International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2(7), pp.

228-232, 2014
Available online at http://www.ijsrpub.com/ijsres
ISSN: 2322-4983; 2014 IJSRPUB
http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsres-2014-p0228-0232


228
Full Length Research Paper

Change of Electrokinetic Potential Value of Rat Blood Erythrocytes Irradiated by
EMI EHF

Anahit V. Nerkararyan, Marieta S. Mikaelyan, Mariam A. Shahinyan*, Poghos O. Vardevanyan

Yerevan State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biophysics, A. Manoogian 1, Yerevan, Armenia, 0025
*Corresponding Author: Phone (+374 10 571061); Fax (+374 10 554641); E-mail: m.shahinyan@ysu.am

Received 02 April 2014; Accepted 23 May 2014

Abstract. The change of electrokinetic potential (-potential) value of erythrocytes in rat blood has been studied under the
influence of electromagnetic irradiation with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies. It was shown that this physical field with
the mentioned frequencies effects on the organisms compared to non-irradiated control ones. Moreover the multiple effect
results in more obvious changes of erythrocyte -potential value which indicates that cumulative effect of the factor is
observed. It was also shown that the processes start acting in organism directing to weakening of external factor effect.

Keywords: EMI EHF, rat blood erythrocyte -potential value, one-fold and multiple irradiations, cumulative effect

1. INTRODUCTION

Electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) is known to be the
carrier of information (Presman, 1997). EMI intensity
increasing which is connected with appearing of huge
amount of artificial sources of electromagnetic waves
attracted a big attention to the problem of safety of
this ecological factor for separate organisms and the
whole biosphere. EMI from different artificial sources
irradiating in different frequency diapasons has a
pronounced effect on living organisms. Nowadays it
has been shown that EMI with extremely high
frequencies (EHF) may influence practically all
known types of cells in systems of arbitrary
organization level of living material (Babayan et al.,
2006; Kalantaryan et al., 2010; Vardevanyan et al.,
2013). Thus, it has been revealed that EMI EHF in
frequency diapason of 41.6-42.0 GHz results in yeast
growth rate changing in logarithmic phase (Grundler
and Kaiser, 1992). Short-term irradiation by 42.2 GHz
frequency results in enhancement of chromatin
condensation in slime membrane cells of human
mouth (Shckorbatov et al., 1998).
It is known that in extreme conditions adaptation
processes are initiated in organism: mobilization of
reserve possibilities, reconstruction of homeostatic
mechanisms (Deryugina et al., 2010), plastic and
energetic exchange intensity change; a key role in
organism metabolism belongs to blood and first of all
to erythrocytes that supply the tissues by oxygen
(Krylov et al., 1998; Krylov et al., 2009). The overall
performance of erythrocyte oxygen transporting
function is possible only in the conditions of their fast
and unhampered motion through the blood circulatory
system due to electrostatic repulsion of cells from
both each other and vessel walls (Cook et al., 1961).
Consequently, the realization of whole respiratory
function by erythrocytes and blood depends on
physical properties of erythrocyte membranes. It has
been shown that EMI EHF effects on oxygen
transporting function as well as antioxidant potential
of erythrocytes (Chunyan and Tribat, 2008; Loginov
et al., 1999). In blood rheological properties the
determining value has surface charge of erythrocyte
membranes (Mokrushnikov, 2010; Kunitsyn et al.,
2007). It is accepted to judge about phenomena
occurring on erythrocyte surface as well as cellular
charge magnitude by cell motion rate in electric field
electrophoretical mobility (Deryugina et al., 2010).
Electrophoretical mobility as integral criterion of
physical-chemical properties of plasma and
membranes, serve as an indicator of blood system and
whole organism state (Baker and Clark, 1983).
Electrophoretical mobility decreasing of erythrocytes
may be conditioned by erythrocyte aggregation
strengthening, microcirculation degrading, and finally
tissue hypoxia developing (Chunyan and Tribat, 2008;
Vitebskii et al., 1983; Sokolova et al., 1987). In
animals organism the surface charge stability of
blood erythrocytes is supported and their functional
activity is regulated, moreover realization mechanisms
of these processes remain hitherto none clear. From
Nerkararyan et al.
Change of Electrokinetic Potential Value of Rat Blood Erythrocytes Irradiated by EMI EHF
229
this point of view the study of EMI EHF effect on
electrokinetic potential of blood erythrocytes of
irradiated animals as a factor inducing stress and
organism response reaction to external physical field
are quite important.
In present work the results of multiple irradiation
effect with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies on
electrokinetic potential (-potential) of rat blood
erythrocytes are represented.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The blood of nonpedigreed white rats with 70-80g
weight was used in experiments. Rats were kept in
room illumination, at room temperature (20-25
0
C) as
well as were feed by combined nutriment containing
20% of animal proteins, 5-7% of fats and 70% of
granule nutriment. As a source of monochromatic
EMI EHF generator G4-141 with 37.5-53.5 GHz
working interval region was used. Rats were irradiated
by EMI with low intensity as well as 41.8 GHz and
42.2 GHz frequencies. The power flux density was
0.6mWt/cm
2
. Moreover the irradiation was carried out
every day, one-fold, with 20 min duration. The rats
were irradiated during 5 days. Every day the blood of
control (non irradiated) and irradiated animals was
taken and erythrocyte mobility rate in electric field
was determined. The blood from control animals was
taken from carotid artery, but from irradiated ones
ears; then lime acid was added to avoid of blood
coagulation. The blood was centrifuged during 10 min
with 500g speed (GlobalRoll Model:90-1 Electronic
Centrifuge Capacity). Plasma was removed and
erythrocytes were suspended in physiological solution
with calculation when suspension optic density was
equal to 0.7. The obtained suspension was placed in
electrophoretic camera via pipette. Electrophoretic
camera was glassy. Camera was placed on microscopy
table and electric chain was tuned on. Mobility rate of
particles was determined during a time necessary for
particle to pass distance between two divisions of
microscopy ocular grid. Measurements were carried
out 40-50 times and middle arithmetic value of
mobility rate of erythrocytes in electric field was
calculated. -potential value was calculated according
to the formula:
140
where is particle electrophoretic mobility, i.e.
relation of particle linear rate to electric field potential
gradient (Panosyan et al., 1989).



Fig: 1. Absolute values of -potential of erythrocytes of control animals and irradiated animals by 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz
frequencies during 5 days

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

EMI effect with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies
on electrokinetic potential of rat blood erythrocytes
was studied. On figure 1 absolute values of -potential
of blood erythrocytes of control and irradiated during
5 days animals are presented. At one-fold irradiation
of animals with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz (fig. 1, 1
st

day) significant increasing of -potential absolute
value compared to control is observed. Repeating
irradiations increase a degree of change of -potential
value of experimental animal erythrocytes.
Dynamics of -potential magnitude changes of
erythrocytes of animals irradiated by EMI with 41.8
GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies differs. During the
first two days of experiment the magnitude of -
potential value of animals erythrocytes exposed to
one-fold and two-fold irradiation by 41.8 GHz
frequency, increases 1.43 and 1.4 times respectively
compared to control. Moreover at irradiation by 42.2
International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2(7), pp. 228-232, 2014
230
GHz frequency, organisms bigger response is
appeared: after one-fold and two-fold irradiations the
determining parameter increases 1.62 and 1.66 times
respectively compared to control. After three-fold
EMI irradiation with 41.8 GHz frequency determining
parameter change degree increases and this tendency
is observed in the case of animals exposed to four-fold
irradiation. -potential of irradiated animals exceeds
control values 1.82 and 2.47 times respectively. In the
5
th
day of experiment -potential value decreases a
little moreover significantly exceeding control values
(2.37 times).
At EMI irradiation with 42.2 GHz frequency the
effect on organism develops slowly: in the third day of
experiment -potential value is approximately the
same as in the case of erythrocytes of animals exposed
to one-fold and two-fold irradiation is higher from
control values 1.69 times. Further the value of change
sharply increases and this tendency is preserved, in the
fifth day in spite of the results obtained at irradiated
animals by 41.8 GHz frequency, -potential value
continues increasing compared to control and is higher
than that of animals exposed to four-fold irradiation:
four-fold irradiation of animals induces -potential
increasing 2.46 times and five-fold irradiation 2.64
times compared to control.
Character of -potential value changes after
multiple irradiations indicate about cumulative effect
of EMI EHF. Calculated data according to
determining parameter change degree after each
irradiation compared to precursor irradiation are
presented on fig. 2. Determining parameter change
degree depends on EMI frequency. Based on the
changes of -potential value, after each irradiation,
EMI with 42.2 GHz frequency effects stronger on
biological system than EMI with 41.8 GHz frequency.
The dynamics of changes differs as well: in the second
day of EMI effect organism response to the external
factor decreases which may be connected with
homeostasis, moreover the repeating irradiation
destabilizes internal medium of organism and the
destabilizing effect of EMI with 41.8 GHz frequency
is expressed stronger. Biological system responses
differently to multiple effects of EMI with different
frequency: the degree of -potential value changes
after EMI irradiation with 41.8 GHz frequency in the
second and the fifth days of irradiation is less than in
precursor days which may indicate about development
of processes in organism directing to suppression of
development of processes induced by external
physical field. The character of changes induced by
EMI with 42.2 GHz frequency points to suppression
of organism protecting mechanisms.
There exist works showing that EMI with super
high and extremely high frequencies results in
different changes of hematological parameters of rats
up to blood-creating organs (Demisa et al., 2004;
Zaghloul, 2011; Ali et al., 2003).


Fig 2: Dynamics of -potential value change degree of blood erythrocytes of rats exposed to multiple effect of EMI

4. CONCLUSION

-potential magnitude is determined by surface charge
value of erythrocytes. -potential change at animal
irradiation indicates EMI EHF effect on membrane
properties. This effect may be a consequence of
immediately effect of electromagnetic waves on
membranes of cells, or mediated through the change
of organism internal medium properties, particularly
changes of water properties that result in changing of
physicochemical properties of organic molecules, and
as a consequence, cellular membranes.

Nerkararyan et al.
Change of Electrokinetic Potential Value of Rat Blood Erythrocytes Irradiated by EMI EHF
231
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International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2(7), pp. 228-232, 2014
232






Anahit V. Nerkararyan, Associate Professor at Department of Biophysics, Yerevan State University,
Faculty of Biology, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Armenia.












Marieta S. Mikaelyan, Senior Laboratory Assistant at Department Biophysics, Yerevan State
University, Faculty of Biology, Armenia.













Mariam A. Shahinyan, Junior Scientific Research at Department Biophysics, Yerevan State
University, Faculty of Biology, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Armenia.













Poghos O. Vardevanyan, Head of Department Biophysics, Yerevan State University, Faculty of
Biology, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Armenia.