Android is a Linux-based operating system

designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as

smartphones and tablet computers.
Initially developed by Android, Inc. was founded in October 2003. Google acquired Android Inc. on
August 17, 2005.
Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.

The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22,
2008.
Pre-commercial release versions (20072008)
Starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake in April 2009.
Official Application Programming Interface (API) levels.
Android 1.0 (API level 1)
Android 1.1 (API level 2)
Android 1.5 Cupcake (API level 3)
Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)
Android 2.0 Eclair (API level 5)
Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API level 6)
Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)
Android 2.22.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)
Android 2.32.3.2 Gingerbread (API level 9)
Android 2.3.32.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)
Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)
Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API level 12)
Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API level 13)
Android 4.04.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14)
Android 4.0.34.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 15)
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API level 16)
Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API level 17)
Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API level 18)
Google Nexus

Google Nexus is a line of mobile devices using the Android operating system produced by Google in
conjunction with several manufacturers. Devices in the Nexus series, do not have manufacturer or
wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom graphical user interfaces), and have an
unlockable bootloader. Nexus devices are the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating
system. As of November 2012, the latest devices in the series are the Nexus 4 phone by Google and LG,
and the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablet computers by Google with Asus and Samsung respectively.
Smartphones
Nexus One
The Nexus One was manufactured by HTC and released in January 2010 as the first Nexus phone. It was
released with Android 2.1 Eclair, and was updated in May 2010 to be the first phone with Android 2.2
Froyo.
Nexus S
The Nexus S, manufactured by Samsung, was released in December 2010 to coincide with the release of
Android 2.3 Gingerbread.
Galaxy Nexus
The Galaxy Nexus, manufactured by Samsung, was released in November 2011 (GSM version, US
released on Verizon 15 December 2011) to coincide with the release of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.
It was upgraded to the latest Android software 4.1 (Jelly Bean) in mid-July 2012.
Nexus 4
The Nexus 4 is the latest smartphone in the Google Nexus line and is manufactured by LG. It is the first
Android device using Android's 4.2 Jelly Bean update version.
Android rooting
Android rooting is the process of allowing users of smartphones, tablets, and other devices running the
Android mobile operating system to attain privileged control (known as "root access") within Android's
subsystem.
Bootloader
A bootloader is a computer program that loads an operating system (OS) or runtime environment for
the computer after completion of the self-tests.
The bootloader configures the device to an initial known state and has a means to select where to start
executing the kernel. It can allow you to make this selection, which give you for example the
opportunity to start an alternative Linux kernel, or Windows. Because the bootloader is an essential
component of the boot process, it is stored in non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
Bootloaders are written by hardware vendors and are specialized for the hardware they run on.
Locked/unlocked bootloaders
A locked bootloader is one that will only boot an OS that it "approves" of. This may mean that device's
boot partition has an approved digital signature, or the carrier ID (CID) hard-coded into the OS matches
a value hard-coded into the bootloader itself.
For devices with a locked bootloader, booting an unsanctioned OS (e.g. CyanogenMod or Ubuntu)
requires the device's owner to first unlock the bootloader. Unlocking the bootloader sometimes voids
the device's warranty. Procedures vary typically by manufacturer.
Bootloader unlocking should not be confused with Android rooting.
fastboot oem unlock
fastboot oem lock

Recovery
Recovery is an Android-based, lightweight runtime environment separate from and parallel to
the main Android operating system. Recovery's original purpose was:
to apply software updates to the device, e.g. OTA updates, and
to erase user data and cache, e.g. for troubleshooting or preparing the device for resale (factory
reset).
Recovery is stored in a disk partition separate from the main Android partitions (boot/kernel,
root/system). It contains its own Linux kernel, separate from the kernel of the main Android
system.
The bootloader determines whether to boot Android or Recovery.
The open-source community has extended the original Android Recovery system, to add other
features:
system backup and restore (NANDroid),
the ability to apply Android changes that aren't approved by the manufacturers or carriers,
improved user interface, including using the touch screen instead of only the volume and power
buttons, and
runs adbd, to support ADB connections.
The most popular custom recovery is ClockworkMod Recovery. Others are:
4EXT
Amon Ra Recovery
Team Win Recovery Project (TWRP)



Android Debug Bridge
The Android Debug Bridge (ADB) is a software interface between an Android device and a host
computer. It allows for the issuing of shell commands and the transfer of files.
There are two pieces of software necessary, one for each side of the communication. The first is the ADB
daemon, called adbd, running on the Android device. The second is the ADB server called either adb or
adb.exe depending on the host. The server software can be downloaded as part of the Android SDK.
Usage
adb connect device
Connects to an Android device over WiFi, where device is a defined host or an IP address.
adb usb
Connects to an Android device over a USB connection
adb shell
Brings up an interactive command shell
adb push source destination
Copies a file from host to Android device
adb pull source destination
Copies a file from Android device to host
adb reboot

SIM
A subscriber identity module or subscriber identification module (SIM)
is an integrated circuit that securely stores the international mobile
subscriber identity (IMSI) and the related key used to identify and
authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices.
A SIM card contains its unique serial number (ICCID-integrated circuit
card identifier), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI), security
authentication and ciphering information, temporary information related to
the local network, a list of the services the user has access to and two
passwords: a personal identification number (PIN) for ordinary use and a
personal unblocking code (PUK) for PIN unlocking.

SIM Lock
A SIM lock, simlock, network lock or subsidy lock is a capability
built into mobile phones by mobile phone manufacturers. Network providers use
this capability to restrict the use of these phones to specific countries and
network providers. Generally, phones can be locked to accept only SIM cards
with certain International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSIs).

Baseband
In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is an adjective that describes signals and
systems whose range of frequencies is measured from close to 0 hertz to a cut-off frequency (a
maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency); it is sometimes used as a noun for a band of
frequencies starting close to zero. Baseband can often be considered a synonym to lowpass or
non-modulated, and antonym to passband, bandpass, carrier-modulated or radio frequency (RF).
The term is often used in contrast to passband, which refers to a signal which has been translated
to a higher frequency, often for transmission by frequency division multiplexing.
Baseband bandwidth
A baseband bandwidth is equal to the highest frequency of a signal or system, or an upper bound
on such frequencies,for example the upper cut-off frequency of a passband filter. By contrast,
passband bandwidth is the difference between a highest frequency and a nonzero lowest
frequency.
Baseband processor
A baseband processor (also known as baseband radio processor, BP, or BBP) is a device (a
chip or part of a chip) in a network interface that manages all the radio functions (all functions
that require an antenna). This may not include wi-fi and/or bluetooth. It typically uses its own
RAM and Firmware.
The rationale of separating the baseband processor from the main processor (known as the AP or
Application Processor) is threefold:
Radio Performance: radio control functions (signal modulation, encoding, radio frequency
shifting, etc.) are highly timing dependant, and require a real-time OS.
Legal: some authorities (e.g. the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)) require that
the entire software stack running on a device which communicates with the cellular network
must be certified. Separating the BP into a different component allows reusing them without
having to certify the full AP.
Radio Reliability: Separating the BP into a different component ensures proper radio operation
while allowing application and OS changes.
Baseband processors typically run a RTOS(Real-time operating system) written in
firmware:
Nucleus RTOS (iPhone 3G/3GS/iPad)
ENEA's OSE
VRTX
ThreadX (iPhone 4)
Significant manufacturers of baseband processors include:
Broadcom
Intel Mobile Communications- former infineon wireless division
NFC (Near Field Communication)
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically
requiring a distance of 4cm or less to initiate a connection. NFC allows you to share small
payloads of data between an NFC tag and an Android-powered device, or between two Android-
powered devices.
DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance)
The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a non-profit collaborative trade organization
established by Sony in June 2003, that is responsible for defining interoperability guidelines to
enable sharing of digital media between multimedia devices.
Lock Screen
Screen Security
Swipe
Face unlock
Face and voice
Pattern
PIN
Password
None
Display
General
Wallpaper
Notification panel
Multi window
Screen
Screen Mode (Change Screensaver)
Brightness
Auto-rotate screen
Screen timeout
Daydream
Font
Font Style
Font Size

LED indicator
Charging (red light)
Low Battery (red LED blinks)
Notifications (blue LED blinks)
Voice recording (blue LED blinks)
Sound
Volume
Media
Ringtone
Notifications
System
Vibration intensity
Incoming call
Notifications
Haptic feedback
Ringtones and notifications
Ringtones
Vibrations
Notifications
Vibrate when ringing
System
Dialing keypad tone
Touch sounds
Screen lock sound
Haptic feedback
Blocking Mode
Features
Disable incoming call
Disable notifications
Disable alarm and timer
Disable LED indicator

Set Time
Always
From To
Allowed Contacts
Driving Mode
Incoming calls and new notifications read out automatically
Accessibility
TalkBack
Help blind and low-vision users, it describes what you touch, select, and activate.
Language and input
Language
Keyboard and input methods
Motions and gestures
Control device using motions and hand gestures.
Smart screen
Smart Stay
Smart rotation
Smart pause
Smart scroll (Email and internet, third party apps are not supported)
Security
Encrypt device (Password required to decrypt device each time you turn it on)
Encrypt external SD card
Find My mobile
Remote controls (need Samsung account)
SIM change alert
Find my mobile web page
Passwords
Make passwords visible
Device administration
Location Services
Use GPS satellites
Use wireless networks
Accounts (Google apps, Facebook, .. etc)
Unknown source (Allow installation of apps from sources other)
Verify apps (Block or warm before installing apps that may cause harm)
Application manager (To Edit installed apps on device)
Battery (Battery usage on device)
Storage (Device memory, SD storage)
Date and time
About device
Software update ( system update)
Status (battery, network,imei,etc)
Model number (GT-i9300, GT-N7100, .. etc)
Android version (4.2.2)
Baseband version (i9500DXUBMF8)
Kernel version (unix/linux kernel version)
Build number (JDQ39.I9500XWUBMG7)