Historical Development of Organizational Behavior

A. Pre-Industrial Era

During the early times (1800) in which there is less production because of the
lack of technology to be used. There was still no organizational behavior because
there is no consideration of the employees and employees are afraid to voice out or
the employer do not listen on their sentiments, or they were treated as slaves.

B. Industrial Era/Classical Period

This period brought about development through the different products
because of the existence of machineries or technology thus surplus products are
being created and there is a higher salary of workers. People are more
knowledgeable on the inventories of products.


Proponents:
1. Robert Owen
he is a factory worker and first emphasize human needs
real father of personnel administration

Significant Contributions:
1. refuse to employ young children
2. reduce the number of working hours
3. provide meals to employees
4. taught cleanliness, temperance and improve their working condition

2. Andrew Ure
Published Philosophy of Manufacturers which include production, marketing
and human factor of the organization.

Significant Contributions:
1. provide snacks and medical treatment
2. sickness payment
3. improved physical working conditions

C. Post Industrial Era/Human Relations Era/Non-Classical Period

Classical Period
The establishment of industry society


Proponents:

1. Frederick Taylor
father of scientific management
led to improved productivity/workers efficiency
concerned on more output

Significant Contribution:

The development of National Personnel Administration which is the first
organizational group where workers are able to voice out heir needs and
sensitive on how they are supposed to be treated.

2. Elton Mayo
Studied the Hawthorne Experiment
Father of human relations, according to him, human problems are opportunity
for progress

3. FJ Roethlisberger
Helped in the study of human behavior / act

4. Douglas Mc Gregors Theory X
The typical person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible
The typical person lacks responsibility, has a little ambition, and seeks security
above all
People of this type must be coerced, controlled and threatened with
punishment to get them worked.
With these assumptions, the managerial role is to coerce and control
employees
.
Douglas Mc Gregors Theory Y
Work in as natural as play or rest
People will exercise self direction and self control in the performance of
their work
People have potential and they have imagination, creativity and ingenuity
With these assumptions the managerial role is to develop the potential
employees and help them realize their potential towards company objectives.

5. Theory Z
Proposed by William Ouichi
Hybrid model that blends elements of successful managerial practice
It focuses on humanistic philosophy, teamwork and consensus decision
making
Japanese
greater concern with quality among Japanese workers
greater emphasis by Japanese management on defect-free products as an
organizational goal

Americans
lies not in better equipment or more modern plants, rather, it involves key
attitudes held by employers and management alike

Note :

Without a management and workforce dedicated to quality, little is likely
to be accomplished

Assumptions:
an individual wants to work but she doesnt want to be pushed
he is willing to exert fair days work for a fair days pay
individual desire to be identified with a group

6. Theory W Peterson
Combination of both Theory X and Y ( higher standard work under pressure)
He emphasized on the human needs of people
Worker demands for their work standard


7. Theory I (I never do it alone)

Basic Postulates of the Theory Indian

1. Most Indians value bonds, emotions, long-term relationship, growth
opportunity and commitment
2. At a macro level, industry needs to realize that corporate success doesnt
entirely depend only on business strategies
3. Enhancing personal productivity by letting the employee feel important not
only to motivate him but also for the long time survival of the industry,
4. A huge emphasis is placed on the need for affiliation. Both the need for
achievement