6221601

Quiz 1 (a) Solutions

1. (5 marks) Find values of m so that the function y = xm is a solution of the given

differential equation x2 y xy 15y = 0 for x > 0.
Solution.
y = xm

y = mxm1

and y = m(m 1)xm2

Substituting values of y, y and y into the given differential equation

x2 y xy 8y = 0, we obtain
x2 [m(m 1)xm2 ] x(mxm1 ) 15xm = 0
(m2 m)xm mxm 15xm = 0
(m2 2m 15)xm = 0
(m 5)(m + 3)xm = 0
Since xm > 0 for x > 0, we have m 5 = 0 or m + 3 = 0
Thus m = 5, 3.
2. (5 marks)
Determine a region of the xy-plane for which the initial value problem
xy x2 4 y = 0; y(3) = 2 would have a unique solution.
Solution.
xy

x2 4 y = 0;

y =

xy
x2 4

Therefore we have
f (x, y) =

xy
x2 4

and

f
x
=
2
y
x 4

f (x, y) and f
are continuous on all xy-plane satisfying x2 4 > 0, that is, for
y
x > 2 and x < 2.
Since x0 = 3 (, 2), the given IVP will have a unique solution in the region
{(x, y)|x < 2, y R}.
(Note that this is the largest region of uniqueness, one smaller region will be
4 < x < 2, 1 < y < 3).

3. (7 marks) Solve the differential equation (ex + 3)4

dy
+ exy = 0.
dx

dy
dy
ex ey
+ exy = 0
= x
dx
dx
(e + 3)4
This is a separable differential equation. Separating the variables, we obtain
dy
ex
ex
y
=

dx

e
dy
=

dx
ey
(ex + 3)4
(ex + 3)4

Solution. (ex + 3)4

Integrating both sides, we obtain

ex
dx
(ex + 3)4

ey dy =

(1)

To integrate right hand side, we use the substitution method, let u = ex + 3, then
du = ex dx, so the integral is
ex
dx =
(ex + 3)4

du
u3
1
1
=

= 3 =
4
x
u
3
3u
3(e + 3)3

Substituting the value of this integral in equation (1) we obtain

1
ey =
+c
x
3(e + 3)3
dy
4. (8 marks) Solve the differential equation x + (x + 1)y = ex sin 3x.
dx
Write the solution in explicit form. Give the largest interval over which the solution
is defined.
Solution.
dy
x + (x + 1)y = ex sin 3x
dx

dy x + 1
ex sin 3x
+
y=
dx
x
x

(1)
x

3x
provided x = 0. This is a linear first order equation with f (x) = e sin
and
x
x+1
1
P (x) = x = 1 + x . Both P and f are continuous on (, 0) and (0, ). The
integrating factor is

I.F. = e

P (x) dx

=e

(1+ x1 )

dx = ex+ln |x| = ex eln |x| = |x|ex

Whether x > 0 or x < 0, multiplying equation (1) by |x|ex , we obtain

d
dy
+ (x + 1)ex y = sin 3x
(xex y) = sin 3x
dx
dx
Integrating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
xex

cos 3x ex c ex
cos 3x
+c y =
+
3
3x
x
The largest interval over which the solution is defined is (, 0) or (0, ).
xex y =