6/26/2013

1
LOGO
Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation
(mid (mid (mid (mid- -- -Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill
anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan"
Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation Multiple phases of dolomite fronts in the Samana Suk Formation
(mid (mid (mid (mid- -- -Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill Jurassic): Possible reservoir analogue in the Margalla Hill
anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan" anges! Pakistan"
Dr. Mumtaz Muhammad Shah Dr. Mumtaz Muhammad Shah Dr. Mumtaz Muhammad Shah Dr. Mumtaz Muhammad Shah
#epartment of $arth Sciences #epartment of $arth Sciences #epartment of $arth Sciences #epartment of $arth Sciences
%uaid %uaid %uaid %uaid- -- -i ii i- -- -&'am (niversit)! *slamabad &'am (niversit)! *slamabad &'am (niversit)! *slamabad &'am (niversit)! *slamabad
(P&+*S,&-) (P&+*S,&-) (P&+*S,&-) (P&+*S,&-)
mshah@qau.edu.pk
./-,$-,S ./-,$-,S ./-,$-,S ./-,$-,S
INTRODUCTION 1
FIELD OBSERVATIONS, PETROGRAPHIC STUDIES 3
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 6
GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS 2
POROSITY, PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION 4
DISCUSSIONS 5
6/26/2013
2
0
*-,/#(.,*/- *-,/#(.,*/- *-,/#(.,*/- *-,/#(.,*/- 1 11 1 #olomite interest in #olomite interest in #olomite interest in #olomite interest in
petroleum industr) petroleum industr) petroleum industr) petroleum industr)
x2
2 22 2
#/3/M*,*4&,*/- P/.$SS$S #/3/M*,*4&,*/- P/.$SS$S #/3/M*,*4&,*/- P/.$SS$S #/3/M*,*4&,*/- P/.$SS$S
6/26/2013
3
5 55 5
*ntroduction *ntroduction *ntroduction *ntroduction 1 11 1 /ur 6ork /ur 6ork /ur 6ork /ur 6ork
#olomite facies parallel to bedding and along fault #olomite facies parallel to bedding and along fault #olomite facies parallel to bedding and along fault #olomite facies parallel to bedding and along fault
s)stem s)stem s)stem s)stem
Jurassic marine carbonates Jurassic marine carbonates Jurassic marine carbonates Jurassic marine carbonates
Scope of the 6ork Scope of the 6ork Scope of the 6ork Scope of the 6ork
Petrographical characterization of dolomite facies
Petrophysical characterization of dolomite facies
=Prospective work on the object
3/.&,*/- /F ,H$ 3/.&,*/- /F ,H$ 3/.&,*/- /F ,H$ 3/.&,*/- /F ,H$
S,(#7 &$& S,(#7 &$& S,(#7 &$& S,(#7 &$&
6/26/2013
4
8 88 8
PANORAMIC VIEW OF BEDDING PARALLEL
DOLOMITE IN THE SAMANA SUK FORMATION
EHATA AREA
DARRA AREA
Dol.
Lm St.
Dol.
Lm St.
Lm St.
F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S
Dol.
Lm st.
CEMENT FACTORY CEMENT FACTORY CEMENT FACTORY CEMENT FACTORY
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION
6/26/2013
5
FIELD
OBSERVATIONS
Dol.
Lm St.
Dol.
Dol. Lm St.
Dol.
Dol.
Lm St.
Lm St.
Lm St.
F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S F*$3# /9S$:&,*/-S
Dol. I
Dol. II
SD
Dol. I
SD
Dol. I
Cal.
Dol.
Lm St.
6/26/2013
6
;; ;; ;; ;;
.&,&.3&S,*. #/3/M*,$ .&,&.3&S,*. #/3/M*,$ .&,&.3&S,*. #/3/M*,$ .&,&.3&S,*. #/3/M*,$
Brecciation in dolomite bodies due to faultin!fracturin
M&./S./P*.<M*./S./P*. /9S$:&,*/-S M&./S./P*.<M*./S./P*. /9S$:&,*/-S M&./S./P*.<M*./S./P*. /9S$:&,*/-S M&./S./P*.<M*./S./P*. /9S$:&,*/-S
PP3 = .3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different calcite and dolomite phases PP3 = .3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different calcite and dolomite phases PP3 = .3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different calcite and dolomite phases PP3 = .3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different calcite and dolomite phases
Dol. I
Dol. II
"TC
6/26/2013
7
.3 = PP3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different dolomite and calcite phases" .3 = PP3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different dolomite and calcite phases" .3 = PP3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different dolomite and calcite phases" .3 = PP3 Photomicrographs sho6ing different dolomite and calcite phases"
"TC
Dol. II
Dol. I
Dol. I
"TC
"TC
Intercr#stalline $orosit# in matri% dolomite
&ore'fillin calcite in bet(een dolomite cr#stals
6/26/2013
8
Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation 1 11 1 M" M" Shah! >?;0 M" M" Shah! >?;0 M" M" Shah! >?;0 M" M" Shah! >?;0
EFFECT OF
DEDOLO)ITI*ATION
ON RESERVOIR
&RO&ERTIES
Dissolution associated with dedolomitized part of dolomite crystals
Removal of late stage (TC) further enhance reservoir character
;@
SELECTIVE
DISSOLUTION
Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation Multiple stages of dedolomiti'ation 1 11 1 &&PA .onference! 9arcelona (B &&PA .onference! 9arcelona (B &&PA .onference! 9arcelona (B &&PA .onference! 9arcelona (B- -- -;?! &pril >?;0) ;?! &pril >?;0) ;?! &pril >?;0) ;?! &pril >?;0)
RELATED TO EARLY
PHASE OF
DEDOLOMITIZATION
DUE TO UPLIFT OF THE
REGION AFTER
OLIGOCENE
6/26/2013
9
POROSITY POROSITY POROSITY POROSITY- -- -PERMEABILITY PERMEABILITY PERMEABILITY PERMEABILITY
ANALYSES ANALYSES ANALYSES ANALYSES- -- -
STATISTICAL APPROACH STATISTICAL APPROACH STATISTICAL APPROACH STATISTICAL APPROACH
;B ;B ;B ;B
Porosit) Porosit) Porosit) Porosit)- -- -permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( ! +) ! +) ! +) ! +) 1 11 1
.omparison 6ith eCisting data .omparison 6ith eCisting data .omparison 6ith eCisting data .omparison 6ith eCisting data
from Woody et al. (1996) in Warren (2000)
0,1
1
10
100
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Porosity (%)
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
m
D
)
Interlocking saddle Dolomite
Zebra Dolomite
Sucrosic Dolomite
Lucia (1999) fits
6/26/2013
10
;D ;D ;D ;D
Porosit) Porosit) Porosit) Porosit)- -- -permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( ! +) ! +) ! +) ! +) 1 11 1
Porosit) correction (calcite cement) Porosit) correction (calcite cement) Porosit) correction (calcite cement) Porosit) correction (calcite cement)
Mean=6.13.1%
Mean=13.46.9%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Breccia Saddle Saddle Zebra Zebra Zebra Zebra Zebra Zebra Zebra
P
o
r
o
s
ity
(%
)
Corrected Porosity (%)
Measured He Porosity (%)
>? >? >? >?
Porosit) Porosit) Porosit) Porosit)- -- -permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( ! +) ! +) ! +) ! +) 1 11 1
Porosit) correction Porosit) correction Porosit) correction Porosit) correction
y = 1,2349x + 6,4159
R2 = 0,4175
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Measured He Porosity (%)
C
o
rrec
ted
P
o
ro
s
ity (%
)
Srie1
Linaire (Srie1)
0,1
1
10
0 5 10 15 20 25
Corrected Porosity (%)
C
a
lc
u
la
te
d
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
ility
(m
D
)
Calculated Permeabili ty (mD) Interlocking
Calculated Permeabili ty (mD) Zebra
Real values
y = -0,0022x2 + 0,248x - 0,2183
R2 = 0,5517
y = 0,0002x2 + 0,0615x + 0,1752
R2 = 0,2408
0,1
1
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Porosity (%)
P
e
rm
e
a
b
ility
(m
D
)
Saddle Dol.
Zebra Dol.
Polynomial (Zebra Dol.)
Polynomial (Saddle Dol.)
1
2
3
6/26/2013
11
>; >; >; >;
Porosit) Porosit) Porosit) Porosit)- -- -permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( ! +) ! +) ! +) ! +) 1 11 1
Porosit) correction: *nterpretation Porosit) correction: *nterpretation Porosit) correction: *nterpretation Porosit) correction: *nterpretation
0,1
1
10
100
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Corrected Porosity (%)
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d

P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
m
D
)
Calculated Permeability (mD)
Interlocking
Calculated Permeability (mD) Zebra
Real values
Interboundary
pores
>> >> >> >>
Porosit) Porosit) Porosit) Porosit)- -- -permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( permeabilit) anal)ses ( ! +) ! +) ! +) ! +) 1 11 1
*mportance of breccias < cataclasts *mportance of breccias < cataclasts *mportance of breccias < cataclasts *mportance of breccias < cataclasts
from Woody et al. (1996) in Warren (2000)
0,1
1
10
100
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Porosity (%)
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
m
D
)
Interlocking saddle Dolomite
Zebra Dolomite
Sucrosic Dolomite
Cataclastic
6/26/2013
12
>0 >0 >0 >0
P//S*,7 P//S*,7 P//S*,7 P//S*,7- -- -P$M$&9*3*,7 &-&37S$S P$M$&9*3*,7 &-&37S$S P$M$&9*3*,7 &-&37S$S P$M$&9*3*,7 &-&37S$S
Type Dolomite Sample Xll size
Texture
Modification Cement type +% Porosity Type E.Porosity % (%) Jmicro P% k (mD) Corrected P%
(m) Visual (He) Point count cement+
I. Sucrosic
RQ40 400-500 Pptation Fill + 7% Intercrystalline 7% 5% 6,66 0,43 11,5
RT76 100-200 Cataclastic Sparry + 15% Intercrystalline 12% 3% 7,71 15
II. Interlocking
RQ35 100-300 Dissolution Unfilled intercrystalline + Vuggy 4% + 5% 3,5 6,24 0,27 4
400-600
RQ42 50-100 Dissolution Microgranular + 10% Intercrystalline + Vuggy 10% + 15% 11,43 10
200-300 2-5%
RH103 200-300 Diss./Pptation Telogenetic/ fract Recryst. reduced sec. interxlline 1-2% 2,37 2
RQ29H 100-200 Cata./ Diss. Granular + 15% Intercrystalline 7% 4% 6,59 0,17 10,7
20-50
RQ30 100-500 Cata./ Diss. Fill + 12% Intercrystalline 12-15% 3,3 3,25 0,14 15
RQ28 600-800 Cataclastic Sparry + 10% intercrystalline 7% 8% 10,58 0,19 17
RQ26 100-300 Cata./ Diss. Telogenetic/ Fracture Channel/ Fracture 4% 1% 6,01 0,01 4
RQ44 200-400 Dissolution Unfill Vuggy + Intercrystalline 5% + 4% 3% 7,13 0,17 4
RQ45 500-600 Dissolution Sparry + 10% Vuggy + Intercrystalline 15% + 5% 7% 11,8 17
III. Zebra
RH100 200-300 Diss./ Pptation Intercrystalline 3% 1,92 3
700-900 1,03
RQ36 25-75 Dissolution Sparry + 15% Intercrystalline 10% 13% 28
500-600
RQ41 100-200 Dissolution Sparry + 10% vuggy + Intercrystalline 20% + 12% 11 18,09 0,9 12
400-500 vuggy 2-3% 8,68
RQ33 100-300 Dissolution Fill + 12% Intercrystalline 11% 3% 11,24 0,28 15
400-700 1-3% 7,6
>2 >2 >2 >2
Field stud) Field stud) Field stud) Field stud)
dolomites restricted to bedding planes
Multiple phases and cataclastic nature of dolomites indicate episodic and
high pressure dolomitising fluids.
Multi-phase fluid flow (hydrofracturing, breccias)
0 dolomite teCtures: .oarse Elline! *nterlocking Saddle! Fine Elline" 0 dolomite teCtures: .oarse Elline! *nterlocking Saddle! Fine Elline" 0 dolomite teCtures: .oarse Elline! *nterlocking Saddle! Fine Elline" 0 dolomite teCtures: .oarse Elline! *nterlocking Saddle! Fine Elline"
Various dolomite associated diagenetic events and calcite
precipitation
Petrophysical differences
eservoir properties eservoir properties eservoir properties eservoir properties
outcrop meteoric calcite plugging
Dolomite brecciation and dissolution/precipitation played a key role in
porosity distribution.
Porosity corrections limited properties however...
3$SS/-S 3$&-, 3$SS/-S 3$&-, 3$SS/-S 3$&-, 3$SS/-S 3$&-,
6/26/2013
13
F(,($ P$SP$.,*:$S F(,($ P$SP$.,*:$S F(,($ P$SP$.,*:$S F(,($ P$SP$.,*:$S
Establis+ment of detailed $araenetic se,uence
Relations+i$ bet(een diaenetic e-ents and $orosit# en+ancement
.eoc+emical studies and isoto$ic anal#ses
Detailed numerical modelin
>@ >@ >@ >@