1.

Background

Over the past 40 years, we have experienced a radical shift in how business is conducted
and how people interact. The introduction of personal computers, the Internet, and e-
commerce have had a tremendous impact on how businesses operate and market. The
introduction of social media technology is accelerating and we can expect it to have a
similar impact on businesses now and into the future. Social media is an effective
communication channel, which is relatively cheap and takes little time to
communicate with the users. Social media in business can be used to build
relationships, establish connections with the customers, which enhances comments,
feedback, and suggestions for service and policy improvement (Trusov, Bucklin &
Pauwels, 2009).

Social media has brought many hopes for the business sector and especially for
marketers. The world has been continually changing with new ideas, new thoughts,
new inventions and new technology. The traditional way of thinking towards
marketing has changed according to time and technology. Modern days marketers
find it easy to sell their products online. A marketer needs a medium to introduce his or
her products to the target buyers and to persuade them to buy. In addition, Social media
have become a major factor in influencing various aspects of consumer behavior
including awareness, information acquisition, opinions, attitudes, purchase
behavior, and post-purchase communication and evaluation. (Mangold & Faulds,
2009).

Social Media Marketing is the hottest new marketing concept and every business owner
wants to know how social media can generate value for their business. People are social
by nature and collect or share information that is important to them. Social Media
Marketing is about understanding how technology is making it easier for people to
connect socially with their social networks and how your business can profit from that
understanding. Social Media Marketing is a process to reach people in a broad
community which would not be reached by traditional marketing channels. Social Media
Marketing addresses a huge community and not individual people (Weinberg, 2010).
More and more of your customers, whether for personal use, business-to-consumer or
business-to-business reasons use social media in every aspect of their daily life.
Social Media Marketing is not only placing commercials or ads on Social Networks.
Social Media uses communities that share their thoughts; the task of Social Media
Marketing is it to place product information in a way that the community starts talking
about it. This could be reached with listening to the community and answering at the right
moment.
Traditional media like newspapers or television are one-way technologies and static
broadcast technologies. (Zarrella, D. 2010). The advertiser has to pay a lot to place ads.
The person who receives the ad is forced to watch it but independent if the person
likes or dislikes it he cannot react on it. With the Social Media Marketing concepts the
receiver is able to react, the user can comment the ad, forward, ask questions and so on.
This interactivity leads to immediate feedback for the company which sends the ads and
on the other sites the message gets send to the community and discussed there. So the ad
reaches much more people than with the static approach. People deal with the topic
and will internalize much more than with one-way commercial spots.
The core areas of Social Media Marketing are user generated content like user rated
opinions to brands, suggestions for new products, video spots and so on. These
contents give feedback to customer attitudes and are a good base for market researches
(Hettler, U. 2010).
The engagement and creativity of the Internet users can be used to integrate Social
Media Marketing as process into the product management, the ideas can be used to
invite new features or products and will satisfy the customers that are able to support
the design process. This will force the process for word -of-mouth advertising and
will multiply the message to reach more receivers. If the target group can be reached
emotionally they are going to identify and will support the Marketing activities.





2. Statement of the problem

In todays world where the information and internet takes a significant role in peoples
lives, the social media phenomenon will be an interesting topic to research, as well as its
effectiveness as a marketing strategy of the business. Social Media channels are
commonly used in order to connect people together throughout the world using the
Internet. Whether it is through social networks, forums, blogs or media sharing
websites, people can now have a conversation online, also called interactive
dialogue, with anybody and on any subject, permitting them to share their experiences
and valuable information.
Looking on a business perspective, it goes without saying that Social Media Marketing
has offered a large variety of new opportunities for companies to promote their
brand, products and services. Nowadays, people are actively connecting with each other
and talking about their experiences, sharing their opinions about products and services
they have tested or even just heard about.
Social media marketing allow firms to engage in timely and direct end-consumer contact
at fairly low cost and higher levels of efficiency than can be achieved with more
traditional communication tools. This makes social media not only relevant for large
multinational firms, but also for small and medium sized companies, and even nonprofit
and governmental agencies. In another words, it is all about knowing your customers;
What do they think?
What do they feel?
What and how do they perceive?
Traditional marketing is biased, responsive fatigue and rather a focus on existing data.
Whereas, we can see social media work closely with an online marketing perspective,
exploring models to understand customers emotions and perceptions. One may be
wondering, what is the advantage of having a presence on a social networking site like
Facebook when the business already has a regular website. The answer is customer reach.
In order to maximize your reach, you need to have a presence where people are hanging
out and increasingly they are hanging out on social networking sites.
In order to determine our problem statement, we will define the basic assumptions by
answering the questions like Who, Where, What, How, Why and When?
How does a business recognized for using social media to grow the business, use
social media to engage consumers?
How effective are social media for businesses as the marketing strategy?

This research will analyze effectiveness of social media as a marketing tool for
businesses in the context of Nepal to motivate and improve business and thereby increase
customer reach.

3. Rationale of the Research

Social Media Marketing is the process of utilizing various social media networks like
Facebook and Twitter in order to reach a larger audience. Social media marketing
services focus on obtaining followers or users for each social media network in order to
spread a marketing message across numerous networks. With more and more businesses
switching to social media to find new customers, it is becoming more and more important
for businesses to make the jump to social. Millions of potential customers use social
media websites like Facebook and Twitter for one reason or another. Each of these social
media networks hold potential opportunities for companies to reach out to their
target audience. There are large opportunities to monetize through providing updates to
deals, information about new products and services, and engaging in conversations with
potential and current customers to hold interest.
Not only do social media connect business with the right people, it is also a tool that
allows to maintain relationships with the network that you have formed. Once youve
established a connecting or formed a relationship it is then crucial to create follow up
impression. Social media marketing plays an important role in generating leads and
thus increasing sales to the businesses. However, in the context of Nepal not every
business have been able to apply this medium for marketing. There are companies who
have been profited by social media in an effective way. In this competitive business
world a phenomena like social media marketing should not be avoided. All the business
should try to use this method as their marketing strategy as it is the cost effective way to
directly link with the customers and enhance their business further.
The benefit of the study will be received by the businesses, enterprises and marketing
managers. This study will also be beneficial to the researchers, students, readers,
investors and for other academic purpose.



4. Objectives of the Research

General Objectives
To identify the impact of Social Media marketing on modern businesses of Nepal
Specific Objectives
Identify whether social media tools and materials are being effective in business
marketing or not.
Find out which social media tools and materials are being used by companies and
how they are being used to support their marketing activities.
Identify the business benefits they are getting from social media marketing.
Provide recommendations and strategies for ways in which social media tools and
materials could be used to increase effectiveness and support companies
marketing activities.








5. Scope of the research
The scope of the study is limited to social media marketing only. The study is in
context to Nepal, targeting businesses operating in Kathmandu as this area has greater
internet penetration and plenty of social Network Sites users.

The main focus guiding this report is how social media marketing have changed, or
evolved the rules of traditional marketing. Some of the questions that will be asked and
hopefully be answered are: What has caused this social media trend and what effect this
has on Marketing of the business? What companies have already participated in this trend
and how successful they have been? Does it affect the branding and brand awareness?
Has this phenomenon changed how customers communicate with each other? Has the
power been shifted from the Marketers to Consumers? Who owns the Brand? The main
scope of this study is to obtain information and describe how companies use social media
in their marketing strategy.

Moreover, the report will also be helpful for the researcher and students who are seeking
to gain knowledge and information regarding the specified topic and for other business
enterprises that are planning on using social media as a marketing tool.

6. Review of Literature

6.1 Social media and its forms
Social media are online technologies used for preparing and sending information in order
to build relationships. They are media for social interaction. Kaplan and Michael define
social media as a group of Internet based applications that build on the ideological and
technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-
generated content. The ideological and technological foundation is represented by Web
2.0 while user generated content is the sum of all in which social media is used by people
(Kaplan and Michael 2010, 62).
Social media is the web-platform that allows users to come online and communicate each
other, participate in the interaction through text, audio, video and images (Ryan and Jones
2009, 152).
There are different forms of social media that contains different features. It
includes Internet forums, message boards, podcasts, blogs, wikis, videos and pictures.
Some of the examples of social media applications are Facebook (networking),
YouTube (video sharing), LinkedIn, Twitter (blog), Flickr (photo sharing), Google
plus (networking), Blogs. Social networking site Facebook is the most popular site right
now (Evans 2008, 45-46).

The forms of social media are detailed below:

Facebook
Facebook is the competitor of Google and the giant of social media. It is the number one
site where the most users spend more time than in any other social networking site. It is
the most successful privately owned social network. Facebook is a platform on the
internet, which provides basic networking services: possibility to create your own
profile and networking with the other users. There is a possibility of making
common-interest user groups and different platform for organizations and
companies with different necessary features. According to Facebook, Facebooks
mission is to make the world more open and connected.(Facebook 2012a). Facebook
was created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, in order to make the world more open and
connected (Facebook 2012a).
Facebook is one of the leading and rapidly growing online networks. With over 845
million users, Facebook is a very effective place for businesses. There is possibility to
attract new customers, build online relationships and use Facebook as an online
marketing communication channel. With its highly targeted marketing features and its
smooth ability to spread information across the networks of each other, Facebook
becomes an important marketing place for marketers these days.
According to Barefoot and Szabo (2010, 172), Facebook is the elephant in the social
media marketing living room. The site is enormous and daunting, and everybody is still
figuring out the best ways to market within it.
Facebook has many marketing options and features for marketers. Marketers are able to
advertise free or pay for that. They can make normal Facebook pages, brand/product
pages or groups. Consumers can join the companies pages or groups that they operate.
Over the years, there has been discussion whether a company should use groups or
pages on Facebook. Traditionally, companies used groups. They can start an official
group for their company and encourage their customers to join the group. A group was a
perfect conversational channel for communicating with customers. Similarly, Facebook
introduced Facebook pages as a feature for companies. Pages are the natural place for
focusing companies Facebook efforts (Barefoot and Szabo 2010, 181). Companies are
even in confusion whether to create a group or pages on Facebook.

YouTube is an example of a content community. It is a video sharing service. The
principle of YouTube is really simple; you upload videos and share with other people.
YouTube enables you to upload a video and then, put the URL as a link on your website
to send people to the video. You can also use the embedding code to make the video
appear on your own website or blog. Doing so is free and it will make your site look very
professional. If you also allow people to embed your video you will create viral
marketing and people will help you spread the word. Signing up to YouTube you get
your own YouTube channel on which you can constantly update people interested in your
business. (Clapperton, 2009). Watching a video online is a large commitment of
attention, because of this, shorter is better. In addition your videos must be very
engaging. You must strive to keep your audience engaged the entire time they are
watching your videos. YouTubers are very sensitive to product pitches, so the
contribution also has to be as noncommercial as possible. (Zarrella, 2010).

Twitter is a microblog, which is a form of blogging that limits the size of each post;
Twitter updates can contain only 140 characters. (Zarrella, 2010). Twitter was originally
intended as a way for people to answer the question What are you doing?. Although
some people post real-time updates about their lives, it can be very useful for marketers
to tweet about new content, offers, and news, as well as respond to questions from other
users. (Zarrella, 2010,). Most companies should be on Twitter; it is easy, cost-effective,
requires very little investment of time, and can quickly prove worthwhile in increased
buzz, sales, and consumer insight. (Zarrella, 2010).

LinkedIn is a social networking site designed specifically for the business community.
The goal of the site is to allow registered members to establish and document networks of
people they know and trust professionally. LinkedIn was co-founded by Reid Hoffman, a
former Executive Vice President in charge of business and corporate development
for PayPal. The site, which was launched in May 2003, currently has over 40 million
members from 200 countries, representing 170 industries. According to Reid Hoffman,
27% of LinkedIn subscribers are recruiters.

A LinkedIn members profile page, which emphasizes employment history and
education, has professional network news feeds and a limited number of customizable
modules. Basic membership for LinkedIn is free. Network members are called
connections. Unlike other free social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter,
LinkedIn requires connections to have a pre-existing relationship.
(www.whatis.techtarget.com)


Blogs A blog is a type of content management system (CMS) that makes it easy for
anyone to publish short articles called posts (Zarrella, 2010). They are wide open and
ready to interact with all kinds of people. Blogs let customers know what your business is
about, and they create a space for customers to tell you exactly what they are thinking
about. (Wright, 2006). Every company with a website should have a blog that speaks to
its current and potential customers as real people. Blogs are not the right place for
corporate-speak press releases; they should be conversational in tone. (Ibid). Blogs also
enable executives to improve the transparency of their companies. (Kaplan & Haenlein,
2010). Listening to customers blogs is an important part of growing a business, because
it gives your business a window into what the customers think about the company.
(Wright, 2006).

Social media is becoming an integral part of life online as social websites and
applications proliferate. Most traditional online media include social components, such as
comment fields for users.

6.2 Social Media Marketing
Social Media Marketing is marketing that focuses on people, not products
(Diamond, 2008).The products can be presented by the company with as many
qualitative features and promotional tools as possible, but what really matters is the
comments and appreciations left by the customers. People provide the content, and this
is the reason why Social Media Marketing is so scary and challenging for marketers.
They do not control the marketing content anymore. Negative word-of-mouth can be
spread worldwide in a couple of minutes only. With the explosion of Internet-based
messages transmitted through the Social Media, they are now a main factor in
influencing many aspects of consumer behavior, such as awareness, consideration,
information gathering, opinions, attitudes, purchasing decisions and post-purchase
evaluation. International marketers need to recognize the power and critical nature
of the conversations being hold by consumers using Social Media. Consequently,
the ability of influencing the crowd effectively is the main quality needed by the
marketing team (Evans, 2008).
Also, what is important about Social Media Marketing is that marketer can listen,
track and measure what is shared on the Social Media Sites in order to improve the
offered message and adapt it more to the customers needs. Thanks to the Social
Media analytics and metrics available, the impact of Social Media on a companys
marketing strategy can be measured and evaluated relatively easily.



6.3 Social Media and Branding
Branding offers the world a great variety of definitions and concepts. Its one of the most
broadly defined terms in contemporary marketing. Nowadays brands are used as symbols
that allow consumers to make a difference between the producers and trace the quality of
the product back to the manufacturer and if companies want to compete successfully on
the market, they must have a brand that consist of various characteristics (Bertilsson,
2009). A brand can be defined as "a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination
of them which is intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of
sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors" (Kotler 1991; p. 442). It is not
a surprise that many companies and organizations of all types and sizes are using social
media to monitor and respond to negative feedback about their brands or products
(Brown, 2010). In that line of thought social media and branding go hand to hand. Social
networking is bringing branding to new dimensions by offering quicker deployment and
return of information, a significantly cheaper platform than traditional marketing and a
way for people to get into conversations about a brand and in this way to spread the
information more effectively (Chordas, 2009). It becomes a proven fact that most of the
social media platforms are turning into important branding mechanisms. Now the focus
of the market research is more customers oriented than product oriented as it was in the
past. Marketers are concerned about customers attitudes and behaviors and how a
particular brand or product fits into peoples lives (Meehan, 2010). As it can be noticed,
social media and branding are mutually connected but there is something that needs to be
taken into consideration. When a company applies social media for its branding purposes,
the platform it uses must be implemented in a smart and professional way. It means that
the message it sends to the consumers must be consistent, well defined and generating
action (Chordas, 2009).

6.4 Social media and marketing in context of Nepal
Social media in Nepal is at growth stage. In the evolving business models, every
company is required to have an online presence and online communication channels, for
people to connect with the service. Nepal surely has lots of hurdles to pass through before
the Nepali people and companies can leverage the benefits of IT and social media
(www.newbusinessage.com).
Nepal's business enterprises have also given top priority to social media to get in direct
touch with their customers. This is an easier and cheaper way of marketing and branding
their products. As Nepal sees the rise in social network users of Facebook and Twitter,
even big business houses have made their heavy presence felt on the social networks.
Many companies have successfully taken advantage of social media to develop viral
marketing for their products. The Facebook users growth rate is quite high compared to
other social networking sites. Same like other countries Nepal has growing number of
Facebook users. Nepal ranks as the 70th country based on the number of Facebook
users. USA leads the way with over 160 million out of total 900 million Facebook users
globally. Similarly, Nepals neighbor India has over 40 million Facebook users (Social
Bakers 2012). Multinational Companies like Ncell aggressively markets on the web with
354,973 likes on Facebook alone. Similarly, Ace Travels has 214532 likes on Facebook.
These days Twitter and Facebook have been popular among Nepali journalists to share
news, views and opinion. The practice has made the access to information easier, speedy
and reliable. (www.ekantipur.com)
Advertising via social media can be monitored and controlled. Moreover, it can narrow
down the targeted group as per geography, age, education, and interests, which makes it
is easy to reach to the targeted audience. Hence, most companies are found to have also
created their own pages in these sites so that they can directly interact with their potential
customers and clientele.
If you compare NCELL and NTC, you will immediately notice where each one is.
NCELL has been heavily adopting latest technology and business models to gain users
base, whereas NTC is still in rudimentary stages. NCELL has been officially declared as
the winner, the country's first private GSM mobile operator as the Number 1 player in the
GSM mobile segment. The massive branding and investment NCELL has done for last
couple of year is commendable. It has been aggressive in terms of promoting and coming
up with new business models. (www.newbusinessage.com)
The social media presence is all about wearing an attitude to support customers through
providing timely information. The websites of NCELL and NTC are both rich in content
but NCELL seems to have been communicating with more grace than NTC. The
engagement in NCELL is much higher than in NTC. (www.newbusinessage.com)

6.5 Advantages of social media marketing for business

Social media marketing is an excellent way for businesses to broaden their exposure to
the public at a much lower cost than traditional marketing. Establishing a presence on
widely used platforms such as Facebook and Twitter can help target new customers and
make your brand more visible. Additionally, the two-way communication facilitated by
social media can improve customer service and enables businesses to gain new
information about their customers and tailor communications based on that knowledge.
Promotion is made much easier with the use of social media. If your business is just
starting up or moving to a new location, a simple post to Facebook or a YouTube video
commercial can reach a large audience and costs the business no money, only the time it
took to create the material.
Another merit of social media marketing for businesses is the ability to give their
customers a voice. What is meant by that is the customer can make a comment on lets
say a businesss twitter account that the business can choose to respond to. This allows
customers to get a sense of involvement in the companys progression and allows them to
give feedback, positive and negative, more freely. Lastly, social media allows businesses
to retain customers at a higher rate. What is meant by that is they can keep customers
thinking about their business and getting them into their stores or on their marketplaces.
Before social media, businesses had to rely on emails, postal mail, TV ads, or word of
mouth to get customers thinking about their product. Now with social media, a business
can be seen by a large audience by simply posting. It makes it much easier to branch out
to new people from loyal customers as well because of the easy it is to share social media
from user to user. (https://sites.google.com)




6.6 Disadvantages of social media marketing on business
No doubt social media marketing is a strong promotional tool but it has also got a dark
side associated to it. With a host of benefits it offers, there are some pitfalls that may for
the marketers if not addressed. One of them is the time it consumes. To get maximum
benefit out of the social media, one has to proactively participate in it. You have to post
or tweet frequently and interact with the people. Social media is all about online
interaction with your target audience. All this consume a lot of productive time.
Similarly, there is also the risk of negative comments and feedback. When you use social
media like Twitter, Facebook and Google+ for your product promotion, people get direct
access to post their views. There is equal probability of getting both positive and negative
comments. Even your competitors can post a few highlighting the negatives. Though you
can decrease the impact of negative comments through quick response, you cannot
nullify it. Besides these, there is always a hackers threat. (http://www.wisitech.com)

7. Conceptual Framework
7.1 Theoretical Framework of the study
The concept of this study is based on the fact that there is high need of social media
marketing for effective working of the business. Firms can have two-way communication
channel, offering consumers possibilities to interact with the firm by giving feedback,
take part in questionnaires, and so on by the available social media tools.
The emphasis of social media is more on the social part: content creation and interaction
between users that are enabled by different kinds of technologies. Social media is more
than the tools and technologies utilized. Equally important parts are content that users
generate and the communities where the content is consumed. Only by understanding
these three parts of social media can firms realize that it is not enough to only consider
the tools used; one must take into account the tools, content and communities when
considering the utilization of social media.


Fig 1. Essence of social media
Most of the social media tools are free of charge both to the consumers and firms, at least
the basic forms of the services. From firms perspective they can be seen as a tempting
opportunity to be used in marketing and communications. In addition to the fact that they
are often free-of-charge, they provide new ways for a firm to be in contact and engage
with the consumers. A firm can choose whether they want to take part in and be present
as the firm, a brand or in form of a product
Traditionally the communication between a firm and a consumer has been one-way
communication where the communicator is usually the firm and they have a message
they want to communicate to a certain group or a segment of consumers. This kind of
traditional communication is still widely used also on the Internet. For instance it can be
static information on a firm website or a banner ad on a web page which target group
utilizes often. Social media offers a possibility for two-way communication. This two-
way communication is communication not only between a firm and a consumer but also
between consumers as well as between the consumer groups and the firm. In figure 2 the
two-way communication model is presented. Since in reality the process involves more
than just two parties, it can be stated that the communication is more of a many-to-many
communication.




Fig 2. Utilizing social media in many-to-many communication (adapted from Pitta & Fowler 2005).
Social Media
Communities Content

Technologies
Social Media
Consumers
(Opinion
leaders)
Firms

Mass of
consumers
Pitta and Fowler (2005) also discuss how firms should target their messages in social
media and for that they present a two-stage advertising model. According to this model,
the best way for a firm to communicate is to identify the opinion leaders to be able to
reach the masses of consumers through them. These opinion leaders can be the most
active participants in forums or the writer of most popular blogs.

7.2 Analytical Framework of the study

The research study will be conducted through survey questionnaire method, consisting of
structured questions to collect necessary data. The survey questionnaire will consist of
questions pertaining to different parts of the study. Convenience Sampling will be used.
Most probably 18 to 60 age groups of people in Kathmandu Valley will be taken as
sample since this has the highest concentration of internet users assuming that the sample
represents the whole population of Nepali internet users in and outside Nepal. Online
survey will be conducted as well. Big business houses as well as small businesses
applying social media marketing will also be interviewed. The processing of data will be
done by adopting four processes of data processing and analysis i.e. Editing, Coding,
Classification and Tabulation. After the identification of core issues, presentation of the
findings will be given with the help of pie-charts and bar graphs. The process will be
continued as shown below:


8. Hypothesis of the study
The study includes students t-test for testing the hypothesis, which is the test of
significance for a single, or double mean.
Hypothesis I

Null hypothesis, =
0
i.e. there is no significance difference of effectiveness of
businesses applying social media marketing
Alternative hypothesis,
0
i.e. there is significance difference of effectiveness of
businesses applying social media marketing

Study phase:

Literature Review
Development of
Questionnaire

Survey

Convenience
Sampling

Interviews with
businesses
Processing and
Analysis of Data

Editing
Coding
Classification
Tabulation
Presentation
of the
findings:
-Report
Writing
- Pie charts
- Bar graphs
- Slide show

9. Methodology of the study
The basic objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of social media as
business marketing in context of Nepal, identify whether social media tools and materials
are being effective in business marketing or not and how companies and use them to
support their marketing activities. The study follows the following research methodology
in order to achieve its objective.

9.1 Research Design
The major aspect of the study is to find out the effect of social media while doing
business. To answer the purpose of this study, primary data will be collected through
individual questionnaire and secondary data of social media will be referred from various
online sources. Therefore, the research will be inferential as well as analytical.

9.2 Sources of Data
This study will be based on the primary and secondary sources of data which are
mentioned below:

Primary data:
The primary data is collected from various Businesses for the opinion on social media
marketing, its benefits, effects and impacts. Primary data for the purpose of this study are
through pre-set questionnaire, which is supported by the direct interview. An online
questionnaire survey will also be conducted.


Secondary data:
To be able to build a frame of reference and gather information about the background to
the problem secondary data will be needed as well. This research is basically based upon
secondary data. So, the secondary data for the purpose of the study is collected through
various published and unpublished documentary type sources. The source of valid
secondary data is:

Books relating to the subject.
Articles, blogs, journals and websites relating to the study
Newspapers and magazines.

9.3 Processing and Analysis of Data

A self-administered questionnaire, comprising mainly structured questions will be used
as the measuring instrument to collect data. Tables and charts will be created to make the
process of analyzing the data feasible. The aim is to give the descriptive analysis of
consumers view of social media marketing.













10. Work Plan and Time Frame
Work plan and time frame for conducting the research is mentioned in table below:
Table 1: Work plan for conducting research
S.N. Activities April May June
1 2 1 2 1 2
1. Preparation of
study

2. Desk study and
Literature
Review

3. Preparations of
field study and
Interview

4. Field visit and
data collection

5. Data processing
and analysis

6. Final report
preparation and
submission


11. Estimated Cost
Table 2: Estimated Budget for the research
S.N. Particulars Unit Quantity Rate Total
amount
A Field expenses
Daily subsistence
allowance (DSA)
30 days 160 per day 4800/-
Travelling
expenses
30 days 100 per day 3000/-
Sub total (A) 7800/-
B Stationary,
questionnaire
duplication and
report printing
5000/-
C Total (A+B) 12,800/-

12. Tentative Table of Content (TOC)
The Tentative Table of Content (TOC) of final project report will include following
chapters:
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Appendices
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Chapter 4: Results and Findings
Chapter 5 Conclusion
Chapter 6 Recommendations
REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appendices




Bibliography and References
Books and Journals
Mangold, G. W., Faulds D. J. (2009). "Social Media: The new hybrid element of the
promotion mix". Business Horizons 52: 357-365.
Weinberg, T. (2010): Social Media Marketing - Twitter, Facebook & Co., Beijing,
O'Reilly.
Zarrella D (2010), the social media marketing book, OReilly Media Inc., Canada.
Hettler, U. (2010): Social Media Marketing -
Ryan, D. and Jones, C. 2009. Understanding Digital Marketing. London: Kogan Page
Kaplan A.M., Haenlein M (2010). "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and
opportunities of Social Media". Business Horizons 53: 5968.
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http://techsansar.com/social-networking/nepal-telecom-social-networking-nt-chautari/