June,
How Buoouisr is rui Hiiuxinuiouixaraxria:
Alexis Sanderson
Handout
Not to be quoted without the permission of the author
Te Cakrasa
.
mvara/a
.
mvara corpus:
1. Mlatantra: Herukbhidhna, also called Cakrasa
.
mvara, Laghua
.
mvara/Laghu-
sa
.
mvara, and Laghvabhidhna
:. Vykhytantras: Herukbhyudaya (only accessible in Tibetan; probably the ear-
liest of these works; in some parts at least it is older than all the states of the
Herukbhidhna now visible), Vajra
.
dka (drawing also on the Catu
.
sp
.
tha), Abhi-
dhnottara, Yoginsa
.
mcra, Caturyoginsa
.
mpu
.
ta, Vrhyabhyudaya, Sa
.
mvarodaya,
.
Dkr
.
nava, and Sa
.
mpu
.
ta (shared with the Hevajra)
Commentaries on the Herukbhidhna:
1. Four surviving in Sanskrit: by Jayabhadra, Bhavabha
.
t
.
ta, Kambalapda, and
vatavajra (the last not yet accessible)
:. Seven accessible only in Tibetan: by Bhavyakrti, Devagupta, Durjayacandra,
Indrabhti, Tathgatarak
.
sita, and two Vravajras
Major forerunners of the Herukbhidhna, on which it draws: Sarvatathgatatattva-
sa
.
mgraha, Guhyasamja, Sarvabuddhasamyoga
.
dkinjlaa
.
mvara.
Yogintantras (/Yoganiruttaratantras) outside the Cakrasa
.
mvara corpus, which are later
than the Herukbhidhna, or probably so: Hevajra,
.
Dkinvajrapajara, Mahmudrti-
laka, Klacakra, Mahmy, Vajrm
.
rta, Buddhakapla, Ca
.
n
.
damahro
.
sa
.
na.
Early Yogintantra of uncertain relative date: Catu
.
sp
.
tha.
Some passages of the Herukbhidhna and their sources:
Herukbhidhna
1.1 athto rahasya
.
m vak
.
sye
samsn na tu vistart
rherukasa
.
myoga
.
m
1
sarvakmrthasdhakam
1.: uttard api cottara
.
m
.
dkinjlaa
.
mvaram
Sarvabuddhasamyoga
rahasye parame ramye 1.1 rahasye parame ramye
sarvtmani sad sthita
.
h sarvtmani sad sthita
.
h
1. sarva
.
dkinmaya
.
h sattvo sarvabuddhamaya
.
h sattvo
vajrasattva
.
h para
.
m sukham vajrasattva
.
h para
.
m sukham
asau hi svayambhr bhagavn 1.: asau svayambhr bhagavn
eka evdhidaivata
.
h
sarvabuddhasamyoga-
vro
.
dkinjlaa
.
mvaram
.
dkinja
.
mvara
.
h
Pau
.
skara etc.
1. sa
.
mbhavn ad
.
r
.
s
.
tavigrahc chntc
chivt paramakra
.
nt
ndarpd vini
.
skr
.
nt
.
h ndarpa
.
m vini
.
skrnta
.
m
stra
.
m paramadurlabham
Picumata / Brahmaymala
samaycragocar
.
h
durlabha
.
m tri
.
su loke
.
su
dimadhyntasa
.
msthitam
Cf. Herukbhyudaya 1.oc:
jig rten gsum na rnyed pa yin
*durlabha
.
m tri
.
su loke
.
su 8.1o durlabha
.
m tri
.
su loke
.
su
g.yon nas skyes pas byed pa yin
*vmodbhava- . . .
Cf. Herukbhidhna 1.o, V
.
D 1.1, AbhU ,: Jayadrathaymala,
.
Sa
.
tka , dyaygavidhipa
.
tala, v. :
vmodbhava
.
m jagat sarva
.
m trailokya
.
m sacarcaram bhagodbhava
.
m jagat sarva
.
m bhagamadhye laya
.
m gatam
dam tshig spyod pai mtshan nyid dang
*samaycralak
.
sa
.
nam samaycraplanam
Tantrasadbhva
1. manthyamanthnasa
.
myoga- mathyamanthanayogena
.
rjutva
.
m jyate priye
Cf. Kubjikmata 1:.o:ab:
madhyamanthnayogena jngnir jyate kila
yath tath mantrajpadhyndiyukta
.
m
Tere is nothing corresponding to 1.ab
:
in the Herukbhyudayas version.
Picumata
yoga caiva vidhijna
.
m 8.1oc yga
.
m vidhis tath jna
.
m
cakra
.
m yoga
.
m ca obhanam
8.11 kathaymi mahdevi
yat tvay codita
.
m *balam (?)
tantre nigadita
.
m
.
r
.
nu
1.o madhyamottamavsena madhyamottamachgena
gandhodakasahitena tu gandhodasahitena tu
kulik
.
m pjayen nitya
klavie
.
se
.
na tu
Cf. Abhidhnottara 1.11c:
madhyamottamavsena
gandhokasahitena tu
gulik
.
m krayed dhmn;
and Herukbhyudaya 1.8cd:
madhyamottamavsena
gandhokasahitena tu
va
.
tik
.
m prayen nitya
.
m 8.1: va
.
tik
.
m prayen prja
.
h
pjklavie
.
sata
.
h pjkle vie
.
sata
.
h
vidhna
.
m tu sad yojya
.
m
carvhre
.
na suvrate
8.1 samaye sadhne caiva
dravylabhanakarma
.
ni
1.; dtaya
.
h sahaj
.
h siddh tasyaiva dtaya
.
h siddh
.
h
sahaj vravandite
adhamottamamadhyam
.
h
Sarvatathgatatattvasa
.
mgraha
antargatena manas :o1: antargatena manas
kmasiddhi
.
m tu bhavayet kmauddhi
.
m ca bhvayan
1.8 svaretobindubhir buddhn svaretobindubhir buddhn
Guhyasamja
;.:o svavajra
.
m padmasa
.
myukta
.
m
dvayendriyaprayogata
.
h
svaretobindubhir buddhn
bodhisattv
.
m ca pjayet vajrasattv
.
m ca pjayet
Sarvabuddhasamyoga
daranasparanbhy
.
m ca daranasparanbhy
.
m ca
rava
.
ne smara
.
nena ca rava
.
nasmara
.
nena ca
1., mucyate sarvappais tu sarvappair vimucyante
divyamnu
.
syat
.
m saukhyam
pi
.
n
.
dk
.
rtya vajraka
.
nikay
kal
.
m nrghanti
.
so
.
dam
gorakta
.
m gh
.
rtasa
.
myukta
.
m
avadhtena mantravit
.18 vmahastena hotavya
.
m
yad icchet siddhim tmana
.
h
buddho pi vaam yti akro pi vaam yti
ki
.
m puna
.
h k
.
sudramnu
.
s
.
h ki
.
m puna
.
h k
.
sudramnu
.
s
.
h
o. ni
.
s
.
thvana
.
m dantak
.
s
.
tha
.
m .:c ni
.
s
.
thvana
.
m dantak
.
s
.
tha
.
m
svadehodvartana
.
m tath .:d svadehodvartana
.
m tath
nmn madyktahomena .: nmn madyktahomena
trailokya
.
m vaam nayet trailokya
.
m vaam nayet
dantadhvanam dya
gok
.
tarudhira
.
m tath
.: tenkta
.
m homayec caila
.
m
trailokya
.
m kar
.
sayet k
.
sa
.
nt
o. rajasvaly raktena rajasvaly raktena
bhuktodgr
.
na
.
m ca bhojanam bhuktodgr
.
na
.
m ca bhojanam
sa
.
myukta
.
m mnu
.
sai
.
h keai
.
h .:o sa
.
myukta
.
m mnu
.
sai
.
h keai
.
h
sadya-m kar
.
sa
.
na
.
m param sadyas tv kar
.
sa
.
na
.
m param
Cf. Nivsaguhya f. ;:r:: sadya-m-utkrntikrik;
f. ;:r: sadya-m utkramayet tanum
o. svakyd gh
.
rtam udgr
.
na
.
m svakyd gh
.
rtam udgrya
svakeair homayed budha
.
h svakeair homayen nara
.
h
nimbak
.
s
.
thgnisa
.
mdpte .:; nimbak
.
s
.
thendhanair dpte
sadya vidve
.
sa
.
na
.
m param vahnau vidve
.
sa
.
na
.
m param
o.o kkapak
.
sak
.
rte home kkapak
.
sak
.
rte home
dhuttrgni samhita
.
h mtratailktasa
.
myuta
.
m
ka
.
tutailena sa
.
myukta
.
m .:8 dhatrakendhanair dpte
sadyocc
.
tanamra
.
nam sadyocc
.
tanam uttamam
o.11c gomyum
.
msamadyena .o gomyum
.
msamadyena
homayed balikriy bhak
.
sahomabalikriy
o.1: japamantrak
.
rte rtrau japen mantrak
.
rte rve
kro
.
s
.
tuka
.
m nyate . . . kro
.
s
.
tuko nipate grata
.
h
o.1cd svecchyu
.
so mahyog .o;c svecchyu
.
so mahyog
kr
.
date nekarpadh
.
rk .o;d kr
.
date nekarpadh
.
rk
Cf. 1.;ab: svecchyu
.
so mahyog divyarpadharo bhavet
o.18cd adhikyu ku
.
sm
.
n
.
da
.
m .;o vikmuktaku
.
sm
.
n
.
da
.
m
mudga m
.
sa sagomadhu mudga m
.
so sit madhu
.
h
o.1, chardirjikg
.
rha- chardirjk
.
rto lepas
tamlapatrair mukhabandhana
.
m trailokya
.
m mukhabandhanam
o
svecchakr bhaved yog
yatra tatra vyavasthita
.
h
Here the text as known to the earliest commentators (Jayabhadra and *Bhavyakrti)
ends.
Te 1st chapter:
In the rnam thar of Tilop ascribed to Mar pa Chos kyi blo gros Jna
.
dkin and
her retinue are said to have taught Tilop the fty-rst Pa
.
tala together with the oral
;
transmission (ed. Ca\ii\ 1,,, p. 1:: gsungs nas rtsa rgyud leu nga gcig pa bshad
rgyud dang bcas pa dang snyan rgyud gnang ngo). Te rnam thar of Nrop attributed
to the twelfth-century author lHaii btsun pa rin chen rnam rgyal says that Nrop
studied and mastered the Mlatantra of a
.
mvara (bDe mchog) in fty chapters. See
the translation of Guixruii (1,o, p. 1), which misunderstands this as referring to
the Abhidhnottaratantra.
1.1 athta
.
h sa
.
mpravak
.
symi mnya
.
m sudurlabham |
gopanya
.
m may tantre vrasa
.
mketabh
.
sitam ||
1.: nivasana
.
m pacamudrdi gtrasya praj nga
.
m kla pajaram |
liklti-m uccrya hetvdinyaprvaka
.
m ||
1. prav
.
rttindamdni yvat sa
.
mhrayogata
.
h |
am
.
rtpyyaniv
.
rtti
.
m tu hastapjbhisecana
.
m ||
1. mahkavacena sa
.
mrak
.
sya sarvamantre
.
nrcanam |
etac caturdaa tattva
.
m sa
.
mk
.
sepe
.
na tu bh
.
sitam ||
1. ya
.
h samcarati nara
.
h re
.
s
.
tha
.
h sarvappaviuddhtm
1
tthgat
.
m ca labhate bhmi janmani janmani ||
1.o tathgatakulotpadya rj bhavati dhrmika
.
h
:
|
yath prvdippasya hno sarvalak
.
sa
.
nai
.
h ||
1.; ya im
.
m dhyyate nitya
.
m sarvakmevara k
.
sitau |
gh
.
rtapr
.
na
.
m yath bh
.
n
.
da
.
m sthpitam agnimadhyake ||
1.8 dravanta
.
m dravate sarpi
.
h kla
.
m nayati bh
.
n
.
dayo
.
h |
tath ppa
.
m ca nayati rheruketi nmata
.
h ||
1., dhyne cintitamtram v p
.
tha
.
m svdhyyalekhant |
svargabhogam avpnoti athav cakravartina
.
m ||
1.1o cyutikle tu yogn
.
m rherukdivr yogin |
nnpu
.
spakaravyagr nndhvajapatkinam ||
1.11 nntryanirgho
.
sair nngtopahrata
.
h |
m
.
rtyur nma vikalpasya nyate khecarpade
||
1
Cf. Sarvatathgatatattvasa
.
mgraha :o1:: sarvappaviuddhtm sarvauddhy karoti sa
.
h |
sarvakry
.
ni karmo yam iti bhvena sidhyati; Nivsamukha .11cd: sarvappaviuddhtm dehatyge
diva
.
m yayau; Nivsaguhya 1o.,c1ob: pacavi
.
ma sahasr
.
ni japtv vyomaivasya tu | sarvap-
paviuddhtm k
.
rtasevo bhavi
.
syati; Kriykalagu
.
nottara f. ;r: sarvappaviuddhtm ivaloka
.
m sa
gacchati; N
.
tyastra .1,: mahevarasya carita
.
m ya ida
.
m sa
.
mprayojayet | sarvappaviuddhtm
ivaloka
.
m sa gacchati. Te expression is also common in the Epic and Pur
.
nas. See, e.g., Mah-
bhrata .8o.1ocd: sarvappaviuddhtm gacchec ca param
.
m gatim; and .8o.1:cd: sarvappa-
viuddhtm brahmaloka
.
m ca gacchati; Krmapur
.
na :.8.:,cd: sarvappaviuddhtm rudraloka
.
m
sa gacchati.
:
Cf. ivadharma :.11c11o: kr
.
date parama
.
m kla
.
m rudraloke vyavasthita
.
h | tata
.
h klt k
.
siti
.
m
prpya rj bhavati dhrmika
.
h | surpa
.
h sudvijo vpi sarvavidyrthapraga
.
h; Nivsamukha :.;: tena
pu
.
nyaphalenaiva svargaloke mahyate | svargalokt paribhra
.
s
.
to rj bhavati dhrmika
.
h.
Picumata o.c:
.
r
.
nu devi pravak
.
symi sarvayogiprasdhanam | ygamantrasamopeta
.
m
yoginjlaa
.
mvaram | yena vijtamtre
.
na trailokye khecarpadam; Jayadrathaymala,
.
Sa
.
tka , :.,ab:
8
1.1: eva
.
m deva mahvra yoginyo bhuvi durlabham |
Verses from the remainder of the text, from 1.1:c to the end, are found elsewhere
in the corpus only in the Yoginsa
.
mcra (YS) and the Sa
.
mvarodaya (SU): 1.;ab =
YS 1;.1oab, 1.1c--1ob = YS 1;.:1c-:b, 1.18--1, >SU :.:,c--ob, 1.:1d >SU
:.1d.
rherukamahtantra
.
m yo jtvpi abhaktita
.
h |
dridrya
.
m du
.
hkhasantpa
.
m tasya nitya
.
m sad bhavet ||
1.1 ka
.
n
.
thikc
.
dakeyra
.
m ku
.
n
.
dala
.
m brahmastrakam |
ka
.
n
.
thla
.
mk
.
rtairoml mekhalghurghurravai
.
h ||
1.1 girimastakakijalke vivapadmliklya
.
m ca |
gaurypati
.
m samkramya vajragha
.
n
.
t ngali ngitam ||
1.1 caturvi
.
mena srdha sa
.
myukta
.
m vrayoginiv
.
rndakai
.
h |
rherukamahrja
.
m bhvayeta parama
.
m pada
.
m ||
1.1o sarvavrasya yoginya
.
h sa par
.
sanmadhye yogavn |
sarve tu
.
s
.
t vai bht s
.
r
.
s
.
tisa
.
mhrakrak
.
h ||
1.1; nndhimuktik
.
h sattv cary nnvidhodit
.
h |
nnnayavineyn
.
m nnopyni darit
.
h ||
.18 gambhradharmanirdee ndhimuktir bhaved yadi |
pratik
.
sepo na kartavya
.
m smartavycintyadharmmat ||
1.1, ntra me vi
.
sayo hy e
.
sa nha
.
m jnmi dharmat
.
m |
jnanti te mahtmna
.
h sa
.
mbuddh<s> tatsut api ||
1.:o utpdam api buddhn
.
m anutpde pi v sthita
.
h |
dharmat sarvadcinty hniv
.
rddhivivarjit ||
1.:1 ity eva
.
m tulayitv tu na nindy<t> sarvalaukikam |
acintyo gatis te
.
sm acintyo buddhan
.
taka
.
m ||
1.:: stra
.
m kriybhicary
.
n
.
m yogaguhyan tu bhedata
.
h |
sattvvatra
.
nala
.
m tu tatra tatra rat iva ||
iri siuiiuxinuiouixaxauiraxriaii;aiax
.
sixra
.
uiirixi . . . sicaxiasa
.
xvaiaxi-
xxi xaui\ocixraxriaii;i ixaiaxcisarixa
.
u ia
.
raia
.
u saxiira
.
u.
Tis is where the text ends in the only currently accessible manuscript (Baroda, Ma-
haraja Sayajirao University, Oriental Institute, MS Acc. 1:,o; Herukavidhnatantra;
palm-leaf; Ku
.
tila script; incomplete; undated), according to all commentators other
.
sa
.
nmsd utpataty eva sdhaka
.
h khecarpadam; :.ocd: tatrr
.
dha
.
h plaved devi prahart khe-
carpadam; Vmanadatta, Dvayasa
.
mpattivrtika ::cd: mrge
.
nnena sa
.
msiddh labhante yoginpadam.
,
than Jayabhadra and Bhavyakrti, and in the Tibetan translation (bDe mchog nyung
ngu: Derge Kanjur, Rgyud bum, vol. ka, . :1r:ov; by Padmkara and Rin chen
bzang po [,81o], revised by Prajkrti [b. 1o1;] and Mar pa Chos kyi grags pa).
Biniiociaiu\
Saxoiisox, Alexis. 1,,b. Vajrayna: Origin and Function. In Buddhism Into the Year
. International Conference Proceedings (Bangkok and Los Angeles: Dhammakaya
Foundation), pp. 8,1o:.
-. :oo1. History Trough Textual Criticism in the Study of aivism, the Pacar-
tra and the Buddhist Yogintantras. In Les sources et le temps. Sources and Time. A
Colloquium, Pondicherry, January , edited by Franois Grimal, pp. 1;.
Publications du dpartement dIndologie ,1. Pondicherry: IFP / EFEO.
-. :oo,. Te aiva Age: Te Rise and Dominance of aivism during the Early
Medieval Period. In Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Eixoo
(Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo), pp. 1,. Te de-
pendence of the Buddhist Mantranaya on aivism is treated on pp. 1:: of this
publication, and evidence of the textual dependence of the texts of the Cakrasa
.
mvara
cycle on texts of the iva Vidyp
.
tha is presented on pp. 18o::.
Szaxr o, Peter-Daniel. :oo8. Review of Gia\ :oo;. Tantric Studies 1, pp. :1:1,.
1o