Module 8

Module 8
Community Participation
Introduction
In this module, womens knowledge of their being
part of women, will be strengthened. They will
realize the importance of organizing themselves in
relation to their involvement in community
activities. They will have an opportunity to
understand the essence of a community and the
importance of community participation. This will
create a venue for the women to relate and interact
with other women and be analytical in identifying
community problems, their causes, and the possible
solutions. They will be able to discuss and initiate
actions on issues that affect them as a marginalized
sector. The module ultimately aims to organize and
mobilize women to become productive members of
their community.
Module Objectives
The module aims to:
1. Create a venue where the participants will be able to connect
with other women as part of a marginalized sector in society
1
!. Tap" organize and strengthen the women#s group
$. %tir the women to participate in community activities and have
a sta&e in community development.
'. (ngage the participants in problem analysis
). *uide the participants to prepare a plan or pro+ect proposal
addressing the problems in their community.
2
Table of Contents
Topic Page
Session Flow )
Session 1:
,omen as a -arginalized %ector .
Session 2:
Tapping" /rganizing and %trengthening
,omen#s *roup 1'
Session 3:
0ntroduction to Community 1evelopment !1
Session 4:
Problem 2nalysis !.
Session 5:
Community Pro+ect Planning $3
Session 6:
Community45ased 2ssessment '3
nne! :
The -arginalized %ectors '.
nne! ":
The 6eed for a Cooperative 5ehavior )1
nne! C:
Constitution and 5y47aws of Kalipunan
ng iping !ilipina "K#$!$% ,omen#s
8ederation
)$
nne! #:
3
Topic Page
/rganizations90nstitutions 0nteracting in the
Community 3:
nne! $:
;uotations <elated to Community
1evelopment :1
nne! F:
Community 1evelopment Principles :'
nne! %:
Problem Tree 2nalysis :=
nne! &:
Pro+ect and Pro+ect Cycle ::
nne! ':
Pro+ect Planning .1

4
Session Flow
Topics Met(odolog) Mate*ials
+eeded
Ti,e
llot,ent
Session 1:
,omen as a
-arginalized
%ector
2ctivity 1:
,or&shop on
,ho are the
,omen
7ecture4
1iscussion
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er"
newsprint with
19$ part collage
of women
pictures on the
upper part"
pentel pens"
mas&ing tape
1 hour
Session 2:
Tapping"
/rganizing
and
%trengthenin
g ,omen#s
*roup
2ctivity 1:
%haring on
7eadership9
-embership
in >arious
/rganizations
7ecture4
1iscussion
(lection of
/fficers
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er
1.) hours
5
+eeded
Ti,e
llot,ent
8ormation of
Committees
Conduct of
/rganizationa
l -eeting
Session 3:
0ntroduction
to
Community
1evelopment
2ctivity 1:
,or&shop on
the >ision of
a 1eveloped
Community
7ecture4
1iscussion
2ctivity !:
%haring on
the
0nstitutions
0nvolved in
Community
1evelopment
2ctivity $:
<eflection on
;uotations on
Community
1evelopment
7ecture4
1iscussion
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er
pentel pens"
crayons"
old magazines"
newsprint
1.) hours
6
+eeded
Ti,e
llot,ent
Session 4:
Problem
2nalysis
2ctivity 1 :
Problem
2nalysis
(?ercise
7ecture4
1iscussion
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er"
newsprint" pentel
pens" mas&ing
tape
1.) hours
Session 5:
Community
Pro+ect
Planning
2ctivity 1:
%haring on
Pro+ect
1evelopment
Cycle
7ecture4
1iscussion
2ctivity !:
2ction
Planning
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er
1.) hours
Session 6:
Community4
5ased
2ssessment
,or&shop
Plenary
1iscussion
handouts"
Powerpoint"
7C1"
laptop"
chal&"
whiteboard
mar&er
newsprint" pentel
pens" mas&ing
1 hour
7
+eeded
Ti,e
llot,ent
tape
*earing for %ocial 2ction: -anual for the 8ormation Course of the
Civic ,elfare Training %ervice of the Center for %ocial Concerns and
2ction @C/%C2A of 1e 7a %alle Bniversity" authored by Pedro Carlos
<. 5aclagon is used as a ma+or reference for this module.
8
S$SS'-+ 1
./-M$+0 S M1%'+2'3$#
S$CT-1
Introduction
This module will bring us bac& again to the real situation of women in
the society to serve an eye opener and relate it with the thrust of
wor&ing together in the community to the empowerment of women in
the society.
Module Objectives
2t the end of the session the participants should be able to:
1. Bnderstand the situation of women as marginalized sector.
Estimated time
1 Cour
Methodology
,or&shop
7ecture9discussion
9
Materials
Candouts
Powerpoint" 7C1" laptop
Chal&" ,hiteboard mar&er
6ewsprints
Pentel pen
-as&ing tape
Procedure
cti4it) 1: /o*5s(op on ./(o a*e t(e /o,en60
1. <efresh the memory of the participants by relating this session
with their awareness of themselves as women during the
session on %elf41iscovery as contained in the %elf4
(nhancement -odule as well as the situation of women as part
of the *ender %ensitivity %ession.
!. Post on the board the earlier prepared newsprint with cut4out
pictures depicting the situation of women.
$. 0ntroduce the activity by saying that the session will enable
them to learn more about women as a sector.
'. 0nform them that their thoughts and ideas are valuable so they
are being as&ed what they thin& of when they hear the word
women. They can loo& at the pictures pasted on the
10
newsprint to stimulate their mind. They can also thin& based on
their own e?perience or what they have observed around.
). (ncourage them to thin& of words9phrases that will describe
women.
=. 2s& them to ta&e turns to write those words in the newsprint
where pictures of women are pasted using the available pentel
pens.
3. 1iscuss the situationer on women based on what has been
written on the newsprint. (?pound on the ideas shared that
show women as a marginalized sector.
Processing
1. 2s& the participants the following Duestions:
a7 ffecti4e 2e4el
,hile you are undergoing the activity" what was your
reactionE
b7 Cogniti4e 2e4el
,hat did you learn from the e?erciseE
!. %ynthesize the responses and proceed to the discussion of the
Fey 7earning Points.
11
?
!
?
!
Key Learning Points
1. .Ma*ginali8ed0 means having a lower" unimportant and
powerless position in society. Ma*ginali8ed wo,en are those
who have e?perienced to be abused se?ually" physically"
emotionally" psychologically and economically. They do not
have or lac& access to basic social services.

!. ,omen are considered one of the marginalized sectors along
with farmers" fishermen" indigenous people" urban poor"
laborers and children. &efer to #nne' # "The
(arginalized )ectors%.
Alication
8or the participants to:
a. <e4thin& of the other situation of women in the
community that continue to be the source of ineDuality
and discrimination of women in the society
Synthesis
,omen continue to be the marginalized group in the society they
have lower positions" loo& at unimportant and powerless. They are
often abused se?ually" physically" emotionally" psychologically and
economically.
12
!ote to the Facilitator
#lways stress the connection of one session to the other
and the connection of one module to the other.
13
S$SS'-+ 2
TPP'+%9 -1%+'3'+%
+# ST1$+%T&$+'+% /-M$+:S
%1-;P
Introduction
,omen#s group is beginning to emerge in a society and a various
activities are underta&en to achieve the goal of empowering women.
This session will highlight the importance of having a group and on
how to establish a group of women in a community.
Session Objectives
2t the end of the session" the participants should be able to:
1. (numerate their membership and official posts in various
organizations
!. /rganize themselves if they have no formal organization yet
$. %trengthen their organization" if they already have one and
'. Goin Kalipunan ng iping !ilipina "K#$!$% if their
group is not lin&ed to it yet.
Estimated time
14
1 Cour and $H -inutes
Methodology
*roup sharing
7ecture91iscussion
%imulation (?ercise
Materials
Candouts
Powerpoint" 7C1" 7aptop
Procedure
15
cti4it) 1: S(a*ing on Me,be*s(ip<2eade*s(ip in =a*ious
-*gani8ations
1. <elate this activity with a wor&shop titled 0dentification of
<esponsibilities of /fficers and -embers as contained in the
7eadership -odule" which precede the Community
Participation -odule.
!. 2s& the participants to enumerate their membership and
leadership posts in various types of organizations" e.g. family"
church" school" civic groups" etc.
$. ,rite their responses on the board.
'. Tell the participants" that if they do not have a formal women#s
group yet" that it is high time for them to organize themselves
especially after learning more about the women sector.
). (ncourage them to be part of Falipunan ng iping
!ilipina "K#$!$%" the official organized women#s group
of the 1epartment of %ocial ,elfare and 1evelopment
@1%,1A.
=. %ynthesize the responses and proceed to the discussion of the
Fey 7earning Point.
16
Key Learning Points
1. Caving an organized group will ma&e it easier for women to be
tapped in community activities and even in solving community
problems.
!. (mphasize the need for cooperative behavior. 8ocus on the si?
main principles that a wor& team must consider in order to
ensure effective group cooperation and performance. &efer to
#nne' * "The +eed for a ,ooperative *ehavior%.
$. %*oup wo*5 is not +ust a matter of different people getting
together in order to perform certain tas&s. /ne has to ta&e into
consideration such interpersonal factors as the attitude of the
members towards their group leader and towards each other
the attitude of the group leader towards his9her subordinates
the personality of each group member" and so on. 0f these
factors are ignored or neglected" the spirit of cooperation
within the group becomes wea& and thus" the group becomes
ineffective in doing their wor&.
'. The following should be considered to ensure effective group
cooperation and performance:
a. 2 person#s overall self4esteem is greatly
influenced by his9her wor& team.
b. -ost people want to be accepted in and have
smooth relationships with at least one member of the small
groups to which they belong.
17
c. 2 group cannot achieve ma?imum effectiveness
if the leader always has to perform all the leadership and
maintenance functions.
d. 0f the group members are discouraged from
e?pressing their feelings towards each other" problem
solving" personal growth" and even +ob satisfaction will be
negatively affected.
e. >ery often" a member#s level of interpersonal
trust" support and cooperation within his9her wor& team is
lower than it should be.
f. Problems of wrong attitude and wor&
motivation within the group should be solved by changing
the nature of the members# interpersonal relationships
towards each other.
). The organizational meeting shall consist of the following:
a. -b>ecti4e Setting I what the group aims to achieve
b. Setting C*ite*ia fo* Me,be*s(ip ? what are the
Dualifications of women for membership in their
organization
c. $lection of -ffice*s I nomination and election of
president" vice president" treasurer and secretary
d. 0dentifying the committee and assigning of committee
members
e. Choosing the name of the organization
18
Alication
The participants to:
1. (lect their officers to organize themselves formally.
!. Conduct an organizational meeting. &efer to #nne' ,
",onstitution and *y-aws of K#$!$% as reference.
Synthesis
/rganizing women#s group in a community is the best mode to
encourage women to become more active in the community affairs as
well as in eliciting their active participation to improve their situations
in the society.
,omen#s group need to have a clear set of ob+ectives" with specific
criteria to become a member" must have a set of officers and
committees and together they will set their goals and functions.
(ffective group cooperation and performance to wor& together for the
empowerment of women should be the main goal above all for any
women#s organization.
19
S$SS'-+ 3
'+T1-#;CT'-+
T- C-MM;+'T@ #$=$2-PM$+T
Introduction
This session will aim to discuss what is community development and
what is the role of women and how they can be involved in the
process of achieving community development. This session will also
give an overview of the different principles of community
development.
Session Objectives
1. Create vision of what is a developed community
!. 0dentify the institutions involved in community development
$. (numerate the community development principles and
'. %ituate the role of women in attaining community
development.
Estimated time
20
1 Cour and $H minutes
Methodology
,or&shop
7ecture91iscussion
*roup sharing and <eflection
Materials
Candouts
Pentel pens
Crayons
-agazines
Procedure
cti4it) 1: /o*5s(op: /(at is a =ision of a #e4eloped
Co,,unit)
Tell the participants that they have $H minutes to do the wor&shop.
21
1ivide the participants into group of five members.
1istribute newsprint" old magazines" crayons" pentel pens and
glue.
2s& them to cut out pictures and words9phrases that will depict
their vision of a developed community and ma&e a collage.
2s& the groups to select their representatives who will report their
outputs.
,rite and organize the &ey words of the report on the board using
the matri? below:
=ision of a #e4eloped Co,,unit)
Co,ponents of t(e Co,,unit) spects in t(e Co,,unit)
e.g. people" resources" roads" etc. e.g. economic prosperity" freedom"
cultural development" etc.
1. Present the summary and reDuest a participant to put together
all that has been said and reflected in the matri? to come up
with a vision of a developed community. *et the consensus of
the participants.
.
!. <eDuest the secretary of the group to record the vision of a
developed community as agreed upon by the group as a
reference in the forthcoming sessions.
$. %ynthesize the results of the presentation and proceed to the
discussion of the Fey 7earning Points.
22
Processing
b7 ffecti4e 2e4el
,hile you are doing the e?ercise" what was your
reactionE
c7 Cogniti4e 2e4el
Key Learning Points
1. 2 co,,unit) is a group of people with a common bond"
sharing common interests" having the same plight" and living
independently within a contagious locality.
!. #e4elop,ent is a process which all people are actively and
meaningfully involved in ensuring that their collective" social"
economic" political" cultural" spiritual and physical well4being.
23
?!
?!
$. Co,,unit) de4elop,ent is a process by which a group of
people act collectively towards ensuring the whole well4being
of each member.
Procedure
cti4it) 2: S(a*ing on T(e 'nstitutions 'n4ol4ed in Co,,unit)
#e4elop,ent
1. Tell the participants that the vision of a developed community
will only be achieved through the cooperation of sta&eholders
@institutions9 organizationsA in the community.
!. 2s& the participants to name the institutions9organizations in
the community that contribute in the attainment of community
development. 2lso as& them to enumerate the possible services
offered by these institutions9organizations.
$. ,rite their responses on the board.
'. %ynthesize the responses and proceed to the discussion of the
Key Learning Points
24

1. There are various institutions9organizations in the community
that interact in the community. <efer to #nne' .
"/rganizations0$nstitutions $nteracting in the
,ommunity%.
!. The following can be tapped to assist in community
development: government organizations @*/A" business
organizations" 6on4*overnment /rganizations @6*/A"
educational institutions" church and church4related institutions"
and People#s /rganizations @P/A.
Procedure
cti4it) 3: 1eflection on Auotations on Co,,unit) #e4elop,ent
1. Post Duotations of prominent people in history in the room that
are relevant to community development &efer to #nne' 1
"2uotations &elated to ,ommunity .evelopment%.
!. 2s& selected participants to select a Duotation and e?plain what
they understand from it.
$. ,rite the &ey words on the board.
25
Be) 2ea*ning Points
1. Co,,unit) de4elop,ent is a process that should be
underta&en based on the principles of empowerment"
eDuitability" sustainability" holistic and integrative" and cultural
sensitivity and gender4fairness. &efer to #nne' 3
",ommunity .evelopment !rinciples%.
Alication
Participants to group themselves into triad and to brainstorm on the
possible roles of women in community development and to specify
possible involvement that they can commit when they go bac& to their
respective communities.
Synthesis
Community development is a process by which a group of people act
collectively towards ensuring the whole well4being of each member in
the community. 1ifferent people and organizations wor& towards the
achievement of community development based on the principles of
empowerment" eDuitability" sustainability" holistic and integrative" and
cultural sensitivity and gender4fairness.
26
S$SS'-+ 4
P1-"2$M +2@S'S
Introduction
(ngagement of the people in analyzing the problems in the community
is the first step towards achieving a participatory action and effort in
developing the community. This session will provide women an
opportunity to realize the causes and effects of community problems.

Session Objectives
1. (ngage in problem analysis
!. 0dentify the causes and effects of community problems
$. 0dentify specific contributions" activities" resources or
opportunities in solving the identified problems and
'. <an& the problems to be addressed based on urgency.
Estimated time
27
1 Cour
Methodology
,or&shop
7ecture91iscussion
Materials
Candouts
6ewsprint
Pentel pen" mas&ing tape
28
Procedure
cti4it) 1: P*oble, nal)sis $!e*cise
There are three ways to do problem analysis as presented in this
session. The participants can use a matri?" a Problem Tree or a >enn
1iagram.
;sing a Mat*i!
1. Tell the participants that they have !H minutes to do the
e?ercise.
!. 8or the use of the matri?" divide the participants into small
groups of five members.
$. 2s& the participants identify their leader and a reporter.
'. (ngage them in problem analysis through the identification of
problems that they observe in their community" ponder on their
causes and effects" and come up with recommendations to
solve the problems using the sample below:
P*oble, Causes $ffects 1eco,,endation
s
(?ample:
JJJJJJ
number
of
children
suffered
7ac& of
safe
drin&ing
water
Poor
Poor
academic
performanc
e
Poor school
Parents
Class9Public
health lectures
@(nvironmental
%anitation" other
modulesA
29
P*oble, Causes $ffects 1eco,,endation
s
from
diarrhea
sanitation
0mproper
food
handling
7ac& of
awareness
on proper
nutrition
Poor health
of pregnant
or lactating
mother
0naccessibl
e health
services
attendance
0ncrease
mortality
rate
2dditional
e?penses
for the
family
<egular visits of
health officers in
the barangay.
). 2s& the reporters to present their group outputs.
=. Feep a copy of the matri? of identified problems as reference
for future sessions.
30
P*oble, T*ee nal)sis
1. 8or the details on Problem Tree 2nalysis" refer to #nne' 4
"!roblem Tree #nalysis%.
=enn #iag*a,
1. Tell the participants to determine the available internal and
e?ternal resources in addressing the identified problems.
!. Teach the participants how to prepare a >enn 1iagram by
doing the following steps:
a. 2s& each group to list all the e?isting organizations in
their community that they believe can help in addressing
their identified problems.
b. 1raw a circle in the middle of a newsprint symbolizing
their community.
c. 2dd other circles for the organizations they identified.
d. The distance of each circle from the main circle should
symbolize the freDuency of contacts and the e?tent to
which they can provide assistance.
$. 2s& the groups to present their outputs.
;pdating t(e Mat*i!
31
1. 0nstruct the participants to go bac& to the matri? they used
earlier @in case they also used the matri? for this e?erciseA and
put another column where they can indicate the responsible
person or agency which can help address the problems based
on the result of their >enn 1iagram.
P*oble
,
Cause
s
$ffect
s
1eco,,end
ations
1esponsible
Pe*son o*
genc)
%ynthesize the results of the presentation and proceed to the discussion
of the Fey 7earning Points.
Processing
a7 ffecti4e 2e4el
,hile you are doing the e?ercise" what was your
reactionE
b7 Cogniti4e 2e4el
32
?!
?!
Key Learning Points
1. There are available tools in problem analysis that can be used
depending on the assessment of the facilitator that will be more
suited to the participants.
!. <efer to 2nne? * for additional information.
Alication
1. 2nalyze community problems using the different tools
from the session.
33
Synthesis
Conducting problem analysis in the community led people to have a
common understanding of the situations in the community. 0n
analyzing the problems in the community" the causes and their effects
should be clearly specified and from it specific recommendations can
be brainstormed. 2nalyzing the problems together" help elicit a
common understanding and insights on how people can wor& together
towards solving the problems in the community.
To ma'imize the use of problem analysis, the participants
coming from the same barangay should be assigned in the
same group.
34
S$SS'-+ 5
C-MM;+'T@ P1-C$CT P2++'+%
Introduction
Bpon review and analysis of the problems in the community" visioning
follows and the preparation of pro+ect plans. This session will aim
women to be involved in the process of pro+ect identification and
selection in responding to the problems in the community.

Session Objectives
1. (?plain the pro+ect development concepts
!. <eview the identified community problems and the vision for
the community in preparation for pro+ect planning
$. (ngage in pro+ect identification and selection" and identify
specific pro+ect in response to an identified problem which the
group can underta&e
'. Prepare a pro+ect proposal or plan of action for si? months" that
will address the identified problems
). 0mplement identified pro+ect@sA based on the prepared action
plan.
35
Estimated time
1 hour and $H minutes
Methodology
*roup sharing
7ecture91iscussion
,or&shop
Materials
Candouts
6ewsprint
Pentel pens
-as&ing tape
36
Procedure
cti4it) 1: S(a*ing on P*o>ect #e4elop,ent Concepts
1. 2s& the participants what they understand about pro+ect and
pro+ect cycle.
!. ,rite their responses on the board.
$. 7in& the discussion and the inputs with the identified problems
and the vision of the developed community in the past
sessions.
Key Learning Points
1. 2 p*o>ect is a set of interrelated activities underta&en by a
group of people within a specific period to achieve the
ob+ectives defined by a group. <efer to #nne' 5 "!ro6ect
and !ro6ect ,ycle%.
!. (ach pro+ect undergoes a cyclical process called p*o>ect c)cle:
a. %ituational analysis
b. *eneration of pro+ect ideas
37
c. Pro+ect selection
d. Pro+ect planning9preparation of proposal
e. 8und sourcing9pro+ect appraisal and preparations
f. Pro+ect implementation and monitoring.
$. 2 pro+ect can lead to a new pro+ect at any stage of the pro+ect
cycle.
'. Community pro+ects can only be effective if they follow some
guiding principles li&e being participative" gender4sensitive"
community4based" sustainable and learning4oriented. The
principles of community pro+ects are consistent with the
community development principles that of being empowering
@participativeA" sustainable and gender4fair.
). P*o>ect Planning is a discipline for stating how to complete a
pro+ect within a certain timeframe" usually with defined stages"
and with designated resources. Pro+ect planning divides the
activity into: &efer to #nne' 7 "!ro6ect !lanning%.
a. %etting goals9ob+ectives @these should be measurableA
b. 0dentifying deliverables
c. Planning the schedule
d. -a&ing supporting plans
38
=. The pro+ect proposal shall include the following information:
a. P*oble, State,ent
,hat is the situation in the communityE @provide a
short conte?tA
,hat are the problems in the communityE
,hat are the development challenges faced by the
communityE
Cow does the problem affect the communityE @e?plain
the causes and effects through actual" concrete felt
conditionsA
b. P*oposed Solution
,hat are the proposed solutions to address the
problems identifiedE
8ormulate the solutions by using ob+ective
statements.
6ote that most problems reDuire multiple solutions.
(?plain each solution component through the following
matri?:
39
P*oble,<
#e4elop,ent
C(allenge
Solution<
Co,ponent
&ow will
t(is
add*ess
t(e
p*oble,6
/(at a*e
t(e
p*o>ected
benefits6
To
/(o,6
/(at a*e
t(e
p*o>ected
costDsE6
/(e*e
will t(ese
be
sou*ced6
3. 0mplementation 2rrangements
a. Cow will this proposal be implementedE
,hat are the &ey activities to implement this
pro+ectE
,hat is9are the organizational arrangement@sA for
implementationE "8ho will implement this9%
P*o>ect -b>ecti4e
cti4ities $!pected
-utput
Pe*son
1esponsible
#eadline<
Ti,ef*a,e
1esou*ces
1eFui*ed
40
Procedure
cti4it) 2: ction Planning
1. Tell the participants that they have $H minutes to do the
activity.
!. 1ivide the participants into groups of five members.
$. 5e ready to share with the groups the vision of a developed
community and the matri? of identified community problems
which were discussed in the previous sessions.
'. 0nstruct them to prepare a si?4month plan for the
implementation of their identified pro+ect using this template:
P*o>ect Title
-b>ecti4
e
Specific
cti4itie
s
Ti,e
F*a,
e
1esponsibl
e Pe*sons
"udgeta*)
1eFui*e,en
t
$!pected
-utputs
). (?plain each column with the following inputs:
a. -b>ecti4es I statement of what the pro+ect hopes to
achieve or accomplish.
41
b. cti4ities I actions necessary to meet the ob+ectives
set.
c. Ti,e F*a,e I refers to the dates when specific tas&s
or activities will be accomplished.
d. Pe*son 1esponsible I the name of the person who will
carry out the activities.
e. "udgeta*)<1esou*ce 1eFui*e,ent I any source of
aid or support" means or capabilities of any &ind: an
e?pedient action or measure.
f. $!pected -utputs 4 what the activity hopes to
accomplish.

=. 2s& the groups to identify their representative who will present
their outputs.
3. 7et each group present their Plan of 2ction for si? months for
comments from other groups and inputs from the facilitator.
Alication
1. 0mplement their pro+ect or action plan.
42
Synthesis
Pro+ect planning is necessary for women to underta&e to enable them
to plan well and completely the necessary preparatory activities that
they should underta&e. Community pro+ects can only be effective if all
members of the women group are involved and following the
principles of participative" gender4sensitive" community4based"
sustainable and learning4oriented.
The preparation of a full-blown pro6ect proposal is
discussed in this session but due to time constraints, it will
be best to encourage the participants to come up with 6ust
an #ction !lan for si' months, as their output for this
module.
1ncourage the participants to implement their plans. The
ultimate goal of ,ommunity !articipation (odule is to
motivate the organized group of women to contribute to
community development, not only through the
conceptualization of a pro6ect in response to the problems
in their community0preparation of an action plan, but
most importantly implementing said pro6ect or action plan.
43
S$SS'-+ 6
C-MM;+'T@?"S$# SS$SSM$+T
Introduction
This session will discuss how community4based assessment of
community pro+ects underta&en by the women#s group based on the
action plan they have prepared. This activity will complete the pro+ect
cycle.

Session Objectives
2t the end of the session" the participants should be able to:
1. 2ssess the implementation of their pro+ect based on the action
plan prepared si? months ago.
Estimated time
1 hour
44
Methodology
*roup sharing
7ecture91iscussion
,or&shop
Materials
Procedure
1. Convene the participants after si? month to assess their
pro+ect9plan implementation.
!. *roup the participants according to their pro+ect. 2s& them to
identify the outputs and outcome of their pro+ects" problems
encountered and their proposed solutions to the problems.
$. 2s& the groups to identify their representatives who will
present their group outputs.
'. The facilitator will give inputs after the presentation.
45
nne!
T(e Ma*ginali8ed Secto*s
Secto* Const*aints
/o,en <ights are violated
1iscriminated
2bused
C(ild*en 8orced to wor&
Bneducated
7ac& of nutrition
Bnsanitary living conditions
(?ploited
;*ban Poo* 7ac& of employment opportunities
0nsecure tenure
7ac& of shelter
2abo*e*s 0nadeDuate income
Bnreasonable layoffs
0nhuman wor&ing conditions
'ndigenous
People
"Katutubo#
1riven out of the land of their
ancestors
<idiculed for their culture
1isregarded and ignored
S,all
Fis(e*,en
7imited technology
%easonality of harvest
1epletion of marine resources due to
dynamite fishing
Competition from commercial fishers
(?ploitation from middlemen
;pland
Fa*,e*s
%oil erosion @due to mining" eco4
tourismA
%easonality of economic activities
46
Secto* Const*aints
7ac& of capital
2andless
g*icultu*al
/o*5e*s
DSagadaE
7ac& of access to any productive
resource
%easonality of demand for labor
>ery limited economic activities
S,all?2and
-wne*?
Culti4ato*s
Cigh cost of farm inputs and post4
harvest facilities
1eclining fertility of the soil because
of Bse of chemical fertilizers
7ac& of farm4to4mar&et roads
(?ploitation from middlemen
5aclagon" Pedro Carlos <. 4earing for )ocial #ction: (anual
for the 3ormation ,ourse of the ,ivic 8elfare Training
)ervice. -anila: Center for %ocial Concern and 2ction @C/%C2A"
!HH$.
47
nne! "
T(e +eed fo* a Coope*ati4e "e(a4io*
*roup wor& is not +ust a matter of different people getting together
in order to perform certain tas&s. /ne has to ta&e into consideration such
interpersonal factors as the attitude of the members towards the group leader
and towards each others the attitudes of the group leader towards his9her
subordinates the personality of each group member" and so on. 0f these
factors are ignored or neglected" the spirit of cooperation within the group
becomes wea& and thus" the group becomes ineffective in doing its wor&.
<ecent findings have shown that there are things to consider in order
to ensure effective group cooperation and performance.
2 person#s overall self4esteem is greatly influenced by his9her
wor& team. ,hat goes on in one#s team affects one#s feelings of
satisfaction and performance.
-ost people want to be accepted in and have smooth
interrelationships with at least one of the small groups to which
they belong @e.g. wor& team" family" gangA. 8urthermore" most
people have the inner potentials for becoming more effective in
their groups and for helping these groups solve problems.
2 group cannot achieve ma?imum effectiveness if the leader
always has to perform all leadership and maintenance functions.
Thus" group members must also assist in leadership functions. 0n
order to achieve this" the leader must recognize the fact that
he9she cannot do everything" and that his9her members are
capable of being more effective if they are given fuller
participation in group activities.
0f the group members are discouraged from e?pressing their
feelings toward each other" problem solving" personal growth"
and +ob satisfaction will be negatively affected. -embers should
be allowed to e?press their feelings. 0f this is done correctly"
there will be greater cooperation and morale within the group.
48
>ery often" a member#s level of interpersonal trust" support and
cooperation within his9her wor& team is lower than it should be
due to obstacles such as:
I a disregard for feelings as an important factor in group
cooperation
I lac& of problem4solving s&ills
I a reward system that encourages members to compete rather
than cooperate
7astly" problems of wrong attitude and wor& motivation within
the group should be solved by changing the nature of the
member#s interpersonal relationships towards each other. 0n
other words" 2#s ob+ective is not get 5 to perform better" but to
interact effectively with 5 in such a way that both of them
become mutually more effective.
8rench" ,endell 7." et al." /rganization .evelopment" 6ew
Gersey: Prentice Call" 0nc." 1.3$.
nne! C
49
C-+ST'T;T'-+ +# "@?2/S
-F T&$ B2'P;++ +% 2'P'+% P'2'P'+ DB2'P'E /-M$+:S
F$#$1T'-+
'nt*oduction
,e" the members of the Falipunan ng 7iping Pilipina" aware of the
needs to unite and rally behind issues concerning women#s welfare and
development" do hereby declare the following as our binding agreements:
*ticle '
+M$9 C&1CT$19 +T;1$
1. 6ame: The name of this organization shall be the Balipunan ng
2iping Pilipina DB2'P'E7
!. 6ational /ffice: The official office of the 6ational F270P0
8ederation shall be located at 1%,1 Central /ffice" Program
-anagement 5ureau at 5atasan Comple?" ;uezon City.
$. Character9nature: F270P0 is a national federation of women#s
organization" committed to respond to the need of organizing the
women which genuinely promotes women#s development and
empowerment through harnessing their strengths and developing
their full potentials as human beings. 0t is non4political" non4profit"
non4stoc& and non4sectarian.
'. %ymbol: The bamboo" being a common resource of 8ilipinos in their
daily struggle for survival and dignity" symbolizes the grass root
women from whom springs the creative force that builds newer and
more +ust societies and towards whom F270P0 programs and
services are directed.
50
). %eal: The official seal of the F270P0 shall be designed and approved
by the members4organizations of the 6ational F270P0.
*ticle ''
STT$M$+T -F P1'+C'P2$S9 "$2'$FS9 =2;$S
1. People#s Participation: F270P0 believes in the sharing of duties"
powers" benefits" privileges" involvement of the socially
disadvantaged women in their own development and in all phase of
decision4ma&ing.
!. %elf4determination: F270P0 adheres to the principle that the need for
change must come from within the hearts of the women" from their
own awareness of their problems and their will to act on them.
$. (?periential 7earning: F270P0 believes in learning through practice
of 2ction4reflection of women#s e?periences in collective decision4
ma&ing and mobilizations" facilitates the learning and development
of women in problem4solving analysis.
'. %elf4reliance: F270P0 believes that through self4reliance" the
creative energy of people can be released through ma?imum and
optimum use of local" human and material resources and capabilities.
). 1emocratic 7eadership: F270P0 recognizes that any organizing
effort is group4centered" not leader oriented. The wor&er is not the
leader" neither are individuals and personalities. The leaders emerge
from and are tested through action. 2s a result" leadership" must" at
all times" be accountable to the group.
=. 5elief in the individual worth and dignity of women as well as their
integrity.
3. 5elief in the women#s capacity to change.
51
:. 5elief in the women#s capacity to determine for themselves" their
needs" their aspirations and how these could be achieved.
.. 5elief in eDual opportunities for women and men.
1H. 5elief in women#s social consciousness and responsibilities towards
themselves" their families and their community.
11. 5elief that most women can derive personal growth and
development if provided with an environment that is both supportive
and challenging.
*ticle '''
%-2S +# -"C$CT'=$S
%ene*al -b>ecti4e:
To articulate clearly the aspirations of women to fundamental
reforms and changes" and wor& for the integration of women in the limelight
of development as well as the promotion of women#s rights and eDuality.
Specific -b>ecti4es:
1. To tap and consolidate the organized strength of women for action
towards enhancing their capacity to wor& for their rights and
welfare.
!. To actualize each women#s potential for leadership and action.
$. To underta&e resource generation campaign that can provide support
to women#s organization.
'. To create" promote and support various programs" pro+ects and
mechanisms that will uplift the condition of women specially those
that belong to the marginalized group4community.
52
). To promote" conduct and support informative and educational
activities @such as trainings" e?posures" etc.A that will eDuip women
with the consciousness" motivation and s&ills needed to initiate
change9development.
=. To underta&e networ&ing and alliance building activities and
establish relationships among local" municipal" provincial and
national women#s organization to foster understanding" cooperation
and solidarity on problems" issues and programs that are of women#s
concern.
3. To establish a unified scepter on the city9municipal" provincial"
regional and national level that will coordinate and strengthen
member organization in promoting the rights and welfare of 8ilipino
women and in advancing the united action of women.
*ticle '=
M$M"$1S&'P
1. -embership: 0t is open primarily to women9women organizations
organized by the 1%,1 or its local counterpart with the following
premises:
a. ,omen at the barangay who are 1:4). years of age
b. ,omen organizations that have at least !) members
c. 2ffiliate members may be accepted from organization not
organized by 1%,1 or its instrumentalities but who subscribed
to the principles" beliefs" values and ob+ectives of the F270P0
and meets its other reDuirements
!. +ational '7#7 I all members should be issued a F270P0 0.1. The
1%,1 Central /ffice through P-5 will come4up with a blue print
of the F270P0 01 for distribution to all field offices including
2<-- for reproduction and distribution to all province"
municipalities" cities and barangays.
53
$. 2oss of ,e,be*s(ip: -emberships may be lost through
resignation" non4abeyance to Constitution and 5y47aws and
consistent non4participation in F270P0 activities upon the decision
of the *eneral 2ssembly.
'. Te*,ination of ,e,be*s(ip: -embers may be terminated
through:
a. >oluntary resignation or disaffiliation" which shall be made
formally in writing through the membership committee.
b. (?pulsion for cause
). Provision for outsiders: 2ffiliate members cannot Dualify for any
elective9appointive position in the F270P0 at all levels @5arangay"
-unicipal" Provincial" <egional and 6ationalA
*ticle =
1'%&TS +# #;T'$S
1. The rights and privileges of the members of F270P0 shall be:
a. To freely participate in all discussions" decision ma&ing"
functions and activities of the federation.
b. To vote and be elected into any position of F270P0.
c. To submit proposals" statements" appeals or complaints to
the e?ecutive council of the federation.
d. To have access to F270P0 records" publications and reports.
e. To be heard in case of complaint and9or grievance.
!. The duties and responsibilities of the members shall be:
a. To promote and carry out the ob+ectives and aims called for
by the federation.
b. To promote the unity of F270P0
54
c. To attend all meetings and other functions called by the
e?ecutive council
d. To perform such other tas&s as may be assigned to him9her
by the e?ecutive council
e. To motivate and influence member organizations on the
principles" decisions and programs of the federation
f. To help in the evaluation of member organizations
g. To pay for fees and dues provided for in this by4laws
h. To participate in activities" pro+ects and programs
i. To send duly designated representative to the *eneral
2ssembly
*ticle ='
F;+#S +# F'++C$
1. The funds of F270P0 will come from the following:
a. -embership fee of P )HH.HH per regional organizations
@6ational 7evelA
b. 2nnual dues of P 1HH.HH9regional organizations for lower levels
depends on the agreed amount by organization9federations
c. 8und4raising activities such as popularity contest" benefit shows"
dances" cultural shows" concerts and other legal means
d. /thers: 1onations9grants from local" national" international
funding agencies
!. Purpose:
,hatever funds will be collected in the name of the organization
will be used for:
a. 2dministrative and operational e?penses I $HK
b. %upport for training and educational activities I !HK
c. %upport for productivity9livelihood pro+ects I )HK
$. Policies re: Bse of 8unds
55
Policies for the use of funds shall be formulated by the
Committee on 8inance and duly approved by the /fficers before
implementation.
'. %afe&eeping
The funds9finance of F270P0 will be placed in a ban& in the
name of the federation @F270P0A. %ignatories of the said account shall be
the chairperson and the Cead of 8inance Committee or the Treasurer
@6ational 8ederationA.
). 2uditing and <eporting
The auditor will be the one to loo& into the in4flow and out4flow
of the finances of the organization. This will be done semi4annually of
the 6ational 8ederation" Duarterly at the <egional" monthly at the
provincial.
56
*ticle =''
M$$T'+%S9 A;-1;M
1. -eetings:
a. The (?ecutive Council of the federation shall meet at least twice
a year for the 6ational Duarterly for the regional9city9provincial
monthly for the municipality
b. %pecial meetings on urgent issues and concerns may be called by
the chairperson upon reDuest of any member organization of the
federation
!. ;uorum: 2 simple ma+ority @19! L 1A of all voting members of the
federation shall constitute a Duorum.
*ticle ='''
-1%+'3T'-+2 ST1;CT;1$
2. Composition
2-C2 2$=$2
1. *eneral 2ssembly: This includes all voting members of the
organization at the local level" and will act as the highest policy
ma&ing body.
!. Council of 7eaders: The elected officials @chairperson" vice4
chairperson" secretary" treasurer" auditor" P<PA and the head of the
committees will consist the council of leaders.
$. ,or&ing Committees: There will be five @)A committees namely:
a. Training and (ducation Committee
b. Committee on -embership
c. Committee on 8inance
d. Committee on Productivity97ivelihood
57
e. Committee on %pecial Concerns
The remaining members of the organization who were not
elected in any post will comprise the committees to be chaired by a
Committee Cead.
6o one from among the members can assume two
functions9responsibilities at one time.
'. 2dviser: 0f and when necessary" the organization can select or
appoint an adviser.
M;+'C'P2 2$=$2
1. *eneral 2ssembly: This will consist of all member organizations
from the barangay level" and will act as the highest policy ma&ing
body.
!. (?ecutive Committee: The e?ecutive committee shall consist the
following:
a. -embers of the council of leader in every member
organization from the local level @chairperson" vice4
chairperson" secretary" treasurer" auditor" P</ and
committee headA
The set of officers for the (?ecutive Committee will be
chosen from among them.
$. ,or&ing Committees: There will be five @)A committees namely:
58
The remaining members of the organization who were not
elected in any post will comprise the committees. 2 committee head
chosen from among them will head it.
6o one from among the members can assume two
functions9responsibilities at one time. The committee head will
automatically be a member of the (?ecutive Committee.
P1-='+C'2 +# 1$%'-+2 2$=$2S
1. *eneral 2ssembly: This will consist of all voting members of the
federation at the municipal level @for a province wide federationA.
The *eneral 2ssembly will act as the highest policy ma&ing body.
!. (?ecutive Council: The (?ecutive Council will be composed of
members of the e?ecutive committee at the municipal level @for a
province wide federationA and e?ecutive council at the provincial
level @for a region4wide federation.A.
a. Chairperson
b. *eneral %ecretary 2ssistant %ecretary
c. Treasurer
d. 2ssistant Treasurer
e. 2uditor
$. 6ational 7evel I The 6ational (?ecutive Council will be composed
of the following positions:
a. Chairperson
b. b.1 >ice4Chairperson I 7uzon
b.! >ice4Chairperson I >isayas
b.$ >ice4Chairperson I -indanao
c. %ecretary *eneral
d. 2ssistant %ecretary
e. Treasurer
59
f. 2ssistant Treasurer
g. 2uditor
h. P</ 4 7uzon
4 >isayas
4 -indanao
i. Committee Ceads
'. ,or&ing Committees: There will be five @)A committees namely:
60
-1%+'3T'-+2 ST1;CT;1$
2-C2 2$=$2
M;+'C'P2 2$=$2
61
GA
Adviser
Council of
Leaders
Chairperson
Vice Chairperson
Treasurer
Auditor
PRO
Head of
Committees
Training &
Education
Committee
em!ership
Committee
"inance
Committee
Committee
on
Productivit#$
Livelihood
Committee
on %pecial
Concerns
P1-='+C'2 +# 1$%'-+2 2$=$2
62
GA
E&ecutive
Committee
Chairperson
Vice Chairperson
%ecretar#
Treasurer
Auditor
PRO
Committee Head (to be
chosen from the council of
leaders of different barangay
level organizations)
Training &
Education
Committee
em!ership
Committee
"inance
Committee
Committee on
Productivit#$
Livelihood
Committee on
%pecial
Concerns
GA
+T'-+2 2$=$2
63
E&ecutive
Council
Chairperson
General %ecretar#
Asst' %ecretar#
Treasurer
Committee Head
Auditor
Training &
Education
Committee
em!ership
Committee
"inance
Committee
Committee on
Productivit#$
Livelihood
Committee on
%pecial
Concerns
GA
Chairperson
Vice Chairperson (
Lu)on* Visa#as and
indanao
%ecretar# General
Asst' %ecretar#
Treasurer
Asst' Treasurer
Auditor
PRO ( Lu)on* Visa#as
and indanao
Committee Heads
5. 8unctions:
%ene*al sse,bl)
1. To formulate policies and guidelines for the operation of the
organization9federation
!. To formulate the programs of the organization9federation
64
E&ecutive
Council
Training &
Education
Committee
em!ership
Committee
"inance
Committee
Committee on
Productivit#$
Livelihood
Committee on
%pecial
Concerns
$. To approve the organization#s annual budget and statement of
accounts
'. To propose and ratify amendments to the by4laws
). To elect the officers of the organizations
=. To form committees necessary in facilitating the organizations
programs and functions
3. To receive" study and approve reports of the organization9federation
:. To appoint and approve the Cead of each committee
Council of 2eade*s
1. Chairperson:
a. Calls and facilitate meetings
b. %igns all documents pertinent to the organization
c. -anage9coordinate the operation of the organization and see
to it the laws" plans and programs are implemented
d. <epresents the organization to official businesses
!. >ice4Chairperson:
a. Performs all other duties of the President" when he9she is not
around
b. 2ct as officer for e?ternal affairs of the organization
$. %ecretary:
a. Ta&e down notes9document all matters discussed in meeting
b. Feep a complete record of all documents pertinent to the
organization @e.g minutes of meetings" list of numbers" etc.A
65
c. %igns all documents pertinent to the organization
d. Prepare and gives all notices of meetings
e. Turn over all documents @pertinent to the organizationA that are
in his9her safe&eeping
'. Treasurer:
a. -anage the in4flow and out4flow of finances of the organization
b. Prepare the financial report of the organization
c. Feep a complete record of all money transactions including the
receipts
d. Coordinate with the activities and programs of the 8inance
Committee
e. Ta&e charge of the safe &eeping of funds9money
f. 1isburse funds9money if necessary" upon the reDuest of the
President and with the approval of the 7eaders
). 2uditor:
a. Conducts audit of the finances of the organization
b. Prepare financial report based on the results of the audit
c. *ives suggestions and recommendations on hoe to improve the
financial management of the organization
=. P</:
a. %end messages to and from the organization and &eep the
members informed re: meetings" activities" etc.
b. Celps the secretary in giving out the notice of meetings"
trainings" etc.
3. 2dviser:
a. 2dvices and guides the operation of the organization
b. 0ntervenes in times of troubles" dispute" disagreement or
when there is a hot issue being decided upon
66
:. Committee Cead:
a. 2cts as the liaison officer of the he9she represents
b. 2ttends leaders meetings
c. *ive feedbac&s on the activities of the committee
d. 7eads the committee in the implementation of its programs
Co,,ittees
1. (ducation Committee:
a. Plan for a continuing non4formal education of members
b. Create venues for them to apply their learning and ensures that
whatever learning acDuired through trainings are being applied
by the members
c. -otivates the members to participate in training" discussion
groups and other capability building activities
!. 8inance Committee:
a. 7aunch income generating activities and resource generation
campaign as strategies to generate funds for the organization
b. Ta&e4charge of the collections of membership fees" and other
dues as agreed upon by all members
c. 7in&4up with other e?erting organizations and9or institution for
coordination and support
$. -embership Committee:
a. -otivates9encourage9recruit new members
b. -onitor the development of each member
c. 2ssess the &nowledge" s&ills and activities of each member
d. (nsures a good relationship among members
'. Committee on 7ivelihood9Productivity:
67
a. 8ormulate plans on how to uplift the socio4economic condition
of members
b. Coordinate with the (ducation Committee for possible s&ills
training and capability building activities
c. %pearhead the implementation of pro+ects
d. %upervise and monitor the implementation of pro+ects and9or
program
e. Conduct pro+ect on program evaluation
f. Prepares report based on the result of the evaluation
$!ecuti4e Co,,ittees:
The function of the e?ecutive committee is similar to that of the
council of leaders.
$!ecuti4e Council:
The (?ecutive council shall ma&e decisions in between council
meeting based on the decisions of F270P0 and shall be composed of a
Chairperson" %ecretary4*eneral" 2ssistant %ecretary" Treasurer and 2ssistant
Treasurer and 2uditor.
1. Chairperson:
a. To preside at all meetings of the council
b. To officially represent F270P0 in meetings" dialogues and
the li&e" with other organizations and forums
c. To perform such other functions as may be designated to
him9her by the council
d. 0n his9her absence" the chairperson may delegate any
member of the council to act in the capacity of the chairperson
!. >ice4Chairperson:
a. Perform the duties of the chairperson in case she is incapable
to perform her functions as such
68
b. /versee the e?ternal affairs of the organization in their area
of +urisdiction
c. Perform other functions that may be assigned to them by the
(?ecutive Council or the *eneral 2ssembly
$. %ecretary *eneral and 2ssistant %ecretary:
a. The two shall wor& together and assume the following
functions:
b. The *eneral %ecretary shall be responsible for the over4all
implementation of the decisions of the council.
c. To supervise the day to day operations of the organization of
the organization
d. To certify the minutes of all meetings and functions of the
committee
e. To send official communications" notices of meetings"
copies of the agenda of all meetings and consultations of the
council
'. Treasurer and 2ssistant Treasurer:
The two shall wor& together and assume the following functions:
a. The treasurer shall be primarily responsible for raising and
ta&ing care of resources
b. To receive funds on behalf of the organization
c. To prepare the financial reports
d. To receive financial reports of member organization
e. To disburse funds as per F270P0 budget and council#s decision
). 8unctions of other officers" refer to Council of 7eaders functions:
C7 Tenu*e:
69
2ll officers of the e?ecutive council" e?ecutive committee" council
of leaders" shall have a tenure of two @!A years and may be re4elected for a
ma?imum of three consecutive terms.
#7 $lection:
The elected officers constituting the council of leaders" (?ecutive
committee and (?ecutive council will head the organization. 2ll Dualified
members through secret balloting will elect the officers.
$7 C*ite*ia fo* Selecting a 2eade*:
1. Can perform the duties and responsibilities assigned to him9her
truthfully and efficiently
!. Fnow how to relate with people" easy to get along with
$. /bserves discipline and can e?ercises discipline over the members
'. Cas a word of honor
). 5elieves and rally behind the principles and ob+ectives of the
organization
=. Cas credibility
3. Can devote time for the organization
:. ,illing to serve the organization and the people
F7 =acancies:
0f a position is vacated due to voluntary resignation" e?pulsion by
cause" or incapacity to continue his9her service due to sic&ness or ill health"
the Council of 7eaders9(?ecutive Committee9(?ecutive Council if there#s a
Duorum can select through election" the person that will assume the
responsibilities that go with the vacant position.
70
*ticle 'G
M$$T'+%S
1. The Council of 7eaders shall meet every Duarterly in preparation for the
*eneral 2ssembly meeting and *2 shall be held once a year.
!. The (?ecutive Committee shall meet Duarterly.
$. The (?ecutive Council meeting is scheduled on a Duarterly basis or
twice in a year" depending on the preference of the members.
'. Cowever" the chairperson may call specific meetings on urgent issues
and concerns.
*ticle G
#'SS-2;T'-+
The (?ecutive Council shall have full powers to decide on the
dissolution of F270P0 and the use of its assets.
*ticle G
M$+#M$+TS
2ny member of the (?ecutive Council may propose amendments to
the by4laws. The proposed amendments shall be ratified by !9$ votes of the
members present during its regular meetings or in a special meeting called
for the purpose.
*ticle G'
$FF$CT'='T@
This by4law shall ta&e effect immediately upon approval of F270P0.
71
2dopted this HHHHHH day of JJJJJJJJ at the JJJJJJJJJJJJ by the
affirmative vote of the members and by a ma+ority vote of the Trustees and
its /fficers at a special meeting duly held for the purpose:
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
nne! #
/rganizations90nstitutions 0nteracting in the Community
-*gani8ations<
'nstitutions
Functions
%o4e*n,ent
-*gani8ations
Composed of local government units and
national government agencies.
2%;S 4 offices in charge of administration
of the provinces" cities" municipalities" and
72
barangays
+%s 4 departments9offices directly under
the President e.g." 1epartment of 8inance"
1epartment of 2griculture" etc.
"usiness
-*gani8ations
(stablished to generate profits for the
owners or investors
+on?
%o4e*n,ent
-*gani8ations
D+%-sE
6on4profit organizations directly serving
the marginalized sectors" usually through:
Co,,unit) -*gani8ing ?
(n+oining people to unite and act together
@get organizedA
d4ocac) and +etwo*5ing ?
8ighting9promoting the rights and interests
of the marginalized. 8orging ties with other
organizations that or people who can help
the marginalized
$ducation<Fo*,ation ?
<aising awareness9consciousness of people
about the issues affecting them
(nhancing the peopleMs capability to
perform tas&s they need to change their
conditions through formal9informal
training
Transforming attitudes through values
formation
Suppo*t to Socio?$cono,ic P*o>ect ?
73
Provision of capital and9or other resources
that the marginalized can use to underta&en
alternative livelihood pro+ects or establish
basic services
1esea*c( and #ocu,entation ?
*eneration of information that will provide
better understanding of conditions
marginalized and the alternative courses of
action that may be implemented to
transform their situation
1ocumentation of e?periences about
wor&ing with the marginalized so that good
e?periences can be replicated and bad ones
can be avoided.
(ducational
0nstitutions
/rganizations engaged in providing formal
elementary" secondary @high schoolA"
tertiary @collegeA" and9or post4graduate
formal education
-ay be private @businessA" public
@government ownedA" or mi?ed @semi4
privateA
C(u*c( and
C(u*c(?
1elated
'nstitutions
Church institutions are established to
provide venues for people to e?ercise their
faith9religion
Church4related organizations are those
established by the churches to perform
educational" charitable" and community
development functions
People:s
-*gani8ations
DP-sE
2re organizations composed of people
from the marginalized sectors established
to protect the rights and promote the
74
interests of its members.
2ll members have eDual opportunity in
decision4ma&ing
P/s should act independently from other
organizations
!HH$.
nne! $
Auotations 1elated to Co,,unit) #e4elop,ent
#ng babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na
libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang at karamay sa mga
kahirapan nitong buhay; gamitin mo nang buong
pagpipitagan ang kanyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang
inang pinagbuharan at nag-iwi sa iyong kasanggulan.
$,ilio Cacinto
Ba*til)a ng Batipunan
75
<(aitim man o maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao=y
magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa=y hihigtan sa
dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda...; ngunit di mahihigtan sa
pagkatao.
$,ilio Cacinto
Ba*til)a ng Batipunan
<4o with the people:
ive with them.
earn from them.
ove them.
)tart with what they know.
*uild with what they have.<
? 2ao T8u
<.evelopment brings freedom, provided it is development
of people. *ut people cannot be developed >by others?; they
can only develop themselves. 3or while it is possible for
an outsider to build a person=s house, an outsider cannot
give the person pride and self-confidence in themselves as
human beings. Those >are? things people have to create in
themselves by their own actions. They develop themselves
by making their own decisions, by increasing their own
knowledge and ability and by their own full participation --
76
as e@uals -- in the life of the community they live in A<
Culius B7 +)e*e*e
<(ainstream economists and politicians have long been
criticized for concentrating on economic growth in ways
that ignore humanity and the environmental costs. !erhaps
one of the harshest ironies is how food and farm products
flow from areas of hunger and need, to areas where money
and demand is concentrated. 3arm workers, and women
especially, are amongst the worlds= most hungry A
8e cannot take the environment for granted. Bumanity
has a responsibility not only to each other, but to the
environment as well -- as the environment has long
sustained us and can only continue to do so if we do not
destroy it.<
nup S(a(

<$f you see a baby drowning, you 6ump in to save it; and if
you see a second and a third, you do the same. )oon you
are so busy saving drowning babies you never look up to
see there is someone there throwing babies in the river.<
/a)ne $llwood
77
!HH$.
nne! F
Co,,unit) #e4elop,ent P*inciples
Community development is a process that should be underta&en based
on the following principles:
17 $,powe*,ent ? The process of building the capacity of men"
women and children in the community to increase their ability
to determine their future.
27 $Fuitable ? 2 condition where eDual access to and control of
resources and services among classes" genders" ethnic groups
and generation e?ists. 0t also means having +ust allocation and
distribution of the benefits derived from these resources.
37 Sustainabilit) 4 This refers to the development and
management efforts that achieve a balance between resource
utilization to meet current production needs and raise standards
of living and resource protection" rehabilitation and
enhancement to ensure that future generations will en+oy the
benefits of these resources.
78
47 &olistic and 'nteg*ati4e 4<ecognizing that relations among
people and communities are dynamic and interconnected.
57 Cultu*al Sensiti4it) and %ende*?Fai*ness ? This refers to the
orientation that recognizes and respects cultural influences"
diversity and gender differences. 0t also means promoting
eDuality across cultures and genders.
!HH$.
79
nne! %
P*oble, T*ee nal)sis
80
The Problem Tree 2nalysis of the causes and effects of problems
This is a techniDue for bringing out an analysis of the causes and effects
of &ey problems.
0t produces a visual representation of the analysis" in which the &ey
problem under discussion resembles the trun& of a tree" the effects of
the problem become the branches and the causes of the problem become
the roots.
81
0nstitutional Capacity 1evelopment for %ustainable 2Duaculture.
0C14%2 Come.
http:99www.seafdec.org.ph91<(2-J-060J,(59images9problemJtre
e.gif @1ecember !!" !H1HA
nne! &
P*o>ect and P*o>ect C)cle
/(at is a P*o>ect6
2 P*o>ect is a set of interrelated activities underta&en by a group of
people within a specific period to achieve the ob+ectives defined by the
group.
The main ob+ective of a community pro+ect is to improve the Duality
of lives of the members of the community.
T(e P*o>ect C)cle
82
(ach pro+ect undergoes a cyclic process as follows:
P*inciples %uiding Co,,unit) P*o>ects
Co,,unit) p*o>ects can onl) be effecti4e if t(e) a*e:
17 Pa*ticipati4e ? People in the community should be involved in
all stages in the pro+ect cycle because they have the right to be
involved in ma&ing decisions and ta&ing actions that affect
their lives.
83
Situational
Analysis/
Evaluation
Project
Implementation/
Monitoring
Fund Sourcing/
Project Appraisal
& Negotiations
eneration o!
Project Ideas
Project
Selection
Project
Planning/
Preparation
o! Proposals
27 %ende* Sensiti4e 4 recognizes the different needs of women
and men in the community" actively involves both women and
men in all stages of the pro+ect cycle" and ensures that the
pro+ect benefits both women and men.
37 Co,,unit)?"ased 4 activities are sensitive to the culture and
practices of the people in the community" and ma&es use of
and develops resources and technologies available in the
community.
47 Sustainable 4 benefits derived by the community from the
pro+ect should continue and9or e?pand even if pro+ect
implementation is over.
$% 2ea*ning?-*iented 4 ensures that people involved learn from
pro+ect e?periences.
5aclagon" Pedro Carlos <. 4earing for )ocial #ction: (anual for
the 3ormation ,ourse of the ,ivic 8elfare Training )ervice.
-anila: Center for %ocial Concern and 2ction @C/%C2A" !HH$.
nne! '
P*o>ect Planning
P*o>ect Planning is a discipline for stating how to complete a pro+ect
within a certain timeframe" usually with defined stages" and with
designated resources. /ne view of pro+ect planning divides the activity
into:
%etting goals9ob+ectives @these should be measurableA
0dentifying deliverables
Planning the schedule
84
-a&ing supporting plans
Step b) Step %uide in P*o>ect Planning
Step 1 P*o>ect %oals
2 pro+ect is successful when the needs of the sta&eholders have been
met. 2 sta&eholder is anybody directly or indirectly impacted by the
pro+ect.
2s a first step it is important to identify the sta&eholders in your
pro+ect. 0t is not always easy to identify the sta&eholders of a pro+ect"
particularly those impacted indirectly. (?amples of sta&eholders are:
The pro+ect sponsor
The customer who receives the deliverables
The users of the pro+ect outputs
The pro+ect manager and pro+ect team
/nce you understand who the sta&eholders are" the ne?t step is to
establish their needs. The best way to do this is by conducting
sta&eholder interviews. Ta&e time during the interviews to draw out
the true needs that create real benefits. /ften sta&eholders will tal&
about needs that arenMt relevant and donMt deliver benefits. These can
be recorded and set as a low priority.
The ne?t step once you have conducted all the interviews and have a
comprehensive list of needs is to prioritise them. 8rom the prioritized
list create a set of goals that can be easily measured. 2 techniDue for
doing this is to review them against the %-2<T principle. This way it
will be easy to &now when a goal has been achieved.
85
/nce you have established a clear set of goals they should be recorded
in the pro+ect plan. 0t can be useful to also include the needs and
e?pectations of your sta&eholders. This is the most difficult part of the
planning process completed. 0tMs time to move on and loo& at the
pro+ect deliverables.
Step 2 P*o>ect #eli4e*ables
Bsing the goals you have defined in step 1" create a list of things the
pro+ect needs to deliver in order to meet those goals. %pecify when and
how each item must be delivered.
2dd the deliverables to the pro+ect plan with an estimated delivery
date. -ore accurate delivery dates will be established during the
scheduling phase" which is ne?t.
Step 3 P*o>ect Sc(edule
Create a list of tas&s that need to be carried out for each deliverable
identified in step !. 8or each tas& identify the following:
The amount of effort @hours or daysA reDuired to complete the
tas&
The resource who will carry out the tas&
/nce you have established the amount of effort for each tas&" you can
wor& out the effort reDuired for each deliverable and an accurate
delivery date. Bpdate your deliverables section with the more accurate
delivery dates. Bse the pro+ect schedule to +ustify pursuing one of
these options.
Step 4 Suppo*ting Plans
86
This section deals with plans you should create as part of the planning
process. These can be included directly in the plan.
&u,an 1esou*ce Plan
0dentify by name the individuals and organizations with a leading role
in the pro+ect. 8or each describe their roles and responsibilities on the
pro+ect.
6e?t" describe the number and type of people needed to carryout the
pro+ect. 8or each resource detail start dates" estimated duration and the
method you will use for obtaining them. Create a single sheet
containing this information.
Co,,unications Plan
Create a document showing who needs to be &ept informed about the
pro+ect and how they will receive the information. The most common
mechanism is a wee&ly9monthly progress report" describing how the
pro+ect is performing" milestones achieved and wor& planned for the
ne?t period.
1is5 Manage,ent Plan
<is& management is an important part of pro+ect management.
2lthough often overloo&ed" it is important to identify as many ris&s to
your pro+ect as possible and be prepared if something bad happens.
Cere are some e?amples of common pro+ect ris&s:
Time and cost estimates too optimistic
Customer review and feedbac& cycle too slow
Bne?pected budget cuts
87
Bnclear roles and responsibilities
%ta&eholder input is not sought or their needs are not properly
understood
%ta&eholders changing reDuirements after the pro+ect has
started
%ta&eholders adding new reDuirements after the pro+ect has
started
Poor communication resulting in misunderstandings" Duality
problems and rewor&
7ac& of resource commitment
<is&s can be trac&ed using a simple ris& log. 2dd each ris& you have
identified to your ris& log and write down what you will do in the
event it occurs and what you will do to prevent it from occurring.
<eview your ris& log on a regular basis adding new ris&s as they occur
during the life of the pro+ect. <emember" when ris&s are ignored they
donMt go away.
%earchC<-.com. Pro+ect Planning.
http:99searchcrm.techtarget.com9s1efinition9H""sid11Jgci:)$.:."HH.ht
ml @accessed 1ecember !!" !H1HA.
Pro+ect %-2<T co.u&. Pro+ect Planning a %tep by %tep *uide.
http:99www.pro+ectsmart.co.u&9pro+ect4planning4step4by4step.html
@accessed 1ecember !!" !H1HA
88

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