1

SIANTAN HUTAN
Ixora coccinea
PICTURES
Whole plant

Leaf and Stem

1. Family Rubiaceae
2. Scientific
name
Ixora coccinea
3. Local name Siantan Hutan, Jungle Geranium, Flame of the Woods, Jungle Flame, West
Indian jasmine, Rangan, Kheme, Ponna, Chann Tanea, Techi, Pan, Santan,
Jarum-Jarum

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antioxidant:
According to Elumalai et al. (2012), extract of the flower of Ixora coccinea
possesses flavonoids, steroids and tannin materials which showed strong
reducing power and total antioxidant capacity.
ii. Anti-inflammatory:
The leaf extract of Ixora coccinea can against both acute and chronic
inflammation (Elumalai et al., 2012).
iii. Antimicrobial:
According to Philomina and Kumar (2011), the flower extract of Ixora
coccinea have potential antibacterial activity was more active against gram
negative bacteria than gram positive bacteria.
iv. Antidiarrhoeal:
According to Maniyar, Bhixavatimath, and Agashikar (2010), the aqueous
extracts of flowers of Ixora coccinea showed antidiarrheal potential.
v. Others:
Ixora coccinea contains important phytochemicals which allow it to possess
gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antimutagenic,
antineoplastic, and chemopreventive effects (Baliga & Kurian, 2012).

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

It is traditionally used as:
Decoction of leaves for wounds, skin ulcers, hiccups, Nausea,
Anorexia, Sore throat, Bronchitis cough and Asthma
Decoction of flower for Hypertension, Irregular menstruation and
Female reproduction organ infections
Dried and powdered roots for Dysentery, Diarrhoea, Sores and Ulcers
Poultice of leaves and flowers for Sprains, Eczema, Boils and
Contusions
Flower
2

TURI
Sesbania grandiflora
PICTURES

Whole plant


Leaves

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Lenguminasae
2. Scientific
name
Sesbania grandiflora

3. Local name Turi, Geti, Agati, `Ohai `ula`ula, `Ohai ke`oke`o, Corkwood Tree, West
Indian Pea, Vegetable Hummingbird, Brde Malabar, Bakphul, Gaway
Gaway, Katuday, Katuray, Katurai, Khae and Sesban.

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antibacterial and Antifungal
According to Anantaworasakul, Klayraung and Okonogi (2011) the stem bark
of Sesbania grandiflora extract has the highest antibacterial action which
contains promising antibacterial substances against Gram negative bacteria.
ii. Antioxidant
According to Reeta et al. (2013) the flower of Sesbania grandiflora rich in
tannins and nutrients that can re-activate the skins ability to heal wrinkles.
iii. Anticancer
According to Sreelatha, Padma and Umasankari (2011) the ethanol extract of
seeds of Sesbania grandiflora was effective in inhibiting the tumour growth.
iv. Others
Leaves, flowers and aerial parts of Sesbania grandiflora contains isolated
sterols, saponinns and tannins which have Antirolithiatic, Anticolvunsant and
anxiolytic and Hepatoprotective activities (Bahera, Karki and Shekar, 2012).

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

It is traditionally used as:
Leaves and flowers as a vegetable.
Decoction of root to reduce coughing and dispose phlegm.
Decoction of bark skin to relieve fever and headaches.
Others: used for bruises, catarrh, dysentery, smallpox, sores, sore
throat, and stomatitis.


Fruit and Stem
3

ANGGERIK TANAH
Bletilla striateae





PICTURES

Whole plant


Leaves

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Orchidaceae
2. Scientific
name
Bletilla striateae

3. Local name Anggerik tanah and Bletilla rhizome

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antioxidant
According to Wu, Chen and Lai (2010), Bletilla striateae contains chemicals
contents that have antioxidant ability.
ii. Anti-infection
Takagi et al. (1983) found that Bletilla striateae can promote the regeneration
of the wound tissue through its anti-infection effect.
iii. Antitumor
According to Jiang et, al. (2013), Bletilla striateae is used to treat swollen
tissues induced by malignant tumors, e.g. breast cancer.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

It has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat astriction,
hemorrhage and swelling.
It is known to cure pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, gastric and
duodenal ulcer and is also used as a refrigerant and moisturizer.

Stem
4

JAMBU BOL
Syzygium malaccense L.

PICTURES
Whole plant

Leaves


1.Family Myrtaceae
2. Scientific
name
Syzygium malaccense L
3. Local name Burmese (thabyo-thabyay); English (wax jambu,malay-apple,long fruited
rose-apple); Filipino (tersana,pomerac); French (poirier de Malaque); German
(Apfel- Jambose); Indonesian (jambu bol); Malay (jambu bol); Spanish
(Pomarrosa malay); Thai (chomphu-saraek); Vietnamese (cay roi).

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antibiotic
Seeded fruits, seeds, bark and leaves of Syzygium malaccense L have shown
antibiotic activity and have some effect on blood pressure and respiration
(National Tropical Botanical garden, 2014).
ii. Antioxidant
According to Savitha, Padmavathy and Sundhararajan (2011), the extract of
fresh leaves of Syzygium malaccense exhibited strong antioxidant activity and
contains a higher amount of phenolics and flavonoids.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

Young leaves from saplings and the bark from mature trees are made
into a warm drink for the mother of a newborn baby in order to assist
in expelling the afterbirth and to cleanse the mother's body after
giving birth or even after a miscarriage.
The leaves can be processed for a tonic, and the old fruit of this plant
was considered a helpful remedy for sore throats.
Decoction of the bark is used to treat thrush
Powder of the dried leaves can be applied on a cracked tongue.
Preparation of the root is a remedy for itching.
The root acts as a diuretic and is given to alleviate edema.
The root bark is useful against dysentery.
Decoction of the fruit, leaves or seeds as a febrifuge.
Others: for constipation, diabetes, coughs, pulmonary catarrh,
headache and other ailments.
Stem
5

SERAI WANGI
Cymbopogon nardus
PICTURES
Whole plant

Stem

Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Poaceae
2. Scientific
name
Cymbopogon nardus

3. Local name Serai wangi

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antibacterial
According to Jades (2012), Cymbopogon nardus exhibited high antibacterial
activity against Haemophilus inuenzae, penicillin-susceptible and resistant
to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus
aureus. It also induces hypotension, possibly by reduction in
vascular resistance caused by inhibition of the Ca
2+
inux, and bradycardia
probably due to an activation of cardiac muscarinic receptors.
ii. Others:
It also serves as antifungal/antimycotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antiviral,
analgesic and strengthens connective tissue (Jades, 2012).


5. Traditional
uses and
belief


Cymbopogon nardus is used for treating digestive tract spasms,
stomachache, high blood pressure, convulsions,
pain, vomiting, cough, achy joints (rheumatism), fever, the common
cold, and exhaustion.
It is also used to kill germs and as a mild astringent. Some people
apply Cymbopogon nardus and its essential oil directly to
the skin for headache, stomachache, abdominal pain, and muscle pain.
By inhalation, the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus is used
as aromatherapy for muscle pain.

6

KESOM
Persicaria odorata





PICTURES
Whole plant

Stem

Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Polygonaceae
2. Scientific
name
Persicaria odorata

3. Local name Kesum

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antibacterial and Antifungal
Persicaria odorata oil has a strong antibacterial activity against both of gram
positive and gram negative bacteria (Sasongko et al., 2011). A study
conducted by Ridzuan et al., (2013) showed that Persicaria odorata leaves
have some properties to acts as antibacterial and antifungal against pathogenic
bacteria and fungi.


5. Traditional
uses and
belief


Warm up the body, facilitate smooth digestion, promote good blood
circulation, prevent body odour, get rid of dandruff and cure rashes.
7

DELIMA MERAH
Punica granatum L


PICTURES
Whole plant

Stem

Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Lythraceae
2. Scientific
name
Punica granatum L

3. Local name Delima merah

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits

Punica granatum L is used in several systems of medicine for a variety of
ailments. It acts as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory.
According to Julie (2008), Punica granatum L is used on treatment and
prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental conditions,
erectile dysfunction, bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, as well as
ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. Other potential applications
include infant brain ischemia, male infertility, Alzheimers disease, arthritis,
and obesity.


5. Traditional
uses and
belief


Relieve itchy throat, good for the heart and intestine, prevent skin
cancer and helps to clean the mouth and teeth. Its juice is good to
relieve cough, food poisoning and slimming. Its skin can be used to
cure diarrhea, hemorrhoids, inflammation of the lung, uterine ulcers
and diabetes.

8

ARA SONGSANG
Asystacia coromendeliana

PICTURES
Whole plant

Leaf and stem

Flower

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Acanthaceae
2. Scientific
name
Asystacia coromendeliana

3. Local name Ara Songsang

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits


Pierre and Ismaila (2013) found that Asystacia coromendeliana is used to
treat hypertension, rheumatism, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and as an
anthelmintic in South Africa, India, Cameroun, Nigeria, and Kenya
respectively. It has also been reported to inhibit the angiotensin I converting
enzyme (ACE) in-vitro and it helps to reduce blood pressure and heart rate.


5. Traditional
uses and
belief


For good urination, helps to cure wounds and swelling, relieve
coughs, treat muscle spasms and treat blurred vision.
9

LIMAU LEMON
Citrus limon Burm

PICTURES
Whole plant

Stem

Leaves

DESCRIPTION:
1.Family

Rutaceae
2. Scientific
name
Citrus limon Burm

3. Local name Limau lemon

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits


According to Shahnaz et al., (2008), Citrus limon Burm does not influence the
human immune system, but may enhance mood and the low pH of juice
makes it antibacterial, regulates skin moisture, softens hard and rough skin,
and has a cleaning effect on the oily skin.


5. Traditional
uses and
belief


Treat liver and gallbladder disorders, help to reduce digestive system
problems, cure hiccup, nausea, heartburn pain, constipation and
remove worms. It helps to fight infections, relieve fever, sore throat,
tonsils and tired. It also important to dissolve gallstones, relieve
arthritis, rheumatism and headaches. It treats gums bleeding and
sunburns.

10

KUCING GALAK
Acalypha Indica

PICTURES

Whole plant

stem

Leaf

1. Family Euphorbiacea

2. Scientific
name
Acalypha Indica
3. Local name Kucing Galak

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
this herbs used in curing asthma, bronchitis, coughing, /coughing
blood,bleeding, curved cuts, and good for inner energy. According to
Sankaranarayanan et al. (2010), Acalypha Indica shoots and roots was
used as paste, to cure external injury.

5. Traditional
believe and
uses
The root is prescribed as a tonic, astringent, febrifuge and
strong purgative (Khare, 2007).
The leaves extract reduced mutagenecity in E. coli (Gupta et
al., 2010).
Extract of the root bark with alcohol can be used for backwart
fever. The leaves are laxative and used externally as emollient,
a poultice is used for chilblains, in insect bites, swelling,
rheumatism and facial paralysis (Kirtikar et al., 2006).
Leaves posses anti periodic and laxative properties, the leaves
are used in jaundice, piles, rheumatism ulcers and also
externally skin eruptions, ring worms, eczema.
The leaves extract are applied to pustules, insect bites
(Nadkarni, 2009).
The roots are used in chest pain, joint pain, and migraine and
blood dysentery. The extract of the root lowered the blood
sugar level up to 30 % (Chopra et al., 2006).

11

TEH PAGAR
Carmona Retusa








PICTURES

Whole plant

stem

Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family
Boraginaceae

2. Scientific
name
Carmona Retusa
3. Local name Teh pagar

4. Medicinal
properties and
benefits
Treat syphilis, cure for plant poison, treat fatigue, frai and cure for
mother after giving birth; root decoction use for coughing, bloody
diarrhea, stomachache, high fever and stimulate sweating . Paste of
whole plant work as a best antidote for Russel viper bite (Binorkar &
Jani, 2012)

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

Seeds promote the strength and sexual vigour used by the
rural people in a Sacred Grove of Karaikal District
(Sambandan & Dhatchanamoorthy, 2012)
12

SETAWAR SEDINGIN
Costus speciosus


PICTURES

Whole plant

Stem

Leaf

1. Family Costaceae

2. Scientific
name
Costus speciosus


3. Local name Setawar sedingin, Crepe Ginger, Canereed, Crape Ginger, Malay
Ginger

4. Medicinal
properties and
benefits
Worm problem, skin disease, fever, asthma, constipation, burning
wound, rid of nausea, dizziness, vomit, and increase sexual energy
for men (Hossan et al., 2010). According to Das, (2011) This plant
can be use in curing blood in urine, kidney stones, Sexual disorders
(low density semen, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation).


5. Traditional
uses and belief

Leucorrhoea, clearing of urine.
Other uses: Small pox, anthelmintic, leprosy, baldness,
syphilis, malaria, bronchitis, gout, to control another person,
debility, contraceptive, dysentery, eczema, paralysis.
Apart from that, according to Hossan et. al. (2010), this plant
also used for Alopecia, opthalmia, dysentery, syphilis (Java),
oral cancer (Europe), cough, fever, leprosy, purgative, small
pox (Malaysia).

13

KANCING BAJU
Tridax procumbens





PICTURES

Whole plant

stem

Leaf

1. Family Compositae

2. Scientific
name
Tridax procumbens


3. Local name Kancing baju

4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
According to Ankita and Jain (2012), this weed is well known
medicine for liver disorder. It possess significant medicinal properties
against blood pressure, bronchial catarrh, malaria, dysentery,
diarrhea, stomach ache, headache, wound healing, it also prevents
hair fall and check hemorrhage from cuts and bruises. Apart from that
Its flowers and leaves possess antiseptic, insecticidal and parasiticidal
properties. The plant also shows various pharmacological activities
like Immunomodulatory, Antidiabetic, Anti hepatotoxic & Anti-
oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and marked depressant action
on respiration.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

Finely pounded and put on skin with parasites and swollen.
Apart from that, boil and drink the extract can treat asthma,
coughing, disentri, nose and throat disease, sinus, flu, and get
rid of mucus and phlegm.

14

BUNGA 10 PAGI
Turnera subulata J.E Smith





PICTURES


Whole plant


Leaf and Stem

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Turneraceae
2. Scientific
name
Turnera subulata J.E Smith

3. Local name Bunga 10 Pagi
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
The plants taste bitter, spicy and warm character. This plant is good for
nutritious tonic, blood flow and arthritic joints. According to Prabhahar
(2005), the beneficial medicinal effects of plant materials typically result
from the combinations of secondary products present in the plant. The plants
are used in folk therapy in the treatment of skin and respiratory problem. The
seeds of the plant used in the treatment of diabetic patients. The plant has
been carried out on different microbes for antibacterial study which contains
other chemical constituents of plants. It is also for its antifungal activity
against fungal pathogens.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

The leaves and roots are used to overcome digestive disorders, such as
abdominal bloating and no appetite.
It also suitable for weak after recovering from severe illness.
Flower
15

BUNGA TAHI AYAM
Lantana camara






PICTURES


Whole plant


Leaf and Stem

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Verbenaceae
2. Scientific
name
Lantana camara

3. Local name Bunga Tahi Ayam
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
Based on the research by Claude (2009), the plants have been a source of
effective chemotherapeutic agents for various infectious diseases and there is
a growing interest in the development of drugs of plant origin. Chemical
compounds isolated from extracts of leaves of Lantana camara mainly used
for microbicides, fungicides, nematicides and insecticides.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

The uses of lantana extracts in folk medicine for the treatment of
cancers, chicken pox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema,
tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, tetanus, rheumatism and
malaria.
In South-western Uganda, The traditional uses of the leaves of the
plant for the treatment of cough.

Flower
16

PUDING PERADA
AGraptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff









PICTURES


Whole plant


Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Acanthacaae
2. Scientific
name
AGraptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff

3. Local name Puding Perada
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
The study by Novita (2012) revealed the medical properties of the plant are
for anti-inflammatory activity. Apart from that, it is also for analgesic
activity. Analgesic is a technical drug that can be used to reduce pain.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

The traditional uses of the plant for menstruation problem.
It also helps to reduce swellings.
Stem
17

LIMAU PURUT
Citrus hystrix







PICTURES



Whole plant



Leaf

DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Rutuceae
2. Scientific
name
Citrus hystrix

3. Local name Limau Purut
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
According to study done by Vimol (2012), many essential oils have
antibacterial activity with a potential use in medicine. The components in the
plant which are citronellal, terpineol and terpinene-4-ol may be alternative
natural source medicine to prevent and treat many bacterial diseases. The
plant also has effective against all the pathogens with minimal inhibitory
concentration

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

The leaves can be rubbed on to gums and teeth for dental health.
The oil of the plants also can be used for hair and scalp cleanser,
deodorants and body.
The oil is also used in tonics which aid in digestion and purify the
blood.

Stem
18

SAKAT/SEMUN
Asplenium nidus




PICTURES



Whole plant




Leaf


DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Polypodiaceae
2. Scientific
name
Asplenium nidus

3. Local name Sakat/Semun
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
The study done by Bulk et al (n.d.) has listed several uses of the plant in
medical. The young leaves are used medicinally to treat indigestion (Salsedo
et al, 1987). It also uses to treat general diarrhea and bloody diarrhea. Other
than that, it also helps to deliver a baby easily. The pregnant mother also
benefits the uses of the plant when has severe abdominal pain arising from
movement of the womb caused by excessive exercise. Then, it treats severe
abdominal or uterine pain in both men and women, including symptoms of
dizziness, a feeling of spinning and closing of eyes. The plant also treats
painful urination in women. The result from the painful can cause the urine be
red or brown.
5. Traditional
uses and
belief

An aboriginal tribe in Malaysia uses the infusion of leaves to ease
labor pains.
Other than that, the Malays also use the leaves to obtain a lotion to
treat fever.

19

PALAS REWANG
Licuala triphylla









PICTURES

Whole plant


Leaf


DESCRIPTION:
1. Family

Palmae
2. Scientific
name
Licuala triphylla

3. Local name Palas Rewang, Palas Tikus
4. Medicinal
properties
and benefits
i. Antimicrobial
According to Oskay et al. (2005), the ethanolic of extraxt of the leaves of
Licuala triphylla showed varrying degress of microbial activity against nine
pathogenic bacteria and four yeast.

5. Traditional
uses and
belief

Use as ornamental plants
Fruits used to treat stomachache and nausea
Others: relieve sore throat and headache, cleaning the yellowish nails
Stem
20