1. Define cement.

A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind
other materials together. The word "cement" traces to theRomans, who used the
term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made
from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and
pulverized brick additives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder
were later referred to as cementum,cimentum, cment, and cement.

2. Who developed the use of cement and when?

An early version of cement made with lime, sand, and gravel was used in Mesopotamia in
the third millennium B.C. and later in Egypt. It is uncertain where it was first discovered
that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic
mixture, but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient
Macedonians and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers.


3. What are the materials used in the manufacturing in cement?

Examples of raw materials for Portland cement manufacture
Calcium Silicon Aluminum Iron
Limestone Clay Clay Clay
Marl Marl Shale Iron ore
Calcite Sand Fly ash Mill scale
Aragonite Shale Aluminum ore refuse Shale
Shale Fly ash Blast furnace dust
Sea Shells Rice hull ash
Cement kiln dust Slag


4. What are the different types of cement and their use?

A. Ordinary cement

This type of cement is used a lot today, and is still known as OPC (ordinary Portland
cement) ... It is ground up into a powder to form ordinary OPC

B. Rapid heat cement

They generate more heat in the early stages and can be useful in cold weather
concreting. ... as either rapid-setting or extra rapid hardening


C. Low heat cement

Low Heat Cement complies with AS 3972, Special Purpose Type LH/SR. It is
manufactured from the ingredients of specially selected cement clinker and ground
granulated blast furnace slag, that result in significantly lower heat generation during
the process of hydration than the comparable Portland Cement.

D. Portland blast furnace cement

The granulated slag made by the rapid chilling of suitable molten slags from blast
furnaces forms the basis of another group of constructional cements. A mixture of
portland cement and granulated slag, containing up to 65 percent slag, is known in the
English-speaking countries as portland blast-furnace (slag) cement

E. High alumina cement

of High Alumina Cement, Alumina Cement, Refractory Cement, Refractory Materails, ...
Density Corundum Bricks, high alumine cement ca50-G5, G7, G9, fused, ca70, ca80

F. Expanding cement

Expanding and nonshrinking cements expand slightly on hydration, thus offsetting the
small contraction that occurs when fresh concrete dries for the first time. Expanding
cements were first produced





G. Quick setting cement

Rapid cure allows for quick access to repaired areas. Garonite anchoring cement sets
and e-x-p-a-n-d-s rapidly, curing twice as strong as concrete in one hour. Use indoors
or out

H. Hydrophorbic cement

Cement is a hydraulic bonding agent used in building construction and civil
engineering. It is a fine powder obtained by grinding the clinker of a clay and
limestone mixture calcined at high temperatures. When water is added to cement it
becomes a slurry that gradually hardens to a stone-like consistency. It can be mixed
with sand and gravel (coarse aggregates) to form mortar and concrete.


I. White cement

White portland cement is readily available throughout North America. It has essentially
the same properties as gray cement, except for color, which is a very important quality
control issue in the industry.

J. Air & trading cement,

i presume this was mis understood and it shood be airentranment cement this type of
cement holds bubbles of air in it and has a porous finish so water can seep through it.