to all of these simultaneously. While dwelling on
thelithosphere,wearesurroundedbyair,receivetheSun'sheatandlight,andhaveaccessto
freshwater and various minerals that we use for our domestic, agricultural, and industrial
activities.
Platetectonics
Informingthelithosphere,theEarth'scrustanduppermantleareattachedtoeachother,but
they differ in chemical composition. The boundary that marks this change in chemical
compositionisknownastheMohoroviidiscontinuity(ortheMohodiscontinuity).
Thus the distinguishing characteristic of the lithosphere is not its composition but its flow
properties.Itfloatsontheasthenosphere,whichistheheatsoftenedlayerofthemantlebelow
the lithosphere. The lithosphere is fragmented into relatively strong pieces calledtectonic
plates, which move independently relative to one another. This movement of lithospheric
platesovertheasthenosphereisdescribedasplatetectonics.

AGYU
(EpikongManobo)
(Monobo)
Ang pinanggagalingan ng kabuhayan ng mga Ilianon ay pangongolekta ng sera. Ipinapalit nila

ang sera sa mga Moro, sa kanilang mga pangunahing pangangailangan tulad ng palay, asin at
asukal. Nagkaroon ng di pagkakaunawaan si Agyu at ang datu ng mga Moro dahil sa
pagkakautangnilangisangdaangtambakngsera.Upangmaiwasanangmadugonglabanan,si
AgyuatangkaniyangpamilyaayumalissaAyumanatpumuntangIlian.Ngunithindihahayaan
ngmgaMoronamamuhaysilangpayapa.Sinundannilaangmgaitoupangpatayinsiyaatang
kanyang pamilya. Lumaban si Agyu at ang kanyang pamilya ng buong tapang at lumabas na
panalosalabansamgaMoro.PagkataposngtagumpayaynaisipniAgyunalisaninangIlianat
pumuntangBundokngPinamatun.Doonaynagtayosilangmgabahaysapaananngbundok.
IsangarawaypumuntasiAgyusabundokngSandawaupangmanghulingbaboyramo.Umuwi
siyanadalaangkanyanghulihabangangkanyangkapatidnalalakinasiLonoatmgakapatidna
babaing sina Yambungan at Ikwagan ay nakahanap ng pulot pukyutan. Hinati nila ang baboy
ramoatpulotpukyutansakanilaatsakanilangmgaalipin.
Bakitayawmongkumuhangkarneatpulotparasaiyo,atsaiyongasawasaAyuman,Banlak?
tanong ni citeAgyu/cite sa kanyang kapatid na lalaki. Ang asawa ni Banlak na si Mungan ay
naiwansaAyumansapagkatnagkaroonitongketong.
Mga Pangkat Etniko ng Pilipino
Ang mga yamang tao ng bansang Pilipinas ay ang kanyang mamamayan. Pilipino ang
tawag sa kanila. Ngunit iba't iba ang pangkat na kanilang kinabibilangan. Iba't iba rin ang
tawag sa kanila. Ang mga Ita ay isa sa mga ninuno. Tinatawag din silang Negrito, Ayta o
Baluga. Karaniwang nainirahan sila sa Luzon. Ito ay sa mga bundok ng Zambales,
Quezon, Laguna at Cagayan. May naninirahan din sa mga bundok ng Panay at Negros.
Tulad ng mga Ita, ang mga Ifugao at Kalinga ay sa Luzon din naninirahan. Matatagpuan
sila sa Mountain Province. Ang mga Ifugao ang nagtayo ng tanyag na hagdan-hagdang
palayan dalawang libong taon na ang nakakaraan.
Ang isa pang pangkat ng Pilipino sa Luzon ay ang mga Ilokano. Karaniwang nakatira sila
sa bandang hilaga ng Luzon. Ngunit may mga Ilokano rin sa ibang bahagi ng Visayas at
Mindanao. Naninirahan sila sa nga lugar na ito upang maghanapbuhay, mangalakal, o
mag-asawa. Matitipid at masisipag sila. Matatagpuan naman sa kalagitnaan at katimugan
ng Luzon ang mga Tagalog. Sila ang pangalawa sa pinakamalaking pangkat ng Kristiano
sa Pilipinas.
Kilala rin ang mga Mangyan sa Luzon. Matatagpuan sila sa pulo ng Mindoro. Karamihan
sa kanila ay may panlabas na anyo at paraan ng pamumuhay na payak at tulad pa rin ng
ating mga ninuno. Iba-iba rin ang pangkat ng Pilipino sa mha pulo ng Visayas. Isa na rito
ang mga Cebuano na may pinakamalaking pangkat na nasabing rehiyon. Kilala sila sa
katutubong awit na "Matud Nila" at sayaw na Rosas Pandan.
Taga-Visayas din ang mga Ilonggo. Kilala naman sila sa katutubong awit na Dandansoy
at sayaw na Cariosa.
Mga Waray naman ang pangkat ng Pilipino sa Mindanao. ang ilan sa mga ito ay ang mga
Badjao, Maranao, Tausug, Tiboli, at Manobo.
Nakatira sa baybay-dagat ang mga Badjao. Matatagpuan sila mula Zamboanga hanggang
Sulu. Pangingisda ang pangunahing hanap-buhay nila.
Ang pangkat ng mga Tiboli ay naninirahan sa Cotabato. Pagsasaka ang pangunahing
ikina-bubuhay nila.
Pangkat Etniko sa Luzon
Aeta
Matatagpuan ang pangkat ng mga aeta sa halos lahat ng dako ng kapuluan. May ibat iba
silang pangalan sa ibat ibang lugar. Higit silang marami sa Luzon. Aeta o Ayta ang
tawag sa kanila sa hilagang Luzon. Ibuked naman ang tawag sa mga aetang nakatira nang
malayo sa mga kapatagan. Sa Kofun, Diango, Paranan at Assao sa Cagayan, Ugsig at
THE MUSCLES

Classifications
Muscles can be classified in the following ways:
Skeletal muscle - this muscle is called striated or stripey muscle, because it
looks striped under a microscope. Skeletal muscle is a voluntary muscle.
Cardiac muscle - situated in the walls of the heart. It is striated and
involuntary.
Smooth muscle - found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels and the
digestive, reproductive and urinary systems. Does not have the stripes found in
skeletal muscle. This type of muscle is important in veins as it pushes blood
back towards the heart. It is non-striated and involuntary.
Muscle comprises 40-50% of a person's total body weight.
Characteristics
Excitability - the ability of the muscle to react to stimulus eg reacting when you
touch something hot.
Contractility - the ability to become shorter and thicker.
Extensibility - the ability to become longer and thinner.
Elasticity - the ability to return to its original shape after extending or
contracting.
Functions
Motion
Maintaining posture
Producing heat (approx 85% of body heat)
Note: Superficial muscle lies closer to the surface, can be seen when contracted and
causes movement. Muscles that lie below the superficial muscles are called deep
muscles.
Types of muscle contractions
When a muscle is stimulated, the fibres tighten. The muscle can either shorten
(concentric), stay the same length (isometric) or lengthen (eccentric).
Concentric - muscle shortens but tension remains the same, eg contracting
biceps causes flexion at elbow.
TARATENA
By:SamConcepcion
Hmmn..oohh..hey...yeah..
Tenahalinatsabayan
Bagongusoaysimulan
Oh!dapatlangkabataan
Orasmonangmakialam
Refrain:
okakabakabakabakabataan
Mgakatropatayona
Wagngumurongsulongpa
Buongloobsumamana
Chorus:
Taratena,tarasimulanmona
Tenabagongpagasa
Taratena,okabataananggalingnaman
Simulanpagbabagosabayan
Taratena,
tarawagkakabakaba
Tena,oomaylabanka
Galingan,sipagan,paghusayan,panawagan,kabataan
Taratena.
Maaasahankadito
Mahusayangideyamo
Pakitamongmarunongka
Bayansayo'yumaasa
Repeatref.
Repeatchorus.
Bridge:
Tayonatarana
Gamitinangtalinomosatunaynapagbabago
Taranatayona
Tawagsadiyosisamakamakakamtanmalapitna
Tayonatarana
Taranatayona
Ohtaratenasumamamalapitna
Makakamtanpagbabagosabayanna
Repeatchorus(4x)
NEW SCIENCE DISCOVERIES

Meteorite Holds Clues to Organic Chemistry of Earl y Earth

Carbonaceous chondrites are a
type of organic-rich meteorite
that contain samples of the
materials that took part in the
creation of our planets nearly 4.6
billion years ago, including
materials that were likely formed
before our Solar System was
created and may have been
crucial to the formation of life on
Earth. The complex suite of
organic materials found in
carbonaceous chondrites can
vary substantially from meteorite
to meteorite.

A specimen of the Tagish Lake Meteorite about 10 cm in its
longest dimension.
(Credit: Michael Holly, Creative Services, University of
Alberta)

Temperature Tracking Device for Packages May Have Climate
Metrology Applications

National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST)
researchers are working to
reduce the uncertainty
associated with climate-change
measurements using a mobile
temperature-sensing technology
made for tracking delicate or
perishable, high-value packages
in transit. Developed by
international shipper FedEx and
tested with help from NIST, the
device connects to cell phone
networks to provide users with
near real-time information on the
package's precise location,
temperature, humidity, pressure,
acceleration, elevation and
exposure to light.

Developed by international shipper FedEx and tested with
help from NIST, the Senseaware device connects to cell
phone networks to provide users with near real-time
information on a packages precise location, temperature,
humidity, pressure, acceleration, elevation and exposure to
light. NIST researchers plan to deploy the technology as part
of a pilot project to monitor and improve climate
measurements. (Credit: Strouse/NIST)

ONEDAYMENU
BREAKFAST
Apple
FriedRice
Bacon
Milk

PAALAMSAPAGKABATA
(KUWENTO/CEBUANO)
SalinniNazarenoD.Bassa
PanamilitsaKabantanonniSantiagoPepito
Wala akong nakikitang pagbabago. Tulad nang nagdaang mga madalingaraw: ang ginaw,
katahimikan,dilimiyondinangbumubuongdaigdigngakingkamalayan.Maramingbagayang
dapatmailarawan.Ngunitalamkongiisalamangangkahuluganngmgaiyon.Alamko.
Sakabilangsilid,sakuwartoninaNanayatTatay,naririnigkoangpigilnapaghikbi.Umiiyakna
naman si Nanay. Ang sunudsunod na paghikbi ay tila pandagdag sa kalungkutan ng daigdig.
Napabuntonghininga ako. Umiilingiling. Hanggang ngayon hindi ko pa nakikita ang tunay na
dahilanngdamdamingiyonnamatagalnangumalipinsakanya.
Walangmalinawsaakingisipan.Mulasaakingpagkamulatangpagkainipaykakambalngaking
buhay.Saakingpagiisadikomaiwasanangpangarapnamagkaroonngbatangkapatidnanag
aangkin ng mabangong hininga at taglay ang ngiti ng isang anghel. Ngunit ang damdamin koy
tilatigangnalupangpinagkaitanngulan.
Maliwanag na ang silangan nang akoy bumangon. May bago na namang umaga. Ngunit ang
tanawinsabahayaywalangpagbabago.Tuladngdati,nakikitakosiNanaynanakaupoatnag
iisipsamayhagdanan.NakatitigsiyasasampayannglambatniTatay.Atmadalasangkanyang
pagbubuntonghininga.
Matagal ko nang nakikita ang sampay na lambat. Ngunit hindi ko nakikitang itoy ginagamit ni
Tatay. Noon ay walang halaga ito sa akin. Nagsimula ang pagpansin ko sa lambat noong itoy
itinapon ni Nanay mga dalawang taon na ang nakakaraan. Galit na galit si Tatay sa ginawa ni
Nanay.PinagbuhatanniTatayngkamaysiNanay.PagkataposipinabalikkayNanayanglambat
sasampayan.
MGAPATAKARANGPANGKABUHAYANNGMGAESPANYOLSAPILIPINAS
Ang pananakop ng mga Espanyol ay nagdulot ng pagbabago sa buhay ng mga Pilipino.
Marami silang ipinatupad na mga patakaran sa kolonya. Dahil gusto ng mga Espanyol na
mapakinabangan ang likas na yaman at yamang tao ng Pilipinas, nagpatupad sila ng mga
patakarang pangkabuhayan. Ang mga patakarang ito ay nagpayaman sa mga Espanyol ngunit
nagingdahilanngpaghihirapngmgaPilipino.
BuwisoTributo
Angbuwisaysalapingsinisingilparamagamitsapagpapatakbongpamahalaan.Itoaydapat
gamitinparasapagpapanatilingkaligtasanngbansaatsapagpapatayongmgapaaralan,hospital
atibapangimprastrukturagayangmgatulayatdaan.Datiay8reales(katumbasngpisongayon)
angbuwisnakailanganbayaransaloobngisangtaon.
AngpatakarangitoayhindinabagosamgaPilipinodahilginagawananilaitonoonsamga
datu ng barangay. Gayunpaman, ito ay naging instrumento ngpangaapi ng mga Espanyol sa mga
Pilipino.
MagandaanglayuninngmgaEspanyolsapaniningilngbuwisperonagpagalitatnagpahirap
lamang sa ating mga ninuno ang pangaabuso ng mga nangongolekta ng buwis dahil madalas ay
sobra silang maningil at ang buwis na dapat ay magamit para sa mga mamamayan ay napupunta
lamangsabulsangmgasakimnaopisyalngpamahalaan.
Bandala
Sapilitang binibili ng mga Espanyol ang mga produkto ng mga magsasaka. Sistemang
bandala ang tawag dito. Ang mga produkto ay binibili ng pamahalaan sa murang halaga. Madalas
ayhindipanababayaran.
SistemangKasama
Sa sistemang kasama, ang mayari ng lupain ay kadalasang Espanyol. Tinatawag siyang
haciendero. Ang lupang sakahan lamang ang kontribusyon ng haciendero. Ang kasama o
magsasakangmagtatanimsalupainanggagastosparasakagamitan,hayopatpatabasapagsasaka.
Madalas, pagdating ng anihan, mas maliit ang kita ng kasama kahit na siya ang naghirap sa
pagsasaka.
PolooSapilitangPaggawa
Isa pang patakarang ipinatupad ng mga Espanyol ay ang polo o sapilitang paggawa. Sa
patakarang ito, pilit na pinagtatrabaho ang mga lalaking 16 hanggang 60 taong gulang. Polista ng
tawagsamgalalakingnagtatrabahoparasapamahalaan.Kailangannilangmagsilbisapamahalaan
sa pamamagitan ng pagtatayo ng mga tulay, simbahan, at paggawa ng mga malalaking barko sa
loobng40araw.
MakaliligtaslamangsapoloangisangPilipinokungkayaniyangmagbayadngfalla.Angfalla
ang multa kapalit ng kanyang hindi paglilingkod. Pero dahil sa kahirapan ay konti lamang ang
nakakapagbayadngfalla.
Maraming mga polista ang nahiwalay sa kanilang mga pamilya dahil sa pagtatrabaho sa
malalayonglugar.NapabayaandinngmgalalakiangpagsasakadahilkasabayngPoloangpanahon
ngpagtatanimatanihan.
PASTRYANDBREAD
PASTRY
Pastry is the name given to various kinds of baked products made from ingredients such as
flour,sugar,milk,butter,shortening,bakingpowder,and/oreggs.Smalltartsandothersweet
bakedproductsarecalled"pastries."
Pastrymayalsorefertothedoughfromwhichsuchbakedproductsaremade.Pastrydoughis
rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked products. Common pastry dishes include pies,
tarts,quichesandpasties.
BREAD
Bread is a staple food prepared by cooking a dough of flour and water and often additional
ingredients,suchasbutterorsalttoimprovethetaste.
Bread is the staple food in Europe, Europeanderived cultures such as the Americas, and the
MiddleEastandNorthAfrica,asopposedtoEastAsiawhosestapleisrice.
DIFFERENCEOFPASTRYANDBREAD
Pastryisdifferentiatedfrombreadbyhavingahigherfatcontent,whichcontributestoaflaky
or crumbly texture. A good pastry is light and airy and fatty, but firm enough to support the
weightofthefilling.Whenmakingashortcrustpastry,caremustbetakentoblendthefatand
flour thoroughly before adding any liquid. This ensures that the flour granules are adequately
coatedwithfatandlesslikelytodevelopgluten.Ontheotherhand,overmixingresultsinlong
gluten strands that toughen the pastry. In other types of pastry, such as Danish pastry and
croissants,thecharacteristicflakytextureisachievedbyrepeatedlyrollingoutadoughsimilar
tothatfor yeast bread,spreading it withbutter, and folding ittoproduce many thinlayersof
folds.
Anotherdifferenceistheraisingagent.Apastry(patisserie)isasmallcakeortart,usuallymade
withbakingpowder.Bread(viennoiserie)suchascroissantsorpainsauchocolatisraisedwith
yeast.
PIE
Pieisatypeofpastry.Apieisabakeddishwhichisusuallymadeofapastrydoughcasingthat
coversorcompletelycontainsafillingofvarioussweetorsavouryingredients.
Piesaredefinedbytheircrusts.Afilledpie(alsosinglecrustorbottomcrust),haspastrylining
the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry, but left open. A topcrust pie,
which may also be called a cobbler, has the filling in the bottom of the dish and the filling
coveredwithapastryorothercoveringbeforebaking.Atwocrustpiehasthefillingcompletely
enclosedinthepastryshell.Flakypastryisatypicalkindofpastryusedforpiecrusts,butmany
thingscanbeused,includingbakingpowderbiscuits,mashedpotatoes,andcrumbs.
Piescanbeavarietyofsizes,rangingfrombitesizetoonesdesignedformultipleservings.
FARM PESTS CONTROL

1. Mechanical controls: Should a pest reach an unacceptable level, mechanical
methods are the first options to consider. They include simple hand-picking, erecting
insect barriers, using traps, vacuuming, and tillage to disrupt breeding.

a. Insect barriers

b. Covering of bags in individual
fruits this is to protect fruits
from bugs

PHYSIOCRAT
Member of a school of economics, founded in 18thcentury France, that held that

government should not interfere with the operation of natural economic laws. Generally
regardedasthefirstscientificschoolofeconomics,thephysiocraticschool(thenamerefers
totheruleofnature)wasfoundedbyFranoisQuesnay,whodemonstratedtheeconomic
relation between a workshop and a farm and asserted that the farm alone added to a
nation'swealth.
Landandagriculturewerethereforebelievedtobethesourceofallwealth.Thephysiocrats
envisaged a society in which written law would be in harmony with natural law. They
pictured a predominantly agricultural society, attacking mercantilism for its emphasis on
manufacturing andforeign trade and its mass of economic regulations.Quesnay's disciples
includedVictorRiqueti,countdeMirabeau,andPierreSamuelduPontdeNemours(1739
1817). The school was in decline by 1768, and after the dismissal of a sympathetic
comptroller general in 1776 the leading physiocrats were exiled. Though many of their
theories, notably their theory of wealth, were later demolished, their introduction of
scientificmethodtoeconomicshadapermanenteffectonthediscipline.
CLASSICIST
Anadvocateorfollowerofclassicism.
Oneversedintheclassics;aclassicalscholar.
Anadherentofclassicism.
AnadvocateofthestudyofancientGreekandLatin.
classicism, an attitude to literature that is guided by admiration of the qualities of formal

balance,proportion,decorum,andrestraintattributedtothemajorworksofancientGreek
and Roman literature (the classics) in preference to the irregularities of later vernacular
literatures, and especially (since about 1800) to the artistic liberties proclaimed by
Romanticism. A classic is a work of the highest class, and has also been taken to mean a
work suitable for study in school classes. During and since the Renaissance, these
overlapping meanings came to be applied to (and to be virtually synonymous with) the
writingsofmajorGreekandRomanauthorsfromHomertoJuvenal,whichwereregardedas
unsurpassed models of excellence. The adjective classical, usually applied to this body of
writings,hassincebeenextendedtooutstandinglycreativeperiodsofotherliteratures:the
17thcenturymayberegardedastheclassicalageofFrenchliterature,andthe19thcentury
theclassicalperiodoftheWesternnovel,whilethefinestfictionoftheUnitedStatesinthe
mid19th century from Cooper to Twain was referred to by D. H. Lawrence as Classic
AmericanLiterature(despitetheoppositionbetweenclassicalandromanticviewsofart,
a romantic work can now still be a classic). A classical style or approach to literary
composition is usually one that imitates Greek or Roman models in subjectmatter (e.g.
Greeklegends)orinform(bytheadoptionofgenresliketragedy,epic,ode,orversesatire),
or both. As a literary doctrine, classicism holds that the writer must be governed by rules,
models, or conventions, rather than by wayward inspiration: in its most strictly codified
PICKINGTHEMEDIUMOFINSTRUCTION
ByNapoleonG.Rama
Theprimarypurposeofaschoolistoprovideefficientlygoodeducationtothestudent.Thus,whenitcomesto
choosingamediumofinstruction,thefirstquestioniswhatmediumeducatesthestudentbetterandfaster.
Ofcourse,therearesomewhowillnotacceptthesefundamentalpremises.Onereasonisthatseeminglythey
cannottellthedifferencebetweenhowtoteachandwhattoteach.
Indeterminingthemediumofinstruction,wemustlookforthelanguagethatwouldprovideourstudentsthebest
educationandthegreatestopportunityofenhancingthateducationaftergraduationandenablethemtolearn
faster.Schoolismostlypreparationforfurthereducationtocopewithlifeafterschool.
Whenwetalkaboutmediumofinstruction,wetalkaboutmethodofteaching.Hence,itsamatterofwhat
languageofinstructionwouldequipthestudentswithabetter,morevaluableeducation,moreeffectively.
ItsourcontentionherethatmasteringEnglish,thenetproductofEnglishasourmediumofinstruction,makesthe
Filipinostudentsbettereducated.Weneednotgofar.WeneednotevenusetheargumentthatEnglishisthe
languageoftheworld.WewouldjustpointoutthatalmostalllibrariesinthecountryarefilledwithEnglishbooks.
TheencyclopediashaveyettobetranslatedtoPhilippinelanguages.TheclassicshereareinEnglishorSpanish.
SOLARSYSTEM
OursolarsystemconsistsofanaveragestarwecalltheSun,theplanetsMercury,Venus,Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellites of the planets;
numerouscomets,asteroids,andmeteoroids;andtheinterplanetarymedium.
TheSunistherichestsourceofelectromagneticenergy(mostlyintheformofheatandlight)in
the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima
Centauri,atadistanceof4.3lightyearsaway.Thewholesolarsystem,togetherwiththelocal
stars visible on a clear night, orbits the center of our home galaxy, a spiral disk of 200 billion
starswecalltheMilkyWay.TheMilkyWayhastwosmallgalaxiesorbitingitnearby,whichare
visiblefromthesouthernhemisphere.TheyarecalledtheLargeMagellanicCloudandtheSmall
MagellanicCloud.ThenearestlargegalaxyistheAndromedaGalaxy.Itisaspiralgalaxylikethe
MilkyWaybutis4timesasmassiveandis2millionlightyearsaway.Ourgalaxy,oneofbillions
ofgalaxiesknown,istravelingthroughintergalacticspace.
The planets, most of the satellites of the planets and the asteroids revolve around the Sun in
the same direction, in nearly circular orbits. When looking down from above the Sun's north
pole,theplanetsorbitinacounterclockwisedirection.TheplanetsorbittheSuninornearthe
sameplane,calledtheecliptic.Plutoisaspecialcaseinthatitsorbitisthemosthighlyinclined
(18degrees)andthemosthighlyellipticalofalltheplanets.Becauseofthis,forpartofitsorbit,
PlutoisclosertotheSunthanisNeptune.Theaxisofrotationformostoftheplanetsisnearly
perpendicular to the ecliptic. The exceptions are Uranus and Pluto, which are tipped on their
sides.
Earth
Venus
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
DwarfPlanet
Universe
Asteroids
Sun
Ecliptic
Pluto
PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE IN THE PHILIPPINE

Probability

Problem: A spinner has 4 equal sectors colored yellow, blue, green
and red. What are the chances of landing on blue after
spinning the spinner? What are the chances of landing on
red?

Solution: The chances of landing on blue are 1 in 4, or one fourth.
The chances of landing on red are 1 in 4, or one fourth.

This problem asked us to find some probabilities involving a spinner. Let's look at some definitions
and examples from the problem above.

Definition Example
An experiment is a situation involving chance
or probability that leads to results called
outcomes.
In the problem above, the experiment is
spinning the spinner.
An outcome is the result of a single trial of an
experiment.
The possible outcomes are landing on yellow,
blue, green or red.
An event is one or more outcomes of an
experiment.
One event of this experiment is landing on blue.
Probability is the measure of how likely an
event is.
The probability of landing on blue is one fourth.

In order to measure probabilities, mathematicians have devised the following formula for finding
the probability of an event.

Probability Of An Event
P(A) =
The Number Of Ways Event A Can Occur
The total number Of Possible Outcomes

The probability of event A is the number of ways event A can occur divided by the
total number of possible outcomes. Let's take a look at a slight modification of the problem from
the top of the page.

Tiramisu Layer Cake

"Fancy taste without all the work. This cake is wonderful for a get together or just a special occasion at home.
Using a box cake mix as a base it's a real time saver!" bettina
I ngredi ents:

Original recipe makes 1 - 3 layer 9 inch cake

Cake:
1 (18.25 ounce) package moist white cake mix
1 teaspoon instant coffee powder
1/4 cup coffee
1 tablespoon coffee flavored liqueur

Filling:
1 (8 ounce) container mascarpone cheese
1/2 cup confectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons coffee flavored liqueur

Frosting:
2 cups heavy cream
1/4 cup confectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons coffee flavored liqueur

Garnish:
2 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
1 (1 ounce) square semisweet chocolate

Si Rogelio Sicat Sa Estilo ng Pagkatha

Ni Marvin Einstein S. Mejaro

Introduksiyon:

Paano nga ba nagsisimula ang isang manunulat? Kailan masasabi naging katha na ang isang
obra? O dili naman, paano masasabi na kailangan pa itong higpitan o banatin, nang sa gayon, ay
mas makayas ng mabuti ang tema, banghay, istruktura, tinig, tono, diyalogo, karakter, at ibat iba
pang sangkap ng isang kuwento? Maraming kuwento kung paanong marami rin namang estilo
sa paggawa nito. Ayon nga kay Gabriel Garcia Marquez, sa edad na dalawaput tatlo, natutunan
na niya ang ibat ibang paraan (techne) na dapat na malaman sa pagkatha dahil lamang sa
pagbabasa ng samut saring kuwento.
Sa simula, aasat sususo ang isang baguhang manunulat sa estilo ng iba. Hindi masama ang
bagay na ito. Kaya lamang, darating ang panahon na dapat mahanap na ng isang manunulat ang
sariling estilo. Kailangan niyang mabatid ang tonot himig niya sa pagkatha. Madugo ang
prosesong ito. Kung tutuusin, madaling magsulat sa paraan ng iba. Ngunit ito ang tunay na
hamon sa lahat ng manunulat: ang takasan ang anino ng kanyang mga impluwensiya at maging
orihinal. Ang pagiging orihinal ang siyang magiging tatak niya bilang manunulat. May mga
nakatatakas sa hamong ito; kaya lamang, sabi nga ni Rio Alma, mas marami ang nagiging bitag
magpakailanman at hindi na nakaaalis sa gubat ng mga impluwensiya.
Isa si Rogelio Sicat (1940 2002) sa mga pinaka-orihinal na manunulat sa Filipino. Kabilang
sa kanyang mga naisulat na nanalo sa Palanca Awards for Literature ang Impeng Negro
(1962), Tata Selo (1963), Mga Kaluluwang Naghahanap (1966), Moses, Moses (1969), at
Saan Papunta ang Paruparo (1970).
Katuwang rin sina Efren Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordoez, Ave Perez Jacob, at
Edgardo Bautista Reyes, sabay-sabay nilang pinasimulan ang isang koleksiyong ng mga
maiikling kuwentong pinamagatang Mga Agos ng Disyerto (1965). Itinuturing ito ngayon na
isa sa mga pangunahing libro na nagpabago sa katha (fiction) sa Filipino. Naging pagsalunga
ang koleksiyong ito sa nooy uniporme at limitadong paraan ng paggawa ng katha na karaniwang
matatagpuan sa magasing Liwayway.
Bukod dito, nagkaroon rin ng bagong paraan ng pagkatha lalo na sa kuwentong realismo sa
Filipino. Iba ang mga paksa na naisulat sa Mga Agos ng Disyerto (1965), malayo sa
kuwentong mababasa sa Liwayway. Sa katunayan, inayawan ng Liwayway ang kuwento ni Sicat
na Tata Selo (1963), kung saan siya naging tanyag, at kinailangan pa niyang ilipat ito sa The
Quezonian, ang opisyal na pahayagan ng Manila L. Quezon University (MLQU). Kalaunan,
nanalo ang Tata Selo (1963) ng pangalawang gantimpala sa maikling kuwento noong taong
ding iyon sa Palanca, at naisalin na ngayon sa ibat ibang lengguwahe pati na sa Russo.
Magandang itanong ngayon: Sino ang naging pangunahing impluwensiya ni Sicat upang
matutunan ang sariling estilo? Ano ang mga ilang paraan niya sa pagsusulat ng katha? At paano
nga ba maging orihinal sa paggawa ng katha, maging orihinal na kuwentista?

SCANDINAVIANDESIGN
Scandinavian design emerged in the 1950s in the three Scandinavian countries (Denmark,
Norway and Sweden), as well as Finland. It is a design movement characterized by simple
designs,minimalism,functionality,andlowcostmassproduction.
The Lunning Prize, awarded to outstanding Scandinavian designers between 1951 and 1970,
wasinstrumentalinbothmakingScandinaviandesignarecognizedcommodity,andindefining
theprofile of Scandinavian design. Since 2006,the traditionof apanNordic design award has
beenresumedwiththeForumAIDAward.

ABSTRACT

Electricity comes in many forms, but in reality, electric charge is form through an
interaction of the sub-atomic level of matter. In many substances, including human being
which produces static electricity, electric charges are present with varying degree.

In our current situation, with the depletion of the main source of power energy -- which
is oil from the middle-east, we are experiencing a steady rise of electric bills. And this problem
affects all of us that depend on electricity whose source is from non-renewable energy.

In a situation like this, we should think of a solution of using alternate source of power
from renewable energy source which is both easy to produce and non harmful to the
environment when disposed.

We often consume too much power in our kitchen area, but, dont you know that the
one of the solutions to our increasing demand for energy can also be found in our kitchens?

We would like to present through this research a good source of energy that can be
found in our own home. It is the common potato that is usually an ingredient to our many
dishes. If you think that potato is just an ordinary vegetable, then, you are wrong. A small
potato is not just nutritious, but is also packed with an energy enough to generate an electric
charge of 0.2 flowing electricity. So, if a small potato can generate only 0.2 flowing electricity,
how much electricity can a big potato generate? How many potatoes are we going to use just
to power our common appliances like a computer which consumes 2.42 electricity? And these
questions we are hoping to answer.

Our other intention is for this project to help parents alleviate their problems on the
increasing electrical bills, and to encourage others to use renewable energy from natural
resources to lessen their electric consumption.

So, we hope that this investigatory project would be successful.
TypesofUVRadiation
Thestratosphericozonelayerscreensoutmuchof
thesunsharmfulUVrays.
Scientists classify UV radiation into three types or

bandsUVA, UVB, and UVC. The ozone layer
absorbs some, but not all, of these types of UV
radiation:
UVA: Wavelength: 320400 nm. Not

absorbedbytheozonelayer.
UVB: Wavelength: 290320 nm. Mostly

absorbed by the ozone layer, but some
doesreachtheEarthssurface.
UVC: Wavelength: 100290 nm.

Completely absorbed by the ozone layer
andatmosphere.
UVA and UVB

radiation that
reaches the Earths
surface contributes
to the serious health
effects listed above;
it also contributes to
environmental
impacts. Levels of
UVA radiation are
more constant than
UVB, reaching the
Earths surface
without variations
due to the time of
day or year. In
addition, UVA
radiation is not
filteredbyglass.
UV Levels Depend on
aNumberofFactors
The level of UV
radiation reaching
theEarthssurfacecanvary.Eachofthefollowing
factors can increase your risk of UV radiation
overexposureandconsequenthealtheffects.
StratosphericOzoneLayer
The amount of UV rays the ozone layer absorbs

varies depending on the time of year and other
natural events. Additionally, the ozone layer is
thinnerthanitusedtobeduetoozonedepleting
chemicals used in industry and consumer
d t Th h i l b i h d t
TimeofDay
The sun is highest in the sky around noon. At this

time, the suns rays have the least distance to
travelthroughtheatmosphereandUVBlevelsare
at their highest. In the early morning and late
afternoon, the suns rays pass through the
atmosphere at an angle and their intensity is
greatlyreduced.
TimeofYear
The suns angle varies with the seasons, causing

the intensity of UV rays to change. UV intensity
tendstobehighestinthesummer.
Latitude
Thesunsraysarestrongestattheequator,where
the sun is most directly overhead and UV rays
must travel the least distance through the
atmosphere.Ozonealsoisnaturallythinnerinthe
tropics compared to the mid and highlatitudes,
so there is less ozone to absorb the UV radiation
as it passes through the atmosphere. At higher
latitudes, the sun is lower in the sky, so UV rays
must travel a greater distance through ozonerich
portions of the atmosphere and, in turn, expose
thoselatitudestolessUVradiation.
Altitude
UVintensityincreaseswithaltitudebecausethere
is less atmosphere to absorb the damaging rays.
As a result, your chance of damaging your eyes
andskinincreasesathigheraltitudes.
WeatherConditions
Cloud cover reduces UV levels, but not

completely. Depending on the thickness of the
cloudcover,itispossibletoburnonacloudyday,
evenifitdoesnotfeelwarm.
Reflection
Surfaces like snow, sand, pavement, and water

reflect much of the UV radiation that reaches
them. Because of this reflection, UV intensity can
bedeceptivelyhigheveninshadedareas.

SEAMONSTERMASKS
Sea monster masks are inspired by real and imaginary monsters from the deepest darkest
depthsoftheseaandoceans.
APATNASEKTORNGSAMBAYANAN:
1. BahayKalakalpakikipagganapsagawaingpamproduksiyonatdistribusyonngmga
produktosamerkado.Kailangandinnilaangbilingproduct
2. Ang Sambayanan Ang tinanggap na kita ng sambahayan ay ginagastos sa

pagkonsumo at pagbabayad sa mga yaring produkto mula sa bahay kalakal. Ang
kabayaran sa pagkonsumo ng mga yaring produkto ay tatangapin ng bahay kalakal
bilangkita.
3. Pamahalaan Ito ang ikatlong sektor na may tungkuling ginagampanan sa ugnayan

ngsambahayanatbahaykalakalsaekonomiya.Itoaynagtataguyodnglegalatmay
seguridad na pakikipag ugnayan ng sambahayan at bahay kalakal bilang konsyumer
atsupplierngmgaproduktoatserbisyo.Nagmulaangpondonilasabayadngmga
buwis ng produkto at serbisyo ng bahay kalakal at ng ibat ibang ariarian ng
mamayan. Kasama na din dito ay buwis galing sa pagmamasukan ng mamamayan.
Ang pamahalaan din ang nagtataguyod at may tungkulin na maningil ng buwis sa
sambahayan at bahay kalakal upang magkaroon ng pondo na gagamitin sa
pagbibigayngserbisyongpampubliko.
4. Sambayan Ang sentro ng mga sector ay ang sambayanan kung saan sila ang
pinagkakaloobanngpampublikongpagserserbisyongpamahalaan.
MGAKAHULUGAN:
Buwisayangitinakdangkabayaransabahaykalakalorpakikipagganapsapamproduksiyon
at distribusyon ng mga produkto o serbisyo. Ito ay masasabing pagtatakda ng halaga
(maaaring sa anyong salapi, mga pag-aari, o pagtatrabaho) na ipinapataw ng isang
awtoridad sa mga tao o mga ari-arian. Matagal nang ginagamit ang ibat ibang uri ng
pagbubuwis upang tustusan ang mga serbisyo ng pamahalaan, ng mga
pampublikong opisyal, at pati ng mga saserdote. Noong sinauna, kabilang sa mga
buwis na ipinapataw ang ikapu, tributo, singil, pangulong buwis o buwis na pantao,
at buwis sa mga kalakal na ibinebenta, iniluluwas, inaangkat, at mga panindang
idinaraan ng mga mangangalakal sa isang bayan.
Impok ito ay ang pag lalagak ng pera sa banko o pangfinancial na organisasyon bilang
pagiimpok.
Luwas Ito ay ang pag kuha ng nakaimpok na pera sa banko o pangfinancial na

organisasyon.
Angkatitoaypagbilingkalakaloprodukto,ongserbisyosadayuhanmerkado.
GastosItoayangpaggamitngperasapagbilingproduktooserbisyosamerkado.
Bangko Ito ay institusyon o organisasyon para sa paglagat o pagiimpok at pagluwas o

withdrawal ng pera o mga instrumento ng salapi. May kaakibat ng interest ang mga
naimpoknaperasabanko.
SPACECRAFTINSTRUMENTS
Thespacecraftcarriedanumberofinstrumentstocarryoutscientificinstruments.
ExtremeUltravioletSpectrometer:
it checks the loss rate of volatile gases from the satellites of the spacecraft. It also
studiesthecompositionandstructureoftheatmosphereofJupiter.

SPACECRAFT
SPACECRAFT,SATELLITE,SPACESHIPANDPROBES:
Spacecraft. The word spacecraftapplied to all andevery space vehiclesthat were intended to
beputintospace.
Satellite.SatellitesarespacecraftsintendedtobeplacedinEarthorbit.
Spaceship.Spaceshipsappliedtopilotedspacecrafts.
Probes.probesarespacecraftsdestinedtoexploretheSolarSystem.
SPACECRAFT
SATELLITE
SPACESHIP
PROBE
TOTEMPOLES
Totempolesaremonumentalsculpturescarvedfromlargetrees,mostlyWesternRedCedar,by
culturesoftheindigenouspeoplesofthePacificNorthwestCoastofNorthAmerica.The word
totemisderivedfromtheOjibwewordodoodem,"hiskinshipgroup".
Beingmadeofcedar,whichdecayseventuallyinthe rainforestenvironmentoftheNorthwest
Coast,fewexamplesofpolescarvedbefore1900exist.Noteworthyexamplesincludethoseat
theRoyalBritishColumbiaMuseuminVictoria,BCandtheMuseumofAnthropologyatUBCin
Vancouver, BC, dating as far back as 1880. And, while 18th century accounts of European
explorersalongthecoastindicatethatpolescertainlyexistedpriorto1800,theyweresmaller
andfewinnumber.Inalllikelihood,thefreestandingpolesseenbythefirstEuropeanexplorers
wereprecededbyalonghistoryofmonumentalcarving,particularlyinteriorhouseposts.Eddie
TypesofEssay
Anessayisashortpieceofwritingthatdiscusses,describesoranalyzesonetopic.Itcandiscussasubjectdirectly
orindirectly,seriouslyorhumorously.Itcandescribepersonalopinions,orjustreportinformation.Anessaycan
bewrittenfromanyperspective,butessaysaremostcommonlywritteninthefirstperson(I),orthirdperson
(subjectsthatcanbesubstitutedwiththehe,she,it,ortheypronouns).
Therearemanydifferentkindsofessays.Thefollowingareasomeofthemostcommonones:
Descriptive Cause/Effect Argumentative
Definition Narrative Critical
Compare/Contrast Process
Descriptive:
Examples:Adescriptiveessaycoulddescribe...
*atreeinmybackyard;
*avisittothechildren'swardofahospital;
*ahotfudgesundae;
*whatanathletedidinordertomakeittotheOlympics.
Thedescriptiveessayprovidesdetailsabouthowsomething
looks,feels,tastes,smells,makesonefeel,orsounds.Itcanalso
describewhatsomethingis,orhowsomethinghappened.These
essaysgenerallyusealotofsensorydetails.Theessaycouldbea
listlikedescriptionthatprovidespointbypointdetails.Or,it
couldfunctionasastory,keepingthereaderinterestedinthe
plotandthemeoftheeventdescribed.
Definition:
Examples:Adefinitionessaymaytryanddefine...
*themeaningofanabstractconcept,likelove;
*thetruemeaningandimportanceofhonesty;
*howthemeaningoffamilygoesdeeperthanjustyourblood
relatives.
TYPICAL FILIPINO DISHES

Appetizers
Lumpia (Filipino eggrolls)
Tokwa't Baboy (Pork and tofu cubes in salty-sour
sauce)
Ukoy (Shrimp and sweet potato fritters)
Soups and Stews
Caldereta (Beef stew)
Dinuguan (Pork blood stew)
Kare-Kare (Oxtail and tripe stew)
Mechado (Beef stew)
Menudo (Pork liver stew)
Pochero (Chicken and vegetable stew)
Tinolang Manok (Ginger chicken soup with papaya)
Noodles
Pancit Bihon (Rice noodles with meat and vegetables)
Pancit Canton (Egg noodles with pork and vegetables)
Pancit Malabon (Noodles with shrimp sauce)

DETERMININGIFTHEUSEOFCONVEXMIRRORSINVEHICLESARESAFE
zx
WHAT IS PNEUMONIA?
Pneumonia is a serious infection and/or inflammation of your lungs. The air sacs in the
lungs fill with pus and other liquid. Oxygen has trouble reaching your blood. If there is too
little oxygen in your blood, your body cells can't work properly. Because of this and
spreading infection through the body pneumonia can cause death.

Until 1936, pneumonia was the No.1 cause of death in the U.S.
Since then, the use of antibiotics brought it under control. In
2004, pneumonia and influenza combined ranked as the eighth
leading cause of death.
1

Pneumonia affects your lungs in two ways. Lobar pneumonia
affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects
patches throughout both lungs.

CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is not a single disease. It can have over 30 different causes. There are five
main causes of pneumonia:
Bacteria
Viruses
Mycoplasmas
Other infectious agents, such as fungi - including pneumocystis
Various chemicals

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
Bacterial pneumonia can attack anyone from infants through the elderly. Alcoholics, the
debilitated, post-operative patients, people with respiratory diseases or viral infections and
people who have weakened immune systems are at greater risk.
Pneumonia bacteria are present in some healthy throats. When body defenses are
weakened in some way, by illness, old age, malnutrition, general debility or impaired
immunity, the bacteria can multiply and cause serious damage. Usually, when a person's
resistance is lowered, bacteria work their way into the lungs and inflame the air sacs.
The tissue of part of a lobe of the lung, an entire lobe, or even most of the lung's five lobes
becomes completely filled with liquid (this is called "consolidation"). The infection quickly
spreads through the bloodstream and the whole body is invaded.
The organism streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial
pneumonia. It is one form of pneumonia for which a vaccine is available.
Symptoms: The onset of bacterial pneumonia can vary from gradual to sudden. In the most
severe cases, the patient may experience shaking chills, chattering teeth, severe chest
pain and a cough that produces rust-colored or greenish mucus

Pneumonia can have over
30 different causes.

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ToGettheCOMPETECOMPILATION,pleaseemailme:r_borres@yahoo.

Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the

Children with Angelman syndrome typically have a happy, excitable demeanor

An application is a program or group of programs designed for end users. Application

In contrast, applications software (also called enduser programs) includes database

Chromosomal aberrations are abnormalities in the structure or number

Identification of individual chromosomes remained difficult until advances in

What are the disadvantages of convex

Convex and concave mirrors always need

Thus, a convex mirror compresses the

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is characterized by slow growth before and after

Additional signs and symptoms of Cornelia de Lange syndrome can include

Although the exact incidence is unknown, Cornelia de Lange syndrome likely

Mutations in theNIPBL,SMC1A, andSMC3genes can cause Cornelia de Lange

Sample data collection, which is commonly just referred to as sampling, is a method

Marasmus accounts for a large burden on global health. The

The physiologic response to a negative energy balance is to reduce energy consumption.

A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a

The characteristics of Indian Literature are naturally an aspect of Indian

According to Rudyard Kiplings oftquoted line, East is East, and West is

To strike a balance and a compromise, as the circumstances permitted,

REINCARNATION: It is the widespread belief in Mukti, and in

Transaction Processing System (TPS) captures

System users define the business requirements and

Top Managers are concerned with strategic

Ang Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) o

Sinasabing walang nagluto ng pagkain at naghugas ng kinainan sa Tibag na hindi gumamit ng

Ang pinanggagalingan ng kabuhayan ng mga Ilianon ay pangongolekta ng sera. Ipinapalit nila

Member of a school of economics, founded in 18thcentury France, that held that

classicism, an attitude to literature that is guided by admiration of the qualities of formal

Scientists classify UV radiation into three types or

UVA: Wavelength: 320400 nm. Not

UVB: Wavelength: 290320 nm. Mostly

UVC: Wavelength: 100290 nm.

UVA and UVB

The amount of UV rays the ozone layer absorbs

The sun is highest in the sky around noon. At this

The suns angle varies with the seasons, causing

Cloud cover reduces UV levels, but not

Surfaces like snow, sand, pavement, and water

2. Ang Sambayanan Ang tinanggap na kita ng sambahayan ay ginagastos sa

3. Pamahalaan Ito ang ikatlong sektor na may tungkuling ginagampanan sa ugnayan

Luwas Ito ay ang pag kuha ng nakaimpok na pera sa banko o pangfinancial na

Bangko Ito ay institusyon o organisasyon para sa paglagat o pagiimpok at pagluwas o

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