Proportional Effect : The proportional component depends only on the Error, which is the difference between the Set

Point and the Process Variable. The Proportional gain (Kc) determines the ratio of Output response to the Error. For
instance, if the Error signal has a magnitude of 10, a Proportional Gain of 5 would produce a proportional response of
50. In general, increasing the Proportional Gain will increase the speed of the control system response and also
decrease the steady-state error which is the final difference between Process variable and Set Point. However, if the
Proportional Gain is too large the Process Variable will begin to oscillate. If Kc is increased further, the oscillations will
become larger and the system will become unstable.

Integral Effect : The Integral components integrates the Error over time to overcome the steady-state error.
Therefore, the integral response will continually increase over time unless the Error is zero. However, the integral
action may cause overshoot, oscillation, and/or instability problems if the selected integral gain (Ti) is too small. Note
that smaller values of Ti will have a stronger integral effect on the system response.

Derivative Effect : The derivative part of the PID algorithm anticipates future behavior of the Error because the
response of the derivative component is proportional to the rate of change of the Error. Therefore, in general the
derivative action prevents overshoot and eliminates oscillations. On the other hand, most practical control systems
use very small derivative gain (Td) because the derivative response is highly sensitive to noise in the Process
Variable signal. If the sensor feedback signal which represents the Process Variable is noisy, the derivative
component can make the control system unstable.

Article # 0005 TEST QUESTIONS:
1. The Burner Management System must be designed to ...?
a. provide a safe and orderly evacuation procedure
b. ensure a safe and orderly operating sequence
c. eliminate all possible errors by the operator
d. All of the above
2. The BMS shall provide protection against most common emergencies but cannot
replace ...?
a. an intelligent operators reasonable judgment
b. a fully integrated plant control system
c. a properly wired and located emergency shutdown switch.
d. All of the above
3. What condition(s) must be satisfied prior to starting a furnace purge cycle?
a. The fuel valves must be proven closed
b. Air dampers are in the fully open position
c. All flame scanners reading "No Flame"
d. All of the above
4. What may be used to interrupt the main flame start-up sequence after it has
begun?
a. Activating the "Boiler Stop" or the "Emergency Stop" switch.
b. Blowing out the pilot light.
c. A call from the Governor or the President.
d. All of the above
5. What must be completed before any fuel firing is permitted?
a. The boiler must be drained and filled with fresh water.
b. A pre-fire inspection by the local fire department.
c. A Certificate of Inspection must be issued by the state boiler inspector.
d. A satisfactory furnace purge cycle.
6. Which of the following conditions will cause a boiler trip (MFT) to occur?
a. Excessive steam pressure
b. Loss of combustion air supply
c. Low water level
d. All of the above
7. The Boiler Management System shall be designed to...?
a. monitor and control the correct component sequencing during start-up and
shut-down
b. allow for the unattended start-up and shut-down of the boiler
c. allow firing the boiler without a furnace purge being completed
d. All of the above
8. The burner startup period timer is set for ...?
a. no more than 10 minutes
b. no less than 10 minutes
c. 30 seconds
d. to between 20 and 40 minutes at the discretion of the operator
9. As indicated in NFPA 8501, section 6-2.4.1(i), the purge shall be ...sufficient for at least
____ air changes of the furnace.
a. eight
b. six
c. five
d. two
10. Which of the following is a recommended alarm condition?
a. High furnace pressure
b. A boiler trip signal
c. loss of control system power
d. All of the above


This set has 117 terms
OriginalAlphabetical

-below the steam drum.
The drum level transmitter on a boiler is located
_____________________.

-the connection between the transmitter and the steam drum
below the water level.
On a drum level transmitter the variable leg refers to
_________________.

-filled with condensate.
When in operation, the connection between the drum level
transmitter and the steam drum above the water level is
_______________.

-true
True OR False?
The drains on the connections to the drum level transmitter
must never be opened unless the proper procedure is used
because it can destroy the diaphragm.

-remote set point
In a cascade control system, the input to the cascade controller
from the other controller is called the ______________.

-rise suddenly ('swell')
When a large volume of steam is suddenly drawn out of an
operating boiler, the water level will ___________________.

-true
True OR False?
With a single element level control, when the steam flow from
the boiler is suddenly increased, the drum level control valve will
close when it should be opening.

-1) drum level transmitter
-2) steam flow transmitter
-4) feedwater flow transmitter
Three element drum level control uses the output from several
transmitters to control the drum level.These are: (select all that
apply)
1) drum level transmitter.
2) steam flow transmitter.
3) fuel flow transmitter.
4) feedwater flow transmitter.
5) steam pressure transmitter.

-the drum level controller (40%) and the steam flow
transmitter(60%).
For the VIEW boiler drum level control a summing block is
used. The two inputs to the summing block are from
______________________.

-the positioner
The device on a control valve that ensures that the valve moves
to the position that is called for by the controller is
_________________.

-3) Fill the boiler with water then open fuel valves.
-2) Reset permissives and ensure combustion control valve is
in minimum fire position.
-4) Check that fan dampers are closed and start FD Fan.
-5) Pull the start button on BMS panel.
-1) Monitor the startup as the burner management system
takes over.
Arrange the steps in the startup procedure for the VIEW boiler
in the correct order by placing the number for each step in front
of the action.
1) Monitor the startup as the burner management system takes
over.
2) Reset permissives and ensure combustion control valve is in
minimum fire position.
3) Fill the boiler with water then open fuel valves.
4) Check that fan dampers are closed and start FD Fan.
5) Pull the start button on BMS panel.

- permissives
For the VIEW boiler to be started, several switches must be in
the correct position to prove that the FD fan is running, the
boiler is filled, the combustion control valve at minimum fire,
etc. These are called _____________________.

- interlocks
For the VIEW boiler to continue running after starting, several
switches must be in the correct position to prove that the FD fan
is running, the boiler is filled, the steam pressure is not too high,
etc. These are called ________________.

- 3 minutes
The total time that the VIEW boiler is purged before lighting the
pilot burner is ________________.

- true
True OR False?
After the main flame is lit the burner management system shuts
off the pilot flame.

-distributed control system
The term DCS stands for ________.

-control the steam pressure in the intermediate pressure
header.
The purpose of the VIEW boiler combustion control system is to
______________.

-cascade controller
When the setpoint for an automatic controller is the output from
another controller, this controller is called a
______________.

-fuel flow and air flow controllers.
The output from the boiler master goes to the ________.

-high/low select.
The devices that detect when an instrument signal is increasing
or decreasing are called a _____________.

-true
True OR False?
When the output from the boiler master is increasing, the signal
goes to the air flow controller but not to the fuel flow controller.

-air flow transmitter causes the fuel flow to increase.
When the output from the boiler master is increasing, the signal
from the _____________.

-an I to P transducer.
An instrument that converts an electronic signal to an
pneumatic signal is called ___________________.

-feedforward control.
When the signal from another transmitter is used in a different
control strategy to antipate a change before it occurs, this is
called _____________________.


-A
The setpoint can be adjusted on the controller faceplate using
the device identified by the letter ___________.


-C
The controller can be switched to automatic or manual using the
item identified on the plateplate by the letter

-determine the constituents of the flue gases.
The best way to monitor the efficiency of combustion in for an
operating boiler is to ___________________.

-true
True OR False?
The purpose of a draft gauge is to display indications of the
pressure in the air and flue gas passages of the boiler.

-setpoint
The signal from the steam pressure transmitter is sent to the
controller which controls the steam pressure. The controller
compares the steam pressure signal from the transmitter to the
_________________.

-BMS
The panel that is used for starting up the boiler and where the
alarms for flame failure and low water are acknowledged is the
________________________.

-check if air is being drawn in through the drum vent.
To determine if a boiler has finished draining you should
_____________________________.

-Burner Management System
The safety system that ensures the VIEW boiler is operated
safely and started up correctly is the
____________________.

-BMS
The signal from the two low water cutoffs on the VIEW boiler go
to the _________________________.

-depressing the acknowledge button on the low water alarm
relay.
The low water alarm bell can be silenced by
___________________.

-False
True OR False?
The low gas pressure switch on the main gas line for the VIEW
boiler has a reset button but the high gas pressure switch does
not.

-true
True OR False?
There is a low gas pressure switch on the pilot gas line in
addition to the one on the main gas line.

-look at the indicator scale on the switch.
To determine the pressure that the gas pressure switches trip
you would ____________________.

-1) auxiliary contacts that prove the fan motor is running.
-3) the position switch proving the registers are open.
-4) an air pressure switch on the outlet of the fan.
Before the VIEW boiler can be purged, the air flow must be
proven by (select all that apply)
1) auxiliary contacts that prove the fan motor is running.
2) adequate air flow as determined by the air flow transmitter.
3) the position switch proving the registers are open.
4) an air pressure switch on the outlet of the fan.
5) the position switch on the combustion control valve senses
that the valve is at minimum fire position.


-B
The position switch that senses when the FD fan damper is fully
open for a purge is indicated by the letter _____.


-C
The sensor that measures the combustion air temperature is
indicated by the letter ___.


-D
The switch that closes to prove the FD fan is running is indicated
by the letter ___.


-C
The buttons used to start and stop the FD fan are designated by
the letter _____.


-A
The buttons used to turn power on and off for the burner
management system are indicated by the letter ___.


-B
The button(s) or switch used to start and stop the VIEW boiler
is/are identified by the letter ___.

-open the dampers to begin a purge.
After pulling the start button, the first thing that the burner
management PLC does is to __________.

-lights the pilot burner only if the position switch detects that
the dampers are at minimum fire.
After the purge is complete, the burner management system
closes the fan dampers to minimum fire and
______________/

-open the safety shutoff valves on the main gas line.
When the scanner first detects a flame the burner management
system will __________________________.

-opening and closing the combustion control valve causing
more or less oil to be recirculated back to the fuel oil storage
tank.
The fuel oil flow to the VIEW boiler burner is controlled by
_______________________.

-false
True OR False?
The fuel oil flow meter measures the flow of oil going to the
burner and oil recirculating back to the tank.

-true
True OR False?
The fuel oil combustion control valve is fitted with a manually
adjusted stop that can be set to keep the valve from closing fully.

90C.
Before combustion heavy oil must be heated to at least ______.

-the burner management system.
The safety shutoff valve on the fuel oil system is operated by
____________________.

-changes as the combustion control valve opens and closes
The oil pressure at the burner ____________________.

-the by-pass button is pressed before opening the drains and
held until they are closed.
When blowing down the water column and gauge glass daily, the
boiler does not trip because
_________________________.

-an automatic control valve in the feedwater line that
regulates water flow to the boiler.
The level of water in the VIEW boiler is controlled by
__________________________.

-the positioner on the drum level control valve.
The output signal from the VIEW boiler drum level controller
goes to ______________________.

-hot water would flash off and the sample would not be
accurate.
When taking water samples from the VIEW boiler for testing,
the water is cooled because

-both the primary and secondary reducing valves have failed.
If the fuel gas pressure at the VIEW boiler is 8 psi, this is an
indication that __________________________.

-is supplied though a by-pass reducing valve.
During servicing of the main gas metering station the gas to the
power plant boilers _______________________.

-1 cubic meter at 1 atmosphere pressure and 20 C
One standard cubic meter os natural gas is
____________________________.

-SSVs
On the VIEW boiler, the valves on the main gas train which close
automatically to shut down the boiler on a trip are called the
________________

-true
True OR False?
The purpose of a valve positioner on a valve is to ensure that the
valve actually moves to the position that the controller is calling
for.

-stop the valve from closing to far creating unstable flame
conditions.
The purpose of the handwheel on the top of the VIEW boiler
combustion control valve is to ____________________.

-BMS
The main gas train safety shutoff valves are opened or closed by
the ________________________.

-double block and bleed.
The gas line on the VIEW boiler is equipped with two shutoff
valves with a vent between them to ensure tight shutoff when the
boiler is shut down. This is referred to as a
________________________.

-supervisory cock.
The manual valve in a gas line that has one or more position
switches attached to determine that the valve is closed before a
purge can be initiated is called a _____________________.

-true
True OR False?
The purpose of the spectacle blind in the main gas line is to
ensure a positive shutoff of gas to the boiler furnace for
maintenance and inspection.

-false
True OR False?
Unlike the main gas train, the pilot gas train does not use two
shutoff valves with a vent between them for positive gas shutoff.

-opens the solenoid valves on the pilot gas line.
-energizes the ignition transformer
Once all of the permissives are satisfied and the boiler has been
purged, the pilot flame can be lit by pressing the pilot button.
This button (select two correct answers)
1) opens the combustion air dampers.
2) opens the solenoid valves on the pilot gas line.
3) energizes the flame scanner.
4) energizes the ignition transformer.
5) opens the safety shutoff valve on the main gas line.


-temperature measuring probe.
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler forced draft fan, the letter
A identifies the


-damper drive.
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler forced draft fan, the letter
D identifies the

-true
True OR False?
The air flow to the boiler furnace is measured by a pitot tube
element at the fan inlet. The transmitter then generates a signal
that represents this air flow. This transmitter signal is sent to the
air flow controller.

-the dampers on the fan outlet to control air flow
The air flow to the boiler is adjusted by the air flow controller
which regulates the ______________________________.

-it must be reset after a trip before the boiler can be restarted.
The low water cutoff that is located at the rear of the VIEW
boiler is different than the one at the front because
_____________________________.

-steam.
The sootblowers on the VIEW boiler remove soot and ash from
the tubes by blowing ________________ between the rows
of tubes.

-false
True OR False?
The steam pressure in the sootblower lance is the same as the
steam pressure in the boiler steam drum.

-flexible bellows
The switch enclosure of the low water cutoff is sealed from boiler
pressure by a _____________________.

-high water alarm.
The second float chamber on the rear of the VIEW boiler steam
drum is a __________________________.

-he upper (steam) connection is filled with condensate
(water).
The drum level transmitter will not work when the boiler is first
started unless ______________________.

-true
True OR False?
The main burner flame and the pilot flame are both registered
by the flame scanner, but the intensity of the flame signal shown
on the BMS is different.

2) boiler pressure holding the cover against the inside of the
opening.
3) a gasket placed between the cover and manhole opening.
4) strongbacks that hold the cover in place
The manhole is closed and sealed during boiler operation by
(select all that apply)
1) welding the cover in place.
2) boiler pressure holding the cover against the inside of the
opening.
3) a gasket placed between the cover and manhole opening.
4) strongbacks that hold the cover in place
5) strongbacks forcing the cover against the outside of the
opening.
6) a high temperature adhesive that assists in sealing between
the cover and gasket.

-control the concentration of dissolved solids in the boiler
water
The purpose of the continuous blowdown is to
_______________________.

-water column.
On the VIEW boiler, the gauge glass is attached to the
_____________________.

-true
True OR False?
On a water tube boiler, most of the piping connections are on the
steam drum and can be at both ends.

-every shift.
The water column and gauge glass drains are opened to
determine that the connections are clear. This should be done
____________________________

-operates two switches. one trips the boiler if the level is too
low and the second activates an alarm if the water level is low.
The VIEW boiler water column is equipped with a float that
_________________________.

-opening the try cocks.
When operating the VIEW boiler with the gauge glass broken
the level can be verified by _________________.

-maintain adequate flow through the pumps to ensure that
they do not overheat.
The purpose of the minimum flow valve on the feedwater pumps
is to ____________________.

-create turbulence by causing the air to swirl as it enters the
furnace.
The purpose of the registers in the burner are to
________________________________.


-B
In this figure representing the VIEW boiler, the riser tubes are
identified by the letter __


-D
In this figure representing the VIEW boiler, the mud drum is
identified by the letter __


-B
In this figure representing the VIEW boiler, the tangent furnace
wall tubes are identified by the letter


-B
In this figure representing the VIEW boiler, the flue gas uptake
to the stack is identified by the letter.


-A
In this figure representing the VIEW boiler, the flue gas leaves
the furnace and enters into the convection banks through spaced
tubes identified by the letter

Step 1=1
Step 2=4
Step 3=5
Step 4=2
Step 5=3
Identify the sequence of operation during burner ignition after
purging by placing the number of each step next to the action.

1. Pilot Gas valves open.
2. Main gas valves open.
3. Pilot gas valves close.
4. Ignition transformer energized producing spark.
5. Scanner detects flame.

-cause the flame failure alarm to sound and trip the fuel valves
closed.
If the flame scanner senses that the flame is not present during
normal boiler operation it will _____________________.


-ignition transformer
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler burner front, the letter A
identifies the ___________________.


-flame scanner
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler burner front, the letter C
identifies the


-pilot burner.
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler burner internals, the
letter A identifies the


-flame scanner tube.
In this photograph of the VIEW boiler burner internals, the
letter C identifies the

The purpose of the forced draft fan on the VIEW boiler is to
________________________.
-supply combustion air to the boiler burner

The ring of adjustable louvers that surround the burner inside
the windbox through which air passes before entering the
burner is called the _________________.
-register

The purpose of the ring of adjustable louvers that surround
the burner inside the windbox is to
________________________.
-cause the air to swirl as it enters the burner to ensure good
mixing with the fuel

The gases are forced to travel through the furnace to the back
by _________________.
-tangent tubes of the furnace walls

The large number of tubes between which the gases pass when
flowing back to the front of the boiler is called
________________________.
-the convection bank

True OR False?
The purpose of refractory in the VIEW boiler furnace is to
hold in the heat and stabilize the flame.
-true

The wall opposite the burner in a boiler furnace is called the
______________.
-target wall

The wall opposite the burner has a few tubes in front of the
refractory. The purpose of these tubes is to
_______________________.
-absorb some of the heat to increase the life of the refractory

True OR False?
The VIEW boiler in the power plant lab is a high pressure
water tube boiler.
-true

True OR False?
The steam produced in the power plant lab VIEW boiler is
used to drive turbines and is also used for the deaerator and
building heating.
-true

The VIEW boiler is classified as ________________.
-an A-type package boiler

Air is supplied to the VIEW boiler for combustion by
_________________.
-a forced draft fan

True OR False?
Steam from the VIEW boiler can be used to run the Batley,
Carling and Shinko turbines in the turbine room.
-false

Water is supplied to the VIEW boiler by the feedwater pumps,
which get water from ___________________.
-the deaerator

The tubes around the furnace closest to the burner are called
_____________________.
-riser tubes

The water level in a watertube boiler must always be
1) in the steam drum.
2) above the tubes in the steam drum.
3) above the burner.
4) in the mud drum.
2) above the tubes in the steam drum.