Systemline Guide 3

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102
Subject to alteration
3. Roof and Wall Cladding
Designing aspects
Insertion of large continuous skylight panels improve the natural lighting of the space inside
the hall. It implies, however, an unfavorable side-effect: due to its weaker insulating capacity,
additional energy demand of space heating must be satisfied in winter and the inside air is
too warm in summer, due to the greenhouse effect.
Careful designing can mitigate the above disadvantages. The following methods proved to
be viable and are, therefore, recommended:
a., insertion of a 1.2 to 2.4 meter wide longitudinal translucent strip between the purlins
along the ridge of the roof,
b., insertion of 0.9 meter wide translucent strips in each frame space, perpendicularly to the
ridge (approx. 6 meters long),
c., insertion of 0.9 x 2.4 meter wide translucent panels in the middle of the raster fields,
d., any combination of the above methods.
insertion of a translucent panel into the tympanum of the end-walls (e) or in the facade
cladding (f) can reduce the above mentioned unfavorable side-effects and contributes to
the further improvement of natural lighting.
The unfavorable consequences can be avoided and large and high quality skylight surfaces
an be created by inserting either of the following advanced and multi-functional barrel-vault
and cupola skylight.
c a
b
e
f
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8
7
6
5
4
3 2
1
4
Arched transparent trapezoidal profiled strip
In addition to the plane translucent panels of trapezoidal profile, the LINDAB system offers an
opportunity for the insertion of arched translucent panels of trapezoidal profile. The openable
top version offers special advantage.
Field of application: the skylight stripe is fastened on a steel plate footing which stands out of the
plane of the roof by approx. 200 mm, runs along the ridge and features the following parameters:
S (mm) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
() 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1., sealing profile
2., bottom trapezoidal arch
3., self-tapping screw, 5.5 x 36 mm
4., spacer Z profile
5., sealing profile
6., upper trapezoidal arch
7., sealed washer, F 25 mm
8., self-tapping screw, 5.5 x 36 mm
9., footing girder made of steel plate
R
S 60 60
f
Profile geometry and cross-sectional arrangement
40
80
255 255 255 255
1020
1070
4
4
4 4 4
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Application technology instructions
In the case of heat insulated sandwich-panel roofs, transparent foil must be substituted
for the standard underlying foil where the skylight panels are to be inserted. The
overlapping section of the foils must be sealed by self-adhesive strip, in order to provide
for separation from the vented layers laid on top of these foils.
The ridge flashing sheets (vented or not) must not be connected directly to the
transparent skylight panels because the stresses arising in the roof structure can break
the fastening screws free from the plastic sheets. To enhance safety of use, a strip of
coated profiled steel sheet identical with the type of the roofing sheet is laid along the
line of the ridge purlins. Then the flashing can be fastened reliably to the ridge purlins
by LL2T self-tapping screws.
Tetlemez PVC flia
Altt flia (LAF)
Gerincszegly
LL2
~
2
0
0 ~
2
0
0
Tetlemez csk Tmt profil
Bevilgt csk
Altt flia (LAF)
roofing sheet
PVC foil
underlying foil (LAF)
ridge cap
transparent skylight
sheet stripe
underlying foil (LAF)
sealing profile roof covering
trapezoidal sheet
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3. Hall Cladding - Walls
Lbazatformk
Tetcsatlakozsok
3.1.6.2. Dome-light
The dome/cupola skylights are made in one, two or three-layer versions and of acryl or
polycarbonate; their shape can be drop-, pyramid- or sawtooth-shaped. They can be of the
fixed or openable top version; can be used for venting, for improved space lighting, for heat
dissipation or smoke exhaustion and they can be opened/closed manually, or by electric motor,
compressed air or compressed gas.
The raw material of the footing is glass-fiber reinforced polyester (upon special request, it can be
made of aluminum or galvanized steel, heat insulation is provided in both cases). Its height can be
either 15 or 30 cm (in case of the version equipped with fan: m = 50 cm). It is delivered complete
with mounting frame, adjusted to both flat roofs and roofs made of hard corrugated sheets.
Methods of opening:
manual (rack-and-pinion gear, using 1, 2 or 3 meter long opening rod)
electric motor (incl. built-in limit switch, switching board with control lights)
compressed air (pneumatic working cylinder; compressors of different output)
Method of control:
adjustable opening height
control of clusters of electric motors
wind and rain sensing indicators
Raw materials:
cupola layers: acryl, polycarbonate
frame of cupola: light metal
footing: dip-galvanized steel or aluminum; the non-combustible version consists of glass-
fiber reinforced polyester filled with polyurethane hard foam, complete with circumferential
base provided with sheet insert
reinforcement: quality steel
claw stops used to fix the cupola layers: glass-fiber reinforced plastic
cantilevers: zinc-coated, galvanized steel
shades: woven net made of plastic filaments.
Accessories, supplementary fittings and equipment:
rain detectors, wind sensors, temperature sensors/thermometers, shades, additional
layers of the cupola, fittings used as manholes, fire and smoke detectors.
External features:
they can be incorporated into both flat roofs and sloped/pitched roofs.
Shape of edges (flat edge with water diversion accessory, made of corrosion-resistant
quality steel)
Standard colors (opaque, water-clear; upon request: special colors)
Further characteristics:
types of footing connections to roof surface
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nvleges mret
Load bearing capacity:
0.8 kN/m
2
: snow and wind
Mechanical features:
resistant to abrasion, scratching and impact.
Combustibility:
Class B1 or B2, according to DIN 4102
(slow or medium burning)
Humidity:
Max. 100% humidity permitted,
without deformation
Heat transmission factor:
K= 2.25 W/m
2
K
,
according to DIN 4108
Heat resistance:
Between 40
C and
+80C
Light permeability:
78%
Electric power:
220 V / 50 Hz, 60 W
(shock protection: IP
44, according to DIN
40050)
Required air flow:
750 m
3
/hour, at
atmospheric pressure
Cleaning:
self-cleaning or liquid
detergent of neutral
chemical effect can be
used
Repair, replacement:
the cupolas can be
replaced, the parts are
interchangeable;
openable top cupola
can be substituted for
the fixed version
Mounting, installation:
additional layer can be
mounted after
commissioning.
Size of light-
admi t t i ng
Nominal size
cm x cm
Weight of the double-layer
cupola (kg)
Weight of the footing
(kg)
fixed
opening surface, m
2
nominal size
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Axonometric view of skylight barrel vault
40
97
o
83
o
3
0
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 Lbazat
2 Z gerenda
3 Tmtszalag
4 Trapzlemez
5 Hszigetels
6 Zrszegly
Detail of footing of a barrel vault skylight on
the roof made of trapezoidal sheet
1., footing
2., Z beam
3., sealing strip
4., trapezoidal sheet
5., heat insulation
6., closing flashing
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3.1.6.3. Lindab Topline barrel vault skylight stripe
Application:
The skylight panels provide lighting of optimum luminous-intensity distribution to halls erected
for different purposes and the workplaces created therein. Only skylight windows ensure efficient
day-lighting inside halls of larger clear span.
In certain cases, the skylight system includes a highly efficient gravitational venting system, the
roof venting structure which, if combined with heat and smoke sensors, can be installed as an
automatic smoke deflector.
Materials:
Cellular polycarbonate; color variety: opaque, water-clear and bronze.
10 mm 72% light transmission, R
min
=150 cm, k=3,1W/m
2
K
16 mm 56% light transmission, R
min
=240 cm, k=2,4W/m
2
K
Effective panel width: 98 cm sequential longitudinal distance (i.e. the profile spacing) = 100 cm
- option: 16 mm thick polycarbonate panels: k = 2.1 W/m
2
K
Aluminum profiles:
- natural color (powder-sprayed surface, upon special request)
- system of self-bearing profiles, up to 3 m span
- smallest initial angle of the curve: 30
- the windows can be opened over the entire span

- the distance between the first and last curved profile of the barrel vault is bigger by 2 cm
than the length of the footings overall dimension.
Supplementary materials:
- self-adhesive aluminum strips permeable to vapor and used to close hermetically
the polycarbonate cells
- silicone, packed in squeeze tubes
- bolts/nuts
Structural description:
The Lindab Topline skylight windows consist of round-arched, three-ply cellular polycarbonate
panels. The external shell is manufactured by co-extrusion, in order to improve the resistance to
ultraviolet radiation. The polycarbonate panels are of opaque-white color, in order to reduce the
radiant heat load. Up to 6 meter size, the aluminum casing is mounted on self-supporting footing
made of 2 mm thick galvanized steel sheet specifically designed to match the Lindab roofs
assembled using trapezoidal corrugated sheets (Figure 65).
Further characteristic features:
- impact-resistant (e.g. stones thrown at the polycarbonate panels)
- resists to snow load, up to 2 .0 kN/m
2
, and the wind suction force, up to 1.62 kN/m
2
- fire resistance: Class B2, i.e. slow burning.
Clear span of the vault skylight
(overall dimension of footing)
140-170 cm, curve length < 190 cm
I.
II.
III.
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Tartprofil
Vzelvezet furat
lhajltott fels takarprofil
alumnium-, vagy bevonatolt
acllemez
Hszigetels
80 mm vastag
lhajltott als takarprofil
alumnium-, vagy bevonatolt
acllemez
Lbazat
Hzott - nyomott
rd (s tvolsgtart profil)
Figure 65: Footing of barrel vault skylight window, mounted on sandwich-panel roof
bearing profile
tensi on/compressi on bar
(and spacer profile)
water drain borehole
edge-bent upper cover
profile, made of
aluminum or coated
steel sheet
heat insulation (80 mm thick)
edge-bent bottom cover
profile, made of aluminum or
coated steel sheet
footing
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3.1.7. Lightning protection
The role of the lightning guard is to ensure that the lightning hit a special-purpose structure made of metal
rather than the building structure and to conduct the current of the lightning in the earth.
The following factors must be taken into consideration during the dimensioning of the lightning guard: the
intended use, the frequency of use and the fire safety classification of the protected building, the structure
and the order of layers of the roof, the number and connection of the roof shells, the height and environment
of the building, the type of the side walls and the specific resistance of the soil. These factors influence the
lightning protection classification (e.g. R2-M4-T4-K3-S1) of the building. On the basis of such classification
and the MSZ 274 Hungarian standard, the design engineer can establish the characteristics of the lightning
protection system, e.g. V3c-L4a-F3/r-n, where the V, L, F and n codes refer to the requirements
applicable to the lightning arresters, the lightning dischargers, the earth electrodes and the type of suitable
materials, respectively.
Roofs covered by metal sheets are considered special cases because they can, in favorable situations, act
as natural lightning arresters, making the installation of separate arresters an unnecessary investment. (Of
course, the mounting of lightning dischargers, earth cables and electrodes must not be neglected even in
these cases!) The material and thickness of the metal cladding/roof shall determine whether the simpler
method meets the requirements or no. Obviously, the metal sheet panels must not melt otherwise any
inflammable material stored underneath could ignite. The higher the fusion heat and point of the cladding
material, the thinner the sheet to be chosen as cladding/cover material.
The production technology and structural design of the Lindab metal sheets permit that the surface treated
steel panels whose thickness is 0.5 mm or more be used as (natural) lightning protectors since the plastic
coat shall evaporate where the lightning channel hits the surface but the resulting heat shall, at 99%
probability, be unable to fuse the steel sheet. Of course, the current of the lightning must be discharged.
There are several options, e.g. if the cladding/roofing panels are connected by several (steel) rivets, the
thin plastic coat shall be pierced and melt by the current which is then conducted to the earth via the metal
sheets. Any object outstanding or protruding from the roofs surface shall act as a natural lightning arrester
but the metal-to-metal connection to the roofs cover sheets must be provided for. In this case, the natural
lightning arresters and the discharging conductors (made of galvanized flat or round bar) can be connected.
Particular attention must be paid to the metal-to-metal connection of the roofs cover and the metallic
conductors and the firm fastening of these latter to the walls, etc. (trade names of galvanized steel binding
units used for lightning protection: OBO, BETTERMANN, VILODENT, DEHN, etc.).
Special care should be taken to ensure firm fastening of the lightning dischargers since the concentrated
power of the current previously distributed over a large area shall pass through them, resulting in immense
electrical and mechanical load. Therefore, a bus-bar wire must be fixed along this route by 8 to 10 rivets, at
the least. In order to avoid the damage of the sheets plastic coat and the subsequent corrosion of the
sheets, the roof should expediently be equipped with lightning rod terminals.
Thin sheets
The <0.5 mm thick Lindab sheets can not be used as natural lightning arresters without facing the risk of
fusion. Therefore, a protection system meeting the standard requirements must be installed after having
determined the buildings lightning protection classification. Since the relevant standard specifies the use
of the c size class (50 cm protrusion) whose implementation is relatively cumbersome, an expert having
special expertise should be invited to design a version of identical technical value. No exemption from the
standard specifications is granted any more.
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Terminals should be preferred during the selection of the suitable lightning arresters. The terminal
(or peak) must be connected to a connection cable laid on and fastened to the roofing sheet
and, finally, to the discharger cables. The use of the most adequate connection fittings is of
particular importance. Of course, the metal sheet cladding/roof may be connected to and
incorporated in the system.
5
0
0

-

3
0
0
0
16 - 20
felfog cscs
felfog bilincs
levezet
tmt gl
fels bekt
saru
levezet
csatorna
bekt
als
bekt
tettvezet elem
Schematic drawing of a lightning protection system
Schematic drawing of a lightning protection system
terminal
shackle
discharging cable
roof penetration rod
upper connecting screw
shoe
discharging cable
junction to the gutter
lower
connecting
screw
sealing gel
Universal junction fitting
code number: B1 (casting)
Paralell coupling fitting
code number: K5
Universal sheet jointing
code number: B2
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junction clamp for
discharge rod; code
number: L1
discharging and junction piece, for
non-continuous metal cladding built
of separate elements; code number:
P1 (long), P2 (short)
junction clamp for
discharge rod code
number: L1
Parallel coupling fitting;
code number: K2
(casting)
universal connection
clamp; code number: K1
terminal clamp fixed with
three screws; code
number: 21
upper connection piece to fix the
discharging/earthing cable, for
non-continuous metal cladding built
of separate elements and SIN
claddings; code number: VA
intermediate connecting
piece, for non-continuous
metal cladding built of
separate elements and SIN
claddings; code number: VK
upper connection piece to fix the

terminal, for non-continuous
metal cladding built of separate
elements; code number: VF
lower connection piece, for metal
cladding/roof made of LTP 85
trapezoidal sheets; code number: VA
LTP 85
intermediate junction piece,
for metal cladding/roof made
of LTP 85 trapezoidal sheets;
code number: VK LTP 85/
upper connection piece, for
metal cladding/roof made of
LTP 85 trapezoidal sheets;
code number: VF LTP 85
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Installation
The mounting of the lightning protection system is always begun from the bottom upwards, i.e.
the earth electrodes are the first components to be installed. Two aspects must be observed
during the work to be done on the roof shells: the ultra-thin plastic protecting foil should not be
damaged and any material handling involving friction should be avoided. Proper water-tightness
of the rivets and through-bolts is of particular importance.
Galvanized steel conductors (round or flat bars or wire-rope cable) should preferably be used
as structural material: Also the binding/connecting components should be made of galvanized
steel.
The fittings used for fastening the roofing sheets to the lightning protection system are made of
3 mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel profiles.
The diameter of the holes bored into the fittings is adjusted to two different methods of fastening:
- in case of bolts: 6.0 mm
- in case of rivets: 4.1 mm
In both cases, the diameter of the boreholes needed for connection to the system: 9 mm.
Length needed in case of different corrugated sheets (trapezoidal and other):
Code Number
In case of bolting In case of riveting Length (mm)
VF LTP 20/6 VF LTP 20/4 370
VF LLP 20/6 VF LLP 20/4 335
VF LTP 45/6 VF LTP45/4 587
VF SIN/6 VF SIN/4 400
VF LTP 77/6 VF LTP 77/4 469
VK LTP 20/6 VK LTP 20/4 140
VK LLP 20/6 VK LLP 20/4 135
VK LTP 45/6 VK LTP 45/4 227
VK SIN/6 VK SIN/4 150
VK LTP 77/6 VK LTP 77/4 469
VA LTP 20/6 VA LTP 20/4 370
VA LLP 20/6 VA LLP 20/4 335
VA LTP 45/6 VA LTP45/4 587
VA SIN/6 VA SIN/4 400
VA LTP 77/6 VA LTP 77/4 469
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3.1.8. Roof safety system
The Lindab roof safety system constitutes a complete system of advanced quality products
designed to enhance safety of work on the roofs. The main product groups include:
1.,Tubular snow guards, snow-fences
The snow guards and fences are meant to protect the safety of pedestrians. Each public institution
and other much frequented buildings must be provided with such means of safety. Both the
snow-guards and the snow-fences are capable of preventing the huge blocks of packed snow
from slipping and falling down, thus enhancing the safety of people walking on the street. These
implements can be used in combination, for example, the double tube design may suffice
around the perimeter of the roof but a triple tube version or a snow-fence may be needed above
entrance areas, as to provide for added safety. These products do not compromise the
consistency of the roofing structure and their paint coated versions are available, as well.
Slope angle of roof 6
o
10
o
14
o
18
o
23
o
27
o
33
o
38
o
42
o
45
o
50
o
55
o
1 60 36 27 19 14 11 10 12 14 17 25 53
1.5 40 24 18 13 9 7 7 8 9 11 17 36
2 30 18 13 9 7 5 5 6 7 8 13 27
Snow zone
kN/m
2
The maximum spacing between the support brackets is shown below:
Snow zone kN/m
2
1 1.5 2
Max. proposed bracket spacing 1200 1100 1000
The maximum spacing between the snow guards or snow-fences (measured along the roofs
slope line) is specified (in meters) in the following table (this is a Swedish standard):
2., Safety crest rail
Clamping rings and crest rails are mounted on low and high-pitch roofs, respectively. Both
provide enhanced safety to people working on the roof, by offering anchoring shackles which
the safety ropes can be attached to. Before use, the clamping rings and crest rails are subjected
to a dynamic load test.
3., Roof and wall ladders
In addition to ensuring safe work on the roof, safe approach thereto should be provided for. The
Lindab roof safety system includes ladders of all types to be affixed to the walls and roof. The
systems diversity and versatility meets even the most stringent requirements.
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4
1
1
2
3
5
4., Roof gangways
Roof gangways are installed to ensure safe access to either part of the roof. In addition to being
used by chimney-sweepers, gangways offer vital emergency routes in case of fire. The gangways
can be ordered with or without handrails.
5., Safety railing
The inner spaces of buildings are often provided with natural lighting via flush-mounted skylight
panels or transom windows. The falling snow covers the entire roof, including the skylight
windows. While walking on the roof, someone may tread on such windows and suffer an accident.
Safety railings surrounding the transom windows provide for added safety even in periods of
heavy snow-fall.
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Recommended Users Guide to the system components
Height of facade: max. 4 meters
Anti-slip coat for free-standing ladders (BBR 8: 2421)
Safety railing around roof manholes and skylight windows (BBR 8: 2433)
> 6
slope angle (1:10)

Fixed roof ladder footwalk around the chimney (BBR 8: 2423)
Height of faade: 4 to 8 meters
> 6
slope angle (1:10)

Shackles for fixing the safety rope (BBR 8: 2423)
Fixed wall ladder or internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)
> 6
slope angle (1:10)

Safety crest rail for fixing the safety rope (BBR 8: 2421)
Fixed wall ladder or internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)
Fixed roof ladder/footwalk/gangway leading to the chimney or crest or the place in need
of maintenance (BBR 8: 2422, 8: 2423, 8: 2426)
Height of faade: more than 8 meters
> 6
slope angle (1:10)

Exclusively internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)
> 6
to 14
slope angle (1:10)

> 14
slope angle (1:4)

Roof gangway around the entire length of the crest (BBR 8: 2422)
> 18
slope angle (1:3)

Identical with the above >14
item and including, in addition, foot-rails along the lower edge of

the roofs plane and the intersection lines of the roof surfaces (BBR 8: 2432).
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3.1.9. Insertion of rupture roof in the LINDAB structure
A rupturing/opening roof surface must be incorporated in the Lindab structure in the case of:
every room classified to the A-B category of fire hazard,
every room where explosion can occur as a result of the usual/intended activities, and
the boiler house.
The rupturing/opening roof structure must be calibrated to ensure that the roof surface ruptures
only if the overpressure induced by the explosion is 3 kN/m
2
or more.
The specific weight of the structure should not exceed 10 kg/m
2
; the wind pressure and snow
load may be neglected during the phase of this type of design (see MSZ 595/9 Hungarian
Standard).
The size of the rupturing/opening surface: F = f x V (m
2
)
V the cubic capacity of the room (m
3
) f 0.2 if 0 < V < 200 m
3
0.15 if V > 200 m
3
if V > 2000 m
3
, the size of the rupturing/opening surface must not be less than 30% of the total
surface of external cladding structures.
Structural design
Weight analysis
5,35 kg/m
2
4,00 kg/m
2
9,35 kg/m
2
< 10
Dimensioning of structural connection:
1., Check for wind suction
P
wind,section
= t W
o
K
e
C
2
(kN/m)
t - tributary width (m)
W
0
- wind load (kN/m
2
)
K
e
- safety factor (1.2)
C
2
- shape coefficient for situation
(0.4)
Distance between screws: 36 cm (everylower wave in the trapezodial sheet)
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Number of screws
Type of screw: LL2 S-S14-4,8mm
Pull-out force 0,45 kN/piece
If the additional supporting edge is made of 0,6 mm thick sheet. The connection is statisfied
against.
The wind suction if: 0, 45 2,77 > P
wind
2., Check for opening pressure
Loaded area t 1 (m
2
)
Opening Pressure 3,0 (kN/m
2
)
Opening force t 1,0 3,0 (kN)
The internal arisen in the screws in the case of ruptuning/opening pressure:
t 1.0 3.0
2.77
> 0.45 kN condition is met, the connection is gone broke (fractured) at the opening
pressure.
L 60/80/0.6
M825
tartszegly
LL 2
Structural design of the rupturing roof
additional supporting edge

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119
3.2. Wall cladding systems
The most appropriate facade wall structure for a LINDAB hall can be chosen from among the
following systems, based on the intended use and the environment of the building and any
other relevant aspect:
3.2.2.1. LindabEcowall Assembled sandwich wall system
3.2.2.2. LindabCasetwall Assembled wall system with wall cassettes
3.2.2.3. LindabSandwall Sandwich (Composite) panel wall system
3.2.2.4. LindabQualiwall Assembled wall system covered with trays
3.2.2.5 LindabTradwall Wall system with traditional brick cladding
The versatile variety of colors and profile shapes, including the optional thermal insulation
parameters, will certainly satisfy the architects demands. In addition to the colorful sheet cladding
components, also traditional or glazed faade embellishing components are available. The
internal wall cladding should expediently be adjusted to the intended use of the hall. Upon
request, we can deliver, in addition to the sheet cladding panels, products for developing various
styles of surface dressing. A few examples:
Plasterboard (education/training rooms, offices, facilities for the staff)
Betonyp (gymnasium, workshop)
Brick, concrete (warehouse, factory plant & workshop)
Special attention should be paid to the selection of the most appropriate footing for the hall
because the profile sheet cladding may be locally damaged (crippled) under high concentrated
or excessive mechanical load; and in addition, it is rather difficult to remove the stains and dirt
derived from industrial environments.
footing made of assembled sandwich-
panels and inside brick wall masonry footing
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Optional details of footing recommended for workshop, warehouses of factory halls.
Doors and windows of any type or model can be integrated with the Lindab wall cladding
systems. Detailed instructions are given in Section 3.5.1. concerning the doors and windows
marketed by Lindab. The natural lighting of internal spaces can be enhanced by integrating
fixed skylight panels in the faade surfaces.
120
p p
l
p - parapet height l - footing height
on-site reinforced concrete footing trap.sheet footing
block-brick footing pre-cast reinforced concrete wall panel
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3.2.1. General description of wall cladding profiles
General description of profile sheets
The cold-rolled sheets are products made by converting thin, corrosion protected wide strips
on a shaping rolling mill. The cut-to-size sheet profiles are transported to the site of construction
as bundled batches.
Az alapanyag Ry Rm
minsge: Mpa
EN 10147 FeE 250G 250 330
EN 10147 FeE 350G 350 420
Ry yield point
Rm tensile strength
Method of corrosion protection
Zinc coat: 275 g/m
2
Plastic coat: 25 thick, burned-in polyester coating, designed to resist against
moderately aggressive Class 2 atmospherical effects (characteristic of the
urban areas and the industrial 1. category according to Hungarian
Standard). On the back side a 10 micron thick protective lacquer layer is
applied.
The following standard and special colors are available:
RAL 9010 1002 3000 5024 1013
7035 1023 3011 5010
7011 8017 6021 5001
9005 8004 6003 9006 Lindab 777
Length of the products, depending on their type:
min.: 210 mm
max.: LV 30, LVV30 10000 mm
LVP 20 8000-10000 mm
LVP 45 10000-13000 mm
SIN 8000 mm
Static Design:
Static design can be done with the use of the design tables in the Lindab Design Guide for
Trapezoidal Sheets. For your information, in the following pages the design tables for the most
frequently used wall profile (LVP20, LVP45) are shown.
Quality of
raw material
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122
Fedszlessg = 1035
65 115
1
8
25
2.oldal
1.oldal
12.5
Fedszlessg = 1035
65 115
1
8
25
2.oldal
1.oldal
12.5
21.8 21.5 21.8
3.2.1.1. Technical parameters of the wall trapezoidal profiles
3.2.1.1.1. LVP20 trapezoidal sheet
Cross-sectional parameters
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602
Positive inertia in SLS* [mm
4
/mm] 20 27 34 41 41
Negative inertia in SLS* [mm
4
/mm] 15 21 27 31 31
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250 250 350
Dead weight, with overlapping [kN/m
2
] 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,06
Cross-sectional resistances (supporting length 40 mm)
Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,34 0,49 0,65 0,82 1,08
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,33 0,48 0,66 0,80 1,09
Crippling, at intermediate support [kN/m] 7,96 12,62 18,09 24,47 28,95
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 7,96 12,62 18,09 24,47 28,95
Shearing force [kN/m] 15,29 22,23 27,13 32,09 44,93
LVP 20
Profile geometry
LVP 20 Dn
*SLS: Serviceability Limit State
covering width = 1035
side 1
side 2
side 1
side 2
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LVP20 design table
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Data of the design table (LTP20)
Line 1: load-bearing capacity in ULS (no deflection limit)
Line 2: load-bearing capacity in SLS (deflection limit L/200)
Minimum support width: 40 mm
3.2.1.1.2. SIN corrugated sheet
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602
4
/mm] 44 54 64
4
/mm] 44 54 64
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250
2
] 0,05 0,06 0,07

Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,76 0,95 1,15
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,76 0,95 1,15
Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 3,04 4,10 5,27
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 3,04 4,10 5,27
Shearing force [kN/m] - - -
SIN
Profile geometry
side 1
side 2
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125
3.2.1.1.3. LLP20 trapezoidal sheet
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602
4
/mm] 19 27 34 42 41
4
/mm] 19 27 34 42 41
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250 250 350
Deadweight, with overlapping [kN/m
2
] 0,04 0,050 0,06 0,07 0,07
Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,56 0,76 0,97 1,26
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,56 0,76 0,97 1,26
Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,93 14,17 20,32 27,48 32,51
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 8,93 14,17 20,32 27,48 32,51
Shearing force [kN/m] 16,47 25,56 31,2 36,91 51,67
Profile geometry
LLP 20
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126
3.2.1.1.4. LV30 trapezoidal sheet
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602
4
/mm] 63 81 98
4
/mm] 44 57 71
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250
Deadweight, with overlapping [kN/m
2
] 0,05 0,06 0,07
Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,66 0,89 1,11
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,62 0,85 1,08
Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,90 12,76 17,26
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 4,45 6,38 8,63
Shearing force [kN/m] 18,36 27,36 35,02
Fedszlessg = 1000
167
3
0
104 16 30
2.oldal
1.oldal
LV 30
Profile geometry
side 1
side 2
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127
3.2.1.1.5. LVV30 trapezoidal sheet
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602
Positive inertia inSLS* [mm
4
/mm] 39 54 69 84
4
/mm] 27 37 49 61
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250 250
2
] 0,04 0,050 0,06 0,07
Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,38 0,61 0,81 1,02
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,67 0,78 0,99
Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 5,61 8,90 12,76 17,26
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 2,81 4,45 6,38 8,63
Shearing force [kN/m] 11,08 18,36 27,36 35,02
30
Fedszlessg = 1000
1.oldal
2.oldal
167 16 104
3
0
LVV 30
Profile geometry
side 1
side 2
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128
3.2.1.1.6. LVP45 trapezoidal sheet
Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7
Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602
4
/mm] 136 176 251 208
4
/mm] 117 152 218 179
Material properties
Yield point [N/mm
2
] 250 250 250 350
2
] 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07
Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,95 1,38 2,21 2,28
Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,96 1,40 2,15 2,32
Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,11 11,63 15,73 18,62
Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 4,06 5,82 7,87 9,31
Shearing force [kN/m] 15,47 24,47 34,23 40,50
Fedszlessg = 900
1.oldal
2.oldal
4
3
77 180 47
Fedszlessg = 900
1.oldal
2.oldal
4
3
77 180 47
26.3
24.47
26.3
LVP 45
LVP 45 Dn
Profile geometry
side 1
side 2
side 1
side 2
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LVP45 design table
Data of the design table (LTP45)
Line 1: load-bearing capacity in ULS (no deflection limit)
Minimum support width: 40 mm
The values shown are load bearing capacities,in kN/m
2
(incl. dead weight)
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3.2.1.2. Sandwich-panel for walls - LINDABWALL
The sandwich (composite) panels, consisting of two layers of metal sheets and heat insulation
infill, are manufactured on continuously operated rolling mills. Sheet bending is followed by the
PUR foam generation process. The metal sheets surface is subjected to special chemical
treatment to ensure firm adhesion of the foam.
The production length is limited by the size of the transport vehicles.
Max. length: 13,000 mm
Normal thickness range: 25 to 120 mm
Material of sheeting cover: galvanized steel sheet coated with color polyester layer
Thickness of outer shell: 0.4 to 0.6 mm
Thickness of inner shell: 0.4 to 0.6 mm
Available colors (RAL):
1002, 1014, 1015, 1019, 1021, 2001, 3020, 5008, 5014, 5017, 6011, 6013, 6029
7006, 7022, 7032, 7035, 7042, 8011, 8012, 8014, 9001, 9002, 9006, 9010
Thermal insulation core: polyurethane foam or mineral wool
The coated surfaces are provided with protective foil by the manufacturer, the foil can be removed
only after installing panel on the supporting structure.
Specific weight: 11.0 to 14.0 kg/m
2
1000
35 65 35 65 65 56
4
4
Figure 66: Cross-section of the wall sandwich-panel
Thickness (mm) 30 40 50 60 80 100
Heat transmission coeff. (W/m
2
K) 0.65 0.50 0.41 0.34 0.26 0.21
Dead weight 0,4+0,4 7.89 8.27 8.65 9.03 9.79 10.59
(kg/m
2
) 0,6+0,6 11.23 11.65 12.03 12.41 13.17 13.99
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131
Remarks:
The table values are derived from design values determined on the basis of laboratory loading
tests. The maximum L span (m) is related to that less value from the one for ultimate limit state
and for serviceability limit state in case of L/200 deflection limit. For use of the table, in the load
combinations the base values should be applied (without safety factors).
In each case, the adequate resistance of the support against the reaction forces and the load-
bearing capacity of the fixing elements should be verified. In the design of the screw fixings, the
temperature difference between the panel layers and the horizontal displacement of the whole
roof structure should be taken into account.
L
L L L
p (kN/m
2
) L (m)
30 40 50 60 80 100
0.6 2.25 3.10 3.45 3.80 4.50 4.90
0.8 2.10 2.90 3.20 3.55 4.00 4.45
1.0 1.90 2.70 2.95 3.30 3.70 4.40
1.2 1.80 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.35 3.75
1.5 1.65 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.90 3.20
0.6 2.60 3.40 3.90 4.40 5.20 5.80
0.8 2.45 3.20 3.65 4.10 4.65 5.15
1.0 2.30 3.00 3.40 3.75 4.25 4.75
1.2 2.05 2.80 3.10 3.45 3.90 4.30
1.5 1.85 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.35 3.70
Design table
The static design of the panels should be carried out in accordance with the relevant codes
(e.g. Hungarian Standards: MSZ15020, MSZ15021, MSZ15028) and other relevant technical
specifications. The following table specifies the maximum allowable span (in meters) in the
function of thickness (mm), the applied uniform load (kN/m
2
) and the static model.
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132
3.2.1.3 Fixing and fastening
The trapezoidal sheet profiles are fastened to the wall frame structure (to the girts) or to the wall
cassette by LD3T self-tapping screws.
Longitudinal and transversal connection, overlapping of the sheets, or fastening of flashing
items to the sheets, can be solved by using POP rivets or LL2T self-tapping screws.
The composite sandwich-panels must be fastened to the wall frame structure (girts) as shown
in the table, as a function of the panel thickness.
LXC5 self-tapping screw LXC12 self-tapping screw
VD
D
VD
D
Marking Size Application
Max. plate thickness
of the support
panel thickness
Min. (mm) Max (D)
Wrench
size
Coating (applied to stainless
quality steel)
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
sandwich-panel
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
Polyester lacquer
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3.2.2.1. LindabEcowall Assembled sandwich wall system
3.2.2.1.1. Building physics requirements
In order to eliminate the vapor diffusion and to dissipate the heat generated by solar radiation,
the double-shell sandwich-panel wall must absolutely meet the following conditions:
the vented space must be at the outer side of the thermal insulation layer, i.e. must lie
behind the wall cladding,
the width of the vented air strip (if there is any) must be 20 m, at the least,
the cross-section of the venting channel shall be min. 4 cm
2
and the length of the shorter
side must be at least 20 mm. The partition between the adjacent channels shall not exceed
180 mm (Figure 67),
the mean value of the vented cross-section (i.e. 200 cm
2
/m) shall be observed,
the minimum cross-section of the air intake and exit openings shall be 50 cm
2
/m.
kazetta
hszigetels
szellz
csatorna
Figure 67: Venting of the heat insulated assembled sandwich-panel wall
3.2.2.1.2. Materials and constructional setup of the assembled sandwich-panel wall
The external and internal shell construction of the standard sandwich-panel wall are assembled
by integrating the LINDAB sheet profiles described in Section 3.2.1.; the profiles are fastened to
the secondary light-weight system of wall frame beams (Z profiled girts) at the site. The thermal
insulation and vapor-tight layer dimensioned in accordance with the standard building physics
calculations is inserted between the external and internal shell construction.
The secondary supporting system, the wall girts can be built on primary structure made of steel,
reinforced concrete or timber (Figure 68/a and 68/b and also Section 2.1.3).
internal wall cassette
thermal insulation
venting
channel behind the
external sheet
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134
The supporting element (console) is generally made of U 100/50/4 steel section, and is fixed to
the primary steel column by welding (a=3).
The height of the console (H) depends on the size of the wall girts (Z) and the proposed plane
of the internal sheeting which can stand in front of the pillar (b) or is flush with the external plane
of the column.
Ha = Z 20 (mm)
a.) steel pillar b.) reinforced concrete pillar
Figure 68: Insertion of supporting elements (consoles) for the wall girts
Hb = X + Z 20 (mm)
X = thickness of the internal profile sheet
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135
Figure 69: Version of footing detail
1 LVP20/0.5 kls tr. lemez
2 Hszigetels
3 Prazr flia
4 LVP20/0.4 bels tr. lemez
5 Lbazati vzvezet
6 ntapad habcsk
7 Kszivacs lap
8 Kzetgyapot
9 Rgzt clipp
20 100 20
1
2
3
4
5
6
20 100 20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
20 100 20
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10 Tmt profil
11 Bels lbazati
szegly
A./ Footing located below the floor level, if it lies above the surrounding ground by 20 cm, at the least.
Alternatv burkolattart
B) Kiemelt lbazat
1., LVP20/0.5 external trapezoidal sheet
2., Thermal insulation
3., Vapor-tight foil
4., LVP20/0.4 internal trapezoidal sheet
5., External footing flashing
6., Self-adhesive foam strip
7., Porous insulation block
8., Mineral wool
9., Fastening clip
10., Sealing strip
11., Internal footing flashing
alternative cladding support
B./ High elevated footing
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136
In general, the internal shell construction is made of white LVP20 trapezoidal sheets, with
vertically running ribs.
A 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick vapor-tight foil is laid on the inner plane of the wall girts, in order to
prevent the outward propagation of vapor diffusion from inside the building.
The thermal insulation layer (glass-fiber fleece) is in the middle section of the sandwich
structure. The technical parameters of this layer are identical with what has been specified
in Section 3.1.2.1.2. It can be taken into consideration during the calculations that the
thickness of the thermal insulation is proposed as height of the Z profile + 20 mm; in
other words, sandwiching of the insulation layer between the two shells prevents it from
subsiding.
A self-adhesive strip (5 x 50 mm) used to eliminate heat bridge (LPO) is spread on to the
external plane of the wall beams (girts).
The external shell construction is made of LINDAB sheets vertically running ribs; the color
and profile of the sheets shall be determined by the architect. The sheet flashings
surrounding the footings, corners, eaves and the various openings are available in different
colors and sizes. The requirements specified in Section 3.2.2.1.1. regarding the venting
of wall structures must be taken into consideration during the design or selection of the
details.
longitudinal wall
standard footing
details
end wall
3
1
2
4
5
6
10
11
3
1
2
4
5
6
10
11
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137
5
0
0
3
0
3
6
5 4
8
7
1
4
5
1
5
0
2
0
20 100
Figure 70: Connection of eaves and wall
Off-standard solutions
The proper selection of the material and location of the external shell construction makes a
crucial influence on the final appearance of the building. The use of off-standard designs help
in creating versatile faades (e.g. trapezoidal ribs running horizontally or even athwart; arched
faade contours, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
LD3T
LL2T
4M10
4LD3T
LD3T
LL2T
LL2T
4M10
1., Steel frame column
2., Z wall beam (Z 100)
3., Internal trapezoidal wall sheet (LVP 20/0.4)
4., Vapor-tight foil (PE)
5., Thermal insulation
6., Strip to eliminate heat bridge (LPO)
7., External trapezoidal wall sheet (LVP 20/0.5)
8., Flashing of external wall corner (H)
9., Flashing of internal wall corner (S)
Design of standard corner
The outlines of the tympanum of the
gabl e can be emphasi zed by
excessi ve over hangi ng and
embel l i shed gabl e fl ashi ng.
The eaves overhanging distance
can be chosen freely within the 0 to
500 mm range (Figure 70). The
pitched roof can be hidden along
the longitudinal and/or end-walls by
adding an attic/parapet structure.
The internal sheet cladding can be
al so repl aced wi th other
appearance than the standard
solution of vertical ribs, adjusting to
the function and intended use of the
rooms.
The inner wall surfaces of offices and
class-rooms can expediently be
covered with plasterboard panels.
The surface of an inner footing made
of brick or concrete efficiently resists
to mechanical wear and damages
(Figure 71).
Systemline
138
Assembled sandwich-panel with internal
plasterboard cladding
Assembled sandwich-panel wall, with
internal brick wall
Assembled sandwich-panel
wall, with horizontally ribbed
faade cladding
Figure 71: Off-standard wall structures
Systemline
139
1., wall cassette (LFK)
2., thermal insulation
3., wall profile
4., sealing strip (TBA)
5., anti-heat-bridge strip (LPO)
6., steel primary frame
7., external footing flashing
3.2.2.2. LindabCasetwall Assembled wall system with wall cassettes
The wall cassettes which constitute the inner shell construction of the wall (1) are mounted
horizontally to the installation plane of the pillars, advancing from the bottom upwards. The
method of fastening may change depending on the material of the pillar. Self-tapping screws or
explosive fasteners (stud guns) are used in case of steel pillars, while dowels or spikes in case
of reinforced concrete. The size of these elements shall be selected in accordance with the
expected load. One cassette should be adequately fixed to the columns on three points. The
wall cassettes are connected to each other by pop-rivets or tacking screws, in order to ensure
accurate matching and proper resistance of the connections. For both longitudinal and transversal
joints it is necessary to use sealing strips. Self-adhesive strip (LPO) is applied to the outer edge
of the wall cassette in order to eliminate any heat bridge and to prevent the development of
condensate stripes. After having put the thermal insulation blocks (2) in place, the LINDAB profiles
(with ribs running vertically) of color and geometry chosen by the architect can be fastened to
the edge of the wall cassettes. The ribs act as venting channels and ensure proper venting of
the wall structure (Figure 72).
When designing openings (windows, doors)
in the wall structure, it should expediently be
divided into 60 cm high modules, taking the
width of the wall cassettes (600 mm) into
consideration. If this is not a viable method,
the wall cassette elements narrower than 600
mm must be made of individually bent sheet
edges and additional secondary supporting
beam may probably be required according
to static aspects.
BL
Figure 73: Horizontal section of a
faade cladding, with sheet
profiles having horizontally placed
ribs
If horizontally running ribs are needed, a vertically arranged batten system (BL type hat profiles)
is fastened to the wall cassettes in the first phase, in order to allow that the sheet profiles be
placed with their ribs running horizontally (Figure 73).
1
5
3
2
Figure 72: Wall structure made of wall casettes
Systemline
140
100 20
100 20
3
4
2
7
3
5
6
2
1
4
6
0
0
6
0
0
4
1
2
0
1
3
5
4
5
Figure 74: Some detail drawings of a wall structure made of
wall cassettes
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141
3.2.2.3. LindabSandwall Sandwich (composite) panel wall system
Fields of application: wall panels of buildings for industrial or agricultural use or walls of container
houses. Insulated wall elements of cold-storage warehouses or cold-storage rooms operated
within the +15
C and 40
C temperature range. The edges and connections of the panels can

be upgraded to ensure gas-tight or gas-proof connections.
3.2.2.3.1. Thermal engineering parameters
The rigidity and high strength of the sandwich-panel is ensured by an interim heat insulating
core which allows for the composite action of the internal and external metal shell construction.
The thermal insulation is made of PURB hard polyurethane foam treated with fire-retardant agent.
The foam is free of Freon, is environment-friendly and meets the respective EURO norms:
- mean density 25 to 40 kg/m
3
/d
- resistance to pressure 1 to 2 kg/cm
2
- shear resistance 1 kg/cm
2
- thermal conductance factor () 0.02 W/m
2
K
This is a closed-cell (95%), non-hygroscopic material
Limits of applicability are within the 90
C to +100
C temperature range, with little changes

depending on the product type.
Thickness(mm) 30 40 50 60 80 100
Thermal resistance 1,08 1,48 1,88 2,28 3,08 3,88
(m
2
K/W)
Heat transmission factor 0,81 0,61 0,49 0,41 0,31 0,25 (upon
(W/m
2
K) order only)
Fire resistance performance: T
H
= 0.2 hour. This wall structure may be used in:
max. two-storey buildings classified to Category III and IV of fire-resistance according to
MSZ 593/3 Hungarian Standard, or
industrial buildings/facilities accommodating activities classified to Class A and B of
fire hazard.
Sound insulation
The sandwich-panels ensure sound-proofing up to R
w
= 28 dB.
3.2.2.3.2. Constructional setup
The sandwich-panels can be used as self-supporting structures, directly fixed to the primary
structures, when built in cold-storage rooms whose span is less than 6 meters. In case of larger
buildings, the panels can be fastened to the secondary supporting wall beam/column system
(Figure 75). The sandwich-panels can be coupled with double groove-and-tongue joints
provided permanently flexible sealing in the manufacturing plant, as to ensure reliable connection
and permanent water impermeability (Figure 75).
Fire protection
Systemline
142
lbazat
kaputok
sarok
ablaknyls
Figure 75: Details of sandwich-panel wall structures
corner
opening (window)
gate post
footing
Systemline
143
2
3
1
1000 1000
e bR
e bR e bR
e bR e bR
e bR
e bR e bR
39 42 5,5 x 76
48 62 5,5 x 96
5,5 x 124
5,5 x 140
62 83
81 102
5,5 x 77
5,5 x 87
5,5 x 107
5,5 x 130
39 52
49 62
59 83
76 102
6,5 x 19
6,5 x 25
6,5 x 32
6,5 x 38
6,5 x 100
6,5 x 90
6,5 x 75
6,5 x 64
6,5 x 50
6,5 x 115
6,5 x 125
6,5 x 150
6,5 x 175
6,5 x 200
6,5 x 230
1., wall panel
2., supporting beam
3., fastener screw
hot-rolled steel wall beam thin-walled (light gauge)
steel profile
wooden support
Figure 76: Fixing of sandwich-panel wall structure
Panel
thickn.
(mm)
min max
Panel
thickn.
(mm)
min max
Size
(mm)
d x L
Size
(mm)
d x L
Size
(mm)
d x L
The system of Lindab sandwich-panels includes every element needed for the construction of
the wall cladding (footing support, wall beams /girts/ consisting of Z and C sections, eaves
beams, flashing items and fastening elements). The components are fastened to the supports
by special stainless steel self-tapping screws and provided with water and vapor-tight neoprene
washers. The screws are tightened by electric screw-guns (Figure 76).
Systemline
144
The pipe and cable ducts can be fastened to the wall joints in a non-destructive manner (Figure 77).
Several types can be fastened by special hidden metal clips which are mounted to the
supporting secondary beams by self-tapping screws.
Advantages of the hidden fastenings points:
avoidance of heat bridges and material destruction
recycling of the undamaged panels when the building is demolished in the future
since the panel is fixed at both of its ends; it is perfectly laid on his supporting structure
and, therefore, is effectively protected from deformation. Structural and thermal
displacements/movements of the building structure and the sandwich-panel wall are
equalized and absorbed by the hidden metal clips.
FVN
F
Figure 77: Horizontal section of wall panel joint
Figure 78: Hidden fixing of the sandwich wall panel
hi dden fi xi ng wi th
steel clip
fixing without clip
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145
3.2.2.4. LindabQualiwall Assembled wall system covered with trays
This is an advanced faade building system adjusted to the needs of industrial and other halls,
providing a wall surface composed of flat elements and producing an appearance which is
more attractive than the overall impression made by wall cladding made of trapezoidal sheets.
Recommended use: Installation, in part or whole, of the faade of office, trading and public
bui l di ngs whose functi ons requi re el egant and excl usi ve
appearance.
The principle construction A vertically arranged rib system is fastened to the external plane of
the Z beams which constitute the horizontal wall beam supports.
The wall cladding system, consisting of trays produced by
shaping flat sheets, are fastened to the rib system, usually made of
hat profiles, and has the external fixing by visible or hidden types.
The plasterboard wall lining system connected to the inner flanges
of the Z beams constitute the high quality surface of the walls
inside the building/room. Heat and vapor insulation is inserted
between the two layers.
Axonometric view of wall tray/cassette cladding with hidden fixing
the Lindab Qualiwall
system:
Systemline
146
Vertical cross-section
Horizontal cross-section
Systemline
147
3.2.2.5 LindabTradwall Wall system with traditional brick cladding
A light structure hall building can be integrated into a traditional building environment by
employing this system of faade completion.
Recommended use:
Installation, in part or whole, of the
faade of trading, educational and
sports facilities where the architectural
regulations do not permit the use of
metal sheet cladding or if special efforts
should be made in order to emphasize
the beauty of certain parts of the
building.
The principle of construction of the
Lindab Tradwall system
A vertically arranged system of ribs is
fastened to the external plane of the Z
beams which constitute the secondary
wall beam system, laid horizontally.
Then, the wall erected using brick can
be fastened to the rib system by
means of special steel connecting
pieces. A wall lining system selected
in accordance with the intended use
of the room/space is connected to the
inner flanges of the Z beams. Heat
and vapor insulation is inserted
between the two layers. The wall structure
is vented through an air gap created
behind the brick wall.
Vertical section of the wall structure
Horizontal section of a wall corner
Systemline
148
3.3. Fastening techniques
The sheet products are fastened using the parts & components of the LINDAB fastening
engineering system which provides adequate and safe solution for any problem which may
arise in the daily practice. The following circumstances should be considered before the final
selection of the proper fastening component is decided:
static aspects (primary or secondary fastening)
material quality of the supporting load-bearing structure (wood, concrete, hot-rolled steel
section, thin-walled steel profile)
the sealing quality of the fastener element
environmental impacts
aesthetic requirements.
The trapezoidal sheets can be fastened by self-tapping screws applied in the bottom wave
trough. Water-tightness is ensured by washers provided with EPDM sealing rings. The screws
are made of stainless steel or galvanized steel; also versions embellished with color lacquer
applied by electrostatic powder-spraying are marketed.
The most frequently used fastening techniques are illustrated in Table 1.
3 mm
tlhzs elleni vdelem
a lemezek sszeprseldse
hibtlan ktst ad
rozsdamentes acl
LL2-T
LL2-S
specilis vizzr
tmit altt
Fz
frhegy s menetgeometria
magas kihzer
Advantages offered by self-tapping screws:
protection against over-
screwing
special watertight sealing
washer
stainless steel
the brace-bit and the geometry
of the thread result in high
tearing resistance
squeezing of the sheets
ensures perfect binding
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149
LXL2-S16-6,3x25
LXL2-S14-5,5x22
(A14)
LL2-S-S14-4,8x20
(A14) LL2-A14-5,5x20
LL2-T-A14-4,8x20
thickness of the sheets
Min. 2x0,63 2x0,4 2x0,4 2x0,4 2x0,4
Max. 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x0,7 2x1,0
eszttikus fej
=> kis fejmagassg
=> csekly rnyk
=> harmnikus forma
szles felhasznlsi kr
=> acltartnl 1 mm tl
=> alu. tartnl 1,6 mm tl
7,5 mm
4 mm
1 gp
1 munkamenet
Fastening elements used to create secondary (sheet-to-sheet) connections
1 machine,
1 cutting movement
wide scope of use
steel beam, 1.0 mm and more
aluminium beam, 1.6 mm
and more
aesthetic head
small height of screw head
negligible shadow on faade
harmonic shape
Systemline
150
LL2-4, 8x20 LL2-H15-6, 3x22 LL3-H15-6, 3x32
thickness of the sheets
Min. 2x0,63 2x0,63 2x1,1
Max. 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x1,5
D
Q
D
Z
D
Zp
D
Qb
D
Zb
D
Q
D
Z
shear of connected material pull-through pull-out shear of the screw tension of the screw
Design of self-tapping screws
The design value of acting force should not be higher than the less of resistances regarding to
the possible failure modes.
D
M
D
H
= resistance of the screwed connection
The values of D
H
related to the relevant failure mode can be found in the Design Guide of Self-
Tapping Screws
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151
Application field of the fastening elements
The general application of the self-tapping screws is for fastening the LINDAB thin-walled
products as summarized in the following table.
Shape of the screw head, washer and sealing.
LD8-H 15 -5,5x25
LD6-T16 -5,5x22
LD12-H15 -5,5x32
LD12-T16 -5,5x36
4
2
4
2
LD3-H 15 -5,5x22
LD3-T16 -5,5x22
LD6-H15 -5,5x22
LD6-T16 -5,5x22
4
2
4
2
LL3-H 15 -4,8x20
LL2-T-T14 -4,8x20
LL2-H15 -6,3x22
4
2
4
LL3-H15 -6,3x32
4
LW-T-A14 -4,8x35
3
LX6/12-S16 -5,5x25
1
LX12/12-S16 -5,5x25
1
LX3/12-S16 -5,5x25
1
LX6/6-S16 -5,5x25
1
LL2-S-S14 -4,8x20
1
LXL2-A14 -5,5x22
LXL2-S16 -6,3x25
3
1
LXW-S16 -5,5x40
1
LXW-S16 -6,5x50
LW-S-A14 -4,8x35
1
3
lemez - fa tmasz
lemez - vastagfal
szelvny tmasz
lemez - lemez
lemez - vkonyfal
szelvny tmasz
Rgzitsi md
Idjrasll rgzitelemek
- rozsdamentes acl csavar -
Nem idjrsll rgzitelemek
- horganyzott acl csavar -
1 = stainless steel washer: complete with S14, S16, S19, EPDM sealing ring
2 = hot-dip galvanized steel washer: complete with T14, T16, T19, EPDM sealing ring
3 = aluminum washer: complete with A14, A16, A19, EPDM sealing ring
4 = cup head shape: H15, without washer and sealing ring
5 = standard head shape: H15, without washer and sealing ring
Several methods of fastening are recommended in the case of supporting elements made of concrete:
- self-tapping screws driven into a hollow steel shape fixed into the concrete beam
- screw + dowel made of metal or plastic
- spike (crooked nail driven in the borehole)
- spike (crooked nail driven in the borehole)
Non-weatherproof fixing elements
- hot-dip galvanized steel screws -
Method of fastening
Weatherproof fixing elements
- stainless steel screws -
Sheet thin-walled
hot-rolled sectioned
support
Sheet thin-walled
steel sectioned
support
Sheet sheet
Sheet timber
support
Systemline
152
Pull-through
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.25 1.5
0.4 0.35
0.5 0.43 0.5
0.6 0.50 0.56 0.73
0.65 0.54 0.59 0.76 0.82
0.7 0.57 0.63 0.8 0.85 1.15
0.8 0.65 0.69 0.86 0.92 1.22 1.4
0.9 0.72 0.76 0.93 0.98 1.3 1.47 1.68
1 0.79 0.83 1 1.04 1.38 1.54 1.74 1.96
1.25 0.79 0.99 1.16 1.2 1.56 1.71 1.89 2.1 2.74
1.5 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.36 1.75 1.88 2.04 2.23 2.84 3.61
2 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.44 1.94 2.22 2.34 2.5 3.03 3.73
2.5 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.44 1.94 2.22 2.49 2.77 3.22 3.85
a lemez vastagsga mm-ben a csavarfejnl
als
lemez
vastagsga
mm-ben
Shearing of the sheets (failure of the hole edge) (kN)
)
Resistances of connections regarding to different failure modes
Remark: the washer is of appropriate rigidity and its diameter is min. 14 mm
A rgztett lemez vastagsga mm-ben
R
N/mm
eL
2
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.50
250 1.50 1.88 2.25 2.44 2.63 3.00 3.38 3.75 4.69 5.63
280 1.68 2.10 2.52 2.73 2.94 3.36 3.78 4.20 5.25 6.30
350 2.10 2.63 3.15 3.41 3.68 4.20 4.73 5.25 6.56 7.88
Thickness of the fixed sheet (mm)
Thickness of the sheet at the bold head (mm)
Thickness
of the
lower sheet
(mm)
Systemline
153
Remark:
The values in the table are for screws of diameter 5.5 mm.
A correction multiplier factor (m) should be used in case of other diameter:
m=1.07, in case of 6.3
m=0.93, in case of 4.8
The condition that should be satisfied is:
Tart tmasz nvleges vastagsga mm-ben
R
N/mm
eL
2
Pull-out
D
M,Z
= design tensile force in the screw
D
H,Z
= tensile resistance of the screw
D
M,Q
= design shearing force in the screw
D
H,Q
= shearing resistance of the screw
D
M,Z
D
M,Q
D
H,Z
D
H,Q
1
+
The types and resistances of the necessary self-tapping screws can be chosen from our design
guide (Fastening Elements).
It can happen that faulty boreholes are made, as a result of:
- misdirected drilling
- failure of the rivets or screws
- repeated use of sheets salvaged from another place.
All these events can cause penetration of water/humidity through the roof and impairment of the
wall linings quality.
Special repairing screws can be used to complete professional repair. Their diameter is bigger
than the diameter of the borehole and their shape and color is a perfect match to that of the
original parts furthermore they guarantee absolute water imperviousness.
Depending on the nature of the connection, the repair work can be done in line with the following
recommendation:
in case of sheet-to-sheet connection: the repair screw is driven into the existing hole.
in case of sheet-to-support connection: the diameter of the existing hole must be increased
to 6.55 mm followed by driving the screw in the hole.
Repairing screws (TDC S 16 7.1 x 19)
Nominal thickness of the supporting beam (mm)
Systemline
154
3.4. Transport, storage and installation of the LINDAB cladding elements
The continuous operation of the corrugating mill supports the production of sheets of various
lengths; the actual length depends on the type of the profile and the sheet thickness. The selection
of the optimum length delivered and the best combination of the packaging methods and means
requires proper attention. The optimum way of stacking: the products must be separated by
inserting plastic foil or special grade paper. The sheets must be bundled using wooden crates
(b), as to protect them during transport and material handling. If necessary, also edge protecting
guard-plates (a) are provided. The bundles must be hoisted by plastic slings or rubber-coated
ropes; the use of lifting beam (c) can be useful in case of particularly long products (Figure 79).
a b
Figure 79.
In case of shorter product a fork-lift truck can do but the use of a crane is preferable. Proper area
should be reserved at the construction site for storage.
The completeness and possible damages must be checked immediately at the time of the
shipments arrival, as to indicate any deficiency or physical damage. The bundles should be
stored a bit aslant to let any water or condensate to flow out. In addition, the products stored in
the open must be covered by a tarpaulin.
Sheets provided with plastic coating should not be stored in the open for a long tine (i.e. for one
or two months) because the condensate can damage the coating. If such storage is unavoidable,
the site staff should provide for proper venting.
Vapor or condensate can facilitate the development of white rust on the surface of galvanized
sheets. The rust must be removed before installing the sheets. Each sheet is lifted separately to
the roof, using safety ropes to prevent any damage possibly caused by the wind.
The parameters of the supporting structure (flatness, rectangularity, width of the bearing area)
must be checked before installation of the sheets. If any deficiency makes the installation work
difficult or impossible, a written report must be prepared to request remediation of the problem.
c
b
Systemline
155
The place of the trapezoidal profiles must be indicated by cords on the bearing surface. Minor diversions
can be offset transversally by pulling or pushing the sheet. The plastic coated sheets should be moved
carefully by people wearing clean gloves during manual handling.
Attention should be paid to the accurate implementation of dilatation gaps. In case of warm roof, the
supporting corrugated sheets are exposed only to minor temperature variations therefore it is sufficient
to adjust the dilatation gaps to those of the building. In the case of cold roofs, external wall cladding or
extreme temperature differences, properly dimensioned fastening methods should be applied or
oval holes must be cut to ensure unobstructed thermal motion.
The contractor undertaking the installation of LINDAB sheets must have skilled labor, sufficient insurance
policy, engineering certificates and should regularly make sure of adherence to the work safety rules.
The following aspects should be taken into consideration during the installation phase:
staining or damaging of the plastic coat should be avoided, particularly during the cutting jobs,
the chippings must be removed, by blowing, if possible, in order to prevent subsequent rusting
or damaging,
all stains must be removed before drying, particularly in case of tar or bitumen.
The surface should be cleaned by wet cloth or careful washing.
Impurity Method/material for cleaning
Dust Water or mild soapy solution
Bitumen or tar Benzene or solvent (Ha-Ku-vk 1025/16)
Rust Solvent (Ha-Ku-vk 1025/16 or P3-+1166)
Traces of mortar Mechanical removal
If possible, the surface should be cleaned gently, without exerting pressure on the surface, in order to
avoid permanent surface deformations or the loss of its gloss. Cleaning should be followed by rinsing
with a generous amount of water.
The use of ammonia spirit, granular scouring agents, nitro-solvents or solvents containing chlorine or
aromatic compounds is prohibited.
Spots scratched during the assembly at the site shall be repaired with the lacquer provided by the
manufacturer. This work shall be limited to the absolutely necessary jobs, focusing on surface
imperfections which reach down to the base metal. Only cleaned, dry and de-greased surfaces may
be repaired, by a fine brush, in order to limit the size of repaired surface to the minimum. Only the
necessary amount of lacquer shall be used; the repaired spot should not be visible from the usual
distance of observation. Only the original repair lacquer should be used, in order to ensure the best
color match.
If necessary, the repair lacquer may be applied to larger areas, as well. The degree of preparation
shall depend on the condition of the impaired surface. Contractors specialized to this job should be
invited.
A priming coat must be applied to the cleaned, dry and de-greased surfaces, in order to avoid corrosion.
The covering varnish should be applied to the dry priming coat. Due to the possible color differences,
it is expedient to re-coat the entire surface or to select clearly limited areas. It is recommended to alter
the color of the re-painted surface.
Recommended types of lacquer: AY-based PVC-MP or PVR A4 air-drying lacquer for outdoor use.
Dispersion paints can be applied to indoor surfaces.
Systemline
156
1
4
0

m
m
LVP 20/0.5
LINDAB FLIA
HSZIG + Z GERENDA THERWOOLIN NF-10 tip
PRAZR
LVP 20/0.5 (PERFORLT VAGY NEM PERFORLT
PERFORCI: 36%; 2,8 mm-es FURATOKKAL
3.5. Acoustics
The LVP-20 perforated sheet profiles used to assemble the inner cladding/lining of heat insulated
halls ensure excellent noise abatement; this is a basic requirement specified in the respective
building construction regulations applicable to buildings classified to certain categories.
The noise abating wall structures can be classified on the basis of test results, standard
specifications and the following characteristics:
- Elimination of airborne noise (in case of protection against traffic noise):
- perforated wall structure: R
ko
= 25.5 dB
- non-perforated wall structure: R
ko
= 27.3 dB
- Elimination of airborne noise (in case of protection against noise of other nature):
- perforated wall structure: R
W
= R
j
= 29.0 dB
- non-perforated wall structure: R
W
= R
j
= 33.0 dB
- Acoustical absorption (in case of protection against traffic noise):
- perforated wall structure: L
ko
= 2.8 dB
- non-perforated wall structure: L
ko
= 0.3 dB
- Acoustical absorption (in case of protection against noise of other nature):
- perforated wall structure: L
j
= 6.86 dB
- non-perforated wall structure: L
j
= 0.8 dB
Number of the products quality certification, obtained from MI: M-103/95 (Hungarian Quality
Insurance Institute)
In accordance with the Hungarian standard MSZ 13-121-1:1992 Protection against traffic noise,
the noise abating wall structures are qualified:
- in accordance with their ability to eliminate airborne noise:
suitable
becauseR
ko
> 25dB
- in accordance with their acoustical absorption:
returning
because L
ko
< 4dB
LVP 20/0.5
LINDAB FOIL
HEAT INSULATING THERWOOLIN NF-10 TYP + Z BEAM
VAPOR-TIGHT FOIL
LVP 20/0.5 (PERFORATED OR NON-PERFORATED)
PERFORATION 36%; WITH 2.8 MM HOLES
Systemline
157
3.5.1. Insertion of doors & windows
3.5.1.1. Windows
The LINDAB windows are assembled using the members of the REHAU S730 profile family
made of co-extruded PVC. The profiles used to assemble the casement and the sashes have
three air chambers (heat transmission coefficient K = 1.5 to 1.6 W/m
2
K
) and are stiffened with a

steel section insert. Total thickness of the profile system: 60 mm.
Standard sizes:
T
4
5
N
4
5
T
T = tokmagast
Figure 80: Window installation vertical
section
Standard color: white.
Basic types: fixed, movable, bottom-hung sash
window, movable & bottom-hung sash window.
The windows can be combined in systems of
windows by range profiles.
Windows are available in custom-tailored sizes.
Windows installed at 1.6 meter or higher should
be equipped with manual or electric remote
controller.
The windows may be incorporated in the system
of light wall frame beams while adhering to the
following specific requirements:
- distance between the Z profile wall frame
beams, when measured in the plane of the
windows:
nominal height of the window + 2 x 45mm
Fixed windows Movable windows
Bottom-hung sash
movable and bottom-hung
window
* The upper part of the window opens
raising black
Systemline
158
Quality specification of window profiles
Technical parameter Requirement Measured value Test method
Uniform color, free from
extraneous matter or
cracks
Each sample met the
requirements
Visual inspection Appearance
Value specified by the
manufacturer
0.03 g/cm
3
1.75
MSZ ISO 1183 Density (g/cm
3
)
Max. 0.05
0.03
MSZ 7083 Cold water absorption (%)
Min. 75 115.2
MSZ ISO 306 Vicat softening temperature
C
Min. 37.5 42.5
MSZ KGST 1199 Tensile strength (N/m
2
)
No blister, crack or
scaling is permitted
on the surface of the
profiles
Satisfactory
MSZ -09-40.0051
150
C, 30 minutes
Thermal resistance:
Profile #68
Profile #Z 60 S
Profile #86
Profile stulp.
Profile #18.5
Profile #14.5
Profile #6.5
Max. 2.0
1.76
1.67
1.74
MSZ -09-40.0051
100
C, 1 hour
Dimensional change when heated (%)
Profile #68
Profile #Z 60 S
Profile #86
Profile stulp.
Profile #18.5
Profile #14.5
Profile #6.5
Max. 2.0
2.15
2.11
2.15
2.14
MSZ -09-40.0051
100
C, 1 hour
m= 1 kg, h= 1m
Impact resistance (ratio of failures, %)
Profile #68
Profile #Z 60 S
Profile #86
Max. 10
0
0
0
After exposure to
0.8 MWs/cm
2
radiation
Color change due to weather
exposure (grey scale)
Max. 3 43
Measured on a
test specimen provided
with double V-notch
Dynamic bending strength (kJ/m
2
)
Systemline
159
The Z beam put below the windows must be propped up because it is incapable of
sustaining vertical loads without suffering significant deformation. A C section resting on
the floor and featuring dimensions identical with that of the Z profile should be used (Figure 81).
POP
LL2
altmaszt C-szelvny
Figure 81: Insertion of a supplementary wall supporting elements below the window
Window supporting column
made of C
Systemline
160
Figure 83: Installation of window framing flashings
vertical cross-section
horizontal cross-section
External window flashing F
vapor-tight foil
self-tapping screw
LD-3 T screw
TBA sealing strip
External covering flashing X
Internal covering flashing W
Lindab window
pop rivet
vapor-tight foil
self-tapping screw
LL-2 screw
TBA sealing strip
Lindab window
pop rivet
Internal covering flashing W
Systemline
161
Figure 83: Installation of window framing flashing
g
l
F
e
l
s

s
a
r
o
k
b
e
v
s
k
i
v
s
120
2
0
s
z
e
g
e
c
s
+
g
l
A
l
s

s
a
r
o
k
t
o
p

c
o
r
n
e
r
b
o
t
t
o
m

c
o
r
n
e
r
g
e
l
r
i
v
e
t

+

g
e
l
c
u
t
-
i
n
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
Systemline
162
3.5.1.2. Doors
Their structural material is identical with that of the window-system.
Standard sizes (single-wing doors): Standard color: white.
French window 900 x 2100 900 x 2400 1500 x 2100 1800 x 2100
Entrance door 900 x 2095 1000 x 2095 1500 x 2095 1800 x 2095
The doors are incorporated in the wall frame structure being supported by C profile casing
(like in case of the windows). The height of the wall frame beam inserted above the door from
the floor is equal to (nominal door height + 45 mm).
3.5.1.3. Industrial gates
The gate is installed in a door frame made of RHS 60 x 120 x 3 mm hollow section which is
manufactured and installed together with the frame. Since the frames parameters depend on
the size and type of the gate, they can be established in possession of accurate initial data. The
columns of the door frame can be fastened to the dowels built in the floor by anchoring bolts
driven through the holes of the base plate at the bottom of the column. The top section of the
frame is welded to the primary frame columns, ensuring that the outer plane of the gate-frame
is adjusted to that of the primary frame columns. Thus, the wall beams (girts) made of Z
sections shall fall in line when viewed from the faade plane (Figure 84).
R-jel sarokborts
P-jel tokborts
Bels borts
Kapu vaktok
Guminyelv
Kapu lamella
Kapu tok
Vezetsn
400-550
H
IPE
120/60
Zrtszelvny
T
SZ
Figure 84: Structure of a supporting frame of
industrial gate
Horizontal cross-section
External corner flashing R
External gate flashing P
Internal trapezoidal sheet
Column of supporting gate-frame
Rubber tongue (sealing)
Gate lamella piece
Gate casing
Guide rail
RHS hollow section
Systemline
163
A vltoztats jogt fenntartjuk
Literature
Met-Szoft: General principles of hall design 1995
LINDAB Design Guide: Z & C beams 1999
Design Guide: Trapezoidal corrugated sheets 1999
Design Guide: Fastening elements 1999
Dimensioning Guide 1999
Hall Application Technology 1995
Tak-Vggkatalogen 1998
SSAB Tunnplt: What you should know of the fine grade sheets used in
building industry 1997
PAB Bemessungstabellen 1998
Stahltrapezprofil im Hochbau (Karl Krmer Verlag) 1980
Engineering of lightning protection (Dr. Istvn FODOR) 2002
Manual of building physics (Dr. Ivn FEKETE; Mszaki Knyvkiad) 1985
Building physics expert opinion (Dr. Jnos VRFALVI) 2002
ISO-SYS application technology 1994
Toplan application technology 1994
Therwoolin application technology 1994
Tel-Mineralwolle, product prospectus
Greschalux, product prospectus
Practice of fire-fighting (RIGIPS)
SFS Stadler Befestigungstechnik
EJOT Baubefestigungen
LINDAB Hall Construction (Gyrgy SZEDERKNYI; a working paper) 1999

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Systemline

- the windows can be opened over the entire span

upper connection piece to fix the

slope angle (1:10)

slope angle (1:10)

slope angle (1:10)

slope angle (1:10)

slope angle (1:10)

slope angle (1:4)

slope angle (1:3)

item and including, in addition, foot-rails along the lower edge of

C temperature range. The edges and connections of the panels can

C temperature range, with little changes

) and are stiffened with a

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