(M.E.

K) OCT-92:QUES:5
Describe the characteristic of L.O for main engine.
(a) Oxidation
In virtually (tuLd;oufa7mufvsuf) all a!"in#ry a$$li!ation%& lu'ri!ant% ar# in !onta!t
(it" air& "#n!# (it" oxy)#n. *#in) or)ani! in natur#& all $#trol#u oil% r#a!t !"#i!ally (it"
oxy)#n or in !oon t#r% oxidi+#& 'ut t"# rat# o, oxidation !an vary a$$r#!ia'ly.
In )#n#ral& oxidation i% "ar,ul& a% a$art ,ro a!id atta!- on %#n%itiv# #tal%& %lud)#&
$arti!ularly i, #x!#%%iv# t#nd% to ad"#r# to #tal %ur,a!#%. ."#r# #%$#!ially i, %u'/#!t#d to
"i)" t#$#ratur#& it (ill ,or /u or varni%" d#$o%it% and !ar'ona!#ou% !o$ound.
T"# rat# o, oxidation o, oil d#$#nd% not only u$on it% ty$# 'ut al%o $arti!ularly on t"#
t#$#ratur# to ("i!" it i% %u'/#!t#d. 0dditional ,a!tor% ar# d#)r## o, !onta!t (it" oxy)#n and
t"# $r#%#n!# o, !#rtain #tal%& $arti!ularly !o$$#r ("i!" a!t a% !ataly%t% and a!!#l#rat#
oxidation.
T"# oxidation rat# o, oil i% rou)"ly dou'l# ,or #v#ry 123C ri%# in t#$#ratur#. *#lo(
a'out 413C t"i% #,,#!t i% not !on%id#r to '# o,, )r#at i$ortan!# 'ut a'ov# t"i% t#$#ratur#
oxidation in!r#a%#% $ro)r#%%iv#ly ra$idly (it" und#%ira'l# r#%ult%.
Oxidation o, in#ral oil% i% a ,r## !"ain radi!al r#a!tion5 t"i% !an '# %lo(#d do(n
r#ar-a'ly 'y t"# u%# o, !#rtain !"#i!al additiv#% t#r#d anti oxidant%.
0n oil ("i!" oxidi+#% %lo(ly (ill "av# a lon)#r u%#,ul li,# t"an on# (it" $oor oxidation
%ta'ility %in!# oxidation $rodu!#% ar# ,or#d ("i!" in!r#a%#d t"# vi%!o%ity and a!idity o, oil
until it i% un,it ,or ,urt"#r u%#.
Not for exam: .#ll r#,in# $ara,,in '#in) (#a- or)ani! a!id& ("i!" (ill in %uita'l#
!ir!u%tan!#% atta!- !#rtain #tal%. 6or #xa$l#& %o# !o$$#r-l#ad '#arin) alloy% ar#
%u%!#$ti'l# (tuLDhoufa7mu fvufcHedkifaom) to !orro%iv# atta!- 'y %u!" a!id%.
7a$"t"#ni! oil%& i, (#ll r#,in#d and !o$l#t#ly %aturat#d& ar# ,airly r#%i%tant to oxidation
'ut (ill al%o in ti# ,or or)ani! a!id%. 0% o%t 7a$"t"#ni! oil% al%o !ontain a $ro$ortion o,
aroati!% t"#y ar# l#%% %ta'l# t"an $ara,,ini! oil% and ("#n oxidi+#d t#nd to ,or 'ot"
or)ani! a!id% and %lud)# d#$o%it%.
6oain)
6oain) i% t"# air #ntrain#nt $ro$#rti#% o, t"# oil%. T"# ,orin) !"ara!t#ri%ti! o, oil% at
%$#!i,i#d t#$#ratur#.
."#n t"# air i% #ntrain#d into t"# oil& t"i% !ould '# du# to&
1. 8o( %u$$li#d "#ad.
2. 9#turn lin#% not runnin) ,ull ,lo(.
It r#%ult !an '# l#ad to 'r#a- do(n o, t"# load !arryin) !a$a!ity o, oil ,il in '#arin).
6oain) in in#ral oil i% a ixtur# o, t"# oil (it" )a%& u%ually air& a% di%tin!t ,or an
#ul%ion& ("i!" i% a ixtur# o, t(o li:uid%. 6oa i% #vid#nt a% lar)# 'u''l#% ("i!" t#nd to
rai%# and #%!a$# ,ro t"# oil %ur,a!#& 'ut v#ry %all air 'u''l#% u%ually r#ain in !olloidal
(pk_yD;) %u%$#n%ion and di,,i!ult to #x$#l.
6orin) i% #:ually o'/#!tiona'l# in )#ar !a%# %#t% and ot"#r !ir!ulation %y%t#5 it;%
#x!#%%iv# !"uin) (a7maESm_cif;)o, air (it" oil. It !an !au%# !avitaion in oil $u$%
and '#arin)%& a$art ,ro oil lo%%#% i, #x!#%%iv#. 6urt"#ror#& ,orin) or air #ntrain#nt !an
adv#r%#ly #,,#!t "#at tran%,#r $ro$#rti#%. T"#r# a$$#ar% to '# %o# r#lation%"i$ '#t(##n t"#
#ul%ion ,orin) and ,orin) t#nd#n!i#% o, oil.
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In "ydrauli! %y%t#& an air i% !o$r#%%i'l#& #rrati! (rwnf_iDrfaom) o$#ration o!!ur% i,
,orin) i% #x!#%%iv#. 6orin) i% alo%t al(ay% du# to
,aulty d#%i)n o, t"# oil %y%t# or
!o$on#nt or ,aulty aint#nan!# or
oil ov#r,lo(% ,ro oil tan- it not ,ully ,lo(& or all 'ot".
0not"#r t"in)% ar# air% driv#n out o, %olution& too lo( oil l#v#l& ,in# ,or#i)n att#r& and
va$ori+ation o, (at#r in t"# %y%t# and )#n#ral air l#a-%.
0nti ,orin) a)#nt%& %u!" a% inut# :uantiti#% o, intermediate molecular weight silicon
ar# #,,#!tiv# and (id#ly u%#d. T"#y a$$#ar to a!t 'y !"an)#% t"# int#r ,a!ial t#n%ion '#t(##n
t"# air 'u''l# and %urroundin) oil& t"u% r#l#a%in) %all 'u''l#% ("i!" !o'in# to ,oa lar)#
'u''l#% ("i!" ri%# to t"# oil %ur,a!# #%!a$# and 'r#a- u$. In )#n#ral vi%!o%ity oil ,oa or#
r#adily (tqifoifh_pfaom ) t"an 8oa vi%!o%ity. T"# lo( vi%!o%ity oil a$$#ar to %u%!#$ti'l#
(odom!if7Sm;aom) to air #ntrain#nt.
Eul%ion
It !au%# 'y t"# ixtur# o, li:uid& %u!" a% (at#r and oil at#rial& t"# ("ol# '#in)
%ta'ili+#d 'y t"# t"ird !o$on#nt& li-# a %oa$.
Oil ("i!" i% !ontainat#d or d#t#riorat#d in %#rvi!# until not %#$arat# #a%ily ,ro (at#r
and ay !au%# a% #ul%ion& in ("ol# or in $art. Eul%i,i!ation i% in a%%o!iat#d (it"
$r#!i$itation (tenf) o, %lud)# an in!r#a%in) rat#& %u!" %lud)# ar# ,or#d ,ro a!!r#tion
("uD;v#onf) o, r#%in% and a%$"alitin#%.
<arti!ularly (it" additiv#-!ontainin) oil it i% i$ortant to -no( to ("at d#)r## t"#y (ill
#ul%i,y in t"# $r#%#n!# o, (at#r. <#r%i%t#nt (at#r-in-oil #ul%ion% ar# o%t o'/#!tiona'l# in
!ir!ulatin) oil %y%t#%.
=i%!o%ity ind#x
It% =i%!o%ity Ind#x indi!at#% t"# rat# o, !"an)# o, vi%!o%ity& oil in r#lation to !"an)# o,
t#$#ratur#. Oil o, lo( =.I "a% a )r#at#r !"an)# o, vi%!o%ity (it" !"ainin) t#$#ratur# t"an
oil o, "i)" =.I.
It i% i$ortant only ("#n oil ar# %u'/#!t#d to lar)# variation% in t#$#ratur# a% in t"# !a%#
o, #n)in#% '#in) %tart#d ,ro !old in lo( t#$#ratur# !ondition. =.I %!al# i% ,ro 2>122 and
,or a )ood !ran-!a%# oil u%t '# ?5>45.
T"i% r#lation%"i$ vari#% a$$r#!ia'ly (ododomom) (it" t"# ol#!ular %tru!tur# o, t"#
oil. 0% t#$#ratur# in!r#a%#& na$"t"ini! oil% t"in out or# t"an $ara,,ini! oil%. Conv#r%#ly& a%
t#$#ratur# ,all& na$"t"ini! oil t"i!-#n% or '#!o# or# vi%!ou% t"an $ara,,ini! oil%. T"i%
$"#no#non i% o, a/or i$ortan!# in lu'ri!atin) oil%& a% #v#ryt"in) #l%# '#in) #:ual& t"# oil
("i!" %"o(% t"# l#a%t !"an)# in vi%!o%ity (it" t#$#ratur# i% to '# $r#,#rr#d ,or all
a!"in#ry o$#ration.
T"# =.I o, t#%t oil i% d#t#rin#d 'y a %i$l# !al!ulation or 'y t"# u%# o, %uita'l# ta'l#%
i, t"# vi%!o%ity i% -no(n in #it"#r !#nti%to-#% or %ay'olt %#!ond% at @?.43C and 94.93C.
0lt"ou)" at t"# ti# o, it% introdu!tion& t"# "i)"#%t =.I -no(n a% 122& today& (it"
i$rov# #t"od% o, r#,inin) t"# "i)"#%t natural =.I o, in#ral oil i% a'out 115 and (it" t"#
in!lu%ion o, %$#!ial additiv#% t"i% ay '# r#du!#d to a'out 1A2.
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